A multifunctional soil column model device and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional soil column model device and a method for using the same, and belongs to the technical field of soil column seepage model. The multifunctional soil column model device and the method for using the same, through the extension of an electric push rod, the pressing plate is moved downward close to the soil body, and because one end of the rope is connected to the fixed plate, the rope drum releases the rope and rotates, the rotating shaft drives the cam to rotate, the cam and the pulley squeeze and move in cooperation with the first spring to drive the fixed plate to reciprocate and vibrate, so that the fixed plate drives the threaded disk and the pressing plate to reciprocate and vibrate through the second spring, so that the pressing plate maintains a vibration mode to push downward, the pressing plate contacts the soil body, and maintains vibration to perform compaction operations, thereby improving the compaction quality of the soil body, thereby better simulating the roadbed soil body, improving the accuracy of the experiment, and assembling and using multiple groups of model barrels, so that experimental data of different heights can be simulated, and the assembly can reduce the occupied space of the model barrel, thereby achieving the purpose of convenient transportation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil column seepage models, in particular to a multifunctional soil column model device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The roadbed is the foundation of the road surface and an important unit of the entire road structure. Its safety and stability directly affect the safety of high-speed railway and highway infrastructure. The roadbed structure has been exposed to the natural environment and is affected by factors such as atmospheric rainfall and groundwater level changes. The moisture content of the soil changes and increases, which in turn leads to gradual changes in the saturation and matrix suction of the unsaturated zone of the roadbed. Especially under extreme rainfall conditions, water will accumulate inside the embankment and cannot be discharged in time, forming "water bags" inside the roadbed, which reduces the stiffness and strength of the roadbed soil and causes large additional deformation. Therefore, correctly understanding the evolution process of the roadbed humidity field under the influence of environmental fields such as the atmospheric environment and groundwater during its service is the key to ensuring the safety and stability of the long-term operation of the roadbed.

[0003] In response to the above problems, many scholars have used one-dimensional soil columns or fixed / dynamic water level lysimeters to explore the law of soil moisture content change under different rainfall conditions. However, a single one-dimensional soil column device / variable water level lysimeter is only suitable for variable water level simulated rainfall tests (only simulating rainfall replenishment without considering the working conditions of groundwater outflow), and it is difficult to simulate the groundwater level. In addition, the size of the one-dimensional soil column device used in traditional experiments is fixed, which is not only inconvenient to adjust according to experiments at different heights, but also occupies a large space, is not convenient to carry and transport, and is not convenient for rapid compaction when installing sensors before and after the test and filling the soil. If the soil column is not completely compacted, it will affect the quality of the experiment, and it is not convenient to take samples during the experiment. It is also difficult to clean up after the experiment is completed, which complicates simple experiments and increases the time cost of the experiment. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a new multifunctional soil column model device and its use method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] In view of the above and / or existing problems of the existing soil column seepage model, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is difficult to simulate the groundwater level with a single one-dimensional soil column device, and the one-dimensional soil column device used in traditional experiments is fixed in size, which is not only inconvenient to adjust according to experiments at different heights, but also occupies a large space, is not convenient to carry and transport, and is not convenient for quick compaction when installing sensors and filling the soil before and after the test. If the soil column is not completely compacted, it will affect the quality of the experiment, and it is inconvenient to take samples during the experiment, and it is difficult to clean up after the experiment is completed, resulting in the complication of simple experiments and high test time cost.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multifunctional soil column model device, comprising:

[0008] The soil column model mechanism comprises a model component and a water injection component connected to the bottom of the model component, a water level pipe is arranged below the model component, an adjustment component is fixed on the model component, and the adjustment component is fixed to the water injection component; and,

[0009] The auxiliary mechanism includes a telescopic component, one side of the telescopic component is sleeved on the adjusting component, the top of the telescopic component is threadedly equipped with a cleaning component, the bottom of the telescopic component is fixedly connected to an elastic component, the elastic component is fixedly connected to a torque component, both ends of the torsion component are fixedly connected to rope drums, a rope is wrapped around the rope drum, the rope passes through the elastic component and is fixed to the telescopic component, two cams are fixedly connected to the torsion component, the bottom of the two cams cooperate with two pulleys, the bottom of the two pulleys is fixed with the same fixing plate, the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the elastic component, a switch is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate, a threaded disk is provided below the switch, and a pressurizing component is threadedly assembled on the threaded disk.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the adjustment assembly includes a frame, an adjustment plate is provided in the frame, an adjustment opening is opened at the bottom of the frame, a support shaft is provided in the adjustment opening, the support shaft is fixed on the top of the frame, and the adjustment plate is locked on the frame by bolts;

[0011] The adjusting plate is provided with a slide groove, in which a sliding block is slidably connected, and the sliding block is fixed in the slide groove by a fixing bolt.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the water injection assembly includes a fixing member, the fixing member is fixed on the sliding block, a conduit is fixed on the fixing member, and a valve is provided on the conduit.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the model assembly includes a threaded barrel and three groups of model barrels, the frame is fixed on the threaded barrel, the threaded barrel is provided with a filtering system inside, the filtering system is composed of a metal gasket, a second permeable stone, a second filter paper, a first permeable stone and a first filter paper from bottom to top, the threaded barrel is connected to a water level pipe, and the bottom of the threaded barrel is connected to a conduit;

