A method for cultivating morel mushrooms without mushroom-promoting water suitable for the post-rice cropping environment

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of Morchella cultivation, and specifically relates to a method for cultivating Morchella without mushroom primordium induction water suitable for the post-rice stubble environment. The method of the present invention is based on the principles of supplementing water through irrigation in the early stage, maintaining water by building a shed in the middle stage, and regulating water with gas in the later stage. Before sowing Morchella, the soil moisture is increased to a saturated state through irrigation. At the initial stage of primordium germination, a small arch shed is built to regulate the soil water content and CO2. During the fruiting body swelling stage, the soil humidity, air humidity and CO2 concentration are controlled through ventilation to ensure a growth environment where the mycelium growth period of Morchella is moist and the fruiting body swelling is relatively dry. The scheme involves key steps such as field tillage, shed frame construction, irrigation and water replenishment, ridge bed arrangement, inoculation of mushroom seeds and placement of nutrient bags, internal arch shed construction, ventilation measures, etc. in the specific implementation process. Through experiments, the method of the present invention can be suitable for the post-rice stubble environment, eliminate the high-risk link of watering and inducing mushrooms in Morchella production, and promote the coordinated management of high efficiency and stable yield of Morchella in rice stubble.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of Morchella cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Morchella without mushroom primordium induction water suitable for the post-rice cropping environment. Background Art

[0002] Developing food sources through multiple channels and building a diversified food supply system is a new strategic approach to ensuring food security from the perspective of the broad concept of food. Edible fungi have the five non-competing advantages of "not competing with people for food, not competing with food for land, not competing with land for fertilizer, not competing with farmers for food, and not competing with others for resources". Currently, they have become the fifth largest agricultural crop in China after grains, oils, vegetables, and fruits. With the discovery of the health care functions of edible fungi such as enhancing the body's immunity, anti-tumor, and maintaining cardiovascular health, the consumption demand for edible and medicinal fungi is gradually increasing, showing broad development prospects. Morchella is a precious and rare edible fungus, containing more than 18 kinds of amino acids, 8 of which cannot be synthesized by the human body, and has extremely high nutritional and health care value. In recent years, the apparent consumption volume of Morchella in China has shown a rigid growth trend.

[0003] The growth cycle of Morchella includes the mycelium growth period, the primordium germination period, and the fruiting body swelling period. In production, water is often used to induce mushroom primordium at the initial stage of primordium germination to promote the hyphae to knot and form primordia and uniform fruiting of Morchella. However, problems such as reduced production or even crop failure of Morchella caused by inaccurate judgment of the mushroom induction time, improper control of the mushroom induction water volume, and inappropriate management after mushroom induction are common. For example, if the time for watering to induce mushrooms is relatively late, water droplets are likely to block the pores at the top of the primordium or fruiting body, directly causing death; if the mushroom induction water is excessive and the temperature rises sharply in the later stage, the excessive water cannot be discharged in time, easily forming a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, which is not conducive to the swelling of the fruiting body in the later stage and easily causes the death of young mushrooms; if a cold snap suddenly occurs when a large number of primordia germinate and the fruiting bodies begin to swell after mushroom induction, the primordia and fruiting bodies are severely damaged by freezing, and the growth and final yield of Morchella are affected. In summary, how to grasp the spraying time, spraying intensity, and supporting management measures after spraying of the mushroom induction water in Morchella production are important factors affecting the growth of Morchella and related to the final yield of Morchella.

[0004] In recent years, due to the benefits of the wet-dry alternating environment in the rice season under the rice-Morchella rotation mode, which can reduce the incidence of diseases and pests in the post-rice cropping and ensure the yield of Morchella, and the decomposition of rice straw returning to the field provides a carbon source for the growth of Morchella, the planting area of Morchella on rice stubble has gradually increased. As a special farmland ecosystem, the paddy field environment has a relatively high soil water content or a long drainage time under long-term flooding or wet-dry alternating conditions. Therefore, it is particularly important to accurately grasp the link of watering to induce mushrooms in the post-rice cropping environment, but there is still a lack of control measures for this link in production.

