A melt-casting mold with a flame-proof layer composite charge and a casting forming process
By designing a composite charge mold with an explosion-proof layer and a step-by-step casting process, the manufacturing problem of composite charge molds was solved, and the quality of the propellant grains was improved, as well as the safety and economy of mass production were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410093859.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-01-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing molds are insufficient to realize composite charge structures, traditional die casting equipment is expensive and dangerous, the quality of cast propellant columns is difficult to guarantee, and there is a lack of safe and reliable composite charge molds and casting methods suitable for mass production.
Design a composite charge mold with an explosion-proof layer, including inner and outer charge molds. Employ a step-by-step casting process, increasing pressure through secondary heating and multiple castings to improve the quality of the charge. The mold is simple to assemble, inexpensive, and suitable for mass production.
This method achieves uniform density and bonding strength between the inner and outer layers of the composite propellant column, reduces processing risks and costs, and improves propellant column quality and production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN118084588B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a charge preparation technology, in particular to a melting and casting mold and a casting process for a composite charge with a flameproof layer. Background Art
[0002] Composite charges, as a charge method for controlling the power of warheads, have been widely used in many warhead engineering tests. Both domestic and international scholars have conducted extensive research on composite charges. In 1987, the French Explosives and Pyrotechnics Company first proposed the concept of a dual-component composite charge. This concept uses two composite explosives in a charge structure, either inner or outer layers or stacked one on top of the other. Different charge structures are employed based on target characteristics or ammunition insensitivity requirements, effectively improving the explosive damage performance or reducing the vulnerability of the ammunition. In recent years, guided by the concept of asymmetric warfare, a complete detonation of the main charge in urban warfare or peacekeeping operations is undesirable, firstly to reduce collateral damage and secondly to avoid escalation of conflict. Therefore, warheads with adjustable damage power, which can both improve operational adaptability and flexibility while reducing logistical burdens, have become a hot topic of research.
[0003] At present, the commonly used charging methods are: melt-cast charging method, press-charge method, spiral charging method, step-by-step press-charge method, plastic charging method, and casting charging method. At this stage, most of the existing molds are single charging molds, and there is a lack of molds that can realize composite charging structures. The die-casting equipment required for traditional die-cast charge columns is expensive, and the pressing process and the composite charge column assembly process are very dangerous. The existing melt-cast charge column processing technology is difficult to guarantee the quality of the melt-cast charge column, and the quality of the charge is directly related to the power of the warhead and the safety of use at all stages of the charge. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field to provide a step-by-step melt-cast charge column mold and casting method for composite charge columns with explosion-proof layers to improve the uniformity of the density of the inner and outer layers of the composite charge column during the melt-casting molding process and the bonding force between the inner and outer layers of the charge column. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a melting and casting mold and casting process for composite charges with explosion-proof layers, which has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, suitability for batch production, safe and reliable casting process, few defects in the prepared charge column, and high casting density.
[0005] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is: a melting casting mold and casting molding process for a composite charge with an explosion-proof layer, the mold comprising an inner layer charge mold and an outer layer charge mold, the inner layer charge mold comprising an explosion-proof layer upper mold, an explosion-proof layer clamp, an explosion-proof layer base, and an explosion-proof layer fixing ring to prepare the inner layer charge; the outer layer charge mold comprising an outer layer upper mold, an outer layer clamp, an outer shell, and an outer shell base to prepare the inner layer charge; the assembly order of the inner layer charge mold is to place the explosion-proof layer upper mold directly above the explosion-proof layer and coaxially cooperate with the explosion-proof layer, the inner wall of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring is tightly attached to the explosion-proof layer, the explosion-proof layer base and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring are tightly attached together, and the explosion-proof layer clamp clamps the explosion-proof layer and the explosion-proof layer upper mold; the assembly order of the outer layer charge mold is to place the explosion-proof layer in the middle of the positioning ring in the center of the outer layer base, the outer shell is placed in the outer shell base, the outer layer upper mold is placed directly above the outer shell, and the outer layer clamp clamps the outer layer upper mold and the outer shell.
