Atomic beam velocity control system, method, device and medium

Abstract

The present application provides an atomic beam velocity control system, method, device and medium, which belongs to the field of atomic beam velocity control technology. The system includes: an atomic beam generation module for performing atomic beam generation processing on a target sample to obtain a first atomic beam; a velocity control module for adjusting the velocity of the first atomic beam according to the target parameters of a Zeeman reducer to obtain a target atomic beam; wherein the average velocity of the target atomic beam is less than the average velocity of the first atomic beam, and the target parameters are used to characterize the multiple parameters corresponding to the setting when the Zeeman reducer performs velocity adjustment. The embodiments of the present application can realize velocity control of atomic beams over a wide range, and can be widely used in the research of related physical and chemical reactions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of atomic beam velocity control, and in particular to an atomic beam velocity control system, method, device and medium. Background Art

[0002] Atomic beam is a kind of generalized molecular beam. Molecular beam velocity control refers to the process of directly or indirectly controlling the velocity of a molecular beam based on the physical properties and characteristics of the substance itself, using various means and techniques such as external fields or other substances (such as adjusting evaporation source parameters, applying external fields (magnetic fields or electric fields), air pressure control, and specific instruments, etc.). Molecular beam velocity control can more accurately control the propagation speed of the molecular beam in space.

[0003] A generalized molecular beam can usually be a gas that enters a vacuum environment from a high-pressure container through a small hole to obtain a molecular beam and perform subsequent speed control. However, for atoms with very low saturated vapor pressure at room temperature, it is impossible to obtain atoms directly from the background gas. The speed of the atomic beam generated by thermal evaporation obeys the Boltzmann distribution, and the speed adjustability is poor. Due to the relationship between the speed and energy of the atomic beam, the atomic beam generated in this way has a great impact on the experimental results when actually studying the collision energy dependence of the reaction, and cannot be effectively and widely used in related physical and chemical reaction research. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to propose an atomic beam velocity control system, method, device and medium, which can realize the velocity regulation of the atomic beam over a wide range and can be widely used in the research of related physical and chemical reactions.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an atomic beam speed control system, the system comprising: an atomic beam generating module and a speed control module;

[0006] The atomic beam generating module is used to perform atomic beam generating processing on the target sample to obtain a first atomic beam, and send the first atomic beam to the speed control module;

[0007] The speed control module includes a Zeeman slowdown device, and the speed control module is used to adjust the speed of the first atomic beam according to the target parameters of the Zeeman slowdown device to obtain a target atomic beam; wherein the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the first atomic beam, and the target parameters are used to characterize a plurality of parameters corresponding to the speed adjustment of the Zeeman slowdown device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the atomic beam generation module includes an atomic beam generation unit and a carrier gas generation unit;

[0009] The atomic beam generating module is used to perform an atomic beam generating process on a target sample to obtain a first atomic beam, and includes:

[0010] Based on the atomic beam generating unit, an atomic beam is generated on the target sample to obtain an initial atomic beam;

[0011] The carrier gas generating unit sprays a target carrier gas, and the initial atomic beam is gas-loaded according to the target carrier gas to obtain the first atomic beam. The average speed of the target carrier gas is smaller than the average speed of the initial atomic beam, and the average speed of the first atomic beam is greater than the average speed of the target carrier gas.

[0012] In some embodiments, adjusting the speed of the first atomic beam according to the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain the target atomic beam includes:

[0013] performing supersonic expansion on the target carrier gas and the initial atomic beam in the first atomic beam to obtain a second atomic beam;

[0014] The speed of the second atomic beam is adjusted based on the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain the target atomic beam.

[0015] In some embodiments, the speed control module includes an intermediate detection unit, and the speed adjustment of the second atomic beam based on the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain the target atomic beam includes:

[0016] Performing velocity detection on the second atomic beam based on the intermediate detection unit to determine a candidate flight velocity;

[0017] Adjusting the initial parameters of the Zeeman reducer based on the candidate flight speed to obtain the target parameters;

[0018] The speed of the first atomic beam is adjusted according to the target parameter to obtain the target atomic beam.

[0019] In some embodiments, adjusting the initial parameters of the Zeeman reducer based on the candidate flight speed to obtain the target parameters includes:

[0020] Obtaining a preset high-speed range threshold, where the high-speed range threshold is used to represent a minimum value for speed regulation of the atomic beam within the high-speed range;

[0021] Numerically comparing the candidate flight speed with the high speed range threshold to obtain a first comparison result;

[0022] The initial parameters are adjusted according to the first comparison result to obtain the target parameters.

[0023] In some embodiments, adjusting the initial parameter according to the first comparison result to obtain the target parameter includes:

[0024] If the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is greater than or equal to the high-speed range threshold, the initial parameter is adjusted to a preset value, and the target atomic beam is output based on the Zeeman reducer after the parameter adjustment, and the average speed of the target atomic beam is equal to the average speed of the second atomic beam;

[0025] If the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is less than the high-speed range threshold, the initial parameters are adjusted according to preset parameter adjustment rules, and the target atomic beam is output based on the Zeeman reducer after parameter adjustment, and the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the second atomic beam.

[0026] In some embodiments, the system further comprises a time delay signal generator, the time delay signal generator being communicatively connected to the carrier gas generating unit and the atomic beam generating module;

[0027] The carrier gas generating unit is also used to spray the target carrier gas according to the received first delay trigger signal sent by the delay signal generator;

[0028] The atomic beam generating module is also used to perform atomic beam generating processing on the target sample according to the received second delay trigger signal sent by the delay signal generator to obtain the first atomic beam.

[0029] In some embodiments, the system further comprises a first filter;

[0030] The first filter is arranged between the atomic beam generating module and the speed control module. The first filter is used to filter the first atomic beam to obtain a first filtered atomic beam, and send the first filtered atomic beam to the speed control module. The speed control module is used to adjust the speed of the first filtered atomic beam according to the target parameters of the Zeeman reducer to obtain the target atomic beam.

[0031] In some embodiments, the system further comprises a detection module;

[0032] The detection module is used to perform laser detection on the target atomic beam according to a preset detection laser to determine the target flight speed of the target atomic beam;

[0033] The detection module is also used to calculate the difference between the target flight speed and the preset flight speed to obtain the flight speed difference; if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, a gas adjustment signal is sent to the atomic beam generating module to change the type and mass ratio of the target carrier gas sprayed from the carrier gas generating unit according to the gas adjustment signal.

