Eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent, and particularly relates to an ecological and environment-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The present application uses wheat xylosan foaming agent as a foaming raw material, and is environment-friendly and non-polluting to the environment. When extinguishing fire, a large amount of fine foam can be generated to reduce the temperature and block oxygen, so as to achieve the effect of extinguishing fire. The used chitosan-based biomass can cut off the energy of the fire source. The used N2 and propylene glycol can play the effects of fire retardation and frost resistance, and further improve the fire extinguishing effect. The ecological and environment-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present application is environment-friendly, does not produce harmful by-products during fire extinguishing, and does not cause secondary pollution. The ecological and environment-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present application has good fire extinguishing speed, and can be used for extinguishing fire in forests, oil fields, mines, grasslands, airports, stations or wharfs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular relates to an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Foam fire extinguishing agents are effective for extinguishing flammable and combustible liquids. They primarily form a floating layer of condensed foam on the liquid's surface, acting as a suffocating and cooling agent. Existing foam fire extinguishing agents are often solutions of aluminum sulfate and sodium bicarbonate. When the fire extinguisher is inverted, the sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate react to produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, which is then ejected from the solution carrying the carbon dioxide, extinguishing the fire.

[0003] The reaction of aluminum sulfate and sodium bicarbonate foam fire extinguishing agents during fire extinguishing is as follows:

[0004] 6NaHCO3+Al2(SO4)3=2Al(OH)3+3Na2SO4+6CO2.

[0005] However, the by-product aluminum hydroxide produced by this type of foam fire extinguishing agent will cause secondary pollution to the environment and harm to people. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has good fire extinguishing effect, and its ingredients are environmentally friendly and does not produce harmful by-products.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

[0009]

[0010] Preferably, the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass comprises chitosan oligosaccharide.

[0011] Preferably, the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass has a Baume degree of 0.5 to 3.6°Bé.

[0012] Preferably, the specific gravity of the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass is 1.0036 to 1.0256.

[0013] Preferably, the N2 is nitrogen.

[0014] Preferably, the viscosity of the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent is 1.2-1.25 mPa·s at an ambient temperature below 10°C, 1.15-1.2 mPa·s at an ambient temperature of 10-35°C, and 1.15-1.18 mPa·s at an ambient temperature of 36-52°C.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0016] mixing a wheat xylose foaming agent, chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass, propylene glycol and water to obtain a mixed solution;

[0017] The mixed liquid and N2 are encapsulated in a container to obtain an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0018] Preferably, the mixing is:

[0019] Mixing the wheat xylose foaming agent and the first portion of water to obtain a foaming agent solution;

[0020] mixing the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass with a second portion of water to obtain a diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution;

[0021] The propylene glycol, the foaming agent solution, the diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution and the remaining water are mixed for a third time to obtain a mixed solution.

[0022] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first portion of water, the second portion of water and the remaining water is 1:(1.01-1.03):(1.06-1.07).

[0023] Preferably, the pressure in the container after packaging is 5-6 MPa; and the container is a high-pressure bottle.

[0024] The invention provides an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components, calculated by weight percentage: 28-39% of a wheat xylose foaming agent; 2-4% of a chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass; 24-7% of nitrogen; 1-3% of propylene glycol; and 53-58% of water.

[0025] The present invention uses wheat xylose as a foaming agent to insulate and cool the fire source, and emulsify oil to inhibit re-ignition. Chitosan oligosaccharide has the functions of homogeneously dispersing the fire extinguishing agent components and forming a biofilm at high temperatures to inhibit the expansion of the fire source. Propylene glycol has the functions of improving antifreeze and dissolving oil. The Corexit dissolving agent product produced by Nalco Holding Company contains 1-5% propylene glycol and was used to clean up the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico oil spill in 2010.

[0026] Wheat xylose foaming agent belongs to non-ionic surfactant, does not contain polyethylene glycol PEG, aromatic compounds (such as benzene ring) and preservatives, belongs to ecological environmental protection sign product, has low ecological toxicity and biodegradability (98% / 28 days, OECD 301F), raw materials are extracted from pentose (such as arabinose, xylose) and hexose (such as glucose) from wheat shell and straw, and palm kernel oil fatty alcohol (C8 / C10) glycosylation (Fisher's glycosylation). Compared with other foaming agents, the advantages include low reaction temperature (<120℃), low energy consumption, low carbon footprint, low critical micelle concentration (CMC: <500mg / L), better oil adsorption and emulsification performance; low interfacial tension (27mN / m at CMC), improve the effect and efficiency of wetting to make it difficult to rekindle. And in high temperature and alkaline conditions, it still shows good wetting performance. Compared with glucoside and other non-ionic surfactants (such as fatty alcohol ether), it has excellent emulsification effect, environmentally friendly ingredients, no pollution to the environment, and can generate a large amount of fine foam during extinguishing, thereby reducing the temperature and blocking oxygen to achieve the effect of extinguishing.