[0005] Therefore, developing a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta without mushroom primordium induction water suitable for the post-rice cropping environment, which can balance the convenience of Morchella esculenta management and the stability of production in the rice stubble environment, thus ensuring the yield of Morchella esculenta in the rice stubble environment, is of great significance for promoting farmland yield increase, farmer income increase, and agricultural efficiency improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the fact that in the rice stubble farmland, the soil moisture content is relatively high or the soil drainage time is relatively long under the state of long-term flooding or wet-dry alternation, which increases the difficulty of the important and difficult-to-master step in Morchella esculenta production - the step of watering to induce mushroom primordium, and easily leads to problems such as Morchella esculenta production reduction or even crop failure and high production risks of Morchella esculenta in the rice stubble, a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta without mushroom primordium induction water suitable for the post-rice cropping environment and its formula management measures are developed. The research and application of this invention aim to solve the following problems:

[0007] (1) It is intended to solve the problem that in the production of conventional Morchella esculenta, it is difficult to grasp the time, water volume, supporting measures, etc. in the link of watering to induce mushroom primordium, which affects the growth of Morchella esculenta and thus causes production reduction or crop failure.

[0008] (2) It is intended to solve the problem that for Morchella esculenta in the rice stubble, due to the special nature of the paddy field environment, the soil drainage time is relatively long. At this time, the risk of high temperature heat damage or low temperature freeze damage to Morchella esculenta in the primordium stage increases under the high humidity environment for a long time, which affects the growth of Morchella esculenta and thus causes production reduction or crop failure.

[0009] The method for cultivating Morchella esculenta without mushroom primordium induction water suitable for the post-rice cropping environment provided by this invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Field tillage;

[0011] Step 2: Building the arch shed frame;

[0012] Step 3: Controlling moisture to make the soil moisture reach the saturation state;

[0013] Step 4: Bed preparation, preparing beds and digging bed ditches in the field block, and raking the bed surface to be loose, soft and fine;

[0014] Step 5: Sowing the mushroom spawn and placing the nutrient bags. After the bed preparation is completed, sow under the condition that the daily average temperature has been continuously lower than 20 °C for 7 days. After sowing, cover the soil and pour enough water, then cover with a plastic film. After the white mycelium frost covers the bed surface, lift the plastic film and place the nutrient bags. After the nutrient bags are placed, cover the bed with a black plastic film with ventilation holes;

[0015] Step 6: Building the internal arch shed. Build a small arch shed on the bed surface during the primordium germination period to construct a small environmental stable area, and control the CO2 concentration in the small arch shed ≤ 800 ppm and the soil humidity > 15%;

[0016] Step 7: Ventilation. Ventilate the arch shed during the swelling period of the fruiting body to make the soil humidity > 15% and the air humidity > 80%, and the CO2 concentration ≤ 600 ppm.

[0017] Further, in Step 1, the tillage depth of the soil is 10 - 12 cm, the tillage depth stability ≥ 90%, and the particle size of the surface soil clods after tillage ≤ 5 cm.

[0018] Further, in Step 2, the span of the arch shed is 3 - 12 m, the height is 1.5 - 2.6 m, the arch shed is equipped with a skirt film, and the height of the skirt film is 60 - 80 cm.

[0019] Further, in Step 3, if the soil moisture is not saturated after the rice harvest, irrigate and supplement water. Sprinkle irrigation is carried out on the farmland at a water volume of 4 - 8 m 3 per mu, and keep it for 24 - 48 h until the soil moisture reaches the saturated state. Further, the preferred soil for Morchella cultivation is loam, followed by clay. Among them, loam is sprinkler-irrigated at 6 - 8 m 3 per mu to keep the soil moisture for 24 - 36 h; clay is sprinkler-irrigated at 4 - 6 m 3 per mu to keep the soil moisture for 36 - 48 h.