[0034] In some embodiments, after sending a gas adjustment signal to the atomic beam generating module if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than a preset difference threshold, so as to change the type and mass ratio of the target carrier gas ejected by the carrier gas generating unit according to the gas adjustment signal, the detection module is further used to:

[0035] If the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, sending a parameter adjustment signal to the speed control module;

[0036] The speed control module is also used to adjust the target parameter according to the received parameter adjustment signal, so as to obtain a new target flight speed according to the adjusted target parameter, and the absolute value of the flight speed difference corresponding to the new target flight speed is less than or equal to the preset difference threshold.

[0037] In some embodiments, the system further comprises a second filter;

[0038] The second filter is arranged between the speed control module and the detection module. The second filter is used to filter the target atomic beam to obtain a second filtered atomic beam, and send the first filtered atomic beam to the speed control module. The detection module is used to perform laser detection on the second filtered atomic beam according to the detection laser to determine the target flight speed of the second filtered atomic beam.

[0039] To achieve the above object, a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application proposes an atomic beam velocity control method, which is applied to an atomic beam velocity control system proposed in the first aspect, and the method includes:

[0040] performing an atomic beam generation process on a target sample to obtain a first atomic beam;

[0041] The speed of the first atomic beam is adjusted according to the target parameters of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain a target atomic beam; wherein the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the first atomic beam, and the target parameters are used to characterize multiple parameters corresponding to the speed adjustment of the Zeeman slowdown.

[0042] To achieve the above objective, a third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a computer device, including:

[0043] at least one memory;

[0044] at least one processor;

[0045] at least one computer program;

[0046] The at least one computer program is stored in the at least one memory, and the at least one processor executes the at least one computer program to implement the method described in the second aspect above.

[0047] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application proposes a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is used to enable a computer to execute the method described in the second aspect above.

[0048] The embodiment of the present application proposes an atomic beam speed control system, method, device and medium, which processes the target sample through the atomic beam generation module to obtain a first atomic beam, and adjusts the speed of the first atomic beam by setting the target parameters of the Zeeman reducer in the speed control module to obtain a target atomic beam of the required speed. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can generate an atomic beam of a single sample in a high vacuum environment, and can achieve flexible speed control of the atomic beam over a wide range, and can be widely used in the research of related physical and chemical reactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an atomic beam velocity control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 2 is a flow chart of an atomic beam velocity control method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A specific flow chart of step S220;

[0052] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A specific flow chart of step S320;

[0053] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A specific flow chart of step S420;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the result of adjusting the speed of the atomic beam by different types of carrier gases provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a Zeeman reducer provided in an embodiment of the present application for regulating the velocity of an atomic beam;

[0056] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the computer device provided in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0058] It should be noted that, although the functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification, claims and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0060] First, some nouns involved in this application are analyzed:

[0061] Molecule: It is a whole composed of atoms bonded together in a certain bonding order and spatial arrangement. This bonding order and spatial arrangement relationship is called molecular structure. Atoms are the smallest units of matter, such as hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, etc. Among them, atoms are composed of atomic nuclei and electrons.

[0062] Alkali metals: refers to the first group of elements in the periodic table, including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr). These elements have similar chemical properties, usually with low density, low melting point and high reactivity. These elements exist in nature in the form of compounds, such as oxides, hydroxides, etc. Alkali metals usually have an oxidation state of +1 and are prone to losing an electron to form a cation.

[0063] Alkaline earth metals: refers to the second group elements in the periodic table, including beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). These elements also have similar chemical properties, usually with higher melting points and lower electronegativity. Alkaline earth metals exist in nature in the form of compounds, such as oxides, carbonates, etc. Alkaline earth metals usually have an oxidation state of +2 and are prone to losing two electrons to form cations.

[0064] Atomic beams are a type of generalized molecular beams. Molecular beam velocity control refers to the process of directly or indirectly controlling the velocity of a molecular beam by using various means and techniques such as external fields or other substances (such as adjusting evaporation source parameters, applying external fields (magnetic fields or electric fields), gas pressure control, and specific instruments, etc.) based on the physical properties and characteristics of the substance itself. Molecular beam velocity control can more accurately control the propagation speed of the molecular beam in space. Molecular beam velocity control has always been a cutting-edge research topic in the field of molecular beam technology. It can be used to study surface physical and chemical phenomena, and is also an important tool for understanding microscopic reaction dynamics.

[0065] A generalized molecular beam can usually be a gas that enters a vacuum environment from a high-pressure container through a small hole to obtain a molecular beam and perform subsequent speed control. However, for atoms with very low saturated vapor pressure at room temperature, it is impossible to obtain atoms directly from the background gas. The speed of the atomic beam generated by thermal evaporation obeys the Boltzmann distribution, and the speed adjustability is poor. In addition, although the relevant technology can also generate atomic beams by laser sputtering, due to the high energy of the laser, the generated atomic beam has a high kinetic energy and cannot be directly used.

[0066] Based on this, due to the relationship between the speed and energy of the atomic beam, the atomic beam generated in this way has a great impact on the experimental results when actually studying the collision energy dependence of the reaction, and cannot be effectively and widely used in related physical and chemical reaction research. Therefore, it is usually hoped to use a molecular beam with small velocity broadening (i.e., narrow velocity distribution) and clear kinetic energy as the cross-beam experimental reaction species, and at the same time, it is possible to achieve adjustable velocity of the molecular beam over a large range to study the collision energy dependence of the reaction.

[0067] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide an atomic beam velocity control system, method, device and medium, which can realize velocity control of the atomic beam over a wide range and can be widely used in the research of related physical and chemical reactions.

[0068] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is an optional structural schematic diagram of the atomic beam velocity control system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The atomic beam speed control system 100 may specifically include but is not limited to: an atomic beam generation module 110 and a speed control module 120 .

[0069] In one embodiment, the atomic beam velocity control system 100 may further include a detection module 130 , and the specific module structures of the atomic beam generation module 110 , the velocity control module 120 and the detection module 130 are described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0070] Based on this, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 is an optional flow chart of the atomic beam velocity control method provided in the embodiment of the present application, which is applied to the above-mentioned Figure 1 In some embodiments, the atomic beam velocity control method provided in the embodiments of the present application may specifically include but is not limited to steps S210 to S220.