[0014] The upper and lower ends of the model barrel are both fixed with a second thread head and a first thread head, the lowermost first thread head is threadedly assembled with the thread barrel, and the remaining first thread heads are threadedly assembled with the second thread heads, a buckle is fixed on the second thread head, and the adjustment plate is located in the buckle;

[0015] A sampling port is provided on one side of the model barrel, a sealing layer is embedded in the sampling port, a ferrule is fixed on one side of the sealing layer, and the adjustment plate is located in the ferrule;

[0016] The threaded barrel is composed of a bottom barrel, a plurality of adjusting bolts and a plurality of threaded seats threadably assembled with the adjusting bolts, and the plurality of adjusting bolts are installed below the bottom barrel.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the cleaning component includes a threaded tube, a nozzle is fixed above the inner wall of the threaded tube, a brush is fixed outside the threaded tube, an annular nozzle fixed on the threaded tube is provided above the brush, the annular nozzle and the nozzle component are connected to both ends of the three-way valve, and the three-way valve is connected to the hose.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the telescopic assembly includes a fixed plate, an adjusting sleeve is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed plate and fixed to one end of two ropes below the fixed plate, the adjusting sleeve is locked on the adjusting plate by bolts, an electric push rod is installed on the fixed plate, a threaded part is fixed on the top of the electric push rod, and the threaded part is threadedly assembled with the threaded pipe.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the elastic component includes a connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixed to the bottom end of the electric push rod, a telescopic cover is fixed to the bottom of the connecting plate, the telescopic cover is fixed to the fixed plate, and two telescopic rods and two first springs are fixed between the fixed plate and the connecting plate.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: a second spring is fixed between the fixing plate and the threaded disk, and a connecting cloth is also fixed between the threaded disk and the fixing plate.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the torsion assembly includes a rotating shaft, which rotates on a connecting plate through a bearing, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively fixed to two rope drums, and two cams are fixed on the rotating shaft. The two sides of the bearing and between the two cams are respectively connected to the two ends of two torsion springs, and the torsion spring sleeve is arranged outside the rotating shaft.

[0022] A method for using a multifunctional soil column model device comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. First, dock the model barrel with the threaded barrel, assemble the first thread head with the threaded barrel, and then inject the soil used for the experiment into the model barrel and the threaded barrel. After the soil is filled, move the adjustment sleeve downward, and the adjustment sleeve drives the fixed plate to move downward, so that the pressure plate moves downward close to the filled soil. At this time, the position of the adjustment sleeve is locked by the bolt, and then the electric push rod is controlled to extend and move, so that the electric push rod controls the connecting piece to move downward, and the connecting piece drives the torque assembly to move downward. Since the rope is connected to the fixed plate, the rope drum releases the rope to rotate, the rope drum drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the cam to rotate. The cam squeezes the pulley to move, and the pulley drives the fixed plate to move downward. The fixed plate drives the first spring to deform. When the cam convex surface separates from the pulley, the first spring resets and drives the fixed plate to move upward until the cam and the pulley produce squeezing movement again, so that the cam cooperates with the first spring to drive the fixed plate to vibrate up and down reciprocatingly, so that the fixed plate vibrates and drives the pressure plate to vibrate through the second spring, so that the pressure plate keeps vibrating, and the electric push rod pushes the pressure plate downward to make it contact the soil for compaction. After the soil is compacted, the second spring is deformed, so that the switch contacts the threaded disk to control the electric push rod to stop running;

[0024] S2. After the bottom layer is compacted, the electric push rod is controlled to retract upward and reset, and the adjustment sleeve is moved upward to increase the distance between the pressing plate and the model barrel. At this time, the new model barrel is threadedly connected with the second thread head through the first thread head to complete the assembly of the two model barrels, and the soil is injected again. After the injection is completed, compaction is performed again, and the compaction operation is performed layer by layer, and a sand and gravel layer is laid on the surface of the top soil layer;

[0025] S3, then according to the height of the lowest model barrel, adjust the slider to the position of the lowest model barrel, and connect the conduit to the water source, so that the liquid enters the soil from below. As the liquid increases, observe the water level through the water level tube. After reaching the specified height to simulate the groundwater level, stop water injection and close the valve. Then remove the threaded pipe from the threaded part, remove the threaded port from the threaded disk, and then thread the threaded pipe with the threaded disk. At this time, connect the water source through a hose, and control the three-way valve to close the connection with the annular head group. At this time, the liquid enters the sprinkler for spraying, which simulates rainfall, and monitors the moisture content of different soil layers in real time through the sensor installed in the model barrel. After the moisture content of each soil layer remains stable, stop simulating rainfall, remove the bolts, and separate the rotating adjustment plate from the ferrule. At this time, remove the sealing layer and take samples through the sampling port;

