Extraction method of active components of ganoderma lucidum spore powder
The polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder are extracted through high-pressure homogenization, ultra-fine grinding, defatting, concentration and purification. The encapsulation process is then used to form microcapsule structures, which solves the problem of poor absorption of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, improves the cell wall breakage rate and extraction rate, and enhances the absorption and utilization rate of the bioactive substances in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in the human body.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGDONG RUNYUAN ZHONGTIAN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
Smart Images
Figure GDA0004811158270000091 
Figure GDA0004811158270000101
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder processing, specifically a method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. Background Technology
[0002] Reishi mushroom (scientific name: Ganoderma lucidum) is a fungus belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, class Agaricomycetes, and family Ganodermataceae. It is a common traditional Chinese medicine and is widely used in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine.
[0003] Reishi mushroom is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine preparations, commonly used to treat hepatitis, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Reishi spore powder is a natural nutritional supplement extracted from the spores of Reishi mushrooms. Reishi spores are a powdery substance produced during the growth of Reishi mushrooms; they contain rich nutrients and bioactive substances, offering a wide range of health benefits. Reishi spore powder is mainly composed of proteins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and other bioactive substances, which significantly enhance the human immune system, antioxidant capacity, and anti-fatigue effects.
[0004] However, the particle size of Ganoderma lucidum spores is generally around 10 micrometers. The outer wall of the spore has a tough chitinous shell, making it extremely difficult for the human body to digest and absorb the active ingredients inside directly. In order for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to fully exert its effects, it is necessary to extract the active ingredients from the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. The effective components of the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder of this invention are mainly polysaccharides; specifically, it provides a method for extracting a mixture of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, as detailed below:
[0006] A method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder includes the following steps:
[0007] Step S1, Pretreatment: Soak Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in a dilute alcohol solution for 8-12 hours, then homogenize under high pressure and filter; take the filter residue and vacuum dry it at 50-65℃, then freeze the completely dried filter residue at -60-80℃ for 24-36 hours to obtain pretreated powder.
[0008] Step S2, cell wall breaking treatment: Take the pretreated powder obtained in step S1 and pulverize it through an ultra-micro pulverizing device for 25-35 minutes to obtain cell wall broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
[0009] Step S3, defatting treatment: Add the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained in step S2 to petroleum ether, stir for 1 to 1.5 hours, and then filter; then add the filter residue back to petroleum ether, repeat 3 to 5 times, and take the last filter residue and dry it at 50 to 65°C.
[0010] Step S4, Concentration Treatment: Add the defatted Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to a dilute alcohol solution, stir and mix thoroughly at a constant temperature of 50-60℃ for 30-45 minutes, treat with ultrasound for 1.5-2 hours, collect the filtrate, concentrate under reduced pressure to 0.25-0.34% of the original volume, completing one concentration step; then add the concentrated liquid to a new dilute alcohol solution and repeat the concentration treatment 2-3 times to obtain a concentrated solution;
[0011] Step S5, Purification Process: For the alcohol extraction process, anhydrous ethanol is added to the concentrate to adjust the ethanol solution concentration to 50-65%, and the solution is kept at a constant temperature of 2-6℃ for 12-18 hours. Afterwards, it is centrifuged for 20-30 minutes to separate the precipitate and the alcohol extract. The precipitate is then subjected to the alcohol extraction process again, with the ethanol concentration gradually increased within the specified range, for 2-3 cycles. For the water extraction process, the precipitate from the final alcohol extraction is added to purified water and extracted at 95-100℃ for 45-60 minutes, 2-3 times. The water extracts obtained from each extraction are collected by centrifugation. The water extracts and alcohol extracts from the multiple extractions are combined and freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain the effective component extract of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the pretreatment and the concentration treatment in step S4, the concentration of the dilute alcohol solution is 8-10% wt ethanol solution.
[0013] Preferably, the pulverizing speed in step S2 is 2000-2500 r / min.
[0014] Preferably, in step S5, during the purification process, the centrifugation rate is 8000 r / min during the formation of precipitate and alcohol extract.
[0015] Preferably, after the preparation of the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder effective ingredient extract is completed in step S5, the process further includes step S6, preservation treatment: encapsulating the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder effective ingredient extract.
[0016] Preferably, step S6 includes: taking an oil-soluble waxy substance and melting it, adding the active ingredient extract and stirring thoroughly, then homogenizing it, and finally spray-drying the homogenized liquid to form an encapsulated extract with an outer layer of oil-soluble waxy substance.