[0006] The casting molding process adopts a step-by-step casting charging method. The casting molding process includes the following steps: the first step is to cast and prepare the inner layer charge; the inner layer charge adopts a high explosive mixture based on TNT, which is heated in a water bath to make it into a molten state and stirred evenly, the inner layer charge mold is weighed and recorded, and then the water bath oven temperature is set to 80℃±5℃, and the inner layer charge mold and the explosion-proof layer are placed in a water bath oven for half an hour. After half an hour, the inner layer charge mold is taken out and assembled, and the evenly stirred molten mixture is cast into the inner layer charge mold, and it is allowed to stand at room temperature until the inner layer charge is completely solidified, the explosion-proof layer clamp is removed, and the inner layer charge mold is placed in a water bath oven and heated until the explosion-proof layer upper mold can fall off freely, and the inner layer charge mold is taken out from the water bath oven, and the explosion-proof layer upper mold is removed, and it is allowed to stand at room temperature until the inner layer charge is completely solidified, and the explosion-proof layer base and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring are removed, and the inner The protruding part of the inner charge is sawed off with a copper saw under water flow, and the inner charge density is weighed and calculated; the second step is to cast and prepare the outer charge; the outer charge uses a high-explosive mixture based on TNT, which is heated in a water bath to a molten state and stirred evenly, the outer charge mold is weighed and recorded, and then the outer charge mold is placed in a water bath oven at 80℃±5℃ for half an hour. After half an hour, the outer charge mold is taken out and assembled, and the evenly stirred molten mixture is cast into the outer charge mold, and allowed to stand at room temperature until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain the primary grain. The outer clamp is removed, and the primary grain is placed in a tray, and placed together in a water bath oven and heated until the outer upper mold can fall off freely. The outer charge mold is taken out, and the outer upper mold is removed. It is allowed to stand at room temperature until the mixture is completely solidified, and the protruding part of the upper layer of the grain is sawed off with a copper saw under water flow, weighed and calculated the density of the outer charge.
[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:
[0008] (1) The present invention is based on the study and innovation of traditional melt-casting technology. On the basis of the existing single charge, a melt-casting mold and casting process of a composite charge with an explosion-proof layer are designed. The present invention solves the problem of difficult assembly of the composite charge by the step-by-step casting method. The quality of the charge is improved by secondary heating and adding an upper mold to cast more parts, and the pressure is increased by casting more parts.
[0009] (2) The present invention is simple to operate, easy to process, simple to assemble, low in cost, and can be mass-produced. The required equipment is inexpensive, the processing risk is low, and batch production of composite charges can be achieved. The care time and care cost of the charge are relatively short.
[0010] (3) Through the actual casting of the powder column, after the excess part is cut off, the cross-section quality is good, and there is no obvious shrinkage cavity. Through calculation, it can be obtained that the charge density of the inner and outer layers is almost the same, and the charge density is higher. The data obtained from the experiment show that the powder column cast by the present invention can achieve the expected purpose. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 The figure is a front view of an inner layer charge mold of a molten casting mold with a composite charge of an explosion-proof layer in one embodiment.
[0012] Figure 2 This is a front view of an outer layer charge mold of a molten casting mold with a flameproof layer composite charge in one embodiment.
[0013] In the figure: 1- explosion-proof layer upper mold, 2- explosion-proof layer fixture, 3- explosion-proof layer base, 4- explosion-proof layer fixing ring, outer layer upper mold, 6- outer layer fixture, 7- shell, 8- shell base.
[0014] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of inner layer charge in one embodiment.
[0015] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of outer charge in one embodiment.
[0016] Figure 5 This is an assembly diagram of the outer upper mold, outer shell and outer shell base in one embodiment.
[0017] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional view of the housing base in one embodiment.
[0018] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the explosion-proof layer base in one embodiment.
[0019] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the flameproof layer fixing ring in one embodiment.
[0020] Figure 9A three-dimensional diagram of a fixture used for outer charge in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The following will further describe in detail a melting and casting mold and a casting process of a composite charge with an explosion-proof layer according to the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings and working principles of the present invention.
[0022] Combine Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides a melting and casting mold with a composite charge of an explosion-proof layer, which includes two parts: an inner layer charge mold and an outer layer charge mold. The inner layer charge mold includes an explosion-proof layer upper mold 1, an explosion-proof layer clamp 2, an explosion-proof layer base 3, and an explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 to prepare the inner layer charge; the outer layer charge mold includes an outer layer upper mold 5, an outer layer clamp 6, an outer shell 7, and an outer shell base 8 to prepare the inner layer charge.