[0020] Further, in Step 3, if there is continuous rainy weather after the rice harvest, first use the rainfall to increase the soil water content. After the rainfall ends, build the shed frame, calculate the actual irrigation water volume in the field according to the rainfall amount, and determine whether to irrigate and supplement water.

[0021] Further, in Step 4, tidy the ridge bed and dig the ridge ditch along the direction of the arch shed. The width of the ridge bed is 80 - 120 cm, the height is 18 - 20 cm, the width of the ridge ditch is 40 - 50 cm, and the depth is 15 - 20 cm. Rake the ridge surface until the particle size of the soil clods is 1 - 2 cm.

[0022] Further, in Step 5, adopt the strip sowing method. Along the ridge bed, rake 2 - 3 sowing ditches with a width and depth of 3 - 5 cm and a spacing of 20 - 30 cm. Evenly sow the crushed spawn into the ditches, cover with 3 - 5 cm of the original field fine soil, level the surface soil and then pour sufficient water; the spawn consumption is 150 - 200 kg / mu.

[0023] Further, in Step 5, ensure that there is no pollution and no damage before placing the nutrient bags. The single weight of the nutrient bag is 0.5 kg, the placement quantity is 1800 - 2400 bags / mu. Cut one side of the nutrient bag to form a cut, place it flat on the surface of the ridge bed with the cut facing down, place the nutrient bags parallel to the ridge bed direction, control the horizontal and vertical spacings of the nutrient bags to be 40 - 50 cm each, and place the nutrient bags staggeredly in the horizontal direction.

[0024] Further, in step 6, the width of the small arched shed built is the same as that of the ridge surface, and the height is 50 - 80 cm. A round hole with a diameter of 3 - 5 cm is reserved at the top of every 2 m of the small arched shed.

[0025] Further, in step 7, when ventilating, the parts on the side of the arched shed and in the shed opening that are perpendicular to the external air flow direction are opened.

[0026] Beneficial effects

[0027] (1) The method of the present invention is suitable for the post - rice stubble environment, and eliminates the high - risk link of watering to induce mushroom growth in the production of Morchella esculenta, reducing the problem of Morchella esculenta yield reduction or even crop failure caused by improper control of factors such as time, water volume, and supporting measures during the implementation of this link.

[0028] (2) The method of the present invention adapts to local conditions and timing. For the post - rice stubble environment, by irrigating and supplementing water in the early stage and supporting measures such as building a shed in the middle stage to maintain water and adjusting water in the later stage, the water consumption throughout the growth cycle of Morchella esculenta is ensured without watering to induce mushroom growth during the primordium germination period, promoting the coordinated management of high - efficiency and stable production of Morchella esculenta on rice stubble.

[0029] (3) The method of the present invention adopts measures such as "not watering to induce mushroom growth" and "building a shed to retain water" in the middle stage to create a suitable temperature and humidity habitat for the primordium stage of Morchella esculenta, improving the resistance of Morchella esculenta to the environment during this period.

[0030] (4) The method of the present invention reduces the investment in consumable components such as sprinkler irrigation in the production of Morchella esculenta, reducing the investment cost for the high - cost production of Morchella esculenta. Description of the drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a real - scene example diagram after field tillage;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a real - scene example diagram after the shed frame is built;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a real - scene example diagram after irrigation and water supplementation;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a real - scene example diagram after the ridge bed is sorted;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a real - scene example diagram after the nutrient bags are placed;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a real - scene example diagram after covering with black plastic film;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a real - scene example diagram of the mycelium condition under the film;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a real - scene example diagram after the small arched shed is built;

[0039] Figure 9 It is a real-scene example diagram of the condition of the primordium on the ground surface at the initial stage of primordium germination;

[0040] Figure 10 and Figure 11 It is a real-scene example diagram of ventilation during the swelling period of the fruiting body;

[0041] Figure 12 It is a real-scene example diagram of the harvesting period of the fruiting body;

[0042] Figure 13 It is a comparison diagram of air temperature in stages;

[0043] Figure 14 It is a comparison diagram of air humidity in stages;