[0071] Step S210, performing an atomic beam generation process on a target sample to obtain a first atomic beam;

[0072] Step S220, adjusting the speed of the first atomic beam according to the target parameter of the Zeeman reducer to obtain a target atomic beam; wherein the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the first atomic beam, and the target parameter is used to characterize a plurality of parameters corresponding to the setting when the Zeeman reducer performs speed adjustment;

[0073] In one embodiment, after step S220, the atomic beam velocity control method provided by the present application may further include:

[0074] Step S230 , performing laser detection on the target atomic beam according to a preset detection laser to determine the target flight speed of the target atomic beam.

[0075] Combine the following Figure 2 right Figure 1 The structure of the atomic beam velocity control system 100 and the specific velocity control process are introduced in detail.

[0076] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the atomic beam generating module 110 includes an atomic beam generating unit 111 and a carrier gas generating unit 112 .

[0077] The atomic beam generating unit 111 refers to a device for generating an atomic beam corresponding to a target sample. A target sample refers to a substance for which a corresponding atomic beam needs to be prepared. The present application has strong applicability and can be used for a wide range of speed-adjustable experiments of most alkali metal and alkaline earth metal atomic beams. Therefore, the target sample can be any one of an alkali metal (lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), etc.) or an alkaline earth metal (beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), etc.). The embodiment of the present application is directed to a specific metal atom, lithium atom, with a chemical formula of Li, which has two isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, and an experimental description is specifically performed for 7Li.

[0078] The carrier gas generating unit refers to a device that generates gas for adjusting the flight speed of the atomic beam corresponding to the target sample. The carrier gas ejected by the carrier gas generating unit can be an inert gas, such as helium (He) gas, neon (Ne) gas, argon (Ar) gas, krypton (Kr) gas, etc., which can be flexibly set according to actual needs.

[0079] It should be noted that the atomic beam generating unit 111 includes but is not limited to a thermal atomic furnace or a sputtering laser device. That is, in one embodiment, the process of the atomic beam generating module performing atomic beam generating processing on the target sample in step S210 can be: performing atomic beam generating processing on the target sample by the atomic beam generating unit 111 to obtain a first atomic beam. Specifically, if the atomic beam generating unit 111 is a thermal atomic furnace, such as Figure 1 As shown, a thermal atomic furnace can be set below the target sample 140. At this time, the thermal atomic furnace can be heated to heat the target sample 140 to evaporate and generate the first atomic beam. Therefore, by means of the thermal atomic furnace, the temperature can be adjusted in a wide range to control the average speed of the emitted atomic beam, that is, to maintain good performance while producing atomic beams with different average speeds.

[0080] It should be noted that if the atomic beam generating unit 111 is a thermal atomic furnace, the first atomic beam obtained refers to the atomic beam naturally ejected from the thermal atomic furnace when it is heated. The speed of the first atomic beam at this time obeys the Boltzmann distribution. For example, when heated at 400°C, the speed is usually distributed within 0-3000m / s. Although the speed distribution is so wide, the corresponding overall average speed (that is, the average speed mentioned in this application) can be calculated. Therefore, by changing the heating temperature of the thermal atomic furnace, atomic beams with different average speeds will be generated accordingly. It is understandable that in an experiment, usually only one heating temperature is selected.

[0081] It should be noted that the thermal atomic furnace of the present application can be a container for holding target samples, and can also be understood as an evaporation source. For example, the thermal atomic furnace of the present application can be a stainless steel container designed and processed according to experimental requirements. It has a heating wire and a thermocouple for temperature measurement on the outside, and uses a temperature control device with a PID module for heating and temperature control.

[0082] In another embodiment, if the atomic beam generating unit 111 is a sputtering laser device, a sputtering laser can be arranged above the target sample 140, and the target sample surface is sputtered by the sputtering laser to stimulate the generation of an initial atomic beam. The sputtering laser can adjust key parameters such as the speed and quantity of the pulsed atomic beam by adjusting parameters such as power density and energy. Since the atomic beam generated by the sputtering laser is in a pulsed form and the speed of the generated initial atomic beam is relatively high, in order to achieve controllable speed of the atomic beam, the present application loads the initial atomic beam into the target carrier gas to achieve adjustable speed of the atomic beam within a high-speed range. The carrier gas is a gas molecule, that is, a monatomic gas.

[0083] Specifically, the process of performing atomic beam generation processing on the target sample by the atomic beam generating module in step S210 may also include: performing atomic beam generation processing on the target sample based on the atomic beam generating unit 111 to obtain an initial atomic beam; spraying a target carrier gas based on the carrier gas generating unit 112, and performing gas loading on the initial atomic beam according to the target carrier gas to obtain a first atomic beam, wherein the average speed of the target carrier gas is less than the average speed of the initial atomic beam, and the average speed of the first atomic beam is greater than the average speed of the target carrier gas.

[0084] It is understandable that the initial atomic beam is an atomic beam in the form of a pulse generated by a sputtering laser. The carrier gas generating unit 112 can first eject the initial carrier gas. Since the gas density of the initial carrier gas is very high and the speed is relatively large when it is just ejected, the initial carrier gas itself expands rapidly, that is, the initial carrier gas can first undergo a supersonic expansion to obtain the target carrier gas. The initial carrier gas is a pre-prepared carrier gas of different mass ratios. Therefore, the target carrier gas refers to the gas obtained after the initial carrier gas ejected by the carrier gas generating unit 112 undergoes a supersonic expansion. In other words, the target carrier gas can also be understood as a supersonic gas flow ejected by the carrier gas generating unit 112 through a suitable nozzle or device. Therefore, the first atomic beam at this time refers to an atomic beam mixed with the target carrier gas and the initial atomic beam. Because different carrier gases have different speeds (hundreds to thousands of meters per second) when ejected. However, the atomic beam (i.e., the initial atomic beam, such as thousands of m / s) generated by laser sputtering has an extremely high speed, which is much greater than the speed of the target carrier gas. Therefore, the purpose of loading the initial atomic beam with the target carrier gas is to mix the high-speed initial atomic beam with the target carrier gas, and to reduce the speed of the initial atomic beam through collision and kinetic energy averaging, so as to achieve adjustable speed of the atomic beam within a high-speed range. It can be seen that the average speed of the target carrier gas after gas loading is less than the average speed of the initial atomic beam, and the average speed of the first atomic beam is greater than the average speed of the target carrier gas. For example, the average speed of the initial atomic beam generated by the sputtering laser is greater than 5000 meters per second (m / s), which is a high-speed atomic beam. After gas loading with target carrier gases of different types and mass ratios, the obtained first atomic beam can be decelerated to 1100-600m / s.