[0023] The explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 is a thin-walled cylinder, the explosion-proof layer clamp 2 is a clamping ring, and the inner wall of its top surface is provided with a circle of first limiting bosses. The explosion-proof layer base 3 is a cylindrical shell with an open top surface and a closed bottom surface. The lower end of the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 extends into the explosion-proof layer base 3 and contacts the bottom surface of the explosion-proof layer base 3. The explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 is sleeved on the outer wall of the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 and contacts the inner wall of the top surface of the explosion-proof layer base 3 to prevent the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 from tilting; the explosion-proof layer clamp 2 is fixed to the upper part of the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1, and the bottom surface of the first limiting boss is flush with the top surface of the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1.
[0024] The inner and outer diameters of the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 are the same as the inner and outer diameters of the explosion-proof layer, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer fixture 2 is the same as the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer base 3 is much larger than the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer base 3 is the same as the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 is the same as the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer, a circular thin-walled structure is provided at the center of the lower end of the outer shell base 8, the inner diameter of the circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer, and the inner diameter of the cylinder of the outer shell base 8 is the same as the outer diameter of the second cylinder of the outer shell 7.
[0025] The outer upper mold 5 is a thin-walled cylinder, and its inner wall is provided with a demoulding slope, making the inner wall narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, with a demoulding slope of 3°. The outer clamp 6 is a clamping ring, and its top inner wall is provided with a circle of second limiting bosses. The outer shell 7 is a cylinder, which is composed of a first cylinder and a second cylinder from top to bottom. The first cylinder and the second cylinder have the same inner diameter, and the outer diameter of the first cylinder is smaller than that of the second cylinder. The purpose of designing the first cylinder is to cooperate with the detonator seat to ensure that the detonator seat is located directly above the explosive column during detonation. The shell base 8 is a cylindrical shell with an open top and a closed bottom. A thin-walled positioning ring is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the shell base 8 for positioning the inner layer charge. The lower end of the shell 7 extends into the shell base 8 and contacts the bottom surface of the shell base 8. The outer clamp 6 is fixed to the upper part of the outer upper mold 5, and the bottom surface of the second limiting boss is flush with the top surface of the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1.
[0026] The present invention provides an embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the casting process includes the following steps:
[0027] Step 1: Casting to prepare the inner layer charge:
[0028] The inner charge is a TNT-based high-explosive mixture, which is heated in a water bath to a molten state and stirred evenly. The inner charge mold is weighed and recorded, and then the water bath oven temperature is set to 80℃±5℃. The inner charge mold and the explosion-proof layer are placed in the water bath oven and baked for half an hour to prevent shrinkage holes from appearing in the center of the charge column. After half an hour, the inner charge mold is taken out and assembled. The evenly stirred molten mixture is cast into the inner charge mold and allowed to stand at room temperature until the inner charge is completely solidified. The explosion-proof layer fixture 2 is removed, and the inner charge mold is placed in a water bath oven and heated until the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 can fall off freely. The inner charge mold is taken out of the water bath oven and the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 is removed. The inner charge is allowed to stand at room temperature until the inner charge is completely solidified. The explosion-proof layer base 3 and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 are removed. The protruding part of the inner charge is sawed off with a copper saw under water flow, weighed, and the inner charge density is calculated.
[0029] Step 2: Casting to prepare the outer charge:
[0030] The outer layer charge uses a high explosive mixture based on TNT, which is heated in a water bath to a molten state and stirred evenly. The outer layer charge mold is weighed and recorded, and then the outer layer charge mold is placed in a water bath oven at 80℃±5℃ for half an hour. After half an hour, the outer layer charge mold is taken out and assembled. The evenly stirred molten mixture is cast into the outer layer charge mold and allowed to stand at room temperature until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain the primary charge column. The outer layer fixture 6 is removed, and the primary charge column is placed in a tray and placed together in a water bath oven and heated until the outer layer upper mold 5 can fall off freely. The outer layer charge mold is taken out, and the outer layer upper mold 5 is removed. It is allowed to stand at room temperature until the mixture is completely solidified. The protruding part of the upper layer of the charge column is sawed off with a copper saw under water flow, and the outer layer charge density is weighed and calculated.