[0017] During the spraying process, the waxy substance rapidly cools and solidifies, forming microcapsule structures. Collecting these microcapsules during the drying process yields a uniform microcapsule product.
[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of the oil-soluble wax to the active ingredient extract is 1.2 to 1.6:1.
[0019] Preferably, the oil-soluble waxy substance is any one of beeswax, cetacean, lanolin, and carnauba wax.
[0020] Preferably, during the spray drying process, the feed rate of the homogenized liquid is 5-15 ml / min, the hot air temperature is 45-50℃, and the air velocity is 10-25 m / s.
[0021] Beneficial effects
[0022] 1. The method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder of the present invention has low technical difficulty, is easy to industrialize, has a simple preparation process and a high cell wall breakage rate. It is particularly effective in extracting polysaccharides, the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which are more easily absorbed by the human body. The extraction rate is as high as 85% or more, and it effectively promotes the positive effects of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on the human body and improves the utilization rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
[0023] 2. Regarding the polysaccharide compounds in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder that have already undergone cell wall disruption and purification, this invention provides a method to extend the shelf life and freshness of the extract. By encapsulating the extract of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a layer of oil-soluble lipid film is coated on the outside of the effective components. This reduces the reaction between the effective components and the external environment, which could lead to the inactivation of the effective substances. At the same time, the lipid film allows the effective components to be absorbed by the human body after entering the body, thereby improving the targeted effect of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
[0024] 3. The preservation treatment of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder extract by this application can effectively maintain the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, prevent deterioration after long-term storage, and still maintain a high polysaccharide extraction rate. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be provided below. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.
[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
[0027] Ganoderma lucidum spore powder polysaccharides, as one of the main effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, have antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Their strong antioxidant capacity can help the body eliminate free radicals, reduce oxidative stress damage to tumor cells, and thus inhibit tumor cell growth and spread. On the other hand, polysaccharides can enhance the body's ability to clear tumor cells by promoting the proliferation and activation of immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. In terms of health benefits, polysaccharides can also affect the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, bringing benefits to the host through various metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and branched-chain short-chain fatty acids. This invention aims to better utilize the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder by extracting its effective component, polysaccharides. By extracting polysaccharides, their content and purity can be more precisely controlled, thereby improving the efficacy and safety of the drug, while reducing other unwanted components and lowering side effects.
[0028] The Ganoderma lucidum spore powder used in this invention is selected from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder harvested from Hu Nong Ganoderma No. 1 in Longquan, Zhejiang.
[0029] Example 1:
[0030] A method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder includes the following steps:
[0031] Step S1, Pretreatment: Soak 100.46g of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in 100ml of 8%wt ethanol solution for 8h, then homogenize it under high pressure using a high pressure homogenizer and filter it; take the filter residue and vacuum dry it at 50℃, then freeze the completely dried filter residue at -60℃ for 24h to obtain pretreated powder.
[0032] Step S2, Cell wall breaking treatment: Take the pretreated powder obtained in step S1 and pulverize it through an airflow ultrafine pulverizer at a pulverization speed of 2000 r / min for 25 min to obtain cell wall broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
[0033] Step S3, defatting treatment: Add the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained in step S2 to petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:30 (g / ml), stir for 1 hour, and then filter; then add the obtained filter residue back to petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:30 (g / ml), repeat 3 times, and take the last filter residue and dry it at 50℃.
[0034] Step S4, Concentration Treatment: Add the defatted Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to 100ml of 8%wt ethanol solution, stir and mix thoroughly at a constant temperature of 50℃ for 30min, and ultrasonically treat for 1.5h at an ultrasonic power of 480W. Collect the filtrate, concentrate it under reduced pressure to 0.25% of the original volume to complete the first concentration. Then add the liquid from the first concentration to a new 8%wt ethanol solution and repeat the concentration treatment twice to obtain the concentrated solution.
[0035] Step S5, Purification: During the alcohol extraction, anhydrous ethanol was added to the concentrate to adjust the concentration of the ethanol solution to 50%, and the temperature was kept constant at 2-3℃ for 12 hours. After that, the solution was centrifuged for 20 minutes to separate the precipitate and the first alcohol extract. The first precipitate was then extracted again according to the alcohol extraction steps, adjusting the concentration of the ethanol solution to 55%, 60%, and 65%, and the operation was repeated 3 times. For water extraction, the precipitate after the last alcohol extraction was added to pure water and extracted at 95-100℃ for 60 minutes, 3 times. The water extracts obtained from each extraction were centrifuged at a centrifugation rate of 8000 r / min. The water extracts and alcohol extracts obtained from the multiple extractions were combined and freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain 5.1 g of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder effective component extract.