[0044] Figure 15 It is a comparison diagram of soil temperature in stages;

[0045] Figure 16 It is a comparison diagram of soil humidity in stages;

[0046] Figure 17 It is a comparison diagram of CO2 concentration in stages. Specific implementation mode

[0047] The method for planting Morchella esculenta without mushroom-promoting water suitable for the post-rice stubble environment provided by the present invention, in accordance with the principles of "irrigating to supplement water" in the early stage, "building a shed to maintain water" in the middle stage, and "regulating water with gas" in the later stage, raises the soil moisture to a saturated state by irrigation before sowing Morchella esculenta, builds a small arch shed at the initial stage of primordium germination to keep the soil moisture content > 15% and the CO2 concentration ≤ 800 ppm, and controls the soil humidity in the shed > 15%, the air humidity > 80% by air flow regulation, and the CO2 concentration ≤ 600 ppm during the swelling period of the fruiting body, so as to ensure a growth environment that is moist during the mycelium growth period of Morchella esculenta and relatively dry during the swelling of the fruiting body.

[0048] Among them, "irrigating to supplement water" in the early stage mainly means that before sowing Morchella esculenta, irrigation is carried out according to the soil type to supplement water, and after maintaining for a certain time until the soil moisture in the field is saturated, ridges are made and ditches are dug, and the water in the soil can ensure the water requirement for the whole growth period of Morchella esculenta, and the excess water is discharged through the drainage ditch. Before "irrigating to supplement water", seize the fine weather after rice harvest, plow and level the soil, and build a shed frame to ensure a suitable growth environment for Morchella esculenta.

[0049] "Building a shed to maintain water" in the middle stage mainly means that at the initial stage of primordium germination, a small arch shed is built on the ridge surface to construct a suitable small environmental stable area, ensuring the normal germination and growth of the primordium of Morchella esculenta, ensuring that the CO2 concentration in the growth environment of Morchella esculenta ≤ 800 ppm, and the soil humidity in the shed is kept > 15%, and the air humidity is not required.

[0050] In the later stage, "regulating water with air" mainly means that during the period of fruiting body swelling, open the side of the arch shed or the vertical direction of the outside air flow at the shed entrance, and adjust the soil and air humidity in the shed to be >15% and >80% respectively through gas flow, and the CO2 concentration is ≤600 ppm.

[0051] The method for planting Morchella esculenta without mushroom forcing water suitable for the post-rice stubble environment provided by the present invention may further include the following specific steps:

[0052] (1)Field tillage

[0053] Select a medium-sized tractor or an improved walking tractor for rotary tillage operation. The rotary tillage depth of the soil is 10 - 12 cm, the tillage depth stability is ≥90%, and the particle size of the surface soil clods after rotary tillage is ≤5 cm. After field tillage, as Figure 1 shown.

[0054] (2)Arch shed construction

[0055] Build a medium-sized or large-sized arch shed. Preferably, the span of the medium-sized arch shed is 3 - 6 m, and the height is 1.5 - 2.3 m; the span of the large-sized arch shed is 8 - 12 m, and the height is 2.4 - 2.6 m. Both the medium-sized and large-sized arch sheds are equipped with skirt films, and the height of the skirt film is 60 - 80 cm. After arch shed construction, as Figure 2 shown.

[0056] (3)Irrigation and water replenishment

[0057] Irrigate and replenish water according to the soil type, and maintain for a certain period until the soil moisture in the field is saturated. Specifically, spray irrigate the farmland with 4 - 8 m 3 of water per mu, and maintain for 24 - 48 h until the soil moisture reaches the saturated state, and then make ridges and open ditches. Loam is preferably used for planting Morchella esculenta, followed by clay. Among them, loam is spray irrigated with 6 - 8 m 3 of water per mu, and the soil moisture is maintained for 24 - 36 h; clay is spray irrigated with 4 - 6 m 3 of water per mu, and the soil moisture is maintained for 36 - 48 h. After irrigation and water replenishment, as Figure 3 shown.