[0027] Chitosan (chitin, deacetylated chitin, soluble chitin, chitosan, deacetylated chitin, polyglucosamine) is only soluble in dilute acid, not in water or solvent, and the molecular weight reaches 500-1000KDa. As a fire extinguishing agent, it may cause defects such as precipitation, caking and nozzle blockage. Chitooligosaccharide-based biomass (chitooligosaccharide, chitooligosaccharide, oligochitosan, scientific name β-1, 4-oligosaccharide-glucosamine) is soluble in water or solvent, with a molecular weight of ≤3.2KDa, small molecular weight, high dispersion distribution, no caking, no flocculation, no nozzle blockage, stable quality, widely used in food, pharmaceutical purposes, no inhalation risk to fire extinguishing personnel during fire extinguishing spraying, forms a biological membrane when high temperature, can cut off the energy of fire source, effectively inhibits the flame while rapidly reducing the temperature, avoids the occurrence of rekindling.

[0028] Propylene glycol can lower the freezing point of water, as a heat preservation fire extinguishing agent, it is not easy to freeze at zero temperature, avoiding the failure to spray fire extinguishing agent during extinguishing and delaying the extinguishing opportunity.

[0029] The addition of nitrogen can form high pressure in the fire extinguisher, form high-speed atomized foam during spraying, and can implement fire extinguishing at a long distance, which can protect the fire extinguishing personnel and improve the fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0030] The ecological and environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent provided by the application is friendly to ecology, environment-friendly, low-carbon, low in cost, harmless in byproducts during extinguishing, and does not cause secondary pollution, and can be widely popularized due to low price; and the ecological and environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent has good extinguishing speed and can be used for extinguishing in forests, oil fields, petrochemical plants, mines, grasslands, airports, stations, wharfs or new energy vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The preparation flowchart of the ecological and environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent in the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The application provides an ecological and environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in mass percentage:

[0033]

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the application does not have special requirements for the source of the raw materials, and commercially available goods known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0035] The ecological and environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent provided by the application comprises 28-39% of wheat xylose foaming agent, preferably 30-37% of wheat xylose foaming agent in mass percentage. In the application, the wheat xylose foaming agent is preferably purchased from Wheatoleo Company in France, and the type is preferably APPYCLEAN 6781. The wheat xylose foaming agent used in the application is: CAPRYLYL / CAPRYL WHEAT BRAN / STRAW GLYCOSIDES (NCI Name), CTFA, GRAS, ECOCERT, REACH pre-registration, which is obtained by fermentation of wheat shell and wheat straw, is a non-ionic surfactant, has foaming property, does not contain polyethylene glycol (PEG), is mild and non-irritating, has an HLB value of 13, a pH value of about 5-7, and has the effects of increasing the amount of foam, reducing the temperature and blocking oxygen. The wheat xylose foaming agent is used in the application.

[0036] The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention includes a solution of chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass with a mass percentage of 2 to 4%, preferably 2.5 to 3.5%. In the present invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide biomass preferably includes chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass preferably includes chitosan oligosaccharide; the polymerization degree of the chitosan oligosaccharide is preferably 2 to 20, and the molecular weight is preferably ≤3.2KDa. Chitosan oligosaccharide, also known as chitosan oligosaccharide, oligochitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, scientific name β-1,4-oligosaccharide-glucosamine, is an oligosaccharide product with a polymerization degree between 2 and 20 obtained by degrading chitosan through a special bioenzyme technology, with a molecular weight of ≤3.2KDa. It is a low-molecular-weight product with good water solubility (more than 99%) and high biological activity. It has a higher solubility that chitosan does not have. Chitosan oligosaccharide is the only positively charged cationic alkaline amino oligosaccharide in nature. It is an animal cellulose and can be used in food, medicine and other industries. Chitosan oligosaccharides are small-molecule oligosaccharides with amino groups, derived from the degradation of chitosan from shrimp and crab shells. They are sugar chains with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 20. Compared with chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharides have a smaller molecular weight. The smaller the molecular weight, the higher the dispersion and distribution, the better the water solubility, and the non-caking, flocculation, and blockage. There is no risk of inhalation when spraying, and chitosan oligosaccharides have high safety and quality stability.

