A large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism and grading damping method

Abstract

The application discloses a large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism and a grading damping method. The large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism is detachably installed between a main beam and a pier, a support is installed between the main beam and the pier, a gap is formed between the main beam and the pier, the large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism is located in the gap, and two ends of the large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism are detachably installed at the bottom of the main beam and the top of the pier. The large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism comprises a damper and damping material, and the damping material is placed in a container. The container is a barrel-shaped structure with an opening at one end. Correspondingly, the opening faces the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam. The damper is oppositely arranged with the container, and one end of the damper is correspondingly detachably installed at the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam. The other end of the damper extends into the damping material through the opening. The large-span arch bridge grading damping mechanism disclosed by the application can realize three-stage damping energy dissipation, is easy to repair and reusable after a small earthquake, is easy to disassemble and replace after a large earthquake, and has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, specifically to a graded vibration reduction mechanism and method for long-span arch bridges. Background Technology

[0002] Shear failure of fixed supports and pull-out of movable supports are common types of bridge damage under seismic loading. To ensure the safety of the supports themselves and the bridge structure under seismic loading, energy dissipation and damping technology can be used to dissipate seismic energy. This technology increases structural damping by introducing energy-dissipating devices. When the controlled structure vibrates, the energy-dissipating devices absorb the kinetic energy of the structure and dissipate it through friction and plastic deformation of the materials. These devices can be installed between the main beam and the piers (abutments, towers). When an earthquake occurs, most of the seismic energy will be absorbed and dissipated by the devices, reducing the seismic energy transferred to the superstructure. This not only reduces the inertial force on the beam, preventing serious damage to the substructure, but also reduces beam displacement, keeping it within acceptable limits.

[0003] Currently, the most commonly used energy dissipation devices in bridge structures are various damping devices, including displacement-dependent dampers and velocity-dependent energy dissipators. However, these damping devices can often only reduce vibrations for a single magnitude or a small range of magnitude variations. They lack adaptable damping methods for larger span magnitude variations during a single tremor or for magnitude differences between multiple tremors. This can lead to the damping devices prematurely dissipating some energy under smaller magnitudes, leaving them with less energy dissipation capacity reserves, which is detrimental to the bridge's seismic resistance in subsequent aftershocks or large earthquakes.

[0004] In addition, damping devices in existing technologies are often difficult to disassemble and replace. If the damping device itself is damaged, the damaged damping device will be unable to reduce the vibration that may occur later, which will easily cause the damping measures in this part to fail.

[0005] In addition, the seismic isolation system of long-span arch bridges is prone to main beam detachment due to bearing slippage during earthquakes, which requires high ductility of damping devices. However, the ductility of existing damping devices cannot meet the requirements, and increasing the number of damping devices to meet the ductility requirements will also lead to insufficient working surface for damping device installation.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical issues, it is necessary to improve the damping devices suitable for bridges, enabling them to achieve graded vibration reduction, simultaneously handling both low and high magnitude earthquakes, and facilitating easy replacement in the event of structural damage. This also aims to ensure easy maintenance after minor earthquakes without reducing energy storage capacity, and easy replacement after damage from major earthquakes. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a graded damping mechanism and method for long-span arch bridges, in order to solve the technical problems that existing damping devices can only dampen vibrations for single magnitudes or magnitudes that vary within a small range. They lack adaptability to damping methods that address magnitude variations over a large span during a single vibration or magnitude differences across multiple vibrations. Furthermore, under smaller magnitudes, the damping device may prematurely dissipate some energy, making it difficult to maintain and reduce its energy storage capacity after a minor earthquake. Alternatively, after a major earthquake, the damping device itself may be structurally damaged, making it difficult to reuse, disassemble, and replace.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] Firstly, based on the technical problems solved above, the present invention discloses a graded vibration damping mechanism for a large-span arch bridge, which is detachably installed between the main beam and the pier. A support is installed between the main beam and the pier, so that there is a gap between the main beam and the pier. The graded vibration damping mechanism for the large-span arch bridge is located in the gap, and its two ends are detachably installed at the bottom of the main beam and the top of the pier, respectively.

[0010] The graded vibration reduction mechanism for the long-span arch bridge includes a damper and a damping material, wherein the damping material is placed in a container;

[0011] The container is a barrel-shaped structure with an opening at one end. The bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container can be detachably installed on the bottom of the main beam or the top of the pier. Correspondingly, the opening faces the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam.

[0012] The damper is positioned opposite the container, and one end of the damper is detachably installed on the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam.

[0013] The other end of the damper extends into the damping material through the opening; when no vibration occurs, there is a gap between the end of the damper that extends into the damping material and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container;

[0014] When vibration occurs, the graded vibration reduction mechanism for the long-span arch bridge realizes the function of graded vibration reduction for the bridge.

[0015] Specifically, the graded vibration reduction function is achieved through the following process: When vibration occurs and the magnitude is relatively small, a first-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process occurs. At this time, the damper can generate compression and friction with the damping material in the container. The damper is not in contact with the bottom of the container's barrel structure and has not yielded. The first-stage vibration reduction process mainly dissipates energy through compression and friction between the damper and the damping material. As the magnitude increases, the damper contacts the bottom of the container's barrel structure and enters the yielding and failure stage. At this time, the energy is mainly dissipated by the plastic action of the damper, which is the second-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process. As the magnitude further increases, the damper suffers structural damage, leading to its own structural failure. At this time, the system's vibration energy is mainly consumed by friction and compression between the damping materials, which is the third-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process. This invention achieves graded vibration reduction for bridges during vibration through a three-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the damper, the damper has a hollow cylindrical column body, one end of which is closed along the central axis, and the other end of which is fixed with a base, which is used for detachable installation on the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam.

[0017] The base has a through opening at its center, which is connected to the hollow interior of the column. The center point of the through opening is located on the extension line of the central axis of the column. A force-transmitting ball is fixed at the top of the column. The force-transmitting ball is a solid structure, and the end of the force-transmitting ball away from the column has a flat surface.

[0018] As one way to install the damper on the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam, the base is provided with multiple mounting holes for inserting bolts into the mounting holes, and the bolts are used to fix the corresponding pier top or the bottom of the main beam.

[0019] As a preferred option for the damper, the internal hollow cross-section of the column is circular. This design is to ensure that the damper can achieve limiting in all aspects and has the same damping performance.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the damper, the column is a hollow variable cross-section conical column structure, and the diameter of the internal hollow cross-section and the diameter of the outer circumferential cross-section of the column gradually increase from the force transmission ball to the base.