[0058] When continuous rainy weather occurs after rice and the conditions of "first soil tillage and arch shed construction, and then irrigation and water replenishment" are not available, the rainfall can also be used to increase the soil water content as the situation demands. After the rainfall ends, build the arch shed, and calculate the actual irrigation amount in the field according to the rainfall. When the rainfall is higher than the recommended irrigation amount, directly make ridges and open ditches; when it is lower than the irrigation amount, supplement the water to the recommended value and maintain for 24 - 48 h, and then make ridges and open ditches.

[0059] (4)Bed preparation

[0060] The bed preparation mainly involves preparing the beds and digging the furrows along the direction of the greenhouse in the field. The width of the beds is 80 - 120 cm, the height is 18 - 20 cm, the width of the furrows is 40 - 50 cm, and the depth is 15 - 20 cm. For poorly drained and clayey soils, high beds should be made to prevent waterlogging in the beds. The bed surface should be raked loose, soft, and fine, with soil clods having a particle size of 1 - 2 cm. After the bed preparation, as Figure 4 shown.

[0061] (5)Seeding of spawn and placement of nutrient bags

[0062] After the bed preparation is completed, when the average daily temperature remains below 20 °C for 7 consecutive days, seeding can be carried out. Using the dibbling method, make 2 - 3 sowing furrows along the bed, with a width, depth, and spacing of 3 - 5 cm, 20 - 30 cm respectively. Break or crush the spawn and evenly sow it in the furrows, cover it with 3 - 5 cm of the original fine soil from the field, level the surface soil, pour sufficient water, and then cover it with a plastic film. The amount of spawn used is 150 - 200 kg per mu, and calculate the seeding rate according to the sowing furrows or the bed surface before sowing.

[0063] 7 - 10 days after sowing, when the white mycelial frost (asexual spores) covers the bed surface, lift the plastic film and place the nutrient bags. Check the nutrient bags before placement to ensure they are free from contamination and damage. Taking the nutrient bags with a single weight of 0.5 kg as an example, the number of nutrient bags placed is 1800 - 2400 bags per mu. Make two 8 - 10 cm slits on one side of the nutrient bag, place it flat on the bed surface with the slits facing down, and press it firmly. Place the nutrient bags parallel to the bed direction. The row spacing and longitudinal spacing of the nutrient bags are both 40 - 50 cm, and the nutrient bags are placed staggered horizontally. After the nutrient bags are placed, as Figure 5 shown.

[0064] After the nutrient bags are placed, cover the bed with a black plastic film, leaving ventilation holes at intervals of about 1 m. After covering the black plastic film, as Figure 6 shown, and the mycelium under the film is as Figure 7 shown.

[0065] (6)Construction of internal arch shed

[0066] In the initial stage of primordium germination, build a small arch shed on the bed surface to create a suitable small environmental stable area to ensure the normal germination and growth of Morchella esculenta primordia. The width of the small arch shed is the same as the bed surface, generally 80 - 120 cm, and the height is 50 - 80 cm. Reserve round holes with a diameter of 3 - 5 cm at the top of every 2 m of the small arch shed to ensure that the CO2 concentration ≤ 800 ppm, and the soil humidity in the shed remains > 15%, and the air humidity is not required. The environmental stable area constructed based on the small arch shed is also conducive to Morchella esculenta resisting low temperatures. After building the small arch shed in the initial stage of primordium germination, as Figure 8 shown, and the condition of the primordia on the ground surface in the initial stage of primordium germination is as Figure 9 shown.

[0067] (7)Ventilation measures

[0068] During the fruiting body swelling period, open the side of the arch shed or the shed entrance perpendicular to the direction of the external air flow. Regulate the soil and air humidity in the shed through air flow to be >15% and >80% respectively, and the CO2 concentration to be ≤600 ppm. Ventilation during the fruiting body swelling period is as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown.