[0036] Example 2
[0037] A method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder includes the following steps:
[0038] Step S1, Pretreatment: Soak 99.91g of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in 100ml of 9%wt ethanol solution for 10h, then homogenize it under high pressure using a high-pressure homogenizer and filter it; take the filter residue and vacuum dry it at 65℃, then freeze the completely dried filter residue at -80℃ for 32h to obtain pretreated powder.
[0039] Step S2, cell wall breaking treatment: Take the pretreated powder obtained in step S1 and pulverize it through an airflow ultrafine pulverizer for 30 minutes and a pulverizing speed of 2500 r / min to obtain cell wall broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
[0040] Step S3, defatting treatment: Add the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained in step S2 to petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:30 (g / ml), stir for 1.2 hours, and then filter; then add the obtained filter residue back to petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:30 (g / ml), repeat 4 times, and take the last filter residue and dry it at 55℃.
[0041] Step S4, Concentration Treatment: Add the defatted Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to a 9% wt ethanol solution, stir and mix thoroughly at a constant temperature of 60℃ for 45 min, and ultrasonically treat for 2 h at an ultrasonic power of 480W. Collect the filtrate, concentrate it under reduced pressure to 0.30% of the original volume to complete one concentration. Then add the concentrated liquid to a new 9% wt ethanol solution and repeat the concentration treatment 3 times to obtain the concentrated solution.
[0042] Step S5, Purification: During the alcohol extraction, anhydrous ethanol was added to the concentrate to adjust the concentration of the ethanol solution to 50%, and the temperature was kept constant at 4℃ for 18 hours. After centrifugation for 25 minutes, the precipitate and the first alcohol extract were separated. The first precipitate was then extracted again according to the alcohol extraction steps, adjusting the concentration of the ethanol solution to 55%, 60%, and 65%, and the operation was repeated 3 times. For water extraction, the precipitate after the last alcohol extraction was added to pure water and extracted at 95-100℃ for 50 minutes, 3 times. The water extracts obtained from each extraction were centrifuged at a centrifugation rate of 8000 r / min. The water extracts and alcohol extracts obtained from the multiple extractions were combined and freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain 4.8 g of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder effective component extract.
[0043] Example 3
[0044] A method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder includes the following steps:
[0045] Step S1, Pretreatment: Soak 100.21g of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in 100ml of 10%wt ethanol solution for 12h, then homogenize it under high pressure using a high pressure homogenizer and filter it; take the filter residue and vacuum dry it at 60℃, then freeze the completely dried filter residue at -70℃ for 36h to obtain pretreated powder.
[0046] Step S2, Cell wall breaking treatment: Take the pretreated powder obtained in step S1 and pulverize it through an airflow ultrafine pulverizer at a pulverizing speed of 2500 r / min for 35 min to obtain cell wall broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
[0047] Step S3, defatting treatment: Add the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained in step S2 to petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:30 (g / ml), stir for 1.5 hours, and then filter; then add the obtained filter residue back to petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:30 (g / ml), repeat 5 times, and take the last filter residue and dry it at 65℃.
[0048] Step S4, Concentration Treatment: Add the defatted Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to a 10% wt ethanol solution, stir and mix thoroughly at a constant temperature of 55℃ for 35 min, and ultrasonically treat for 1.8 h at an ultrasonic power of 480W. Collect the filtrate, concentrate it under reduced pressure to 0.34% of the original volume, and complete one concentration. Then add the concentrated liquid to a new 9% wt ethanol solution and repeat the concentration treatment twice to obtain the concentrated solution.
[0049] Step S5, Purification: During the alcohol extraction, anhydrous ethanol was added to the concentrate to adjust the concentration of the ethanol solution to 50%, and the mixture was kept at a constant temperature of 6℃ for 16 hours. After centrifugation for 30 minutes, the precipitate and the first alcohol extract were separated. The first precipitate was then extracted again according to the alcohol extraction steps, adjusting the concentration of the ethanol solution to 55%, 60%, and 65%, and the operation was repeated 3 times. For water extraction, the precipitate after the last alcohol extraction was added to pure water and extracted at 95-100℃ for 60 minutes, 3 times. The water extracts obtained from each extraction were collected by centrifugation at a centrifugation rate of 8000 r / min. The water extracts and alcohol extracts obtained from the multiple extractions were combined and freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain 5.3 g of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder active ingredient extract.