[0021] To address the existing technical problems of displacement-dependent dampers and velocity-dependent energy dissipators, namely the difficulty in replacing metal dampers in bridge bearings after vibration occurs with displacement-dependent dampers, and the high requirements for the manufacturing process of the viscous liquid added to the device and the difficulty in replacing velocity-dependent energy dissipators at bridge bearings after vibration, a preferred installation method for a graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges is proposed. The container's barrel-shaped structure has a detachable bottom mounted on the top of the pier. A cover is provided at the container's opening, covering the opening and allowing for opening and closing to replace or replenish the damping material inside. The damper is positioned opposite the container, and a first through-hole is provided on the cover, through which the damper extends into the container. The base of the damper remains outside the container and is installed at the bottom of the main beam.

[0022] After the vibration ends, if the damping material has leaked or been damaged, the cover can be opened to replace or replenish the damping material in the container, thus solving the aforementioned technical problem of the difficulty in replacing the damping material.

[0023] As a preferred option for damping material, the damping material filled in the container is a non-Newtonian fluid material.

[0024] As another preferred solution for the installation of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges, the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure can be detachably installed at the bottom of the main beam, and a movable plate is provided at the opening of the container. The movable plate can cover the opening, and the area of ​​the movable plate is larger than the area of ​​the opening.

[0025] The main beam has a first feeding hole at its bottom. Corresponding to the first feeding hole, the container has a second feeding hole at its bottom. A plug is placed in the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The outer circumference of the plug is interference-fitted with the inner wall of the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The plug can be pulled out for replacing or replenishing the damping material in the container.

[0026] The damper is positioned opposite the container. A second through hole is provided on the movable plate. The damper extends into the container through the second through hole. The base of the damper is placed outside the container and installed on the top of the bridge pier.

[0027] The damping material is a solid granular material, and the particle size of the solid granular material is no greater than 2 to 4 mesh.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the container, a stop is fixed to the inner circumference of the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container, which is used to cause the damper to collide with the stop and dissipate energy through plastic deformation during vibration.

[0029] Secondly, this invention also discloses a graded vibration reduction method for long-span arch bridges, which utilizes the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges described above to achieve a three-stage vibration reduction and energy dissipation process, including:

[0030] During the first stage of vibration damping and energy dissipation, compression and friction occur between the damper and the damping material. At this time, the damper does not contact the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure, and the damper does not yield.

[0031] In the second stage of damping and energy dissipation, the damper contacts the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure and enters the yielding and failure stage. At this time, the energy is dissipated by utilizing the plasticity of the damper.

[0032] In the third stage of vibration damping and energy dissipation, the damper suffers structural damage, leading to its own structural failure. At this point, energy is dissipated by the friction and compression between the damping materials.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The graded damping mechanism for large-span arch bridges disclosed in this invention utilizes the compression and friction between the damper and the damping material, the contact between the damper and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container, and the yielding and failure stages. After the damper suffers structural damage and its own structural failure, the friction and compression between the damping materials are used to achieve the function of three-level damping and energy dissipation, thereby reducing the damage caused by earthquakes and improving the overall damping performance of the bridge. At the same time, the graded damping mechanism for large-span arch bridges disclosed in this invention is detachably connected to the bottom of the main beam or the top of the pier. Moreover, it has a simple structure and is easy to install. It can be easily repaired and reused after minor earthquakes, and easily disassembled and replaced after major earthquakes. This enables the repeated use and timely repair of the graded damping mechanism for large-span arch bridges, so as to maintain the continuous operation of the original damping function modules of the bridge design. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention clearer, the invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position relationship and partial cross-section of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the damper in Example 2.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the damper in Example 2.

[0040] Figure 6 The graph shows a comparison of the hysteresis curves of quartz sand with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh and quartz sand mixtures with different particle sizes in Example 1.

[0041] Figure 7 The first loading result of SRPD for quartz sand material with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh, as used in Example 1.

[0042] Figure 8 The second loading result of SRPD is shown for quartz sand material with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh used in Example 1.

[0043] Figure 9 The results of the third loading of SRPD are shown for the quartz sand material with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh used in Example 1.

[0044] Figure 10 The results of the fourth loading of SRPD are shown for the quartz sand material with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh used in Example 1.

[0045] Figure 11 The SRPD of the silica sand material with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh used in Example 1 was subjected to multiple loadings. d Comparison chart.

[0046] Figure 12 The first loading result of SRPD using a multi-size quartz sand mixture in Example 1.

[0047] Figure 13 The second loading result of SRPD using a multi-size quartz sand mixture in Example 1.

[0048] Figure 14 The third loading result of SRPD using a multi-size quartz sand mixture in Example 1.

[0049] Figure 15 The results of the fourth loading of SRPD using a multi-size quartz sand mixture in Example 1 are shown.

[0050] Figure 16 For the SRPD of Example 1, which uses a multi-size quartz sand mixture, multiple loadings were performed. d Comparison chart.

[0051] Figure 17 This is the loading result of SRDP during normal use in Example 1.

[0052] Figure 18 This is the loading result of SRDP after the first repair in Example 1.

[0053] Figure 19This is the loading result of SRDP after the second repair in Example 1.

[0054] Figure 20 This is the loading result of SRDP after the third repair in Example 1.

[0055] Figure 21 This is the loading result of SRDP after the fourth repair in Example 1.

[0056] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram comparing the device Ed before and after repair in Example 1.

[0057] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram comparing the hysteresis curves of a hollow damper and a solid damper in Example 2.

[0058] Figure 24 The scaling device in Example 3 uses SRPD with 6-8 mesh quartz sand particles as damping material and has been subjected to multiple loadings.

[0059] Figure 25 The scaling device in Example 3 uses lightweight ceramic particle damping material and is subjected to multiple loading results of SRPD.

[0060] Figure 26 The scaling device in Example 3 uses a mixture of 2-4 mesh quartz sand and dimethylcyclosiloxane as the SRPD loading result.

[0061] Figure 27 The scaling device in Example 3 uses a mixture of 2-4 mesh quartz sand and lightweight ceramsite as the result of multiple loadings of the SRPD.

[0062] Figure 28 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for a large-span arch bridge in Example 4.

[0063] Figure 29 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for a large-span arch bridge in Example 4.

[0064] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position relationship and partial cross-section of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for a large-span arch bridge in Example 4.

[0065] Figure 31 for Figure 30 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0066] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, main beam; 200, support; 300, graded damping mechanism for large-span arch bridge; 301, cover; 302, damper; 3021, base; 3022, column; 3023, force transmission ball; 3024, mounting hole; 3025, through opening; 303, damping material; 304, container; 305, stop block; 306, bolt; 307, plug; 308, movable plate; 400, pier. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," etc., do not indicate that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0069] This invention can be applied to the field of bridge vibration reduction, solving the technical problems that existing damping devices can only reduce vibration for single magnitude or small-range magnitude variations. They lack adaptability to large-span magnitude variations during a single vibration or magnitude differences during multiple vibrations. Under smaller magnitudes, the damping device dissipates some energy prematurely, making it difficult to maintain and reducing energy storage capacity after small earthquakes. Alternatively, after large earthquakes, the damping device itself may be damaged, making it difficult to reuse, disassemble, and replace.