[0069] (8)Harvest of fruiting bodies

[0070] When the cap of the fruiting body grows to 5 - 7 cm, it can be harvested. The Morchella esculenta enters the fruiting body harvest period as Figure 12 shown. Example

[0071] Taking Guli Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province as an example, Morchella esculenta is produced in the paddy field after rice harvest. The test site is a typical clay farmland. After the previous rice harvest, Morchella esculenta is planted, and the variety of Morchella esculenta is the sixth sister. From November 28th to December 7th, 2022, the field is plowed, the shed frame is built, irrigation and water replenishment are carried out, and the ridge bed is sorted out in sequence. Among them, the field is plowed by a medium-sized tractor with a tillage depth of 10 - 12 cm and the surface soil clod particle size of 5 - 8 cm after tillage; the medium-sized arch shed is selected for the shed frame with a span of 6m and a height of 2m. The height of the two side skirts of the shed frame is set at 60cm, and the skirt film switch is controlled by a hand-held rocker; irrigate and replenish water at 6 m 3 per mu. After 36 hours, the ridge bed is sorted out and ditches are dug for drainage. Among them, the width of the ridge bed is 1.2m and the height is 15cm, and the drainage ditch is 40cm wide and 20cm deep. The mushroom seeds are planted on December 8th, and the amount of mushroom seeds used per mu is 150 kg. Nutrient bags are placed on December 15th and covered with perforated black plastic film. There are 2000 nutrient bags per mu, and the weight of a single nutrient bag is 0.3 kg. A small arch shed is built at the initial stage of the germination of the Morchella esculenta primordium on February 5th. Specifically, fiberglass rods are used as the arch rod materials, and plastic film is covered on the top. The plastic film is perforated every 2 meters. On sunny days, the plastic shed film is lifted to the middle of the arch rod and fixed to strengthen the air flow above the Morchella esculenta primordium. Starting from February 20th, the Morchella esculenta enters the fruiting body swelling period. Observe the daily direction of the external air flow, open the side of the arch shed or the shed entrance perpendicular to the external air flow direction, and regulate the appropriate soil and air humidity in the shed through air flow. The Morchella esculenta is harvested starting from March 15th and the harvest ends at the end of March, with a yield of 548.8 kg / mu.

[0072] Control example

[0073] Different from the production of Morchella esculenta using the water management method without mushroom primordium induction water in the rice stubble in the example, the control example uses the conventional method of watering for mushroom primordium induction at the initial stage to produce Morchella esculenta, which is specifically as follows: Compared with the example, the control example installed hanging spray belts inside the medium-sized arched shed to water and induce mushrooms during the germination period of Morchella esculenta primordium. The number of installations in each arched shed is 2 to ensure uniform moisture on the ridge surface when the hanging spray is turned on. On February 5th, at the initial stage of Morchella esculenta primordium germination, the irrigation equipment in the shed was used to water and induce mushrooms. When the irrigation equipment was turned on and continuous irrigation was maintained for 20 minutes until there was a small amount of water accumulation in the furrow, the irrigation equipment was turned off; at the same time, the control example did not build a small arched shed additionally. The yield of the control example was 50 - 250 kg / mu.

[0074] When the example is compared with the control example, in terms of air temperature as Figure 13 shown, there is no obvious change in the mycelium growth period of the example, and the average temperature decreases by 0.4 °C during both the primordium germination period and the fruiting body swelling period; in terms of air humidity as Figure 14 shown, there is no obvious change in the mycelium growth period of the example, and it increases by 4.7% and 8.8% respectively during the primordium germination period and the fruiting body swelling period; in terms of soil temperature as Figure 15 shown, there is no obvious change in the mycelium growth period of the example, and it increases by 0.6 °C and 0.2 °C respectively during the primordium germination period and the fruiting body swelling period; in terms of soil humidity as Figure 16 shown, there is no obvious change in the mycelium growth period of the example, and it increases by 69.8% and 69.4% respectively during the primordium germination period and the fruiting body swelling period; in terms of CO2 concentration as Figure 17 shown, there is no obvious change in the mycelium growth period of the example, and it increases by 24.1% and 36.6% respectively during the primordium germination period and the fruiting body swelling period, but it is not higher than 800 ppm after ventilation (the CO2 concentration tolerated by the fruiting body swelling period of Morchella esculenta).