[0026] S4. At the end of the experiment, the model barrels are dismantled one by one, and the soil is poured out. The model barrel is then placed outside the threaded pipe, so that the brush is attached to the model barrel, and the electric push rod is controlled to extend to keep the threaded pipe vibrating, so that the brush vibrates to clean the model barrel, and the nozzle is closed by operating the three-way valve. At this time, the liquid is sprayed out through the annular nozzle to rinse the inner wall of the model barrel and clean it with the brush.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The multifunctional soil column model device and its use method extend the electric push rod to make the pressing plate move downward close to the soil body, and because one end of the rope is connected to the fixed plate, the rope drum releases the rope and rotates, the rotating shaft drives the cam to rotate, and the extrusion movement between the cam and the pulley and the first spring can drive the fixed plate to vibrate back and forth, so that the fixed plate drives the threaded disk and the pressing plate to vibrate back and forth through the second spring, so that the pressing plate keeps vibrating downward to push forward, so that the pressing plate contacts the soil body and keeps vibrating for compaction operation, thereby improving the compaction quality of the soil body, thereby better simulating the roadbed soil body and improving the accuracy of the experiment, and assembling and using multiple sets of model barrels, so as to simulate experimental data of different heights, and the assembly can reduce the occupied space of the model barrel, so as to achieve the purpose of convenient transportation;

[0029] 2. The multifunctional soil column model device and the use method thereof are as follows: the model barrel is dismantled, the threaded opening and the threaded disc are dismantled, and the threaded tube and the threaded disc are threadedly assembled, and then the electric push rod is controlled to extend and move, so that the electric push rod pushes the connecting piece to move downward, so that the rope disc moves downward, and one end of the rope is connected to the fixing plate, so that the rope disc releases the rope and rotates, and the rope disc drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the cam to rotate, and the cam squeezes the pulley to move downward, so that the fixing piece drives the first spring to deform, and when the cam is separated from the pulley, the first spring drives the fixing piece to reset upward, so that the cam cooperates with the first spring to drive the fixing piece to vibrate, and the threaded disc drives the threaded tube to vibrate, and at this time, the model barrel is sleeved outside the threaded tube, and a water source is connected through a hose, so that the liquid is sprayed through the annular nozzle to wash the inner wall of the model barrel, and the vibrating brush is used to improve the cleaning effect of the model barrel;

[0030] 3. The multifunctional soil column model device and its use method are as follows: the bolts are removed, and then the adjusting plate is lifted up to make the adjusting plate slide on the supporting shaft, so that the support is separated from the frame, and then the adjusting plate is rotated to make the adjusting plate away from the ferrule. At this time, the sealing layer is taken out through the ferrule, and then sampling can be carried out through the sampling port. Moreover, each model barrel is equipped with a sampling port, so that the sampling operation is more convenient.