[0070] Firstly, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention discloses a graded vibration damping mechanism for a long-span arch bridge, which is detachably installed between the main beam 100 and the pier 400. A support 200 is installed between the main beam 100 and the pier 400, so that there is a gap between the main beam 100 and the pier 400. The graded vibration damping mechanism 300 is located in the gap, and its two ends are detachably installed at the bottom of the main beam 100 and the top of the pier 400, respectively.

[0071] The graded damping mechanism 300 for the long-span arch bridge includes a damper 302 and a damping material 303, wherein the damping material 303 is placed in a container 304.

[0072] The container 304 is a barrel-shaped structure with an opening at one end. The bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304 can be detachably installed on the bottom of the main beam 100 or the top of the pier 400. Correspondingly, the opening faces the top of the pier 400 or the bottom of the main beam 100.

[0073] The damper 302 is positioned opposite the container 304, and one end of the damper 302 is detachably installed on the top of the pier 400 or the bottom of the main beam 100.

[0074] The other end of the damper 302 extends into the damping material 303 through the opening; when no vibration occurs, there is a gap between the end of the damper 302 extending into the damping material 303 and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304.

[0075] When vibration occurs, the graded vibration reduction mechanism 300 for the long-span arch bridge realizes the function of graded vibration reduction for the bridge.

[0076] Specifically, the graded vibration reduction function is achieved through the following process: When vibration occurs and the magnitude is small, a first-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process is generated. At this time, the damper 302 can generate compression and friction with the damping material 303 in the container 304. At this time, the damper 302 is not in contact with the bottom of the barrel structure of the container 304, and the damper 302 has not yielded. The first-stage vibration reduction process mainly dissipates energy through compression and friction between the damper 302 and the damping material 303. As the magnitude increases, the damper 302 contacts the bottom of the barrel structure of the container 304 and enters the yielding and failure stage. At this time, the energy is mainly dissipated by the plasticity of the damper 302, which is the second-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process. As the magnitude further increases, the damper 302 suffers structural damage, leading to its own structural failure. At this time, the system vibration energy is mainly consumed by the friction and compression between the damping materials 303, which is the third-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process. This invention achieves graded vibration reduction function for bridges during vibration through a three-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process.

[0077] As a preferred embodiment of the damper 302, the damper 302 has a hollow cylindrical column body 3022, one end of the column body 3022 is closed along the central axis, and the other end of the column body 3022 is fixed with a base 3021, which is used for detachable installation on the top of the pier 400 or the bottom of the main beam 100.

[0078] The base 3021 has a through opening 3025 at its center, which is connected to the hollow interior of the column 3022. The center point of the through opening 3025 is located on the extension line of the central axis of the column 3022. A force transmission ball 3023 is fixed to the top of the column 3022. The force transmission ball 3023 is a solid structure, and the end of the force transmission ball 3023 away from the column 3022 has a flat surface.

[0079] As one way to install the damper 302 on the top of the pier 400 or the bottom of the main beam 100, the base 3021 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 3024, and bolts 306 are inserted into the mounting holes 3024 for fixing to the corresponding top of the pier 400 or the bottom of the main beam 100.

[0080] As a preferred embodiment of the damper 302, the internal hollow cross section of the column 3022 is circular. This design is to ensure that the damper 302 can achieve limiting in all aspects and has the same damping performance.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment of the damper 302, the column 3022 is a hollow variable cross-section conical column structure, and the diameter of the internal hollow cross-section from the force transmission ball 3023 to the base 3021 and the diameter of the outer circumferential cross-section of the column 3022 gradually increase.

[0082] For details, please refer to Figure 4 The increasing trend of the diameter of the internal hollow section of the column from the force-transmitting ball to the base is as follows:

[0083] The variation pattern of the diameter of the internal hollow section is as follows:

[0084] (1);

[0085] The corresponding variation pattern of the outer circumferential cross-section diameter of the column is as follows:

[0086] (2);

[0087] In equations (1) and (2), The hollow ratio of the damper, It is the cross-sectional height at the start of the equal strength design. for The height corresponds to the outer diameter of the cross section, where H is the straight-line distance between the center of the force-transmitting sphere and the center point of the bottom of the column.

[0088] The variation law of the diameter of the internal hollow section and the diameter of the outer circumference section of the column is designed according to the design principle of equal strength beam. This allows most sections to enter the yield state simultaneously during vibration, maximizing the ductile deformation capacity.

[0089] As a preferred embodiment of the damper 302, the damper 302 is made of steel.

[0090] To address the existing technical problems of displacement-dependent dampers 302 and velocity-dependent energy dissipators, namely the difficulty in replacing the metal damper 302 in the bridge bearing 200 after vibration occurs, and the difficulty in replacing the viscous liquid added to the velocity-dependent energy dissipator at the bridge bearing 200 after vibration, please refer to the preferred installation method of the graded vibration reduction mechanism 300 for long-span arch bridges. Figures 1 to 3 The container 304 has a barrel-shaped structure with its bottom detachably mounted on the top of the pier 400. A cover 301 is provided at the opening of the container 304. The cover 301 can cover the opening and can be opened or closed for replacing or replenishing the damping material 303 in the container 304. The damper 302 is disposed opposite to the container 304. A first through hole is provided on the cover 301. The damper 302 extends into the container 304 through the first through hole. The base 3021 of the damper 302 is placed outside the container 304 and installed at the bottom of the main beam 100.

[0091] After the vibration ends, if the damping material 303 is spilled or damaged, the cover 301 can be opened to replace or replenish the damping material 303 in the container 304, thus solving the aforementioned technical problem of the difficulty in replacing the damping material 303.

[0092] As one implementation of the cover 301, the cover 301 includes a first cover and a second cover, and the first cover and the second cover are connected by bolts 306. Notches are provided on adjacent sides of the first cover and the second cover to allow the damper 302 to pass through the notches and extend into the container 304.

[0093] As a further preferred embodiment, a clamping bolt 306 is fixed to the top of the pier 400. The clamping bolt 306 extends from the top of the pier 400 toward the surface of the cover 301 and abuts against the cover 301. In this way, during vibration, the cover 301 can be prevented from being pushed open by the damping material 303 inside the container 304 during the vibration of the container 304, thereby affecting the vibration reduction effect.

[0094] Specifically, the container 304 is a hollow steel cylindrical thin-walled barrel.

[0095] Specifically, the cover 301 is designed to determine the outer diameter of the container 304 and the magnitude of the horizontal limit displacement of the device, that is, the length of the cover 301 needs to be made to ensure that the container 304 remains within the coverage area of ​​the cover 301 during vibration.

[0096] For a preferred embodiment of container 304, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 and Figure 31 The container 304 has a stop 305 fixed on the inner circumference of the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure, which is used to cause the damper 302 to collide with the stop 305 to dissipate energy through plastic deformation during vibration.