[0085] It can be seen that the initial carrier gas ejected by the carrier gas generating unit 112 undergoes supersonic expansion to generate a low-speed target carrier gas. When the initial atomic beam is loaded into the target carrier gas, the supersonic expansion of the target carrier gas may not be completely completed, and after the initial atomic beam is loaded into the target carrier gas, the target carrier gas in the first atomic beam and the initial atomic beam will further undergo supersonic expansion to achieve a deceleration effect on the initial atomic beam.

[0086] In addition, in another embodiment, the speed of the first atomic beam generated by the thermal atomic furnace is distributed within the range of 0-3000m / s. If the average speed of the generated first atomic beam is relatively high, the present application can also gas-load the first atomic beam generated by the thermal atomic furnace and the target carrier gas, and update the first atomic beam according to the loaded atomic beam to achieve adjustable speed of the atomic beam within a high-speed range.

[0087] Therefore, the atomic beam generating module 110 of the present application can generate atomic beams in pulse form and continuous form at the same time, and has stronger applicability. When in pulse mode, the atomic beam is ejected through the small hole of the carrier gas generating unit, and the sputtering laser generates the initial atomic beam and is loaded into the target carrier gas, so that the speed can be adjusted within the high-speed range, and can be further decelerated by the Zeeman reducer to the low-speed range. When in continuous mode, the atomic beam is ejected through the small hole of the thermal atomic furnace, and is decelerated by the Zeeman reducer and is adjustable within the low-speed range.

[0088] In some embodiments, the speed control module 120 includes a Zeeman reducer 121, such as Figure 3 As shown, step S220 may specifically include but is not limited to steps S310 to S320.

[0089] Step S310, performing supersonic expansion on the target carrier gas in the first atomic beam and the initial atomic beam to obtain a second atomic beam;

[0090] Step S320, adjusting the speed of the second atomic beam based on the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown device to obtain a target atomic beam.

[0091] It should be noted that if the first atomic beam contains a target carrier gas and an initial atomic beam, the target carrier gas and the initial atomic beam will undergo further supersonic expansion. That is to say, during the supersonic expansion process, the carrier gas generating unit 112 ejects a supersonic gas flow (i.e., the initial carrier gas) through a suitable nozzle or device, and the speed of the supersonic gas flow is lower than the average speed of the initial atomic beam. The supersonic gas flow itself undergoes a supersonic expansion to obtain the target carrier gas to achieve a reduction in the carrier gas speed. Therefore, the supersonic expansion process is a series of complex dynamic phenomena caused by the interaction between gas molecules and the interaction with the fluid surroundings, thereby reducing or increasing the average speed of the initial atomic beam to obtain a second atomic beam. Therefore, when the atomic beam is adjustable in speed within a high-speed range, the average speed of the second atomic beam is less than the first atomic beam. In other words, the target carrier gas is a relatively low-speed carrier gas obtained after supersonic expansion, and then the relatively low-speed carrier gas is loaded and collided with the high-speed initial atomic beam to achieve further supersonic expansion to obtain a second atomic beam. The first atomic beam can be the same atomic beam as the second atomic beam, which mainly depends on the position where the atomic beam is loaded into the carrier gas.

[0092] The Zeeman slowdown device is a device used to adjust the speed of an atomic beam, which slows down the atomic beam through the action of magnetic and electric fields. The Zeeman slowdown device is constructed according to the Zeeman slowdown principle. It is wound with a hollow copper wire, generates a gradient Zeeman magnetic field through an external current, and circulates cooling water inside. After the high-speed second atomic beam flies into the Zeeman slowdown device, it is continuously slowed down to a low-speed state by the Zeeman slowdown light traveling in the opposite direction, thereby achieving the enrichment of the number of low-speed atoms.

[0093] In some embodiments, the speed control module 120 includes an intermediate detection unit 122, which is used to detect an average speed of the second atomic beam at a location.

[0094] It should be noted that there is a certain distance between the atomic beam generating module 110 and the Zeeman slowdown device 121, and the supersonic expansion process of the target carrier gas and the initial atomic beam requires a distance, so the second atomic beam passing through the intermediate detection unit 122 may not have completed the supersonic expansion.

[0095] In some embodiments, the parameters of the Zeeman reducer can be adjusted in advance according to the requirements of speed control to determine the target parameters. Therefore, step S320 can specifically include: performing speed detection on the second atomic beam based on the intermediate detection unit to determine the candidate flight speed; obtaining the target parameters of the Zeeman reducer, and adjusting the candidate flight speed of the first atomic beam according to the target parameters to obtain the target atomic beam. At this time, the average speed of the target atomic beam is within the required range of speed control.

[0096] In other embodiments, whether to start the Zeeman slowdown can be determined based on the speed of the atomic beam detected by the intermediate detection unit 122. Figure 4 As shown, step S320 may specifically include but is not limited to steps S410 to S430.

[0097] Step S410, performing velocity detection on the second atomic beam based on the intermediate detection unit to determine a candidate flight velocity;

[0098] Step S420, adjusting the initial parameters of the Zeeman reducer based on the candidate flight speed to obtain target parameters;

[0099] Step S430, adjusting the speed of the first atomic beam according to the target parameters to obtain a target atomic beam.

[0100] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the intermediate detection unit 122 can be a four-way structure for characterizing the velocity of the second atomic beam just ejected. The four-way structure has four windows, the left and right windows are for connecting the vacuum on both sides of the atomic beam generation module and the velocity control module, and the front and rear windows are equivalent to light windows to realize the velocity detection of the second atomic beam.

[0101] In another embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the intermediate detection unit 122 may also be of the same structure as the detection module 130. In order to realize the velocity detection of the second atomic beam, reference may be made to the detailed structural description of the detection module in the following embodiments.