[0031] 4. Compared with the traditional one-dimensional soil column device / variable head lysimeter used only for variable water level and the constant head lysimeter used for fixed water level, this device is suitable for simulating rainfall infiltration under both fixed water and variable water level conditions. It has a wide range of applications, low test cost, and meets different fixed water level test requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0033] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of use described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional cross-section of a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of the connection between a model component and an adjustment component in a multifunctional soil column model device and a use method described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 The present invention provides a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an adjusting component in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an auxiliary mechanism in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the separation of a telescopic component and a cleaning component in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of use described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the disassembly of a threaded disk and a pressurizing component in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of use described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional cross-section of an elastic component in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Fig. 9A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a torsion assembly in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of use described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.10 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a model barrel in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Fig.11 A schematic structural diagram of the connection between a sealing layer and a model barrel in a multifunctional soil column model device and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 100, soil column model mechanism; 101, model component; 1011, threaded barrel; 1012, filtering system; 1013, ferrule; 1014, model barrel; 1015, first thread head; 1016, second thread head; 1017, buckle; 1018, sampling port; 1019, sealing layer; 102, adjustment component; 1021, adjustment plate; 1022, slide groove; 1023, slider; 1024, fixing bolt; 1025, adjustment port; 1026, frame; 1027, supporting shaft; 103, water injection component; 1031, fixing piece; 1032, conduit; 1033, valve; 104, water level pipe; 200, auxiliary mechanism; 201, telescopic component; 2011, fixing plate; 2012, electric push rod ; 2013, adjusting sleeve; 2014, threaded part; 202, cleaning component; 2021, threaded pipe; 2022, brush; 2023, annular nozzle; 2024, hose; 2025, three-way valve; 2026, nozzle part; 203, elastic component; 2031, connecting piece; 2032, telescopic cover; 2033, first spring; 2034, telescopic rod; 204, pressurizing component; 2041, threaded mouth; 2042, pressure plate; 205, threaded disk; 206, torque component; 2061, rotating shaft; 2062, torsion spring; 2063, bearing; 207, fixing plate; 208, pulley; 209, connecting cloth; 210, second spring; 211, switch; 212, rope; 213, rope drum; 214, cam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0048] Furthermore, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1-11As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a multifunctional soil column model device, including a soil column model mechanism, the soil column model mechanism includes a model component 101 and a water injection component 103 connected to the bottom of the model component 101, the model component 101 includes a threaded barrel 1011 and three groups of model barrels 1014, a frame 1026 is fixed on the threaded barrel 1011, and a filtering system 1012 is arranged inside the threaded barrel 1011. The filtering system 1012 is composed of a metal gasket, a second permeable stone, a second filter paper, a first permeable stone and a first filter paper from bottom to top. The filtering system can play a good filtering operation, avoiding the traditional use of conventional gravel layers and geotextile filtering. Although there is a certain filtering effect, it will be affected by soil extrusion and block the original drainage channel, and the drainage effect is poor. The lower end of the model barrel 1014 is fixed with a second thread head 1016 and a first thread head 1015. The first thread head 1015 and the second thread head 1016 are threadedly assembled, so that the two model barrels 1014 can be assembled together. The lowermost first thread head 1015 is threadedly assembled with the thread barrel 1011, and the remaining first thread heads 1015 are threadedly assembled with the second thread heads 1016. 16 is fixed with a buckle 1017, and the adjusting plate 1021 is located in the buckle 1017. By turning the adjusting plate 1021 upright, the adjusting plate 1021 is located in the buckle 1017, so that the second thread head 1016 can be limited to maintain the connection stability. A sampling port 1018 is opened on one side of the model barrel 1014, and a sealing layer 1019 is embedded in the sampling port 1018. By embedding the sealing layer 1019 in the sampling port 1018, a sealing effect can be achieved to prevent leakage, and by opening the sealing layer 1019, sampling can be performed through the sampling port 1018. A ferrule 1013 is fixed on one side of the sealing layer 1019, and the adjusting plate 1021 is located in the ferrule 1013. By turning the adjusting plate 1021 upright, the adjusting plate 1021 is located in the ferrule 1013. It can be inserted into the ferrule 1013, so as to limit the sealing layer 1019 and prevent the sealing layer 1019 from falling out. The threaded barrel 1011 is composed of a bottom barrel, a plurality of adjusting bolts and a plurality of threaded seats threadedly assembled with the adjusting bolts. The plurality of adjusting bolts are installed under the bottom barrel. The adjusting bolts can be adjusted by rotating the threaded seats, so as to maintain the balance of the threaded barrel 1011 and avoid the influence of different angles on the accuracy of the simulated rainfall process. Secondly, a level meter can be installed on the threaded barrel 1011 to observe whether the device is in a balanced state. A water level pipe 104 is provided under the model component 101. An adjusting component 102 is also fixed on the model component 101. The adjusting component 102 includes a frame 1026. An adjusting plate 1021 is provided in the frame 1026.An adjustment opening 1025 is provided at the bottom of the frame 1026, and a support shaft 1027 is provided in the adjustment opening 1025. Through the adjustment opening 1025, the adjustment plate 1021 has a distance for upward and downward movement, so that after the adjustment plate 1021 is out of the frame 1026, it can be turned over by relying on the support shaft 1027. The support shaft 1027 is fixed on the top of the frame 1026. The adjustment plate 1021 is locked on the frame 1026 by bolts. The adjustment plate 1021 can be fixed on the frame 1026 by bolts to maintain the stability of the adjustment plate 1021. A slide groove 1022 is provided on the adjustment plate 1021, and a slider 1023 is slidably connected in the slide groove 1022. The slider 1023 is connected by a fixing bolt 102 4 is fixed in the slide groove 1022, and the slide block 1023 can be guided by the slide groove 1022, so that the slide block 1023 can slide smoothly in the slide groove 1022, so that the height of the catheter 1032 can be adjusted, and the bolt can be fixed by the fixing bolt 1024, and the adjustment component 102 is fixed to the water injection component 103, and the water injection component 103 includes a fixing member 1031, and the fixing member 1031 is fixed on the slide block 1023, and the catheter 1032 is fixed on the fixing member 1031. The catheter 1032 is provided with a valve 1033, and the catheter 1032 can be used for infusion, and the catheter 1032 is made of soft material and can be stretched, and the opening and closing of the catheter 1032 can be operated by the valve 1033;,