[0097] As a preferred embodiment of the damping material 303, the damping material 303 filled in the container 304 is a non-Newtonian fluid material.

[0098] As a preferred embodiment 2 of the damping material 303, the damping material 303 is a combination of quartz sand of different particle sizes and non-Newtonian fluid, wherein the particle size range of the quartz sand is 2 to 4 mesh.

[0099] Specifically, the quartz sand is quartz particles produced by crushing and processing quartz stone. It belongs to non-metallic minerals and is a hard, wear-resistant, and chemically stable silicate mineral. Its color is milky white or colorless and translucent, and its Mohs hardness is 7.

[0100] Specifically, the non-Newtonian fluid materials, such as starch solution, liquid glass, and other materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties, can all be used in this solution.

[0101] Specifically, the starch solution is formed by mixing starch and water in a certain proportion to create a non-Newtonian fluid, wherein the mass ratio of starch to water is 1:1.

[0102] As a preferred option 3 for the damping material, after the non-Newtonian fluid material is filled into the container, a layer of dimethyl silicone oil needs to be coated on the surface of the non-Newtonian fluid material.

[0103] Specifically, a layer of dimethyl silicone oil is applied to the surface of the starch solution or other non-Newtonian fluid. Due to the good surface tension and lubricity of dimethyl silicone oil, the liquid surface can be made smoother. At the same time, dimethyl silicone oil can form a stable liquid film, which helps to prevent the loss of water or volatile components in the starch solution or other non-Newtonian fluid. It can make the liquid surface smooth, prevent liquid oxidation and evaporation, and help maintain the stability and consistency of the liquid in the container.

[0104] As another preferred option for the installation method of the graded damping mechanism 300 for long-span arch bridges, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 28 to 31 The bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304 can be detachably installed on the bottom of the main beam 100. A movable plate 308 is provided at the opening of the container 304. The movable plate 308 can cover the opening, and the area of ​​the movable plate 308 is larger than the area of ​​the opening.

[0105] The main beam 100 has a first feeding hole at its bottom. Corresponding to the first feeding hole, the container 304 has a second feeding hole at its bottom. A plug 307 is placed in the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The outer periphery of the plug 307 is interference-fitted with the inner wall of the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The plug 307 can be pulled out for replacing or replenishing the damping material 303 in the container 304.

[0106] The damper 302 is disposed opposite to the container 304. A second through hole is provided on the movable plate 308. The damper 302 extends into the container 304 through the second through hole. The base 3021 of the damper 302 is placed outside the container 304 and installed on the top of the pier 400.

[0107] The damping material 303 is a solid granular material with a particle size of no more than 2-4 mesh.

[0108] The particle size of damping materials has a significant impact on damping devices for the following reasons: ① Excessively large particle size may lead to uneven distribution within the device, resulting in concentrated stress when the device is subjected to dynamic loads, increasing the risk of failure; ② Larger particles may form voids or weak points in the damping layer, which may lead to the initiation and propagation of cracks under cyclic loading; ③ Larger particles are difficult to provide sufficient contact area to achieve effective energy conversion and dissipation, while smaller particle sizes can provide a larger total surface area, which helps to improve damping efficiency; ④ Damping materials need to have good flowability and filling properties to be evenly distributed within the device and fill all voids, while materials with larger particle sizes may have difficulty flowing and filling smaller spaces, thus affecting the uniformity and overall performance of the damping layer.

[0109] Specifically, the area of ​​the movable plate 308 is larger than the area of ​​the opening. Since there is no force constraint between the damper 302 and the movable plate 308, and the container 304 is filled with damping material 303, when there is vibration, the movable plate 308 can move accordingly with the vibration of the damper 302, which can close the opening and prevent the damping material 303 from leaking out.

[0110] The graded vibration reduction process of this scheme is as follows: when the pier 400 moves relative to the main beam 100 under vibration, the distance between the damper 302 and the bottom of the barrel structure of the container 304 decreases, and the damping material 303 inside the container 304 is compressed, thereby generating compressive force and friction. When the vibration magnitude is too large, the relative displacement between the main beam 100 and the pier 400 is too large, and the damper 302 contacts the bottom of the barrel structure of the container 304, resulting in plastic energy dissipation. When the vibration magnitude increases further, the structure of the damper 302 is destroyed. At this time, the particle damping material 303 dissipates energy through collision and friction to reduce vibration.

[0111] After the vibration ends, remove the plugs 307 from the first and second feeding holes, add damping material 303 to the container 304, and then put the plugs 307 back in.

[0112] Specifically, the plug 307 is a T-shaped plug.

[0113] Specifically, the stopper 307 is a soft stopper 307.

[0114] Specifically, the movable plate 308 is a steel plate.

[0115] The damper 302 achieves partial energy dissipation through the compression and friction of particles (colloidal substances or starch-based non-Newtonian fluids) by the relative motion between the steel damper 302 and the container 304 under earthquake conditions. The damper 302 achieves high ductility through the reasonable design of the container 304 size and multiple uses by utilizing the discreteness of the filling material of the damper 302. The damper 302 is repaired by replenishing the corresponding damping material 303 through the unclosed design.

[0116] As a preferred embodiment of the solid particulate damping material, the solid particulate material is quartz sand of different particle sizes, wherein the particle size range of the quartz sand is 6 to 8 mesh.

[0117] As a preferred embodiment of the solid particulate damping material, the solid particulate material is lightweight ceramic aggregate.

[0118] As a preferred embodiment of the solid particulate damping material, the solid particulate material is a combination of quartz sand and lightweight ceramsite of different particle sizes, wherein the particle size of the quartz sand is in the range of 2 to 4 mesh, and the mixing mass ratio of the quartz sand and the lightweight ceramsite is greater than 6:1.

[0119] As a preferred embodiment of the solid particulate damping material, the damping material is a combination of quartz sand of different particle sizes and dimethylcyclosiloxane, wherein the particle size of the quartz sand is in the range of 2 to 4 mesh.

[0120] The above-mentioned preferred solutions for damping materials all increase their compressive strength to a certain extent.

[0121] Specifically, the quartz sand is quartz particles produced by crushing and processing quartz stone. It belongs to non-metallic minerals and is a hard, wear-resistant, and chemically stable silicate mineral. Its color is milky white or colorless and translucent, and its Mohs hardness is 7.

[0122] Specifically, the lightweight ceramsite uses clay or fly ash and biological sludge as the main raw materials, and is produced by high-temperature calcination and expansion. As a lightweight aggregate, the lightweight ceramsite is characterized by low density, high strength, high water absorption, heat insulation, fire resistance, and earthquake resistance.

[0123] Specifically, the installation and repair process of the graded vibration reduction mechanism for the long-span arch bridge includes the following steps:

[0124] First, the graded vibration damping mechanism for the large-span arch bridge is installed in the gap between the main beam and the pier, and the two ends of the graded vibration damping mechanism are respectively installed at the bottom of the main beam and the top of the pier.

