A method and auxiliary device for preventing fruit trees from late spring frost

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of preventing late spring frost, and provides a method and an auxiliary device for preventing late spring frost of fruit trees, which comprises the following steps: step 1, reconstructing and upgrading a water and fertilizer integrated system in a fruit tree planting area to realize frost prevention; step 2, spraying foliage fertilizer to the fruit trees through the water and fertilizer integrated system; step 3, before the fruit tree planting area freezes, flooding the fruit tree planting area to pour enough antifreezing water, and pouring mobilization water in the evening; step 4, spraying biological extract before frost occurs; step 5, starting a high-altitude mist mode of the water and fertilizer integrated system during the frost; step 6, relieving the damage of flowers of the fruit trees by spraying hormones after the frost; step 7, performing artificial pollination during the full bloom period of the fruit trees; and step 8, appropriately delaying thinning, and performing one-time thinning before bagging, and removing abnormal fruits and diseased and insect-infested fruits; the present application solves the problems of high pollution, poor effect and fire hazard of the fumigation method for preventing late spring frost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of preventing late spring frost, and in particular to a method and auxiliary device for preventing late spring frost from affecting fruit trees. Background Technology

[0002] A "late spring frost" is a strong cold front that occurs in March or April. Early-blooming fruits such as apricots, plums, cherries, and apples suffer from "late spring frosts" almost every year. Fruit trees have low resistance to low temperatures after budding. Generally, the critical temperature for frost damage to buds during the budding stage is -3.9℃, for flower buds it is -2.5 to -3.8℃, for flowering it is -1.5 to -2℃, and for young fruit it is -0.7 to -2.5℃ (Note: This may vary depending on the tree species or variety).

[0003] Although weather conditions are uncontrollable, several measures can be taken in production to avoid the damage caused by late spring frosts. 1. Spraying lime water: Spraying 1% lime water 25-30 days before fruit trees bloom can delay flowering by 3-5 days. Since the cold snap usually lasts only 1-2 days, this can help avoid damage. 2. Irrigating fruit trees: Listen to weather forecasts before and after flowering, and irrigate before the cold snap arrives to lower the soil temperature and slow tree growth, which can delay flowering by 2-3 days. 3. Smoke fumigation: This is a simple and easy method. On the night of the cold snap, around 3-4 am, light firewood around the fruit trees, minimizing open flames and maximizing smoke. Maintain this smoke layer above the trees until sunrise to avoid damage. 4. Spraying plant cell stabilizers: This can improve the stress resistance of plant cells. Spraying fruit trees with this agent can improve their frost resistance and reduce the severity of damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method and auxiliary device for preventing fruit trees from being exposed to late spring frost, in order to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method and auxiliary device for preventing late spring frosts in fruit trees, comprising: 0006. A method for preventing late spring frosts in fruit trees, characterized in that it comprises:

[0006] Step 1: Upgrade and transform the "water and fertilizer integration" system in the fruit tree planting area to achieve frost prevention;

[0007] Step 2: Apply foliar fertilizer to the fruit trees through the "water and fertilizer integration" system to improve the fruit trees' nutrient storage.

[0008] Step 3: Before the fruit tree planting area freezes, irrigate thoroughly with plenty of antifreeze water, and delay the bud break watering;

[0009] Step 4: Spray the bio-extract before the frost to induce frost resistance in the fruit tree flowers;

[0010] Step 5: During frost, the "water and fertilizer integration" system activates the high-altitude fog mode to provide physical protection;

[0011] Step 6: After frost, spray hormones to alleviate damage to fruit tree flowers;

[0012] Step 7: During the peak flowering period of fruit trees, use activated commercial pollen to artificially pollinate the fruit trees to improve the fruit set rate;

[0013] Step 8: Delay fruit thinning appropriately. Perform a one-time fruit thinning before bagging to remove deformed and diseased fruits and improve the rate of high-quality fruits.

[0014] Preferably, the upgrade in step 1 includes:

[0015] For modern orchard renovation, a branch pipe is laid above the third wire of the support system on the main pipe of the original "water and fertilizer integration" system. A mist nozzle is installed on the branch pipe at the first preset distance and the branch pipe is connected to the original "water and fertilizer integration" main pipe.

[0016] For the renovation of traditional old orchards: raise the original integrated water and fertilizer branch pipe to the first preset height, and extend the original hanging sprinkler pipe to the first preset length; during the high incidence of late spring cold, raise the hanging sprinkler from below the branch pipe to above the branch pipe and fix it to the tree branches.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2, the foliar fertilizer is applied by spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days from mid-September until the fruit trees shed their leaves.

[0018] In step 3, the germination water should be applied 15 days after the ground thaws in early spring.

[0019] The biological extract in step 4 is sprayed once before flowering and when the flowers show red, and then sprayed again the day before the frost. The biological extract is 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution diluted 2000 times and Hailijia water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times.

[0020] Preferably, in step 5, the fogging start time is determined by the time the temperature reaches 0 degrees Celsius according to the 24-hour weather forecast, including: starting the fogging system 4 hours in advance when the soil moisture is above 60%; starting the fogging system 6 hours in advance when the soil moisture is below 60%; and stopping the fogging when the orchard temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius after sunrise, provided the orchard is not frozen.