[0051] The auxiliary mechanism 200 includes a telescopic component 201, which includes a fixed plate 2011. An adjusting sleeve 2013 is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed plate 2011 and fixed to one end of two ropes 212. The adjusting sleeve 2013 can slide on the adjustment plate to adjust the position of the fixed plate 2011, so that the pressing plate 2042 can be adjusted according to the height of the model barrel 1014. Secondly, the height of the adjusting sleeve 2013 can be fixed by reeds to prevent the fixed plate 2011 from sliding down. The adjusting sleeve 2013 is locked on the adjusting plate 1021 by bolts. An electric push rod 2012 is installed on the fixed plate 2011. A threaded member 2014 is fixed on the top of the electric push rod 2012. The threaded member 2014 and the threaded pipe 20 21 threaded assembly, the threaded tube 2021 and the threaded member 2014 are assembled to keep fixed and prevent falling off, one side of the telescopic component 201 is sleeved on the adjustment component 102, the top thread of the telescopic component 201 is assembled with a cleaning component 202, and the bottom of the telescopic component 201 is fixedly connected with an elastic component 203, and the elastic component 203 includes a connecting piece 2031, and the connecting piece 2031 is fixed to the bottom end of the electric push rod 2012. The electric push rod 2012 can control the connecting piece 2031 to move downward, so that the pressing plate 2042 is pushed downward to perform soil compaction operations, and a telescopic cover 2032 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting piece 2031. Through the elasticity of the telescopic cover 2032, the connecting piece 2031 can smoothly perform vibration operations, and the telescopic cover 2032 is fixed. The fixing plate 207 is fixed on the fixing plate 207. A second spring 210 is fixed between the fixing plate 207 and the threaded disk 205. The reset force of the second spring 210 can smoothly drive the fixing plate 207 to reset quickly, so that the pressing plate 2042 can be vibrated up and down to compact the soil in cooperation with the cam 214. A connecting cloth 209 is also fixed between the threaded disk 205 and the fixing plate 207. The threaded disk 205 can smoothly drive the pressing plate 2042 to vibrate through the elasticity of the connecting cloth 209. Two telescopic rods 2034 and two first springs 2033 are fixed between the fixing plate 207 and the connecting plate 2031. The position of the threaded disk 205 can be fixed by the first spring 2033, and the threaded disk 205 can be limited to prevent the threaded disk 205 from excessively moving and touching the switch 211. The elastic component 203 is fixedly connected with a torque component 206, and the torque component 206 includes a rotating shaft 2061, and the rotating shaft 2061 rotates on the connecting piece 2031 through a bearing 2063. The two ends of the rotating shaft 2061 are respectively fixed to the two rope drums 213, and the two cams 214 are fixed on the rotating shaft 2061. The two sides of the bearing 2063 and the two cams 214 are respectively connected to the two ends of the two torsion springs 2062. When the electric push rod 2012 is retracted, the rope 212 is loosened. At this time, the torsion of the torsion spring 2062 can drive the cam 214 to rotate, so that the rotating shaft 2061 rotates to drive the rope drum 213 to reel the rope 212. The torsion spring 2062 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft 2061, and the two ends of the torque component 206 are fixedly connected to the rope drum 213.A rope 212 is wound around the rope drum 213, and the rope 212 passes through the elastic component 203 and is fixed to the telescopic component 201. Two cams 214 are fixedly connected to the torsion component 206. The two cams 214 are matched with two pulleys 208 below. The bottom of the two pulleys 208 is fixed with the same fixing plate 207, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the elastic component 203. A switch 211 is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate 207. After the soil is compacted, the pressing plate 2042 is continuously pushed forward, which can realize the movement of squeezing the second spring 210, so that the threaded disk 205 smoothly presses the switch 211 upward to realize the operation of automatically closing the electric push rod 212. A threaded disk 205 is arranged below the switch 211, and a pressurizing component 204 is threadedly assembled on the threaded disk 205.

[0052] In this embodiment, the electric push rod 2012 is extended to make the pressure plate 2042 move downward toward the soil, and because one end of the rope 212 is connected to the fixed plate 2011, the rope drum 213 releases the rope 212 and rotates, and the rotating shaft 2061 drives the cam 214 to rotate. The squeezing movement between the cam 214 and the pulley 208 and the first spring 2033 can drive the fixed plate 207 to vibrate back and forth, so that the fixed plate 207 drives the threaded disk 205 and the pressure plate 2042 to vibrate back and forth through the second spring 210, so that the pressure plate 2042 maintains the vibration mode to push downward, so that the pressure plate 2042 contacts the soil and maintains the vibration for compaction operation, thereby improving the compaction quality of the soil, thereby better simulating the roadbed soil, improving the accuracy of the experiment, and assembling and using multiple sets of model barrels 1014, so as to simulate experimental data of different heights, and the assembly can reduce the occupied space of the model barrel 1014, so as to achieve the purpose of convenient transportation.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Based on Example 1, Figure 6 and attached Figure 8-9 , it is concluded that: the telescopic assembly 201 includes a fixed plate 2011, the lower part of the fixed plate 2011 is fixed to one end of the two ropes 212, one end of the fixed plate 2011 is fixedly connected with an adjustment sleeve 2013, the adjustment sleeve 2013 is locked on the adjustment plate 1021 by bolts, an electric push rod 2012 is installed on the fixed plate 2011, a threaded member 2014 is fixed on the top of the electric push rod 2012, and the threaded member 2014 is threadedly assembled with the threaded pipe 2021;

[0055] The elastic component 203 includes a connecting piece 2031, which is fixed to the bottom end of the electric push rod 2012, a telescopic cover 2032 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting piece 2031, and the telescopic cover 2032 is fixed to the fixing piece 207, and two telescopic rods 2034 and two first springs 2033 are fixed between the fixing piece 207 and the connecting piece 2031;

[0056] The torque assembly 206 includes a rotating shaft 2061, which rotates on the connecting piece 2031 through a bearing 2063. The two ends of the rotating shaft 2061 are respectively fixed to two rope drums 213, and ropes 212 are wound around the rope drums 213. Two cams 214 are fixed to the rotating shaft 2061. The two sides of the bearing 2063 and the two cams 214 are respectively connected to the two ends of two torsion springs 2062, and the torsion springs 2062 are sleeved outside the rotating shaft 2061.

[0057] The cleaning component 202 includes a threaded tube 2021, a nozzle is fixed above the inner wall of the threaded tube 2021, and the operation of simulating rainfall can be performed through the nozzle. A brush 2022 is fixed outside the threaded tube 2021, and the inner wall of the model barrel 1014 can be cleaned by the brush 2022. An annular nozzle 2023 fixed on the threaded tube 2021 is arranged above the brush 2022. The annular nozzle 2023 and the nozzle part 2026 are connected to both ends of the three-way valve 2025. The hose 2024, the annular nozzle 2023 and the nozzle part 2026 can be connected through the three-way valve 2025, so as to realize the operation of water delivery, and the nozzle part 2026 and the annular nozzle 2023 can be switched off by operating the three-way valve 2025, so as to facilitate use according to actual conditions. The three-way valve 2025 is connected to the hose 2024.