[0125] Then, the container is filled with damping material, and the damper is inserted into the damping material through the opening of the container, ensuring that there is a gap between the end of the damper inserted into the damping material and the bottom of the container's barrel structure when no vibration occurs.

[0126] If vibration occurs, check all parts of the graded damping mechanism of the long-span arch bridge, including whether the damper is damaged or whether the damping material is lost. If so, replace the damper or replace or replenish the damping material. Then restore all parts to their initial installation state and wait for the next vibration.

[0127] Secondly, this invention also discloses a graded vibration reduction method for long-span arch bridges, which utilizes the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges described above to achieve a three-stage vibration reduction and energy dissipation process, including:

[0128] During the first stage of vibration damping and energy dissipation, compression and friction occur between the damper and the damping material. At this time, the damper does not contact the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure, and the damper does not yield.

[0129] In the second stage of damping and energy dissipation, the damper contacts the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure and enters the yielding and failure stage. At this time, the energy is dissipated by utilizing the plasticity of the damper.

[0130] In the third stage of vibration damping and energy dissipation, the damper suffers structural damage, leading to its own structural failure. At this point, energy is dissipated by the friction and compression between the damping materials.

[0131] The graded vibration reduction mechanism and method for large-span arch bridges disclosed in this invention have the following technical effects: The graded vibration reduction mechanism for large-span arch bridges disclosed in this invention has three levels of vibration reduction and energy dissipation functions, which can solve the problem that existing damping devices can only reduce vibration for single magnitude or magnitude variations within a small range. They lack adaptability for vibration reduction methods that address magnitude variations over a large span during a single vibration or magnitude differences during multiple vibrations. This can easily lead to problems such as the damping device failing to fully utilize its function when the magnitude is small or the damping device itself being damaged when the magnitude is large, making it difficult to reuse, disassemble, and replace.

[0132] The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges disclosed in this invention utilizes the compression and friction between the damper and the damping material, the contact between the damper and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container, and the yielding and failure stages. After the damper suffers structural damage and its own structure fails, the friction and compression between the damping materials are used to achieve the function of three-level vibration reduction and energy dissipation, so as to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes and improve the overall vibration reduction performance of the bridge.

[0133] Meanwhile, the graded vibration reduction mechanism for large-span arch bridges disclosed in this invention is detachably connected to the bottom of the main beam or the top of the pier. Moreover, it has a simple structure and is easy to install. It can be easily repaired and reused after minor earthquakes, and easily disassembled and replaced after major earthquakes. This enables the graded vibration reduction mechanism for large-span arch bridges to be reused and repaired in a timely manner, so as to maintain the continuous operation of the vibration reduction function module of the original design of the bridge.

[0134] To further illustrate the graded vibration reduction mechanism and method for large-span arch bridges of the present invention, the following experimental embodiments are disclosed.

[0135] Example 1

[0136] Please see Figures 1 to 3 In this embodiment, the graded damping mechanism 300 for large-span arch bridges is detachably installed between the main beam 100 and the pier 400. A support 200 is installed between the main beam 100 and the pier 400, creating a gap between them. The graded damping mechanism 300 is located within this gap. The graded damping mechanism 300 includes a damper 302 and a damping material 303, with the damping material 303 placed in a container 304. The damper 302 is made of steel.

[0137] The container 304 is a barrel-shaped structure with an opening at one end. The bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304 is detachably installed on the top of the pier 400. A cover 301 is provided at the opening of the container 304. The cover 301 can cover the opening and can be opened or closed for replacing or replenishing the damping material 303 in the container 304. The damper 302 is disposed opposite to the container 304. A first through hole is provided on the cover 301. The damper 302 extends into the interior of the container 304 through the first through hole. The damper 302 has... The structure includes a column 3022, which is a hollow variable cross-section conical column structure. One end of the column 3022 is closed along its central axis, and the other end of the column 3022 is fixed with a base 3021. The base 3021 of the damper 302 is placed outside the container 304 and installed at the bottom of the main beam 100. When no vibration occurs, there is a gap between the end of the damper 302 that extends into the damping material 303 and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304. When vibration occurs, the graded vibration reduction mechanism 300 of the large-span arch bridge realizes the function of graded vibration reduction of the bridge.

[0138] Specifically, the cover 301 includes a first cover and a second cover, and the first cover and the second cover are connected by bolts 306. Notches are provided on adjacent sides of the first cover and the second cover, and the notches on both sides together form a first through hole, which is used to allow the damper 302 to pass through the notch and extend into the container 304.

[0139] The base 3021 has a through opening 3025 at its center, which is connected to the hollow interior of the column 3022. The center point of the through opening 3025 is located on the extension line of the central axis of the column 3022. A force transmission ball 3023 is fixed to the top of the column 3022. The force transmission ball 3023 is a solid structure, and the end of the force transmission ball 3023 away from the column 3022 has a flat surface.

[0140] The base 3021 has multiple mounting holes 3024 for inserting bolts 306, which are used to fix the main beam 100 to the bottom. The internal hollow cross-section of the column 3022 is circular, and the diameter of the internal hollow cross-section from the force transmission ball 3023 to the base 3021 and the diameter of the outer circumference cross-section of the column 3022 gradually increase.

[0141] The top of the pier 400 is fixed with a clamping bolt 306. The clamping bolt 306 extends from the top of the pier 400 toward the surface of the cover 301 and abuts against the cover 301. In this way, when the container 304 vibrates, it can prevent the cover 301 from being pushed open by the damping material 303 inside the container 304, thereby affecting the shock absorption effect.

[0142] Specifically, the graded vibration reduction function is achieved through the following process: When vibration occurs and the magnitude is small, a first-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process is generated. At this time, the damper 302 can generate compression and friction with the damping material 303 in the container 304. At this time, the damper 302 is not in contact with the bottom of the barrel structure of the container 304, and the damper 302 has not yielded. The first-stage vibration reduction process mainly dissipates energy through compression and friction between the damper 302 and the damping material 303. As the magnitude increases, the damper 302 contacts the bottom of the barrel structure of the container 304 and enters the yielding and failure stage. At this time, the energy is mainly dissipated by the plasticity of the damper 302, which is the second-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process. As the magnitude further increases, the damper 302 suffers structural damage, leading to its own structural failure. At this time, the system vibration energy is mainly consumed by the friction and compression between the damping materials 303, which is the third-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process. This invention achieves graded vibration reduction function for bridges during vibration through a three-stage vibration reduction energy dissipation process.