[0021] When the orchard freezes, spraying should continue until the ice melts completely and the orchard temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius. Increase the pressure of the "water and fertilizer integration" system to enhance the atomization effect, with the branch pipe pressure reaching 0.75 MPa or higher and the spray diameter less than 100 μm.

[0022] Preferably, in step 6, the spraying of hormones specifically involves spraying 50 nmol / L melatonin and a 3000-fold diluted 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution within 2 hours after frost to alleviate the damage.

[0023] Preferably, the method also includes an auxiliary device for preventing late spring frost in fruit trees. The auxiliary device includes: an intelligent vehicle, a robotic arm, and an auxiliary pollination component. An electric lifting column is fixedly installed at the center of the top of the intelligent vehicle. Temperature sensors and a control box are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the intelligent vehicle, respectively. A wireless transmission module is fixedly installed at the right end of the intelligent vehicle. The control box is electrically connected to the electric lifting column, temperature sensors, and wireless transmission module. A robotic arm is fixedly installed at the top of the electric lifting column. The robotic arm is electrically connected to the control box. An auxiliary pollination component is fixedly installed at the top end of the robotic arm.

[0024] Preferably, the auxiliary pollination component includes: a horizontal frame, the end of the robotic arm is fixedly connected to the horizontal frame, a drive motor is fixedly installed at the top right side of the horizontal frame, the drive motor is electrically connected to the control box, the output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft rotates through the horizontal frame, the bottom end of the rotating shaft is connected to a bevel gear, the bottom center of the horizontal frame is fixedly connected to a vertical support, the top and bottom of the right side wall of the support are fixedly connected to a horizontal bar and a horizontal bar, respectively, the right end of the horizontal bar is rotatably connected to a bevel gear, the bevel gear and the bevel gear are meshed, the rear end of the shaft of the bevel gear is fixedly connected to a cam, the right end of the horizontal bar is fixedly connected to a vertical sleeve, and a push rod is slidably connected inside the sleeve.

[0025] Preferably, the top of the push rod is rotatably connected to a roller, the roller presses against a cam, the bottom of the crossbar is fixedly connected to a baffle, a spring is sleeved on a section of the push rod between the baffle and the sleeve, the bottom of the push rod is slidably connected to a connecting rod, the center of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the bracket, the left end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a horizontal feather duster, the left end of the crossbar is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pollen storage cylinder, the bottom wall of the pollen storage cylinder has several through holes, the center of the bottom wall of the pollen storage cylinder is rotatably connected to a turntable, the turntable has several through holes, the bottom end of the central shaft of the turntable is fixedly connected to a pulley, the top of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a pulley, and the pulley is connected to a belt.

[0026] Preferred options also include:

[0027] An automatic inspection unit is provided inside the intelligent vehicle for performing inspections according to a preset inspection route.

[0028] The infrared temperature detection unit is used to detect the surface temperature changes of the high-altitude fogging system and the entire fruit tree planting area, including the surface temperature of the branch pipes and the ambient temperature.

[0029] The spray detection unit is used to detect parameters of high-altitude spray, including: spray particle size distribution, spray angle, and spray range;

[0030] The first detection unit is used to detect the mist parameters at the mist nozzles of the branch pipes in the "water and fertilizer integration" system; the mist parameters include: mist temperature and mist flow rate;

[0031] The second detection unit is used to detect fog parameters when high-altitude fog falls onto tree branches;

[0032] The alarm unit is used to issue alarms according to different priority levels of abnormality detection.

[0033] Preferred options also include:

[0034] The first calculation unit calculates the weighting coefficient of the uniformity of high-altitude spray in the acquisition area based on the parameters of the high-altitude spray detected by the spray detection unit:

[0035]

[0036] ψ is the uniformity weighting coefficient of the high-altitude spray in the collection area; ψ max ψ represents the maximum particle size of high-altitude spray detected by the spray detection unit within the detection time period. min β represents the minimum particle size of high-altitude spray detected by the spray detection unit within the detection time period; N represents the total number of spray detection units; β jmax α is the average spray angle detected by the j-th spray detection unit within the actual detection segment, where β0 is the target spray angle; ji The correction coefficient is given when the j-th spray detection unit detects the i-th feature of the spray range within the detection time period; M is the actual number of target spray detection units; n jimax Let n be the maximum value of the i-th feature of the spray range detected by the j-th spray detection unit within the detection time period. i0 is the theoretical value of the i-th feature of the spray range of the spray detection unit within the detection time period; f is the nonlinear modulation index of the spray detection unit, with a value of 1.2;

[0037] The second calculation unit calculates the danger coefficient at the abnormal point of the branch pipe and the mist nozzle (31) based on the data from the infrared temperature detection unit, the first detection unit, the second detection unit, and the weighting coefficient of the high-altitude spray uniformity of the first calculation unit:

[0038]

[0039] Q j To assess the risk factor of the j-th branch pipe anomaly discovered during the inspection of the integrated water and fertilizer system; T j2 T represents the average temperature of the high-altitude fog detected by the second detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period. j1G represents the average temperature of the high-altitude fog detected by the first detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period; j2 G represents the average detected value of the high-altitude fog flow rate of the second detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period; j1 G represents the average detected value of high-altitude fog flow rate of the first detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period; Z ξ1 represents the target flow rate within the branch pipe section; ξ2 represents the first weight of the high-altitude fog spray state; ξ3 represents the second weight of the high-altitude fog spray state.