[0058] In this embodiment, the model barrel 1014 is removed, the threaded opening 2041 and the threaded disc 205 are removed, and the threaded tube 2021 and the threaded disc 205 are threadedly assembled, and then the electric push rod 2012 is controlled to extend and move, so that the electric push rod 2012 pushes the connecting piece 2031 to move downward, so that the rope drum 213 moves downward, one end of the rope 212 is connected to the fixing plate 2011, so that the rope drum 213 releases the rope 212 and rotates, the rope drum 213 drives the rotating shaft 2061 to rotate, the rotating shaft 2061 drives the cam 214 to rotate, and the cam 214 squeezes the pulley 208 to move downward, so that The fixing plate 207 drives the first spring 2033 to deform. When the cam 214 is separated from the pulley 208, the first spring 2033 drives the fixing plate 207 to reset upward, so that the cam 214 cooperates with the first spring 2033 to drive the fixing plate 207 to vibrate, and the threaded disk 205 drives the threaded tube 2021 to vibrate. At this time, the model barrel 1014 is put outside the threaded tube 2021, and the water source is connected through the hose 2024, so that the liquid is sprayed through the annular nozzle 2023 group to rinse the inner wall of the model barrel 1014, and cooperates with the vibrating brush 2022 to improve the cleaning effect of the model barrel 1014.

[0059] A method for using a multifunctional soil column model device comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1. First, dock the model barrel 1014 with the threaded barrel 1011, so that the first thread head 1015 is threadedly assembled with the threaded barrel 1011, and then inject the soil used for the experiment into the model barrel 1014 and the threaded barrel 1011. After the soil is filled, move the adjustment sleeve 2013 downward, and the adjustment sleeve 2013 drives the fixed plate 2011 to move downward, so that the pressure plate 2042 moves downward close to the filled soil. At this time, the position of the adjustment sleeve 2013 is locked by the bolt, and then the electric push rod 2012 is controlled to extend and move, so that the electric push rod 2012 controls the connecting piece 2031 to move downward, and the connecting piece 2031 drives the torsion assembly 206 to move downward. Since the rope 212 is connected to the fixed plate 2011, the rope drum 213 releases the rope 212 to rotate, and the rope drum 213 drives the rotating shaft 2061 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 2061 drives the cam 214 to rotate. The cam 214 squeezes the pulley 208 to move, and the pulley 208 drives the fixed plate 207 to move downward, and the fixed plate 207 drives the first spring 2033 to deform. When the convex surface of the cam 214 separates from the pulley 208, the first spring 2033 resets and drives the fixed plate 207 to move upward until the cam 214 and the pulley 208 produce a squeezing movement again, so that the cam 214 cooperates with the first spring 2033 to drive the fixed plate 207 to vibrate up and down, so that the fixed plate 207 vibrates and drives the pressing plate 2042 to vibrate through the second spring 210, so that the pressing plate 2042 keeps vibrating, and the pressing plate 2042 is pushed downward by the electric push rod 2012, so that the pressing plate 2042 contacts the soil downward for compaction operation. After the soil is compacted, the second spring 210 is deformed, so that the switch 211 contacts the threaded disk 205 to control the electric push rod 2012 to stop running;

[0061] S2. After the bottom layer is compacted, the electric push rod 2012 is controlled to retract upward and reset, and the adjustment sleeve 2013 is moved upward to distance the pressing plate 2042 from the model barrel 1014. At this time, the new model barrel 1014 is threadedly connected with the second thread head 1016 through the first thread head 1015 to complete the assembly of the two model barrels 1014, and the soil is injected again. After the injection is completed, compaction is performed again, and the compaction operation is performed layer by layer, and a sand and gravel layer is laid on the surface of the top soil layer;

[0062] S3, then according to the height of the lowest model barrel 1014, adjust the slider 1023 to the position of the lowest model barrel 1014, and connect the conduit 1032 to the water source, so that the liquid enters the soil from below, and as the liquid increases, observe the water level through the water level pipe 104, and after reaching the specified height to simulate the groundwater level, stop water injection and close the valve 1033, then remove the threaded pipe 2021 from the threaded member 2014, and remove the threaded port 2041 from the threaded disk 205, and then screw the threaded pipe 2021 to the threaded disk 205. The water source is connected through the hose 2024, and the three-way valve 2025 is controlled to close the connection with the annular head group 2023. At this time, the liquid enters the nozzle part 2026 for spraying, which simulates rainfall, and the moisture content of different soil layers is monitored in real time through the sensor assembled in the model barrel 1014. After the moisture content of each soil layer remains stable, the simulated rainfall is stopped, and the bolts are removed, and the rotating adjustment plate 1021 is separated from the ferrule 1013. At this time, the sealing layer 1019 is removed, and sampling is performed through the sampling port 1018;

[0063] S4. Finally, after the experiment, the model barrels 1014 are dismantled one by one, and the soil is poured out. The model barrel 1014 is then placed outside the threaded tube 2021, so that the brush 2022 is attached to the model barrel 1014, and the electric push rod 2012 is controlled to extend to keep the threaded tube 2021 vibrating, so that the brush 2022 vibrates to clean the model barrel 1014, and the nozzle 2026 is closed by operating the three-way valve 2025. At this time, the liquid is sprayed out through the annular nozzle 2023 to rinse the inner wall of the model barrel 1014 and clean it with the brush 2022.