[0037] In the present invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass is preferably used in the form of a chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass aqueous solution; the mass concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass aqueous solution is preferably 2.5-3.5%, more preferably 3-3.4%; the Baume degree of the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass is preferably 0.5-3.6°Bé, more preferably 1-2.5°Bé; the specific gravity of the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass is preferably 1.0036-1.0256, more preferably 1.01-1.02. In the present invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass plays a role in cutting off the energy of the fire source. At the same time, the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass can serve as a cationic surfactant to promote the uniform dispersion of the various components in the formula.

[0038] The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention comprises 4-7% by weight of nitrogen, preferably 6-7%. In the present invention, the nitrogen is preferably nitrogen. In the present invention, the nitrogen acts as a flame retardant and increases the pressure in the bottle.

[0039] The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention comprises 1-3% by weight of propylene glycol, preferably 1.5-2.5%. In the present invention, the propylene glycol plays a role of flame retardancy and antifreeze.

[0040] The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention comprises 53-58% water by weight, preferably 55-57%. In the present invention, the water is preferably pure water. In the present invention, the water plays a role in reducing the viscosity of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0041] In the present invention, the viscosity of the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent at an ambient temperature below 10°C is preferably 1.2-1.25 mPa·s, the viscosity at an ambient temperature of 10-35°C is preferably 1.15-1.2 mPa·s, and the viscosity at an ambient temperature of 36-52°C is preferably 1.15-1.18 mPa·s.

[0042] The present invention uses wheat xylose as a foaming agent, which is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. During firefighting, it can generate a large amount of fine foam, thereby reducing the temperature and blocking oxygen to achieve the firefighting effect. The chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass used can cut off the energy source of the fire. The nitrogen and propylene glycol used can provide flame retardant and antifreeze effects, further improving the firefighting effect. The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has environmentally friendly ingredients, does not produce harmful byproducts during firefighting, and does not cause secondary pollution. The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has a good fire extinguishing speed and can be used to extinguish fires in forests, oil fields, mines, grasslands, airports, stations, or docks.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0044] mixing a wheat xylose foaming agent, chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass, propylene glycol and water to obtain a mixed solution;

[0045] The mixed liquid and N2 are encapsulated in a container to obtain an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0046] In the present invention, the mixing is preferably:

[0047] Mixing the wheat xylose foaming agent and the first portion of water to obtain a foaming agent solution;

[0048] mixing the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass with a second portion of water to obtain a diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution;

[0049] The propylene glycol, the foaming agent solution, the diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution and the remaining water are mixed for a third time to obtain a mixed solution.

[0050] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the first portion of water, the second portion of water, and the remaining water is preferably 1:(1.01-1.03):(1.06-1.07), more preferably 1:1.03:1.06. The present invention has no particular limitation on the first mixing, second mixing, and third mixing processes, and the materials can be uniformly mixed using a mixing process well known in the art.

[0051] In the present invention, the container is preferably a high-pressure bottle; the pressure in the container after packaging is preferably 5-6 MPa, more preferably 5.5 MPa. The present invention has no special requirements for the packaging method, and any packaging method familiar to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0052] In the present invention, after packaging, the encapsulated eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent is preferably subjected to quality inspection, i.e., product inspection. The quality inspection is preferably conducted by sampling inspection. In the present invention, the quality inspection is conducted in accordance with the inspection and testing standards of China's GB4351-1997 "General Technical Requirements for Portable Fire Extinguishers."

[0053] The preparation process of the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 As shown, the present invention dilutes wheat xylose foaming agent and chitosan oligosaccharide with water and mixes them with propylene glycol, fills them into a high-pressure bottle, and then fills the high-pressure bottle with nitrogen, performs quality inspection, and obtains a finished product.

[0054] The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has ingredients that are eco-friendly, environmentally friendly, and carbon-reducing, and has low cost. It does not produce harmful byproducts when extinguishing a fire and does not cause secondary pollution. Due to its low price, it can be widely popularized. In addition, the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has a good fire extinguishing speed and can be used for extinguishing fires in forests, oil fields, petrochemical plants, mines, grasslands, airports, stations, docks, or new energy vehicles.