[0102] It should be noted that the candidate flight velocity refers to the average velocity of the second atomic beam detected by the intermediate detection unit. The target parameters refer to a plurality of parameters set when the Zeeman reducer performs velocity adjustment on the candidate flight velocity.

[0103] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, step S420 may specifically include but is not limited to steps S510 to S530.

[0104] Step S510, obtaining a preset high-speed range threshold, where the high-speed range threshold is used to represent a minimum value for adjusting the speed of the atomic beam within the high-speed range;

[0105] Step S520, numerically comparing the candidate flight speed with the high-speed range threshold to obtain a first comparison result;

[0106] Step S530: adjusting the initial parameters according to the first comparison result to obtain target parameters.

[0107] It is understandable that, since the atomic beam wants to achieve a wide range of speed regulation within the high-speed range, the present application introduces a target carrier gas to reduce the speed of the first atomic beam. At this time, if the speed is reduced by the Zeeman reducer, it is easy to affect the speed regulation of the atomic beam in the high-speed range. Therefore, after determining the candidate flight speed through the intermediate detection unit, the candidate flight speed and the high-speed range threshold are numerically compared to obtain a first comparison result. The first comparison result is used to characterize the degree of change in the parameters of the Zeeman reducer to achieve speed regulation of the atomic beam in a wide range.

[0108] It should be noted that step S530 may include the following two situations:

[0109] Case 1: If the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is greater than or equal to the high-speed range threshold, the initial parameters are adjusted to preset values, and the target atomic beam is output based on the Zeeman reducer after parameter adjustment, and the average speed of the target atomic beam is equal to the average speed of the second atomic beam.

[0110] Case 2: If the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is less than the high-speed range threshold, the initial parameters are adjusted according to the preset parameter adjustment rules, and the target atomic beam is output based on the Zeeman reducer after the parameter adjustment, and the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the second atomic beam.

[0111] It should be noted that the initial parameters include the Zeeman deceleration current value, the Zeeman deceleration light frequency value, the number of coil turns of the Zeeman decelerator, etc. Therefore, by adjusting the initial parameters, different types of atomic beams can be realized at the exit of the Zeeman decelerator, and the speed in the low speed range can be obtained. Therefore, the target parameters are the parameters such as the number of coil turns of the Zeeman decelerator, the Zeeman deceleration current value, and the Zeeman deceleration light frequency value determined after adjusting the initial parameters.

[0112] It is understandable that in order to improve the speed regulation efficiency while achieving atomic beam speed control, if the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is greater than or equal to the high-speed range threshold, the atomic beam of the target sample needs to be speed-controlled in the high-speed range. Because, if it is reduced to the low-speed range at this time, the span is too large and the efficiency is reduced. For example, the high-speed range is a flight speed above 2500m / s, because the high-speed range threshold is 2500m / s. At this time, if the candidate flight speed is 3000m / s, by numerically comparing the candidate flight speed and the high-speed range threshold, the first comparison result is that the candidate flight speed is greater than the high-speed range threshold, that is, the atomic beam of the target sample needs to be speed-controlled in the high-speed range.

[0113] That is to say, if the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is greater than or equal to the high speed range threshold, then the Zeeman slowdown device does not need to slow down the second atomic beam of the target sample again. The preset value at this time is used to characterize the value that makes the Zeeman slowdown device invalid or has a low deceleration effect. For example, the preset value can be 0. If the preset value is 0, the Zeeman slowdown device at this time is equivalent to a conduit for conducting gas, and the average speed of the output target atomic beam is equal to the average speed of the second atomic beam, and the speed is not reduced.

[0114] It should be noted that if the experiment is to obtain a low-speed atomic beam, then even if the first comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is greater than or equal to the high-speed range threshold, the initial parameters can be adjusted according to the preset parameter adjustment rules, and the target atomic beam output by the Zeeman reducer after parameter adjustment can be used, and the average speed of the current target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the second atomic beam.

[0115] It should be noted that the parameter adjustment rule may refer to a pre-set speed reduction range and corresponding parameter setting rule. In other words, if the Zeeman reducer is expected to reduce the speed by 100 m / s, the corresponding initial parameter value to be adjusted may be determined according to the parameter adjustment rule to obtain the target parameter.

[0116] It should be noted that the present application can also obtain a preset low-speed range threshold, and the low-speed range threshold is used to represent the maximum value of speed regulation of the atomic beam within the low-speed range. Therefore, step S420 may include: numerically comparing the candidate flight speed and the low-speed range threshold to obtain a second comparison result; adjusting the initial parameters according to the second comparison result to obtain the target parameters. In other words, in order to improve the speed regulation efficiency while achieving atomic beam speed control, if the second comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is less than the low-speed range threshold, it is necessary to perform speed regulation of the atomic beam of the target sample within the low-speed range.

[0117] Specifically, if the second comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is greater than or equal to the low-speed range threshold, then the Zeeman reducer is not required to slow down the second atomic beam of the target sample again. The target parameter can be set to a preset value. The preset value at this time is used to characterize the value that makes the Zeeman reducer invalid or has a low deceleration effect. For example, the preset value can be 0. If the second comparison result indicates that the candidate flight speed is less than the low-speed range threshold, then the Zeeman reducer is required to regulate the second atomic beam of the target sample in the low-speed range. The initial parameters are adjusted according to the preset parameter adjustment rules, and the target atomic beam is output based on the Zeeman reducer after the parameter adjustment, and the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the second atomic beam.

[0118] In one embodiment, the atomic beam velocity control system provided in the present application further includes a delay signal generator, which is communicatively connected to the carrier gas generating unit and the atomic beam generating module.

[0119] Based on this, specifically: the carrier gas generating unit is also used to spray the target carrier gas according to the first delay trigger signal emitted by the received delay signal generator; the atomic beam generating module is also used to perform atomic beam generation processing on the target sample according to the second delay trigger signal emitted by the received delay signal generator to obtain a first atomic beam.

[0120] The first delay trigger signal is a signal sent by the delay signal generator to the carrier gas generating unit. The first delay trigger signal is a signal determined based on the initial delay trigger signal (i.e., corresponding to time zero). For example, the time point corresponding to the initial delay trigger signal is t0, and the first time interval corresponding to the first delay trigger signal is t1. Then the delay signal generator sends the first delay trigger signal to the carrier gas generating unit after the time interval of t1 based on t0. At this time, the carrier gas generating unit is turned on and sprays the target carrier gas.