[0143] In this embodiment, the damping material was tested using quartz sand with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh and a mixture of quartz sand with different particle sizes. Specifically, the mass percentages of quartz sand with particle sizes of 5.5-5 mm, 2.5-5 mm, 1.2-2.5 mm, and 0-1.2 mm in the mixture of quartz sand with different particle sizes were 13.2%, 47.8%, 9.6%, and 29.4%, respectively. The bulk density of the 6-8 mesh uniform particle size quartz sand was 1359 kg / m³.3 The bulk density of the quartz sand mixture with different particle sizes is 1768 kg / m³. 3 .

[0144] The hysteresis curves of the two damping materials used in this embodiment are compared, such as... Figure 6 As shown, both the hysteresis loop closure and symmetry of 6-8 mesh uniform particle size quartz sand and the mixture of quartz sand with different particle sizes exhibit good surface recovery capabilities. Furthermore, it is noted that the mixture of quartz sand with different particle sizes has a larger hysteresis loop area. A larger hysteresis loop area indicates that the material can absorb and dissipate more energy during vibration, thus providing a better damping effect. Therefore, the mixture exhibits better damping performance than the 6-8 mesh uniform particle size quartz sand.

[0145] For the above structure, multiple seismic loading tests were conducted on the first-level seismic resistance of the damping mechanism for comparison. The test results are as follows: Figures 7 to 11 as well as Figures 12 to 16 As shown, specifically, the results of the first to fourth loading of SRPD for the two materials were compared, as well as the E values ​​after multiple loadings. d In contrast, SRPD refers to cyclic loading under the first-level seismic resistance capacity of the damping mechanism, E d Residual strain refers to the residual strain retained by a material after each unloading following loading. Residual strain can assess the accumulation of fatigue damage and the stability of its long-term properties. Smaller residual strain generally indicates that the material can better recover to its original state after cyclic loading, suggesting better recovery ability and fatigue resistance. Conversely, larger residual strain may indicate significant permanent deformation during cyclic loading, potentially leading to a decline in material properties and a shortened fatigue life.

[0146] in, Figures 7 to 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the results of the first to fourth loading of SRPD on quartz sand material with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh, as well as the E values ​​after multiple loadings. d Comparison chart, Figures 12 to 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the results of the first to fourth loading of SRPD for a multi-size silica sand mixture, as well as the E values ​​after multiple loadings. d Comparison chart; from Figures 7 to 10 as well as Figures 12 to 15 As can be seen from the results, the hysteresis loops of the 6-8 mesh uniform particle size quartz sand material and the quartz sand mixture of different particle sizes in the hysteresis curves from the first loading to the fourth loading are both well closed and symmetrical, and have good recovery ability. Moreover, compared with the two materials, the quartz sand mixture of different particle sizes shows a larger hysteresis loop area, indicating that the quartz sand mixture of different particle sizes can absorb and dissipate more energy during vibration, thus providing a better vibration reduction effect.

[0147] (1) Experimental phenomena:

[0148] After multiple loading tests, the damper, cover, and container remained intact without any deformation or failure, maintaining their initial state. During loading, the quartz sand produced a flowing sound, along with sounds of crushing quartz sand particles, between the quartz sand particles and the inner wall of the container, and between the quartz sand and the steel damper. After loading, cleaning the quartz sand from the container revealed that the uniformly sized quartz sand had turned into powder at the bottom, sides, and near the steel damper, with a small amount leaking out and some being ground into powder. After multiple loading tests, the outer wall of the steel damper became slightly warm.

[0149] (2) Reusability verification

[0150] To verify the reusability of graded dampers for bridge bearings, the dampers were loaded without repair, and the hysteresis curves and single-cycle hysteresis energy dissipation Ed (kJ) were compared. Figures 7 to 11 as well as Figures 12 to 16 As shown in the figure, without repair, the graded vibration damper (SRDP) for bridge bearings exhibits characteristics of sustainable application. After each loading, the horizontal ultimate load and energy dissipation Ed of the SRDP show a decreasing trend, possibly because cyclic loading causes the internal microstructure and defects of the material to adjust to the applied load. However, with the increase of loading cycles, the degree of decrease gradually diminishes. Meanwhile, from... Figure 11 and Figure 16 The results show that the residual strain of quartz sand with a uniform particle size of 6-8 mesh and the mixture of quartz sand with different particle sizes is small after each loading. This means that the material can better recover its original shape and size after unloading, indicating that the material has good elastic recovery ability. If the material can recover quickly after vibration, it will help reduce subsequent maintenance work and costs.

[0151] (3) Verification of repairability and performance improvement characteristics after repair

[0152] To verify that the graded damper for bridge bearings still has good energy dissipation effect after simple sand-filling repair, the damper was loaded after each sand-filling repair, and the hysteresis curves were compared. Due to the good gradation and density of the multi-size quartz sand mixture, its damping force reached 420kN before maintenance. After the first maintenance, its maximum damping force exceeded 430kN, exceeding the actuator's warning value, leading to the termination of the test. Therefore, the hysteresis performance of the multi-size quartz sand mixture bridge bearing graded damper after repair will not be discussed here. Figures 17 to 22The figure shows the loading results of SRDP under normal use, the loading results of SRDP after the first to fourth repairs, and a comparison diagram of the device Ed before and after the repair.

[0153] It can be seen that after the first sand replenishment repair, the damping force and energy dissipation (Ed) of the SRPD using 6-8 mesh uniform quartz sand material showed a significant improvement. This is because the quartz sand before repair was in a naturally packed state with large gaps between particles. After loading, the gaps between particles were greatly reduced by the squeezing action of the steel damper and the container, making the quartz sand more compact. The replenished quartz sand filled the container, increasing the squeezing effect of the quartz sand on the container and the steel damper during reloading. Subsequent repairs also showed a slight increase in damping force, but the improvement was not as significant as that after the first repair, and the energy dissipation capacity tended to stabilize. This is because the gaps between the compressed quartz sand particles were smaller than those of the packed quartz sand, resulting in less improvement in density during subsequent maintenance.

[0154] In summary, the graded damping material for bridge bearings utilizes the discrete and independent characteristics of granular damping materials. During an earthquake, some of the granular damping material is worn away, converting the structural kinetic energy into thermal energy without damaging the structure. This allows for the replenishment of granular damping material to complete the repair, and by increasing the density, the energy dissipation effect after maintenance is improved.

[0155] (4) The experimental results show that

[0156] The verification results of this embodiment show that quasi-static tests were conducted on graded vibration dampers for bridge bearings using granular damping materials with different densities. Specifically, without repair and reuse, the horizontal ultimate load and weekly energy dissipation (Ed) of the SRPD decreased after each loading, but the degree of decrease gradually decreased with increasing loading cycles. After sand replenishment repair, the damping force and weekly energy dissipation (Ed) of the SRPD significantly improved. This demonstrates the characteristics of graded vibration dampers for bridge bearings: ease of repair and improved energy dissipation after repair, verifying their good energy dissipation effect, high ductility, reusability, and ease of repair.