[0040] The comparison unit controls the alarm unit to sound when the risk coefficient of the j-th branch abnormal point is greater than the threshold, and the alarm unit prioritizes increasing the alarm volume when the risk coefficient of the j-th branch abnormal point is greater than the risk coefficient of the previous branch abnormal point.

[0041] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a method and auxiliary device for preventing late spring frost in fruit trees. This method improves the traditional orchard "water and fertilizer integration" system by modifying it, achieving better frost protection. It provides physical protection to fruit trees by adequately watering before frost, delaying the irrigation of bud break water, and using a high-altitude fogging mode when frost arrives. It also alleviates frost damage by spraying hormones, improves filtration through artificial pollination, and increases the rate of high-quality fruit by delaying fruit thinning. This invention effectively reduces the impact of late spring frost on apples and solves the problems of pollution and fire hazards associated with smoke-based frost prevention. Through years of experimentation and summarization, it has formed a core concept of "pre-emptive chemical induction, comprehensive physical protection, unmanned pollination, and integrated chemical, physical, and aerial control." The auxiliary device further enhances the practicality of this method. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preventing late spring frost in fruit trees according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of a method for preventing fruit trees from experiencing late spring frost according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the auxiliary device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary pollination component of the present invention.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 1. Intelligent vehicle; 2. Robotic arm; 3. Auxiliary pollination component; 4. Electric lifting column; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Control box; 7. Wireless transmission module; 8. Horizontal frame; 9. Drive motor; 10. Rotating shaft one; 11. Bevel gear one; 12. Bracket one; 13. Horizontal bar one; 14. Horizontal bar two; 15. Bevel gear two; 16. Cam; 17. Sleeve; 18. Push rod one; 19. Roller; 20. Baffle; 21. Spring one; 22. Connecting rod one; 23. Feather duster; 24. Pollen storage cylinder; 25. Through hole one; 26. Turntable; 27. Through hole two; 28. Pulley one; 29. ​​Pulley two; 30. Belt one; 31. Mist nozzle; 32. Water tank; 33. High-pressure pump; 34. Filter; 35. Fertilizer tank. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0050] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Furthermore, in this invention, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" is for descriptive purposes only and does not specifically refer to any order or sequence, nor is it intended to limit the invention. They are merely used to distinguish components or operations described using the same technical terms and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions and features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If a combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0052] The present invention provides the following embodiments.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This invention provides a method and auxiliary device for preventing fruit trees from being affected by late spring frost, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a method for preventing fruit trees from experiencing late spring frost includes:

[0055] Step 1: Upgrade and transform the "water and fertilizer integration" system in the fruit tree planting area to achieve frost prevention;

[0056] Step 2: Apply foliar fertilizer to the fruit trees through the "water and fertilizer integration" system to improve the fruit trees' nutrient storage.

[0057] Step 3: Before the fruit tree planting area freezes, irrigate thoroughly with plenty of antifreeze water, and delay the bud break watering;

[0058] Step 4: Spray the bio-extract before the frost to induce frost resistance in the fruit tree flowers;

[0059] Step 5: During frost, the "water and fertilizer integration" system activates the high-altitude fog mode to provide physical protection;

[0060] Step 6: After frost, spray hormones to alleviate damage to fruit tree flowers;

[0061] Step 7: During the peak flowering period of fruit trees, use activated commercial pollen to artificially pollinate the fruit trees to improve the fruit set rate;

[0062] Step 8: Delay fruit thinning appropriately. Perform a one-time fruit thinning before bagging to remove deformed and diseased fruits and improve the rate of high-quality fruits.

[0063] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: This invention provides a method for preventing late spring frost in fruit trees. By modifying the traditional "water and fertilizer integration" system in orchards, it achieves better frost protection. It provides physical protection to fruit trees by appropriately watering them with antifreeze before frost, delaying the time of watering for bud break, and using a high-altitude fogging mode when frost arrives. It also alleviates frost damage by spraying hormones, improves filtration through artificial pollination, and increases the rate of high-quality fruit by delaying fruit thinning. This invention effectively reduces the impact of late spring frost on apples and solves the problems of pollution and fire hazards associated with smoke-based frost prevention. After years of experimentation and summarization, it has formed a core concept of "pre-emptive chemical induction, full-process physical protection, unmanned pollination, and integrated chemical, physical, and aerial control." The auxiliary devices further enhance the practicality of this method.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1-2As shown, for modern orchard renovation, a branch pipe (recommended diameter of 19.05mm) is laid above the third wire of the support system on the main pipe of the original "water and fertilizer integration" system. A mist nozzle 31 is installed on the branch pipe every first preset distance (the first preset distance is 2 meters), and the branch pipe is connected to the original "water and fertilizer integration" main pipe.