[0055] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0057] Prepare an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent according to the formulas in Table 1 and Table 2 as follows:

[0058] The wheat xylose foaming agent is first mixed with the first portion of water (the mass of which is 1.5 times the mass of the wheat xylose foaming agent) to obtain a foaming agent solution;

[0059] The chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution is mixed with a second portion of water (the mass of which is 1.6 times the mass of the chitosan-based biomass solution) to obtain a diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution;

[0060] The propylene glycol, the foaming agent solution, the diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution and the remaining water are mixed for the third time, wherein the mass ratio of the first portion of water, the second portion of water and the remaining water is 1:1.03:1.06 to obtain a mixed solution;

[0061] The mixture is filled into a high-pressure bottle, and then N2 is filled into the high-pressure bottle. When the pressure in the bottle reaches 5.5 MPa, the filling is completed to obtain an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0062] Table 1 Amount of raw materials used in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0063]

[0064] Table 2 Chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass used in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0065]

[0066] Comparative Example 6

[0067] Comparative Example 6 is a common water-based fire extinguishing agent available on the market, CCC certificate number: 2020081810000232, brand: Aomis / Aomis, model: MSWZ / 3 (main type), and its ingredients include fluorocarbon surfactants, stabilizers, flame retardants, foaming agents and other ingredients.

[0068] Performance Testing

[0069] The fire extinguishing speeds of the fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were tested. The test methods are shown in Table 3, and the test results are shown in Table 4.

[0070] Table 3 Fire extinguishing speed test method of fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6

[0071]

[0072] Table 4 Fire extinguishing speed of the fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] According to the compilation of special reports on the Design Specifications for Low-Expansion Foam Fire Extinguishing Systems (compiled in September 1989) and the data on medium-expansion foam fire extinguishing systems compiled by the former Ministry of Commerce Design Institute in October 1992, the supply intensity of low-expansion foam mixture is 5 to 7 L / (min·m 2 ), the mixing ratio is 3-6%, the pre-combustion time is 60-120s, and the fire extinguishing time is 3-5min; the supply intensity of the medium-expansion foam mixture is 4-4.4L (min·m 2 ), the mixing ratio is 8%, the pre-combustion time is 60 to 90 seconds, and the fire extinguishing time is 1 to 2 minutes. 2 ), the fire extinguishing time of the medium-expansion protein foam mixture was 124 seconds; the fire extinguishing time of the low-expansion protein foam mixture was 459 seconds; and the fire extinguishing time of the low-expansion fluoroprotein foam mixture was 270 seconds. As shown in Table 4, the above embodiments and comparative examples show that the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has a good fire extinguishing speed.

[0076] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention rather than all the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it is composed of the following components: Wheat xylose foaming agent 28~39%; Chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass 2-4%; N2 4~7%； Propylene glycol 1~3%; Water 53~58%; The chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass includes chitosan oligosaccharide; the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass has a Baume degree of 0.5 to 3.6°Bé; and the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass has a specific gravity of 1.0036 to 1.0256; The chitosan oligosaccharide has a degree of polymerization of 2 to 20 and a molecular weight of ≤3.2 KDa; The wheat xylose foaming agent was purchased from Wheatoleo Company of France, and the model number was APPYCLEAN 6781.

2. The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The N2 is nitrogen.

3. The eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viscosity of the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent is 1.2-1.25 mPa·s at an ambient temperature below 10°C, 1.15-1.2 mPa·s at an ambient temperature of 10-35°C, and 1.15-1.18 mPa·s at an ambient temperature of 36-52°C.

4. The method for preparing the eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: mixing a wheat xylose foaming agent, chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass, propylene glycol and water to obtain a mixed solution; The mixed liquid and N2 are encapsulated in a container to obtain an eco-friendly foam fire extinguishing agent.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The mixing is: Mixing the wheat xylose foaming agent and the first portion of water to obtain a foaming agent solution; mixing the chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass with a second portion of water to obtain a diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution; The propylene glycol, the foaming agent solution, the diluted chitosan oligosaccharide-based biomass solution and the remaining water are mixed for a third time to obtain a mixed solution.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that The mass ratio of the first portion of water, the second portion of water and the remaining water is 1:(1.01-1.03):(1.06-1.07).

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The pressure in the packaged container is 5-6 MPa; the container is high pressure.

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