[0064] In the above-mentioned groundwater level simulation experiment, whether the valve 1033 is closed after the water injection is completed needs to be operated according to the actual situation: if the constant groundwater test is not considered, the valve 1033 can be closed. Like the traditional soil column test, the groundwater level in the model barrel 1014 gradually increases with the rainfall simulation; but if the constant water level is considered (keeping the groundwater level unchanged), the original conduit 1032 becomes a drainage device, and the highest groundwater level in the model barrel 1014 is related to the height of the regulating conduit 1032. If the water level in the model barrel 1014 is higher than the conduit 1032, the water will be discharged, thereby ensuring that the groundwater level in the model barrel 1014 is constant.

[0065] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0066] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0067] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0068] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional soil column model device, characterized in that: include, A soil column model mechanism comprises a model component (101) and a water injection component (103) connected to the bottom of the model component (101), a water level pipe (104) is provided below the model component (101), an adjustment component (102) is also fixed to the model component (101), and the adjustment component (102) is fixed to the water injection component (103); and, The auxiliary mechanism (200) comprises a telescopic component (201), one side of the telescopic component (201) is sleeved on the adjustment component (102), the top of the telescopic component (201) is threadedly mounted with a cleaning component (202), an elastic component (203) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic component (201), a torsion component (206) is fixedly connected to the elastic component (203), both ends of the torsion component (206) are fixedly connected to a rope drum (213), a rope (212) is wound around the rope drum (213), and the rope (212) is connected from the elastic component ( 203) passes through and is fixed to the telescopic component (201), the torsion component (206) is fixedly connected to two cams (214), the two cams (214) are matched with two pulleys (208) below, the bottom of the two pulleys (208) is fixed with a same fixing plate (207), the fixing plate (207) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the elastic component (203), a switch (211) is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate (207), a threaded disk (205) is provided below the switch (211), and a pressurizing component (204) is threadedly assembled on the threaded disk (205); The adjustment component (102) comprises a frame (1026), an adjustment plate (1021) is provided in the frame (1026), an adjustment opening (1025) is provided below the frame (1026), a support shaft (1027) is provided in the adjustment opening (1025), the support shaft (1027) is fixed above the frame (1026), and the adjustment plate (1021) is locked on the frame (1026) by means of bolts; The adjustment plate (1021) is provided with a slide groove (1022), a slider (1023) is slidably connected in the slide groove (1022), and the slider (1023) is fixed in the slide groove (1022) by a fixing bolt (1024); The model assembly (101) comprises a threaded barrel (1011) and three groups of model barrels (1014); a frame (1026) is fixed on the threaded barrel (1011); a filtering system (1012) is provided inside the threaded barrel (1011); the filtering system (1012) comprises, from bottom to top, a metal gasket, a second permeable stone, a second filter paper, a first permeable stone and a first filter paper; the threaded barrel (1011) is in communication with a water level pipe (104); and the bottom of the threaded barrel (1011) is in communication with a conduit (1032); The upper and lower ends of the model barrel (1014) are both fixed with a second thread head (1016) and a first thread head (1015); the lowermost first thread head (1015) is threadedly assembled with the thread barrel (1011); the remaining first thread heads (1015) are threadedly assembled with the second thread heads (1016); a buckle (1017) is fixed on the second thread head (1016); and the adjustment plate (1021) is located in the buckle (1017); A sampling port (1018) is provided on one side of the model barrel (1014), a sealing layer (1019) is embedded in the sampling port (1018), a ferrule (1013) is fixed on one side of the sealing layer (1019), and the adjustment plate (1021) is located in the ferrule (1013); The threaded barrel (1011) is composed of a bottom barrel, a plurality of adjusting bolts and a plurality of threaded seats threadably assembled with the adjusting bolts, wherein the plurality of adjusting bolts are installed below the bottom barrel; The telescopic assembly (201) comprises a fixing plate (2011), an adjusting sleeve (2013) is fixedly connected to one end of the fixing plate (2011) and fixed to one end of two ropes (212) below the fixing plate (2011), the adjusting sleeve (2013) is locked on the adjusting plate (1021) by means of bolts, an electric push rod (2012) is mounted on the fixing plate (2011), a threaded member (2014) is fixed on the top of the electric push rod (2012), and the threaded member (2014) is threadedly assembled with the threaded tube (2021); The elastic component (203) comprises a connecting piece (2031), the connecting piece (2031) is fixed to the bottom end of the electric push rod (2012), a telescopic cover (2032) is fixed to the bottom of the connecting piece (2031), the telescopic cover (2032) is fixed to the fixing piece (207), and two telescopic rods (2034) and two first springs (2033) are fixed between the fixing piece (207) and the connecting piece (2031); The torque assembly (206) comprises a rotating shaft (2061), the rotating shaft (2061) rotates on the connecting plate (2031) via a bearing (2063), two ends of the rotating shaft (2061) are respectively fixed to two rope drums (213), two cams (214) are fixed to the rotating shaft (2061), both sides of the bearing (2063) and between the two cams (214) are respectively connected to two ends of two torsion springs (2062), and the torsion springs (2062) are sleeved outside the rotating shaft (2061).