[0075] The above embodiments are exemplary, and their purpose is to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, so that those skilled in this field can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing Morchella edulis without mushroom accelerator in water suitable for the post-rice environment, characterized in that: The method of not pouring mushroom water includes the following steps: Step 1: Field preparation; Step 2: Build the arch shed frame; Step 3: Water control to make the soil water reach saturation; Step 4: Bed preparation: prepare the bed and dig furrows on the field, and harrow the bed surface until it is loose and soft; Step 5: Place the fungus seeds and nutrient bags in the field. After the bed is prepared, sow the seeds under the condition that the daily average temperature is below 20°C for 7 consecutive days. Cover the seeds with soil and water thoroughly after sowing, then cover with plastic film. After the white fungus frost covers the surface of the bed, lift the plastic film and place the nutrient bags. After the nutrient bags are placed, cover the bed with black plastic film with air holes. Step 6: Internal arch shed construction: During the primordium germination period, a small arch shed is built on the bed surface to create a small environmental stability zone, and the CO2 concentration in the small arch shed is controlled to be ≤800 ppm and the soil moisture is >15%; Step 7: Ventilation: Ventilate the shed during the fruiting body expansion period to make the soil and air humidity >15% and >80% respectively, and the CO2 concentration ≤600 ppm; In step 1, the soil is tilled to a depth of 10-12 cm, the tillage depth stability is ≥90%, and the particle size of the surface soil after tillage is ≤5 cm; In step 2, the span of the arch shed is 3-12 m, the height is 1.5-2.6 m, and the arch shed has a skirt membrane with a height of 60-80 cm; In step 3, if the soil is not saturated after rice, irrigation should be carried out at a rate of 4-8 m3 / mu. 3 Sprinkler irrigation is carried out on farmland with a certain amount of water, and the irrigation is maintained for 24 to 48 hours until the soil reaches saturation; In step 7, during ventilation, the sides of the arch shed and the parts of the shed opening that are perpendicular to the direction of the external airflow are opened; In step 5, the row sowing method is adopted, and 2-3 sowing furrows with a width and depth of 3-5 cm and a spacing of 20-30 cm are dug along the bed. The crushed fungus is evenly sown in the furrows, covered with 3-5 cm of original field fine soil, and the topsoil is raked and watered thoroughly. The amount of fungus used is 150-200 kg / mu; In step 5, ensure that the nutrient bags are not contaminated or damaged before placement. The weight of a single nutrient bag is 0.5 kg, and the number of bags placed is 1800-2400 bags per mu. Cut one side of the nutrient bag to form a cut, and place it flat on the surface of the bed with the cut facing down. Place the nutrient bags parallel to the bed, and control the horizontal and vertical spacing of the nutrient bags to be 40-50 cm. The nutrient bags are staggered in the horizontal direction.

2. The method for growing Morchella edulis without mushroom accelerator in water suitable for the post-rice environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, if there is continuous rainy weather after rice is harvested, the rainfall is used to increase the soil moisture content. After the rainfall stops, a shed is built, and the actual irrigation amount of the field is calculated based on the rainfall to determine whether irrigation or water replenishment is needed.

3. The method for growing Morchella edulis without mushroom accelerator in water suitable for the post-rice environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the bed is arranged and the furrows are dug along the direction of the arch shed. The width of the bed is 80-120 cm and the height is 18-20 cm. The width of the furrow is 40-50 cm and the depth is 15-20 cm. The bed surface is raked to a soil particle size of 1-2 cm.

4. The method for growing Morchella edulis without mushroom accelerator in water suitable for the post-rice environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the width of the small arch shed built is the same as the bed surface, and the height is 50~80 cm. A circular hole with a diameter of 3~5 cm is reserved at the top of the small arch shed every 2 m.

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