[0157] Example 2

[0158] To achieve significant seismic resistance and damping effects, multiple loading tests were conducted to compare hollow and solid dampers for graded vibration damping devices at bridge bearings. The structure of the hollow damper is as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the hollow ratio of the hollow damper is... The hollow ratio of a solid damper .

[0159] In this embodiment, the parameters of the hollow damper are as follows: , , The diameter of the force transmission ball is 100mm, the base is a disc with a thickness of 30mm and a diameter of 280mm, and there are a total of 8 mounting holes evenly distributed on the base. The diameter of the mounting holes is 28mm, and the diameter of the through opening is 110mm.

[0160] The variation pattern of the diameter of the hollow section inside the column is as follows:

[0161] (3);

[0162] The corresponding variation pattern of the outer circumferential cross-section diameter of the column is as follows:

[0163] (4);

[0164] Correspondingly, the solid damper has the same parameters as the hollow damper, except that the base does not have a through opening and the inside of the column is a solid structure.

[0165] (1) Loading system

[0166] This experiment employed displacement loading control with graded loading, starting at 5 mm and continuing until failure. The displacement increment was dynamically adjusted during the experiment: in the elastic stage, each displacement increment was 5 mm, and each increment was repeated once; from the elastoplastic stage onwards, each displacement increment was 20 mm, and each increment was repeated twice. The specific loading regime is shown in Table 1.

[0167] Table 1 Loading regime of steel damper

[0168]

[0169] Experiments show that the hollow steel damper can achieve a relatively large rotation angle (27%). Furthermore, the maximum load and maximum displacement indicate that the hollow steel damper exhibits good ductility, bending capacity, and plastic energy dissipation ability.

[0170] (2) Hysteresis curve

[0171] Subtracting the initial gap between the hollow steel damper and the steel stop, the hysteresis curves of the hollow steel damper and the solid steel damper were obtained. For example... Figure 23 As shown. By Figure 23It can be seen that when the loaded displacement is small, the force-displacement curve changes linearly, which is the linear elastic stage of the steel damper. As the loaded displacement increases, the force-displacement curve becomes nonlinear, the steel damper begins to yield, and then enters the elasto-plastic stage. At this time, the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve is small, and the energy dissipation capacity is small. As the loaded displacement continues to increase, the steel damper yields and dissipates energy, the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve gradually increases, the line shape is fuller, and the energy dissipation capacity is enhanced. As the loaded displacement continues to increase, the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve becomes larger and larger, and the shape is very full. Figure 9 It can be seen that, compared with solid steel dampers, hollow steel dampers have a larger hysteresis curve area, demonstrating that hollow steel dampers have stable plastic deformation capacity and extremely strong energy dissipation capacity.

[0172] (3) A comparative study was conducted on the quasi-static test of the damper, and the following conclusions were drawn: The hysteresis curve of the hollow damper is full, showing stable plastic deformation capacity and strong energy dissipation capacity. The strain at each point along the length of the core energy dissipation section is basically the same, and it can reach yield at the same time, which is in line with the concept of equal strength design. From the maximum bearing capacity, maximum displacement and equivalent viscous damping coefficient, it can be seen that the hollow damper has good ductility and bending bearing capacity as well as good plastic energy dissipation capacity.

[0173] Example 3

[0174] Please see Figures 24 to 27 This embodiment is based on the graded vibration reduction mechanism structure for large-span arch bridges disclosed in Embodiment 1. The experimental device is made and simulated according to the actual bridge structure by scaling it up proportionally.

[0175] In this embodiment, the damping material used is one of the following: 6-8 mesh quartz sand particle damping material, lightweight ceramic granule damping material, starch non-Newtonian fluid damping material, 2-4 mesh quartz sand and lightweight ceramic granule mixture, and 2-4 mesh quartz sand and dimethylcyclosiloxane mixture.

[0176] Among them, in the mixture of 2-4 mesh quartz sand and lightweight ceramsite, the mass ratio of quartz sand to lightweight ceramsite is greater than 6:1. Figures 24 to 27 The results of multiple loading tests of SRPD using 6-8 mesh quartz sand particles as damping material, using lightweight ceramic aggregate as damping material, using a mixture of 2-4 mesh quartz sand and dimethylcyclosiloxane as damping material, and using a mixture of 2-4 mesh quartz sand and lightweight ceramic aggregate as damping material are presented respectively.

[0177] As can be seen, under the conditions of simulating a real bridge structure, the hysteresis loop closure degree of each material is good, the hysteresis loop symmetry is good, and each material on the surface has good seismic performance and recovery ability. There are differences in the hysteresis loop area between the materials, but the differences are not significant. The materials listed above on the surface all have good seismic performance and recovery ability.

[0178] Experimental phenomena: During the test of 6-8 mesh quartz sand particles as damping material, the damper, cover, and container did not undergo any deformation or damage and remained in their initial state. During loading, the quartz sand produced a flowing sound, and there were sounds of quartz sand being crushed between itself, between the quartz sand and the inner wall of the container, and between the quartz sand and the damper. After loading, when cleaning the quartz sand in the bucket, it was found that the uniformly sized quartz sand had become powdery at the bottom, on the walls, and near the steel damper. A very small amount of quartz sand leaked out of the bucket, and some of it was ground into powder.

[0179] During the testing of starch-based non-Newtonian fluid damping materials, the damper, cover, and container remained unchanged and undamaged, maintaining their initial state. During loading, the non-Newtonian fluid emitted a squeezing sound as it was compressed by the damper and the container. Some non-Newtonian fluid was squeezed out from the edge of the damper above the cover, and also from the area below the cover where it contacted the container. A layer of dimethyl silicone oil was needed to prevent moisture from contacting the air, reduce evaporation, and maintain the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid.

[0180] Example 4

[0181] Please see Figures 28 to 31 In this embodiment, the graded damping mechanism 300 for large-span arch bridges is detachably installed between the main beam 100 and the pier 400. A support 200 is installed between the main beam 100 and the pier 400, creating a gap between them. The graded damping mechanism 300 is located within this gap. The graded damping mechanism 300 includes a damper 302 and a damping material 303, with the damping material 303 placed in a container 304. The damper 302 is made of steel.

[0182] The container 304 is a barrel-shaped structure with an opening at one end. The bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304 can be detachably installed on the bottom of the main beam 100. A movable plate 308 is provided at the opening of the container 304. The movable plate 308 can cover the opening, and the area of ​​the movable plate 308 is larger than the area of ​​the opening.

[0183] The main beam 100 has a first feeding hole at its bottom. Corresponding to the first feeding hole, the container 304 has a second feeding hole at its bottom. A plug 307 is placed in the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The outer periphery of the plug 307 is interference-fitted with the inner wall of the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The plug 307 can be pulled out for replacing or replenishing the damping material 303 in the container 304.