2. A multifunctional soil column model device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection assembly (103) comprises a fixing member (1031), wherein the fixing member (1031) is fixed on the slider (1023), a conduit (1032) is fixed on the fixing member (1031), and a valve (1033) is provided on the conduit (1032).

3. A multifunctional soil column model device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning component (202) comprises a threaded tube (2021), a nozzle is fixed on the inner wall of the threaded tube (2021), a brush (2022) is fixed on the outside of the threaded tube (2021), an annular nozzle (2023) fixed on the threaded tube (2021) is provided above the brush (2022), the annular nozzle (2023) and the nozzle component (2026) are connected to both ends of a three-way valve (2025), and the three-way valve (2025) is connected to a hose (2024).

4. A multifunctional soil column model device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A second spring (210) is fixed between the fixing plate (207) and the threaded disc (205), and a connecting cloth (209) is also fixed between the threaded disc (205) and the fixing plate (207).

5. The method for using the multifunctional soil column model device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. First, the model barrel (1014) and the threaded barrel (1011) are connected to each other so that the first thread head (1015) and the threaded barrel (1011) are threadedly assembled. Then, the soil used in the experiment is injected into the model barrel (1014) and the threaded barrel (1011). After the soil is filled, the adjusting sleeve (2013) is moved downward. The adjusting sleeve (2013) drives the fixing plate (2011) to move downward so that the pressing plate (2042) moves downward close to the filled soil. At this time, the adjusting sleeve (2013) is fixed by bolts. The position of the electric push rod (2013) is locked, and then the electric push rod (2012) is controlled to extend, so that the electric push rod (2012) controls the connecting piece (2031) to move downward, and the connecting piece (2031) drives the torque component (206) to move downward. Since the rope (212) is connected to the fixing plate (211), the rope drum (213) releases the rope (212) to generate rotation, the rope drum (213) drives the rotating shaft (2061) to rotate, and the rotating shaft (2061) drives the cam (214) to rotate. The cam (214) squeezes the pulley (208) to move, and the pulley (208) drives the fixing plate (207) to move downward. The fixing plate (207) drives the first spring (2033) to deform. When the convex surface of the cam (214) separates from the pulley (208), the first spring (2033) resets and drives the fixing plate (207) to move upward until the cam (214) and the pulley (208) generate squeezing movement again, so that the cam (214) cooperates with the first spring (2033) to drive the fixing plate (207) to move upward. 07) reciprocatingly vibrates up and down, causing the fixed plate (207) to vibrate and drive the pressing plate (2042) to vibrate through the second spring (210), so that the pressing plate (2042) keeps vibrating, and the pressing plate (2042) is pushed downward by the electric push rod (2012), so that the pressing plate (2042) contacts the soil downward for compaction operation, and after the soil is compacted, the second spring (210) is deformed, causing the switch (211) to contact the threaded disk (205) to control the electric push rod (2012) to stop running; S2, after the bottom layer is compacted, the electric push rod (2012) is controlled to retract upward and reset, and the adjustment sleeve (2013) is moved upward to increase the distance between the pressing plate (2042) and the model barrel (1014). At this time, a new model barrel (1014) is threadedly connected with the second thread head (1016) through the first thread head (1015), and the two model barrels (1014) are assembled. The soil is injected again, and the compaction operation is performed after the injection is completed. The compaction operation is performed layer by layer, and a sand and gravel layer is laid on the surface of the top soil layer; S3. Then, according to the height of the lowest model barrel (1014), the slider (1023) is adjusted to be located at the position of the lowest model barrel (1014), and the conduit (1032) is connected to the water source so that liquid enters the soil from below. As the liquid increases, the water level is observed through the water level pipe (104). After reaching a specified height to simulate the groundwater level, the water injection is stopped and the valve (1033) is closed. Then, the threaded pipe (2021) is removed from the threaded member (2014), and the threaded port (2041) is removed from the threaded disk (205). Then, the threaded pipe (2021) is connected to the threaded disk (205). 5) Threaded assembly, at this time, the water source is connected through the hose (2024), and the three-way valve (2025) is controlled to close the connection with the annular head group (2023). At this time, the liquid enters the nozzle part (2026) for spraying, which simulates rainfall, and the moisture content of different soil layers is monitored in real time through the sensor installed in the model barrel (1014). After the moisture content of each soil layer remains stable, the simulated rainfall is stopped, the bolts are removed, and the rotating adjustment plate (1021) is separated from the ferrule (1013). At this time, the sealing layer (1019) is removed, and sampling is performed through the sampling port (1018); S4. Finally, after the experiment is over, the model barrels (1014) are dismantled one by one, and the soil is poured out. The model barrel (1014) is then placed outside the threaded tube (2021), so that the brush (2022) is attached to the model barrel (1014), and the electric push rod (212) is controlled to extend, so that the threaded tube (2021) keeps vibrating, so that the brush (2022) cleans the model barrel (1014) in a vibrating manner, and the nozzle (2026) is closed by operating the three-way valve (2025). At this time, liquid is sprayed out through the annular nozzle (2023) to rinse the inner wall of the model barrel (1014) and clean it with the brush (2022).

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