[0066] For the renovation of traditional old orchards: raise the original integrated water and fertilizer branch pipe to the first preset height, and extend the original hanging sprinkler pipe to the first preset length; during the high incidence of late spring frost, raise the hanging sprinkler from below the branch pipe to above the branch pipe and fix it to the tree branches; the first preset height is recommended to be 1.7 meters, and the first preset length is recommended to be 1.4 meters.

[0067] In step 2, the foliar fertilizer is applied by spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves every 10 days from mid-September until the fruit trees shed their leaves.

[0068] In step 3, the "germination water" refers to watering plants 15 days after the soil thaws in early spring. Germination water is watered to protect plants from drought damage during winter and early spring when the soil is dry. This period is usually before the plants begin to sprout or unfold their leaves, hence the name "germination water".

[0069] The biological extract in step 4 is sprayed once before flowering and when the flowers show red, and then sprayed again the day before the frost. The biological extract is 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution diluted 2000 times and Hailijia water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times.

[0070] In step 5, the fogging start time is determined by the time the temperature reaches 0 degrees Celsius according to the 24-hour weather forecast. This includes: starting the fogging system 4 hours in advance when the soil moisture is above 60%; starting the fogging system 6 hours in advance when the soil moisture is below 60%; and stopping the fogging when the orchard temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius after sunrise, provided the orchard is not frozen.

[0071] When the orchard freezes, spraying should continue until the ice melts completely and the orchard temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius. Increase the pressure of the "water and fertilizer integration" system to enhance the atomization effect, with the branch pipe pressure reaching 0.75 MPa or higher and the spray diameter less than 100 μm.

[0072] In step 6, the specific method of spraying hormones is to spray 50 nmol / L melatonin and 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution diluted 3000 times within 2 hours after frost to alleviate the damage.

[0073] The existing technology of the "water and fertilizer integration" system includes: a water storage tank 32 connected to the inlet of a high-pressure pump 33 via a pipe; the outlet of the high-pressure pump 33 connected to a dosage control device via a pipe; the dosage control device connected to several fertilizer tanks 35 via pipes (the fertilizer tanks 35 contain various hormones, biological extracts, and fertilizers); the output of the dosage control device connected to a filter 34 via a pipe; the filter 34 connected to a branch pipe at a high position via a main pipe; and mist nozzles 31 installed at equal intervals on the branch pipe.

[0074] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The working principle and beneficial effects are introduced below through specific experimental cases:

[0075] Experiment 1: Using the method of this invention to prevent spring frost at -2.5 degrees Celsius in peach orchards

[0076] Materials: Rootstock: Qingzhou Honey Peach; Variety: Luyou No. 3

[0077] Time: 2019; Location: Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province

[0078] Process: On April 2, 2019, the meteorological department of Tai'an City, Shandong Province issued an orange frost warning signal. On the 2nd, a method for preventing late spring frosts in fruit trees was implemented, along with systematic monitoring and data statistics. From mid-September 2018 until leaf fall, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves every 10 days. On December 6, 2019, the trees were thoroughly watered for frost protection. On March 6, 2019, the trees were watered to encourage bud break. On the afternoon of April 2, 2019, the integrated water and fertilizer pipe was raised to 1.7 meters, and the original hanging spray pipe was lengthened to 1.4 meters. During the peak period of late spring frosts, the hanging spray pipe was raised from below the pipe to above it and fixed to the branches. On March 30, before flowering and the red bud stage, a spray of 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution (2000x dilution) + Hailijia water-soluble fertilizer (500x dilution) was applied. A final spray was applied the day before the frost on April 2. The 24-hour weather forecast for April 2nd indicates the temperature will reach 0 degrees Celsius at 6:00 AM on April 23rd. When soil moisture exceeds 60%, the fogging system will be activated at 2:00 AM. If the orchard freezes on the morning of April 3rd, continuous spraying is necessary until the ice completely melts and the orchard temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius, at which point fogging should cease around 9:00 AM. Within two hours after frost, a 3000-fold dilution of 50 nmol / L melatonin + 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution will be applied to mitigate damage. Commercial pollen will be purchased on April 5th, activated, and then used for contact pollination with a feather duster on April 23rd. On May 10th, fruit thinning will be conducted once before bagging, removing deformed, diseased, and insect-infested fruit. Real-time monitoring results from the experimental orchard's ground weather station show that the orchard's lowest temperature reached -2.5 degrees Celsius at 6:30 AM on April 3rd.

[0079] Experiment 2: Using the method of this invention to prevent the late spring frost of -2.5 degrees Celsius in sweet cherries