[0050] The extracts of effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder prepared in Examples 1-3 above were used as Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3, and the following tests were performed on Samples 1-3. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0051] For step S2, the detection of the cell wall breakage rate of the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder after cell wall breaking treatment.
[0052] The microscopic method is used, and the specific operation is as follows:
[0053] Take the broken-cell wall Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained in Examples 1-3, add physiological saline to dilute it 100 times, and stir thoroughly to form mixed droplets.
[0054] Drop the mixture onto a glass slide, then use tweezers to hold another glass slide and gently press it flat to form a thin layer of liquid on the slide.
[0055] Observe the slide under a microscope at 40x magnification. Calculate the number of unbroken spores and the total number of spores in the field of view, and then calculate the cell wall breakage rate. The formula is: Cell wall breakage rate = (Number of unbroken spores / Total number of spores) × 100%.
[0056] Detection of polysaccharide yield
[0057] The weight of the active ingredient extract was measured using an analytical balance. The polysaccharide yield was calculated as follows: (weight of active ingredient extract (g) / mass of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (g)) × 100%.
[0058] Detection of polysaccharide extraction rate
[0059] Detection principle: Phenol-sulfuric acid method
[0060] Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid, and then rapidly dehydrated to form furfural derivatives, which condense with phenol to form an orange-yellow compound. Within a certain range, the color intensity is directly proportional to the sugar content, and it has a maximum absorption peak at a wavelength of 490 nm. The content can be determined by colorimetry.
[0061] Plotting the glucose standard curve
[0062] Take 10 mL of the prepared 1 mL / mg standard glucose solution and dilute it to 100 mL to prepare the standard glucose working solution. Then, pipette 0, 0.2 mL, 0.4 mL, 0.6 mL, and 0.8 mL of the standard glucose working solution into 20 mL colorimetric tubes, add 1 mL of water to each tube, and then quickly add 1.0 mL of 5% phenol solution to each tube. After standing for 10 min, use a vortex mixer to thoroughly mix the reaction solution. React in a 30°C hot water bath for 20 min, and measure the absorbance at 490 nm at room temperature.
[0063] Sample Measurement
[0064] Accurately weigh 10.00 mg of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder active ingredient extract, and dilute to 100 mL to form a polysaccharide solution. Pipette 2 mL of the polysaccharide solution into a test tube, process it according to the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and then measure its absorbance at 490 nm. Calculate the polysaccharide content using a standard curve.
[0065] sample Cell wall breakage rate / % Polysaccharide yield / % Polysaccharide extraction rate / % Sample 1 98.7 5.08 88.3 Sample 2 98.2 4.80 85.1 Sample 3 99.3 5.29 89.3
[0066] Table 1. Test results of samples 1-3
[0067] To better preserve the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, this invention also provides a method for encapsulating the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder for preservation. The specific method is as follows:
[0068] After melting the oil-soluble waxy substance, the active ingredient extract is added and stirred thoroughly. The mixture is then homogenized and spray-dried to form an encapsulated extract with the oil-soluble waxy substance on the outside.
[0069] During the spraying process, the waxy substance cools and solidifies rapidly, forming a microcapsule structure. Collecting the microcapsules during the drying process yields a uniform microcapsule product.
[0070] The mass ratio of oil-soluble wax to active ingredient extract is 1.2–1.6:1; the oil-soluble wax is any one of beeswax, cetacean, lanolin, and palm wax; during spray drying, the feed rate of the homogenized liquid is 5–15 ml / min, the hot air temperature is 45–50 °C, and the air velocity is 10–25 m / s.
[0071] The active ingredient extract was re-prepared using the method of Example 3 and supplied for use in Examples 1-3.
[0072] Application Example 1
[0073] Take 30g of palm wax and heat it to about 70℃ until the beeswax is completely melted. Add 25g of the active ingredient extract to the melted beeswax and stir at a constant temperature of 650℃ for 30 minutes. Then, homogenize the mixture using a homogenizer to form a homogenized liquid. Finally, spray dry the homogenized liquid at a feed rate of 5ml / min, a hot air temperature of 50℃, and a wind speed of 10m / s. Collect the microcapsules during the drying process to obtain a uniform microcapsule product.
[0074] Application Example 2
[0075] Take 30g of whale wax and heat it to about 45℃ until it is completely melted. Add 25g of the active ingredient extract to the melted beeswax and stir at a constant temperature of 45℃ for 30 minutes. Then, homogenize the mixture to form a homogenized liquid. Finally, spray dry the homogenized liquid at a feed rate of 15ml / min, a hot air temperature of 45℃, and a wind speed of 20m / s. Collect the microcapsules during the drying process to obtain a uniform microcapsule product.