[0121] Similarly, the second delayed trigger signal is a signal sent by the delay signal generator to the atomic beam generating module. The second delayed trigger signal is a signal determined based on the initial delayed trigger signal (i.e., corresponding to time zero). For example, the time point corresponding to the initial delayed trigger signal is t0, and the second time interval corresponding to the second delayed trigger signal is t2. The delay signal generator sends the second delayed trigger signal to the atomic beam generating module after the time interval of t2 based on t0. At this time, the atomic beam generating module turns on and ejects the initial atomic beam, and combines with the carrier gas to obtain the first atomic beam.

[0122] It should be noted that a delay signal generator is a device used to generate a signal with a certain delay. Delay signal generators usually have high-precision delay control capabilities and can achieve nanosecond or even higher precision delays. They may also have features such as multi-channel output, programmable pulse width and repetition rate, and trigger functions to meet the needs of different applications.

[0123] Exemplarily, if the atomic beam generating module uses a sputtering laser to generate a first atomic beam, a second delay trigger signal is given to the sputtering laser through a signal delay generator. During the laser sputtering process, the atomic beam generated after acting on the target sample will go in the opposite direction of the sputtering laser. For example, when the laser is fired downward, the corresponding atomic beam goes upward. Since the position of the carrier gas is above the atomic beam generated by the target sample, the atomic beam generated by the target sample will be carried in the carrier gas. In other words, the atomic beam generated by the sputtering laser is loaded into the carrier gas to obtain a first atomic beam. Since the atomic beam loading occurs before the supersonic expansion of the molecular beam, the carrier gas can carry the initial atomic beam together for supersonic expansion and deceleration.

[0124] In summary, in practical applications, if the experimenter ultimately wants to obtain a high-speed atomic beam (such as an atomic beam of >500m / s), this can be achieved by loading the atomic beam into a carrier gas. If the experimenter wants to obtain a low-speed atomic beam (such as an atomic beam of <500m / s), it is necessary to further reduce its speed through a Zeeman reducer.

[0125] In one embodiment, Figure 1As shown, the detection module 130 is used to perform laser detection on the target atomic beam according to the preset detection laser to determine the target flight speed of the target atomic beam. Specifically, the detection module 130 may include instruments such as a detection chamber, a detection laser, a camera, a photoelectric detection tube and an oscilloscope. In addition, the detection module 130 may detect by resonant atomic fluorescence. There are multiple windows on the detection chamber, and when the optical system interacts with the atoms, they must pass through the quartz glass windows on the vacuum cavity. And the center of the device can be aligned through the windows at both ends of the device axis to ensure that the flight path of the atomic beam and the Zeeman deceleration light can completely overlap and continue to decelerate. Therefore, the atomic beam speed is detected by resonant atomic fluorescence, and a detection laser and a photoelectric detection tube are set up in the detection chamber, and the detection laser frequency and other parameters are adjusted to meet the measurement requirements. The flight speed of the atomic beam can be accurately calculated by collecting the absorption signal of the atoms for the resonance fluorescence. In other words, the detection module constructed by the present application can have a higher measurement accuracy, so as to better realize the speed control of the atomic beam.

[0126] In one embodiment, when a photodetector tube is used for detection, the direction of the detection laser is perpendicular to the flight direction of the target atomic beam, and passes through the atomic beam and is incident on the photosensitive surface of the photodetector tube. At this time, the photodetector tube converts the received light signal into an electrical signal, which is transmitted through the BNC line and finally displayed on the oscilloscope.

[0127] In another embodiment, when a camera is used for detection, the direction of the detection laser is at a small angle to the flight direction of the target atom beam, such as 45° in this embodiment. At this time, when the detection laser frequency is close to the atomic resonance, the atoms can emit fluorescence and be captured by the camera and transmit the real-time image to the computer.

[0128] It should be noted that when the atomic beam speed is not zero, the resonant frequency of the atoms at a specific speed can be calculated based on the Doppler shift frequency formula. The resonant frequency laser also uses an additionally purchased diode laser to adjust the laser frequency to the resonant frequency by regulating the temperature and current of the diode.

[0129] It should be noted that the detection module 130 of the present application can use a resonant frequency laser to measure an atomic absorption signal in a detection chamber, calculate the corresponding atomic beam velocity based on the absorption signal graph, and finally adjust the corresponding parameters of the speed control unit based on the measured atomic beam velocity.

[0130] It should be noted that the atomic beam velocity control system constructed in the present application can maintain the vacuum of the entire system at 10 -8Torr or less. "Torr" is a unit of pressure, representing one ten-thousandth of standard atmospheric pressure. 1 Torr is equal to 0.00133322 standard atmospheric pressure, or about 133.322 Pascals (Pa). That is to say, in practical applications, when assembling a vacuum atomic beam velocity control system, the present application can coaxially install the atomic beam generation module, the velocity control module and the detection module in sequence, and install a colander between each adjacent module, and use a vacuum pump to maintain the vacuum system below the 10-8 Torr level.

[0131] It should be noted that the target flight speed refers to the predetermined speed of the target atomic beam that is ultimately desired to be obtained.

[0132] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the atomic beam velocity control system provided by the present application further includes a first filter 150 and a second filter 160 .

[0133] The first filter 150 is arranged between the atomic beam generating module and the speed control module. The first filter is used to filter the first atomic beam to obtain a first filtered atomic beam, and send the first filtered atomic beam to the speed control module. The speed control module is used to adjust the speed of the first filtered atomic beam according to the target parameter of the Zeeman reducer to obtain a target atomic beam.

[0134] The second filter 160 is arranged between the speed control module and the detection module. The second filter is used to filter the target atomic beam to obtain a second filtered atomic beam, and send the first filtered atomic beam to the speed control module. The detection module is used to perform laser detection on the second filtered atomic beam according to the detection laser to determine the target flight speed of the second filtered atomic beam.