[0031] Furthermore, the assembly order of the inner mold is to place the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 just above the explosion-proof layer and cooperate with the explosion-proof layer coaxially. The explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 has a 3° demoulding angle. The inner wall of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 is tightly attached to the explosion-proof layer. The explosion-proof layer base 3 and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 are tightly attached together. The explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 plays a fixing role. A separate explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4 is set instead of being fixed on the bottom surface. This is to better separate the inner layer charge column from the bottom surface after melting and casting, and to prevent the explosion-proof layer base 3 from being unable to fall off. There are four long holes on the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4. In order to avoid the thermal expansion during the casting process which may cause deformation of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring 4, and then cause the explosion-proof layer to tilt, affecting the quality of the inner layer charge, the explosion-proof layer clamp 2 is tightly attached to the explosion-proof layer and the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1. The inner layer charge clamp not only plays the role of clamping and fixing, but also plays the role of forcing the explosion-proof layer and the explosion-proof layer upper mold 1 to be coaxial; the assembly order of the outer layer mold is to place the explosion-proof layer with the inner layer charge in the middle of the positioning ring in the center of the outer layer base, the outer shell is placed in the outer shell base 8, the outer layer upper mold is placed directly above the outer shell, and the outer layer charge clamp tightens the outer layer upper mold and the outer shell mold.
[0032] like Figures 5 to 9 As shown, the explosion-proof layer clamp 2 and the outer layer clamp 6 are composed of two symmetrical left and right clamps, a rotating shaft and three fastening bolts; a boss is provided on the inner wall of the top layer of the clamp, which serves to limit the position of the clamp and level the clamp. One side of the clamp is connected to the rotating shaft, and the other side is provided with two fastening plates perpendicular to the boss. The two fastening plates are parallel and have a certain distance between them to achieve the effect of normal clamping of the clamp.
[0033] An embodiment provided by the present invention is as follows Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a high-explosive aluminum-containing explosive with TNT as a carrier is actually melt-cast by a melting and casting mold and casting molding process provided by the present invention to obtain some real powder column samples. Through weighing and calculation, it can be obtained that the casting density of the inner and outer layers of the powder column processed by the present invention is almost the same.
Claims
1. A casting mold with a composite charge with an explosion-proof layer, characterized by: The invention comprises two parts: an inner layer charge mold and an outer layer charge mold. The inner layer charge mold comprises an explosion-proof layer upper mold (1), an explosion-proof layer clamp (2), an explosion-proof layer base (3), and an explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) to prepare the inner layer charge; the outer layer charge mold comprises an outer layer upper mold (5), an outer layer clamp (6), an outer shell (7), and an outer shell base (8) to prepare the outer layer charge; The explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) is a thin-walled cylinder, the explosion-proof layer clamp (2) is a clamping ring, and a circle of first limiting bosses are provided on the inner wall of the top surface thereof. The explosion-proof layer base (3) is a cylindrical shell with an open top surface and a closed bottom surface. The lower end of the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) extends into the explosion-proof layer base (3) and contacts the bottom surface of the explosion-proof layer base (3). The explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) is sleeved on the outer wall of the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) and contacts the inner wall of the top surface of the explosion-proof layer base (3) to prevent the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) from tilting. The explosion-proof layer clamp (2) is fixed on the upper part of the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1), and the bottom surface of the first limiting boss is flush with the top surface of the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1). The assembly order of the inner layer charge mold is to place the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) right above the explosion-proof layer and coaxially match it with the explosion-proof layer, the inner wall of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) is tightly attached to the explosion-proof layer, the explosion-proof layer base (3) and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) are tightly attached together, and the explosion-proof layer clamp (2) clamps the explosion-proof layer and the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1); The outer upper mold (5) is a thin-walled cylinder, and its inner wall is provided with a mold withdrawal slope so that the inner wall is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top; the outer clamp (6) is a clamp ring, and its top inner wall is provided with a circle of second limiting bosses, and the outer shell (7) is a cylinder, which is composed of a first cylinder and a second cylinder from top to bottom, the first cylinder and the second cylinder have the same inner diameter, and the outer diameter of the first cylinder is smaller than the second cylinder; the outer shell base (8) is a cylindrical shell with an open top and a closed bottom, and a thin-walled positioning ring is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the outer shell base (8) for positioning the inner layer charge, and the lower end of the outer shell (7) extends into the outer shell base (8) and contacts the bottom surface of the outer shell base (8), and the outer clamp (6) is fixed to the upper part of the outer upper mold (5), and the bottom surface of the second limiting boss is flush with the top surface of the outer upper mold (5).