[0080] Materials: Rootstock: *Isatis tinctoria*; Variety: *Meizao*

[0081] Time: 2019; Location: Cherry Orchard Village, Culaishan Town, Tai'an City

[0082] Process: On April 11, 2019, the meteorological department of Tai'an City, Shandong Province issued an orange frost warning signal. On the 11th, a method for preventing late spring frosts in fruit trees was implemented, along with systematic monitoring and data statistics. From mid-September 2018 until leaf fall, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves every 10 days. On December 8, 2019, the trees were thoroughly watered for frost protection. On March 8, 2019, the trees were watered to encourage bud break. On the afternoon of April 11, the integrated water and fertilizer pipe was raised to 1.7 meters, and the original hanging spray pipe was lengthened to 1.4 meters. During the peak period of late spring frosts, the hanging spray pipe was raised from below the pipe to above it and fixed to the branches. On March 20, before flowering and the first red buds appeared, a spray of 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution (2000x dilution) + Hailijia water-soluble fertilizer (500x dilution) was applied. A final spray was applied the day before the frost on April 11. The 24-hour weather forecast for the 11th indicated that the temperature would reach 0 degrees Celsius at 5:00 AM on the 23rd. When soil moisture exceeded 60%, the fogging system was activated at 1:00 AM. If the orchard froze on the morning of the 12th, continuous spraying was necessary until the ice completely melted and the orchard temperature reached 5 degrees Celsius, at which point fogging was stopped around 9:00 AM. Within two hours after the frost, a 3000-fold dilution of 50 nmol / L melatonin + 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution was applied to mitigate the damage. Commercial pollen was purchased on April 15th, activated, and then used for contact pollination with a feather duster. Real-time monitoring results from the experimental orchard's ground weather station showed that the lowest temperature in the orchard reached -2.5 degrees Celsius at 6:30 AM on the 3rd.

[0083] Experiment 3: Using the method of this invention to prevent apples from suffering from a late spring frost of -3.8 degrees Celsius.

[0084] Materials: Rootstock: M9T337; Variety: Yanfu No. 3

[0085] Time: 2020; Location: Yantai Qingnonghe Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Laiyang City

[0086] Process: On April 22nd and 23rd, 2020, meteorological departments in major apple-producing areas of Shandong Province (Yiyuan, Penglai, Qixia, Laizhou, etc.) issued orange frost warnings. On the 22nd, Xiao Wei went to Yantai Qingnonghe Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Laiyang City to guide the implementation of "a method to prevent fruit trees from experiencing late spring frost" and to conduct system monitoring and data statistics. From mid-September 2019 until leaf fall, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves every 10 days. On December 2nd, the trees were thoroughly watered for frost protection. On March 10th, 2020, the trees were watered to encourage bud break. On the afternoon of April 22nd, a 19.05mm diameter branch pipe was installed above the third wire of the apple support system on the main pipe of the original "water and fertilizer integration" system. A mist sprayer 31 was installed every 2 meters, and the pipe was connected to the original "water and fertilizer integration" main pipe. Spray once before flowering and during the red-budding stage on April 15th, using a mixture of 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution (2000x dilution) and Hailijia water-soluble fertilizer (500x dilution). Re-spray once on April 22nd, the day before the frost. The 24-hour weather forecast for April 22nd indicates the temperature will reach 0 degrees Celsius at 5:00 AM on April 23rd. When soil moisture is above 60%, activate the misting system at 1:00 AM. If the orchard freezes on the morning of April 23rd, continue spraying until the ice completely melts and the orchard temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius, then stop misting at 9:00 AM. Within two hours after the frost, apply 50 nmol / L melatonin + 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution (3000x dilution) to mitigate damage. Purchase commercial pollen on April 26th, activate it, and use a feather duster for contact pollination on April 23rd. On May 20th, thin the fruit once before bagging, removing deformed, diseased, and insect-infested fruit. Real-time monitoring results from the ground weather station in the experimental orchard showed that the lowest temperature in the orchard reached -3.8 degrees Celsius at 5:30 a.m. on the 23rd.

[0087] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0088] Experiments have shown that this method works best when the nighttime temperature reaches -3.6 degrees Celsius. Subsequent measurements have also demonstrated that:

[0089] 1. When "a method to prevent fruit trees from suffering from late spring frost" was used, the frost damage rate of apple blossom stigmas was 3%, while the frost damage rate of stigmas reached 95% when "a method to prevent fruit trees from suffering from late spring frost" was not used.

[0090] 2. The fruit setting rate of apples using the "Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Late Spring Frost" is as high as 95%, while the fruit setting rate of apples without the "Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Late Spring Frost" is only 2%.

[0091] Scientific basis of this invention:

[0092] 1. Activate high-altitude fogging during frost for physical protection. Water has a very high specific heat capacity of 4.2*10 J / (kg·℃) in its liquid state. During a cold snap in spring, the air temperature is low while the water temperature is high, and the water releases a large amount of heat to prevent the orchard temperature from dropping further. Even if the water on the surface of leaves, flowers, and branches in the orchard may freeze due to the rapid drop in air temperature, as long as water is sprayed continuously, keeping the organs of northern deciduous fruit trees in an ice-water mixture, the trees will not freeze. This is because the temperature of the ice-water mixture is 0 degrees Celsius, while the critical temperature for freezing during the flowering period of northern deciduous fruit trees is -2.2 to 1.7℃; and the critical temperature for freezing during the young fruit stage is -2.5 to 1.1℃.

[0093] 2. Applying foliar fertilizer in autumn can improve the storage of nutrients, increase the concentration of sugars, amino acids and minerals in the cytoplasm of plants, and enhance the cells' resistance to external disasters and climate.

[0094] 3. Before the orchard freezes, thoroughly irrigate it with antifreeze water to increase the soil moisture content and enhance the water's ability to buffer climate change by absorbing and releasing heat.