[0184] The damper 302 is disposed opposite to the container 304. A second through hole is provided on the movable plate 308. The damper 302 extends into the container 304 through the second through hole. The base 3021 of the damper 302 is placed outside the container 304 and installed on the top of the pier 400.

[0185] The damper 302 has a column 3022, which is a hollow variable cross-section conical column structure. One end of the column 3022 is closed along the central axis, and the other end of the column 3022 is fixed with a base 3021. The base 3021 of the damper 302 is placed outside the container 304 and installed on the top of the pier 400. When no vibration occurs, there is a gap between the end of the damper 302 that extends into the damping material 303 and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304. When vibration occurs, the graded vibration reduction mechanism 300 of the large-span arch bridge realizes the function of graded vibration reduction of the bridge.

[0186] The base 3021 has a through opening 3025 at its center, which is connected to the hollow interior of the column 3022. The center point of the through opening 3025 is located on the extension line of the central axis of the column 3022. A force transmission ball 3023 is fixed to the top of the column 3022. The force transmission ball 3023 is a solid structure, and the end of the force transmission ball 3023 away from the column 3022 has a flat surface.

[0187] The base 3021 has multiple mounting holes 3024 for inserting bolts 306, which are used to fix the pier 400 to the top. The internal hollow cross-section of the column 3022 is circular, and the diameter of the internal hollow cross-section from the force transmission ball 3023 to the base 3021 and the diameter of the outer circumferential cross-section of the column 3022 gradually increase.

[0188] Specifically, the area of ​​the movable plate 308 is larger than the area of ​​the opening. Since there is no force constraint between the damper 302 and the movable plate 308, and the container 304 is filled with damping material 303, when there is vibration, the movable plate 308 can move accordingly with the vibration of the damper 302, which can close the opening and prevent the damping material 303 from leaking out.

[0189] Specifically, the graded vibration reduction function of this scheme is achieved through the following process: When the pier 400 moves relative to the main beam 100 under vibration, the distance between the damper 302 and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304 decreases, and the damping material 303 inside the container 304 is compressed, thereby generating compressive force and friction. When the vibration level is too high, the relative displacement between the main beam 100 and the pier 400 is too large, and the damper 302 contacts the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container 304, resulting in plastic energy dissipation. When the vibration level increases further, the structure of the damper 302 is damaged, and the granular damping material 303 dissipates energy through collision and friction to achieve vibration reduction. After the vibration ends, the plugs 307 in the first and second feeding holes are pulled out, and damping material 303 is added to the container 304. After filling, the plugs 307 are put back in.

[0190] In this embodiment, the damping material is a solid granular material, using 2-4 mesh quartz sand. Alternatively, the quartz sand can be replaced with materials with higher hardness, such as pebbles or steel balls.

[0191] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Under the teachings of the present invention, modifications can be made to these features and embodiments to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The embodiments described in this invention are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graded vibration damping mechanism for a long-span arch bridge, detachably installed between a main beam and a pier, wherein a support is installed between the main beam and the pier to create a gap between them, characterized in that... The graded vibration reduction mechanism of the large-span arch bridge is located in the gap, and its two ends are detachably installed at the bottom of the main beam and the top of the pier, respectively. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for the long-span arch bridge includes a damper and a damping material, wherein the damping material is placed in a container; The damper has a hollow cylindrical column, one end of which is closed along the central axis, and the other end of which is fixed with a base for detachable installation on the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam. A through-hole is provided at the center of the base, which is connected to the hollow interior of the column, and the center point of the through-hole is located on the extension line of the central axis of the column. A force-transmitting ball is fixed at the top of the column; the force-transmitting ball is a solid structure, and the end of the force-transmitting ball away from the column has a flat surface. The container is a barrel-shaped structure with an opening at one end. The bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container can be detachably installed on the bottom of the main beam or the top of the pier. Correspondingly, the opening faces the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam. The damper is positioned opposite the container, and one end of the damper is detachably installed on the top of the pier or the bottom of the main beam. The other end of the damper extends into the damping material through the opening; when no vibration occurs, there is a gap between the end of the damper that extends into the damping material and the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure of the container; When vibration occurs, the graded vibration reduction mechanism for the long-span arch bridge realizes the function of graded vibration reduction for the bridge.

2. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base has multiple mounting holes for inserting bolts, which are used to fix the base to the top of the corresponding pier or the bottom of the main beam.

3. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 2, characterized in that, The internal hollow cross-section of the column is circular.

4. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 3, characterized in that, The column is a hollow variable cross-section conical column structure, and the diameter of the internal hollow cross-section and the diameter of the outer circumference cross-section of the column gradually increase from the force transmission ball to the base.

5. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 4, characterized in that, The container's barrel-shaped structure has a detachable bottom that can be installed on top of the bridge pier. The container's opening is covered by a lid that can be opened or closed to replace or replenish the damping material inside the container. The damper is positioned opposite the container. The lid has a first through hole through which the damper extends into the container. The damper's base is located outside the container and installed at the bottom of the main beam.

6. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 5, characterized in that, The damping material filled inside the container is a non-Newtonian fluid material.

7. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 5, characterized in that, The damping material filled in the container is a combination of quartz sand of different particle sizes and non-Newtonian fluid, wherein the particle size of the quartz sand ranges from 2 to 4 mesh.

8. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 4, characterized in that, The container's barrel-shaped structure has a bottom that can be detachably installed at the bottom of the main beam. The container's opening is provided with a movable plate that can cover the opening, and the area of ​​the movable plate is larger than the area of ​​the opening. The main beam has a first feeding hole at its bottom. Corresponding to the first feeding hole, the container has a second feeding hole at its bottom. A plug is placed in the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The outer circumference of the plug is interference-fitted with the inner wall of the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole. The plug can be pulled out for replacing or replenishing the damping material in the container. The damper is positioned opposite the container. A second through hole is provided on the movable plate. The damper extends into the container through the second through hole. The base of the damper is placed outside the container and installed on the top of the bridge pier. The damping material is a solid granular material with a particle size of no more than 2-4 mesh.

9. The graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that, The container has a stop block fixed to the inner circumference of its barrel-shaped bottom, which is used to cause the damper to collide with the stop block and dissipate energy through plastic deformation during vibration.

10. A graded vibration reduction method for long-span arch bridges, utilizing the graded vibration reduction mechanism for long-span arch bridges as described in claim 1 to achieve a three-stage vibration reduction and energy dissipation process, characterized in that... include: During the first stage of vibration damping and energy dissipation, compression and friction occur between the damper and the damping material. At this time, the damper does not contact the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure, and the damper does not yield. In the second stage of damping and energy dissipation, the damper contacts the bottom of the container's barrel-shaped structure and enters the yielding and failure stage. At this time, the energy is dissipated by utilizing the plasticity of the damper. In the third stage of vibration damping and energy dissipation, the damper suffers structural damage, leading to its own structural failure. At this point, energy is dissipated by the friction and compression between the damping materials.

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