2. The casting mold with explosion-proof composite charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer diameters of the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) correspond to the inner and outer diameters of the prepared inner layer charge, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer fixture (2) is the same as the outer diameter of the prepared inner layer charge, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer base (3) is larger than the outer diameter of the prepared inner layer charge, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer base (3) is the same as the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4), and the inner diameter of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) is the same as the outer diameter of the prepared inner layer charge.
3. The casting mold with explosion-proof composite charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular thin-walled structure is provided at the center of the lower end of the shell base (8), the inner diameter of the circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the explosion-proof layer, and the inner diameter of the cylinder of the shell base (8) is the same as the outer diameter of the second cylinder of the shell (7).
4. The casting mold with explosion-proof composite charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demoulding slope of the inner wall of the outer upper mold (5) is 3°.
5. The casting process of a casting mold with a composite charge with an explosion-proof layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The charging method of step-by-step casting is adopted, and the casting process includes the following steps: Step 1: Casting to prepare the inner layer charge: The inner charge is a high explosive mixture based on TNT, which is heated in a water bath to a molten state and stirred evenly. The inner charge mold is weighed and recorded, and then the water bath oven temperature is set at 80℃±5℃, and the inner charge mold and the explosion-proof layer are placed in the water bath oven for half an hour. After half an hour, the inner charge mold is taken out and assembled. The evenly stirred molten mixture is cast into the inner charge mold and allowed to stand at room temperature until the inner charge is completely solidified. The explosion-proof layer fixture (2) is removed, and the inner charge mold is placed in a water bath oven and heated until the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) can fall off freely. The inner charge mold is taken out of the water bath oven and the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) is removed. It is allowed to stand at room temperature until the inner charge is completely solidified. The explosion-proof layer base (3) and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) are removed. The protruding part of the inner charge is sawed off with a copper saw under water flow, and the inner charge density is weighed and calculated. Step 2: Casting to prepare the outer charge: The outer charge is a high explosive mixture based on TNT, which is heated in a water bath to a molten state and stirred evenly. The outer charge mold is weighed and recorded, and then the outer charge mold is placed in a water bath oven at 80℃±5℃ for half an hour. After half an hour, the outer charge mold is taken out and assembled. The evenly stirred molten mixture is cast into the outer charge mold and allowed to stand at room temperature until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain the primary charge column. The outer clamp (6) is removed, and the primary charge column is placed in a tray and placed together in a water bath oven and heated until the outer upper mold (5) can fall off freely. The outer charge mold is taken out and the outer upper mold (5) is removed. The mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature until the mixture is completely solidified. The protruding part of the upper layer of the charge column is sawed off with a copper saw under water flow, and the outer charge density is weighed and calculated.
6. The casting process of the molten casting mold with explosion-proof composite charge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The assembly sequence of the inner charge mold is as follows: The explosion-proof layer upper mold (1) is placed just above the explosion-proof layer and is coaxially matched with the explosion-proof layer. The inner wall of the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) is tightly attached to the explosion-proof layer. The explosion-proof layer base (3) and the explosion-proof layer fixing ring (4) are tightly attached together. The explosion-proof layer clamp (2) clamps the explosion-proof layer and the explosion-proof layer upper mold (1).
7. The casting process of the molten casting mold with a composite charge with an explosion-proof layer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The assembly sequence of the outer charge mold is as follows: The explosion-proof layer with the inner charge is placed in the positioning ring at the center of the shell base (8), the shell (7) is placed in the shell base (8), the outer layer upper mold (5) is placed directly above the shell (7), and the outer layer clamp (6) clamps the outer layer upper mold (5) and the shell (7).