[0095] 4. Water the plants 15 days after the ground thaws in early spring to encourage bud break. Spring drought can cause problems; delaying flowering and avoiding frost is also beneficial.

[0096] 5. Spray with biological extracts before frost to induce frost resistance in flowers. Apply hormones after frost to alleviate damage. Enhance the plant's own resistance to frost.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] Based on Example 1, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, it also includes an auxiliary device for the method of preventing fruit trees from suffering from late spring frost. The auxiliary device includes: a smart trolley 1, a robotic arm 2, and an auxiliary pollination component 3. An electric lifting column 4 is fixedly installed at the center of the top of the smart trolley 1. Temperature sensors 5 and a control box 6 are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the smart trolley 1, respectively. A wireless transmission module 7 is fixedly installed at the right end of the smart trolley 1. The control box 6 is electrically connected to the electric lifting column 4, the temperature sensors 5, and the wireless transmission module 7. The robotic arm 2 is fixedly installed at the top of the electric lifting column 4. The robotic arm 2 is electrically connected to the control box 6. The auxiliary pollination component 3 is fixedly installed at the top end of the robotic arm 2.

[0099] The auxiliary pollination component 3 includes: a horizontal frame 8, the end of the robotic arm 2 is fixedly connected to the horizontal frame 8, a drive motor 9 is fixedly installed at the top right side of the horizontal frame 8, the drive motor 9 is electrically connected to the control box 6, the output shaft of the drive motor 9 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 10, the rotating shaft 10 rotates through the horizontal frame 8, the bottom end of the rotating shaft 10 is connected to a bevel gear 11, the bottom center of the horizontal frame 8 is fixedly connected to a vertical support 12, the top and bottom of the right side wall of the support 12 are respectively fixedly connected to a horizontal bar 13 and a horizontal bar 2 14, the right end of the horizontal bar 13 is rotatably connected to a bevel gear 2 15, the bevel gear 2 15 meshes with the bevel gear 11, the rear end of the shaft of the bevel gear 2 15 is fixedly connected to a cam 16, the right end of the horizontal bar 2 14 is fixedly connected to a vertical sleeve 17, and a push rod 18 is slidably connected up and down inside the sleeve 17.

[0100] The top of the push rod 18 is rotatably connected to the roller 19, which presses against the cam 16. The bottom of the crossbar 14 is fixedly connected to the baffle 20. The section of the push rod 18 between the baffle 20 and the sleeve 17 is fitted with a spring 21. The bottom of the push rod 18 is slidably connected to the connecting rod 22. The center of the connecting rod 22 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the bracket 12. The left end of the connecting rod 22 is fixedly connected to the horizontal feather duster 23. The left end of the crossbar 8 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pollen storage cylinder 24. The bottom wall of the pollen storage cylinder 24 has several through holes 25. The center of the bottom wall of the pollen storage cylinder 24 is rotatably connected to the turntable 26. The turntable 26 has several through holes 27. The bottom end of the central shaft of the turntable 26 is fixedly connected to the pulley 28. The top of the rotating shaft 10 is fixedly connected to the pulley 29. The pulley 29 and the pulley 28 are connected by a belt 30.

[0101] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In the auxiliary device of this invention, when the auxiliary device is running, the intelligent trolley 1 moves to the target position, the electric lifting column 4 rises, the robotic arm 2 extends forward to the fruit tree, the control box 6 controls the drive motor 9 to run, and the drive motor 9 drives the rotating shaft 10, pulley 29, and bevel gear 11 to rotate synchronously. Pulley 29 drives pulley 28 and turntable 26 to rotate via belt 30. When through hole 25 and through hole 27 are connected, active pollen falls into the chicken... On the feather duster 23, simultaneously, bevel gear 11 drives bevel gear 2 15 and cam 16 to rotate synchronously. Cam 16 contacts roller 19, causing push rod 18 to slide up and down in sleeve 17. Push rod 18 drives connecting rod 22 and feather duster 23 to swing back and forth to contact fruit tree flowers for artificial pollination. Intelligent car 1 receives and transmits signals through wireless transmission module 7, and can automatically inspect the situation in the orchard. Temperature sensor 5 is responsible for recording the temperature value in the orchard. Auxiliary pollination component 3 is beneficial to the fruit setting rate of fruit trees.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] Based on Examples 1-3, it also includes:

[0104] Automatic inspection unit: The intelligent vehicle 1 is equipped with an automatic inspection unit for performing inspections according to a preset inspection route.

[0105] The infrared temperature detection unit is used to detect the surface temperature changes of the high-altitude fogging system and the entire fruit tree planting area, including the surface temperature of the branch pipes and the ambient temperature.

[0106] The spray detection unit is used to detect parameters of high-altitude spray, including: spray particle size distribution, spray angle, and spray range;

[0107] The first detection unit is used to detect the mist parameters at the mist nozzle 31 of the branch pipe in the "water and fertilizer integration" system; the mist parameters include: mist temperature and mist flow rate;

[0108] The second detection unit is used to detect fog parameters when high-altitude fog falls onto tree branches;

[0109] The alarm unit is used to issue alarms according to different priority levels of abnormality detection.