[0135] It should be noted that the first filter 150 and the second filter 160 of the present application can be a colander, etc., which are used to prevent the atomic beam from being unable to be used due to the large divergence angle, causing subsequent contamination of the chamber. This is because the vacuum of the experimental device is mainly achieved by reducing the number of gas molecules in the chamber. Due to the large divergence angle of the atomic beam, it may fly to the inner wall of the vacuum and adhere to it before deceleration. It may be desorbed later during the experiment or when the device is baked. This part cannot be used in time and is an undesirable component in the experiment, so it will pollute and affect the vacuum of the chamber.

[0136] In one embodiment, after step S230, the detection module is also used to: calculate the difference between the target flight speed and the preset flight speed to obtain the flight speed difference; if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, send a gas adjustment signal to the atomic beam generating module to change the type and mass ratio of the target carrier gas sprayed by the carrier gas generating unit according to the gas adjustment signal.

[0137] It should be noted that the preset flight speed refers to the speed that the target atomic beam needs to reach in advance. In order to achieve controllable and adjustable speed of the atomic beam, that is, to obtain the required preset flight speed, the detection module of the present application can perform a difference calculation between the target flight speed and the preset flight speed after detecting the target flight speed of the target atomic beam, and obtain a flight speed difference. This flight speed difference is used to characterize the difference between the detected target flight speed and the preset flight speed.

[0138] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the specific calculation method of the flight speed difference. If the flight speed difference is the target flight speed minus the preset flight speed, the obtained flight speed difference can be a positive value, 0 or a negative value. At this time, a positive flight speed difference indicates that the target flight speed is greater than the preset flight speed, a flight speed difference of 0 indicates that the target flight speed is exactly equal to the preset flight speed, and a positive flight speed difference indicates that the target flight speed is less than the preset flight speed. Since there is a certain error in the composition process of the system device, the possibility that the preset flight speed is exactly equal to the target flight speed is small. In order to improve the practicality of the atomic beam speed control system, the present application will compare the flight speed difference with the preset difference threshold to determine whether the target flight speed of the target atomic beam obtained meets the preset speed requirement. The preset difference threshold is used to characterize the maximum error that meets the preset speed requirement. Therefore, if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is less than or equal to the preset difference threshold, it is characterized that the currently obtained target atomic beam is an atomic beam that meets the speed requirement. If the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, a gas adjustment signal is sent to the atomic beam generating module to change the type and mass ratio of the target carrier gas sprayed by the carrier gas generating unit according to the gas adjustment signal, and re-acquire the target atomic beam according to the adjusted carrier gas generating unit until a target atomic beam that meets the speed requirements is obtained.

[0139] Based on this, it should be noted that if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, a gas adjustment signal is sent to the atomic beam generating module to change the type and mass ratio of the target carrier gas ejected by the carrier gas generating unit according to the gas adjustment signal. The detection module is also used to: if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, send a parameter adjustment signal to the speed control module. At this time, the speed control module is also used to adjust the target parameters according to the received parameter adjustment signal to obtain a new target flight speed according to the adjusted target parameters. The absolute value of the flight speed difference corresponding to the new target flight speed is less than or equal to the preset difference threshold, and at this time, the atomic beam corresponding to the new target flight speed is the target atomic beam that meets the speed requirements.

[0140] In a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6The schematic diagram shows the result of adjusting the atomic beam speed using different types of carrier gases with 7Li as the target sample. Because the present application can adjust the atomic speed within a certain range by mixing different types of carrier gases and preparing different mass ratios, Figure 6 The figure shows the speed of the atomic beam corresponding to 7Li detected by the molecular beam under He gas, Ne gas, Ar gas and Kr gas. This speed is obtained by dividing the fixed distance from the sputtering position to the final detection position of the target sample by the time from sputtering to detection. The relative intensity is used to characterize an amplitude and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions. The greater the relative intensity, the more atoms are carried by the carrier gas in the corresponding target atomic beam. Among them, in actual applications, different gas pipes and gas paths can be connected to the carrier gas generating unit to achieve different carrier gases being ejected.

[0141] For example, in the present application, if a high-speed atomic beam with an average speed of 1400 m / s or less is ejected, it can be decelerated to 10-600 m / s by adjusting the Zeeman decelerator current and the Zeeman deceleration laser frequency. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a Zeeman slowdown device adjusting the speed of an atomic beam is shown. Among them, the scatter plots drawn by different symbols (such as triangles, stars, asterisks, etc.) are used to characterize the atomic beams of different speeds detected at different Zeeman slowdown light frequency values. For example, 446.809800THz represents the Zeeman slowdown light frequency value, THz is terahertz, and T is 10 to the 12th power. Therefore, when this Zeeman slowdown light frequency value is closer to the resonant frequency of the atomic beam, the corresponding signal intensity is greater. Moreover, this Zeeman slowdown light frequency value and wavelength can be converted into each other.

[0142] In the atomic beam speed control system provided in the embodiment of the present application, first, the atomic beam generation module can simultaneously generate atomic beams in pulse form and continuous form, which is more applicable. When it is in pulse mode, the atomic beam is ejected through the small hole of the carrier gas generation unit, and the sputtering laser generates the initial atomic beam and is loaded into the target carrier gas, so that the speed can be adjusted within the high speed range, and the speed can be further decelerated by the Zeeman reducer to the low speed range. When it is in continuous mode, the atomic beam is ejected through the small hole of the hot atomic furnace, and then decelerated by the Zeeman reducer and adjustable within the low speed range. The present application is simple to operate, can quickly generate atomic beams and achieve wide-range speed regulation by coaxially installing the atomic beam generation module, the speed control module and the detection module in a vacuum, and generating an atomic beam of the required speed according to the composed atomic beam speed control system. In addition, the present application can achieve wide-range speed regulation within the high speed range by changing the type and mass ratio of the ejected carrier gas, and can achieve speed regulation within the low speed range by changing the Zeeman reducer current and the Zeeman deceleration light frequency. Therefore, this method of wide-range speed regulation is extremely important for preparing an atomic beam with adjustable speed. It can be seen that the present invention has strong applicability and can be used for large-scale speed-adjustable experiments of most alkali metal and alkaline earth metal atomic beams. It can be seen that compared with the atomic beams with poor speed adjustability generated by the related technology, the speed distribution of each target atomic beam generated by the present application is narrower and the speed adjustability is better. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can generate an atomic beam of a single sample in a high vacuum environment, and can realize flexible speed control of the atomic beam over a large range, which can be widely used in the research of related physical and chemical reactions.