[0076] Application Example 3
[0077] 30g of beeswax was heated to approximately 60℃ until completely melted. 25g of the active ingredient extract was added to the melted beeswax, and the mixture was stirred at a constant temperature of 60℃ for 30 minutes. The mixture was then homogenized to form a homogenized liquid. Finally, the homogenized liquid was spray-dried at a feed rate of 8ml / min, a hot air temperature of 45℃, and a wind speed of 25m / s. The microcapsules formed during the drying process were collected to obtain a uniform microcapsule product.
[0078] Application Example 4
[0079] The difference between Application Example 4 and Application Example 3 is that the mass ratio of the oil-soluble wax to the active ingredient extract in this application example is different, being 1.4:1. Specifically, the amount of beeswax is 35g.
[0080] Application Example 5
[0081] The difference between Application Example 5 and Application Example 3 is that the mass ratio of the oil-soluble wax to the active ingredient extract in this application example is different, being 1.6:1. Specifically, the amount of beeswax is 40g.
[0082] Comparative Example 1
[0083] Commercially available broken-cell wall Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
[0084] The microcapsule products prepared in Examples 1-5, the active ingredient extract prepared in Example 3, and the broken-cell wall Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in Comparative Example 1 were subjected to quality testing. 20g of each product was placed in a clean wide-mouth bottle and left open in the same room. The appearance, odor, texture, and polysaccharide extraction rate were tested after preparation, 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0085]
[0086]
[0087] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing specification, those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and any obvious improvements, substitutions, or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of explanation and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1, Pretreatment: Soak Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in a dilute alcohol solution for 8-12 hours, then homogenize under high pressure and filter; take the filter residue and vacuum dry it at 50-65℃, then freeze the completely dried filter residue at -60-80℃ for 24-36 hours to obtain pretreated powder. Step S2, cell wall breaking treatment: Take the pretreated powder obtained in step S1 and pulverize it through an ultra-micro pulverizing device for 25-35 minutes to obtain cell wall broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder; Step S3, defatting treatment: Add the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained in step S2 to petroleum ether, stir for 1 to 1.5 hours, and then filter; then add the filter residue back to petroleum ether, repeat 3 to 5 times, and take the last filter residue and dry it at 50 to 65°C. Step S4, Concentration Treatment: Add the defatted Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to a dilute alcohol solution, stir and mix thoroughly at a constant temperature of 50-60℃ for 30-45 minutes, treat with ultrasound for 1.5-2 hours, collect the filtrate, concentrate under reduced pressure to 0.25-0.34% of the original volume, completing one concentration step; then add the concentrated liquid to a new dilute alcohol solution and repeat the concentration treatment 2-3 times to obtain a concentrated solution; Step S5, Purification: For the alcohol extraction process, anhydrous ethanol is added to the concentrate to adjust the ethanol solution concentration to 50-65%, and the mixture is kept at a constant temperature of 2-6℃ for 12-18 hours. Afterward, it is centrifuged for 20-30 minutes to separate the precipitate and the alcohol extract. The precipitate is then subjected to the alcohol extraction process again, with the ethanol concentration gradually increased within the specified range, for 2-3 cycles. For the water extraction process, the precipitate from the final alcohol extraction is added to purified water and extracted at 95-100℃ for 45-60 minutes, 2-3 times. The water extracts obtained from each extraction are collected by centrifugation. The water extracts and alcohol extracts from the multiple extractions are combined and freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain the effective component extract of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. The process also includes step S6, preservation treatment: encapsulating the effective ingredient extract of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder; step S6 includes: taking an oil-soluble waxy substance and melting it, adding the effective ingredient extract and stirring thoroughly, then homogenizing it, and then spray-drying the homogenized liquid to form an encapsulated extract with the outer layer of oil-soluble waxy substance; the mass ratio of the oil-soluble waxy substance to the effective ingredient extract is 1.2 to 1.6:1; during the spray drying process, the feed rate of the homogenized liquid is 5 to 15 ml / min, the hot air temperature is 45 to 50℃, and the air velocity is 10 to 25 m / s.
2. The method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the pretreatment and the concentration treatment in step S4, the concentration of the dilute alcohol solution is 8-10% wt ethanol solution.
3. The method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing speed in step S2 is 2000-2500 r / min.
4. The method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, during the purification process, the centrifugation rate is 8000 r / min during the formation of precipitate and alcohol extract.
5. The method for extracting the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil-soluble waxy substance is any one of beeswax, whale wax, lanolin, and carnauba wax.