[0110] Also includes:

[0111] The first calculation unit calculates the weighting coefficient of the uniformity of high-altitude spray in the acquisition area based on the parameters of the high-altitude spray detected by the spray detection unit:

[0112]

[0113] ψ is the uniformity weighting coefficient of the high-altitude spray in the collection area; ψ max ψ represents the maximum particle size of high-altitude spray detected by the spray detection unit within the detection time period. min β represents the minimum particle size of high-altitude spray detected by the spray detection unit within the detection time period; N represents the total number of spray detection units, and β... jmax α is the average spray angle detected by the j-th spray detection unit within the actual detection segment, where β0 is the target spray angle; ji This is the correction coefficient when the j-th spray detection unit detects the i-th feature of the spray range within the detection time period; M is the actual number of target spray detection units, n jimax Let n be the maximum value of the i-th feature of the spray range detected by the j-th spray detection unit within the detection time period. i0 is the theoretical value of the i-th feature of the spray range of the spray detection unit within the detection time period; f is the nonlinear modulation index of the spray detection unit, with a value of 1.2;

[0114] The j-th spray detection unit detects the i-th feature of the spray range during the detection time period, including: spray distance and radius;

[0115] The second calculation unit calculates the danger coefficient at the abnormal point of the branch pipe and the mist nozzle (31) based on the data from the infrared temperature detection unit, the first detection unit, the second detection unit, and the weighting coefficient of the high-altitude spray uniformity of the first calculation unit:

[0116]

[0117] Q j To assess the risk factor of the j-th branch pipe anomaly discovered during the inspection of the integrated water and fertilizer system; T j2 T represents the average temperature of the high-altitude fog detected by the second detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period. j1 G represents the average temperature of the high-altitude fog detected by the first detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period; j2 G represents the average detected value of the high-altitude fog flow rate of the second detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period; j1 G represents the average detected value of high-altitude fog flow rate of the first detection unit at the j-th branch anomaly point during the detection time period; Z ξ1 represents the target flow rate within the branch pipe section; ξ2 represents the first weight of the high-altitude fog spray state; ξ3 represents the second weight of the high-altitude fog spray state.

[0118] The comparison unit controls the alarm unit to sound when the risk coefficient of the j-th branch abnormal point is greater than the threshold, and the alarm unit prioritizes increasing the alarm volume when the risk coefficient of the j-th branch abnormal point is greater than the risk coefficient of the previous branch abnormal point.