[0143] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, the computer device comprising: at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one computer program, the at least one computer program being stored in the at least one memory, and at least one processor executing the at least one computer program to implement any of the atomic beam velocity control methods in the above embodiments. The computer device may be any intelligent terminal including a tablet computer, a vehicle-mounted computer, etc.

[0144] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 The hardware structure of a computer device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The computer device includes:

[0145] The processor 810 may be implemented by a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0146] The memory 820 can be implemented in the form of a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 820 can store an operating system and other application programs. When the technical solution provided in the embodiment of this specification is implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 820, and the processor 810 calls and executes the atomic beam velocity control method of the embodiment of the present application;

[0147] Input / output interface 830, used to implement information input and output;

[0148] Communication interface 840, used to realize communication interaction between the device and other devices, which can be realized through wired mode (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or wireless mode (such as mobile network, WI FI, Bluetooth, etc.);

[0149] bus 850 , which transmits information between the various components of the device (e.g., processor 810 , memory 820 , input / output interface 830 , and communication interface 840 );

[0150] The processor 810 , the memory 820 , the input / output interface 830 and the communication interface 840 are connected to each other in communication within the device via a bus 850 .

[0151] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is used to enable a computer to execute the atomic beam velocity control method in the above embodiment.

[0152] The memory, as a non-transient computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transient software programs and non-transient computer executable programs. In addition, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transient memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include a memory remotely disposed relative to the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0153] The embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0154] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown in the figures, or a combination of certain steps, or different steps.

[0155] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, and the functional modules / units in the systems and devices may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or a suitable combination thereof.

[0157] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0158] It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0159] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the above units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0160] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0161] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0162] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store programs.

[0163] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the above. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An atomic beam velocity control system, characterized in that: The system comprises: an atomic beam generating module and a speed control module; The atomic beam generating module is used for performing atomic beam generating processing on the target sample to obtain a first atomic beam, and sending the first atomic beam to the speed control module; wherein the atomic beam generating module comprises an atomic beam generating unit and a carrier gas generating unit; the atomic beam generating module is used for performing atomic beam generating processing on the target sample to obtain a first atomic beam, comprising: the atomic beam generating unit performs atomic beam generating processing on the target sample to obtain an initial atomic beam; based on the carrier gas generating unit spraying a target carrier gas, and gas loading the initial atomic beam according to the target carrier gas to obtain the first atomic beam, the average speed of the target carrier gas is less than the average speed of the initial atomic beam, and the average speed of the first atomic beam is greater than the average speed of the target carrier gas; The speed control module includes a Zeeman slowdown device, and the speed control module is used to adjust the speed of the first atomic beam according to the target parameters of the Zeeman slowdown device to obtain a target atomic beam; wherein, the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the first atomic beam, and the target parameters are used to characterize a plurality of parameters corresponding to the speed adjustment of the Zeeman slowdown device; the speed adjustment of the first atomic beam according to the target parameters of the Zeeman slowdown device to obtain a target atomic beam comprises: supersonic expansion of the target carrier gas and the initial atomic beam in the first atomic beam to obtain a second atomic beam; and speed adjustment of the second atomic beam based on the target parameters of the Zeeman slowdown device to obtain the target atomic beam.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The speed control module includes an intermediate detection unit, and the speed of the second atomic beam is adjusted based on the target parameter of the Zeeman reducer to obtain the target atomic beam, including: Performing velocity detection on the second atomic beam based on the intermediate detection unit to determine a candidate flight velocity; Adjusting the initial parameters of the Zeeman reducer based on the candidate flight speed to obtain the target parameters; The speed of the first atomic beam is adjusted according to the target parameter to obtain the target atomic beam.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system further comprises a time delay signal generator, which is communicatively connected with the carrier gas generating unit and the atomic beam generating module; The carrier gas generating unit is also used to spray the target carrier gas according to the received first delay trigger signal sent by the delay signal generator; The atomic beam generating module is also used to perform atomic beam generating processing on the target sample according to the received second delay trigger signal sent by the delay signal generator to obtain the first atomic beam.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system also includes a first filter; the first filter is arranged between the atomic beam generating module and the speed control module, the first filter is used to filter the first atomic beam to obtain a first filtered atomic beam, and send the first filtered atomic beam to the speed control module, and the speed control module is used to adjust the speed of the first filtered atomic beam according to the target parameters of the Zeeman reducer to obtain the target atomic beam.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system also includes a detection module; The detection module is used to perform laser detection on the target atomic beam according to a preset detection laser to determine the target flight speed of the target atomic beam; The detection module is also used to calculate the difference between the target flight speed and the preset flight speed to obtain the flight speed difference; if the absolute value of the flight speed difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, a gas adjustment signal is sent to the atomic beam generating module to change the type and mass ratio of the target carrier gas sprayed from the carrier gas generating unit according to the gas adjustment signal.

6. An atomic beam velocity control method, applied to an atomic beam velocity control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises: Performing an atomic beam generation process on a target sample to obtain a first atomic beam; performing an atomic beam generation process on the target sample to obtain a first atomic beam includes: performing an atomic beam generation process on the target sample to obtain an initial atomic beam; performing gas loading on the initial atomic beam according to a target carrier gas to obtain the first atomic beam, wherein an average speed of the target carrier gas is less than an average speed of the initial atomic beam, and an average speed of the first atomic beam is greater than an average speed of the target carrier gas; The speed of the first atomic beam is adjusted according to the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain a target atomic beam; wherein the average speed of the target atomic beam is less than the average speed of the first atomic beam, and the target parameter is used to characterize a plurality of parameters corresponding to the speed adjustment of the Zeeman slowdown; the speed of the first atomic beam is adjusted according to the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain a target atomic beam, comprising: supersonic expansion of the target carrier gas and the initial atomic beam in the first atomic beam to obtain a second atomic beam; and the speed of the second atomic beam is adjusted based on the target parameter of the Zeeman slowdown to obtain the target atomic beam.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: include: at least one memory; at least one processor; at least one computer program; The at least one computer program is stored in the at least one memory, and the at least one processor executes the at least one computer program to implement: The method as claimed in claim 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is used to cause a computer to execute: The method as claimed in claim 6.

Images