[0119] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The automatic inspection unit enables the intelligent vehicle to inspect the orchard according to a preset route. Simultaneously, the first detection unit detects the mist parameters at the mist nozzles of the branch pipes in the "water and fertilizer integration" system. These mist parameters include mist temperature and mist flow rate. After temperature detection, the infrared temperature detection unit and image acquisition unit preliminarily identify temperature anomalies on the branch pipes of the orchard's "water and fertilizer integration" system. When the j-th branch pipe anomaly is detected, the first calculation unit calculates the weighting coefficient for the uniformity of high-altitude spraying in the collection area, increasing the weighting coefficient for the j-th branch pipe. The calculation accuracy of the second calculation unit is improved. The second calculation unit calculates the danger coefficient value of the j-th branch pipe abnormality point. The comparison unit compares the danger coefficient value of the j-th branch pipe abnormality point with the danger coefficient threshold. If it is greater than the threshold, the alarm unit will sound an alarm. When the danger coefficient value of the j-th branch pipe abnormality point is much greater than the danger coefficient value of the previous branch pipe abnormality point, the alarm unit increases the priority and increases the alarm volume of the j-th branch pipe abnormality point. At the same time, the on-site technicians will prioritize the handling of the j-th branch pipe abnormality point. This is beneficial to the alarm handling of the "water and fertilizer integration" system and helps prevent damage from late spring frosts to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of preventing spring frost damage to fruit trees, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: The "water and fertilizer integration" system of the fruit tree planting area is upgraded to realize frost prevention; Step 2: Foliar fertilizer is sprayed to the fruit trees through the "water and fertilizer integration" system to improve the storage nutrition of the fruit trees; Step 3: Before the fruit tree planting area is frozen, sufficient frost protection water is poured through flooding irrigation, and late pouring is performed to make the water move; Step 4: Before the frost arrives, biological extract is sprayed to induce the frost resistance of the flowers of the fruit trees; Step 5: When the frost occurs, the "water and fertilizer integration" system is started in a high-altitude mist mode to perform physical protection work; Step 6: After the frost occurs, hormones are sprayed to relieve the damage to the flowers of the fruit trees; Step 7: In the full-bloom period of the fruit trees, the fruit trees are artificially pollinated by using activated commercial pollen to improve the fruit setting rate; Step 8: Thinning is appropriately delayed, and one-time thinning is performed before bagging to remove abnormal fruits and diseased and insect-infested fruits and improve the high-quality fruit rate; The upgrading in the step 1 comprises the following steps: For modern orchard reconstruction, a branch pipe is arranged above the third iron wire of the support system of the original "water and fertilizer integration" system, a mist nozzle (31) is arranged on the branch pipe at every first preset distance, and the branch pipe is connected to the original "water and fertilizer integration" main pipe; For traditional old orchard reconstruction, the original "water and fertilizer integration" branch pipe is raised to a first preset height, and the original hanging spray pipe is lengthened to a first preset length, and the hanging spray pipe is lifted from below the branch pipe to above the branch pipe and fixed on a branch during the high-incidence period of the spring frost; In the step 2, foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 10 days from the middle of September to before the fruit trees shed leaves, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed; In the step 3, the moving water is poured 15 days after the spring thaw; In the step 4, the biological extract is sprayed once during the red-leaf period before flowering and is additionally sprayed once a day before the frost, the biological extract is 0.0075% 14-hydroxy brassinosteroid water agent diluted 2000 times and sea water soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times; In the step 5, the mist starting time is determined according to the time when the temperature reaches 0 DEG C according to the 24-hour weather forecast, and the mist system is started 4 hours in advance when the soil humidity is greater than 60%, and the mist system is started 6 hours in advance when the soil humidity is less than 60%; when the orchard is not frozen, the mist can be stopped after the temperature of the orchard reaches 5 DEG C above zero after the sun rises; when the orchard is frozen, the mist needs to be sprayed until the ice completely melts and the temperature of the orchard reaches 5 DEG C above zero; the pressure of the "water and fertilizer integration" system is increased to enhance the atomization effect, the pressure of the branch pipe is greater than 0.75 MPa, and the spray diameter is less than 100 um; In the step 6, the hormones are sprayed within 2 hours after the frost, and 50 nmol / L melatonin and 0.0075% 14-hydroxy brassinosteroid water agent diluted 3000 times are sprayed to relieve the damage. The auxiliary device comprises an intelligent trolley (1), a mechanical arm (2) and an auxiliary pollination assembly (3), a motorized lifting column (4) is fixedly installed at the top center of the intelligent trolley (1), temperature sensors (5) and a control box (6) are respectively fixedly arranged at the left and right sides of the top of the intelligent trolley (1), a wireless transmission module (7) is fixedly installed at the right end of the intelligent trolley (1), the control box (6) is electrically connected with the motorized lifting column (4), the temperature sensors (5) and the wireless transmission module (7), the mechanical arm (2) is fixedly installed at the top end of the motorized lifting column (4), the mechanical arm (2) is electrically connected with the control box (6), and the auxiliary pollination assembly (3) is fixedly installed at the top end of the mechanical arm (2); The auxiliary pollination assembly (3) comprises a cross frame (8), the cross frame (8) is fixedly connected to the end of the mechanical arm (2), a driving motor (9) is fixedly installed at the right top end of the cross frame (8), the driving motor (9) is electrically connected with the control box (6), the output shaft of the driving motor (9) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft I (10), the rotating shaft I (10) is rotatably arranged through the cross frame (8), the bottom end of the rotating shaft I (10) is connected with a bevel gear I (11), the bottom center of the cross frame (8) is fixedly connected with a vertical support I (12), the top and bottom of the right side wall of the support I (12) are respectively fixedly connected with a horizontal rod I (13) and a horizontal rod II (14), the right end of the horizontal rod I (13) is rotatably connected with a bevel gear II (15), the bevel gear II (15) is meshingly connected with the bevel gear I (11), the rear end of the shaft of the bevel gear II (15) is fixedly connected with a cam (16), the right end of the horizontal rod II (14) is fixedly connected with a vertical sleeve (17), and the inside of the sleeve (17) is slidably connected with a push rod I (18); The top end of the push rod I (18) is rotatably connected with a roller (19), the roller (19) is in close contact with the cam (16), the bottom of the horizontal rod II (14) is fixedly connected with a baffle (20), the segment of the push rod I (18) between the baffle (20) and the sleeve (17) is sleeved with a spring I (21), the bottom end of the push rod I (18) is slidably connected with a connecting rod I (22), the center of the connecting rod I (22) is rotatably connected with the bottom end of the support I (12), the left end of the connecting rod I (22) is fixedly connected with a horizontal chicken feather duster (23), the left end of the cross frame (8) is fixedly connected with a pollen storage cylinder (24) side wall, a plurality of through holes I (25) are distributed on the bottom wall of the pollen storage cylinder (24), a rotating disc (26) is rotatably connected with the center of the bottom wall of the pollen storage cylinder (24), a plurality of through holes II (27) are distributed on the rotating disc (26), the bottom end of the central shaft of the rotating disc (26) is fixedly connected with a pulley I (28), the top of the rotating shaft I (10) is fixedly connected with a pulley II (29), and the pulley II (29) is connected with the pulley I (28) through a belt I (30); Further comprising: An automatic inspection unit is arranged in the intelligent trolley (1) and is used for performing inspection according to a preset inspection route; An infrared temperature detection unit is used for detecting the surface temperature change state of the high-altitude mist system and the whole fruit tree planting area, and comprises branch surface temperature and environmental temperature; A spraying detection unit is used for detecting the parameters of high-altitude spraying, and comprises spraying particle size distribution, spraying angle and spraying range; The first detection unit is used for detecting the mist parameters at the mist nozzle (31) of the branch pipe in the "water and fertilizer integrated" system, and the mist parameters include: mist temperature and mist flow rate. The second detection unit is used for detecting the mist parameters when the high-altitude mist falls on the branches. The alarm unit is used for alarming according to different abnormal priority levels.

Images