Method for homogenizing fermentation of cigar tobacco to produce flavor and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a method for homogenizing fermentation and producing aroma of cigar tobacco leaves and application thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: S1. After airing, the cigar tobacco leaves are initially humidified, and an apple acid solution with a pH value of 7-7.5 is sprayed on the initially humidified cigar tobacco leaves, and the humidified tobacco leaves are balanced to obtain humidified tobacco leaves; S2. The humidified tobacco leaves are wrapped with gauze, and then fermented to obtain aroma-producing cigar tobacco leaves. Through the addition of the apple acid, the humidification and fermentation of the cigar tobacco leaves are realized, the aroma content of the fermented cigar tobacco leaves is improved, the homogenization degree of the color and aroma content of the fermented tobacco leaves is improved, and the amount of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products and bomeol aroma substances is extremely obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tobacco agricultural technology, and in particular to a method and application of homogenized fermentation for aroma production of cigar tobacco leaves. Background Technology

[0002] The fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves is essentially a process that, under certain temperature and humidity conditions, causes profound changes in the physicochemical properties of the tobacco leaves, harmonizes the proportions of the main chemical components such as sugar, nitrogen, and alkali, promotes the degradation and decomposition of internal organic matter into aroma substances, such as carotenoid degradation products, chlorophyll degradation products, Maillard reaction products, ceperane degradation products, and phenylalanine conversion products, resulting in a significant improvement in the aroma and flavor of the tobacco leaves.

[0003] Nutrients are used during the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves to enhance their aroma. Existing nutrient agents include ammonium fructate or ammonium benzoate, ammonium acetate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium cinnamate, ammonium fumarate, ammonium isooctanoate, citric acid, etc. However, their effect on increasing the content of specific aroma compounds in cigar tobacco leaves is not significant. These specific aroma compounds include carotenoid conversion products, cephalosporin degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, and perillyl alcohol.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method to increase the content of specific aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application provides a method and application for homogenized fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma, which is used to solve the problem of how to increase the content of specific aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, a method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated and sprayed with a malic acid solution with a pH of 7-7.5. The leaves are then allowed to stand and equilibrate to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in gauze and then ferment them to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0007] Preferably, the moisture content of cigar tobacco leaves after initial rehydration is 20-22%.

[0008] Preferably, the moisture content of the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 30-35%.

[0009] The preferred fermentation conditions are: relative humidity 75-85%, fermentation temperature 37-39℃, and fermentation time 3-14 days.

[0010] Preferably, the mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 1-5 g / kg.

[0011] Preferably, the malic acid solution is prepared by adding ammonia to malic acid and adjusting the pH value to 7-7.5.

[0012] Preferably, the number of gauze layers is 8-10.

[0013] Secondly, this application provides a method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to increase the content of aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves.

[0014] Preferably, the aroma substances include one or more of the following: carotenoid conversion products, cephalosporin degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, and sagerol.

[0015] Preferably, the carotenoid conversion products include one or more of farnesylacetone, damastone, megastigmatrienone, geranyl linalool, and β-ionone.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application significantly increases the amount of carotenoid conversion products, cephalosporin degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, and sagelinol aroma substances by adding malic acid to rehydrate and ferment cigar tobacco leaves. This invention has the advantages of simpler and clearer feed ingredients, readily available raw materials, low cost, high operational controllability, and applicability to cigar tobacco fermentation production; This invention improves the homogenization of color and aroma content of fermented tobacco leaves. Homogenization refers to the uniformity of cigar tobacco leaf quality, which includes the uniformity of color and total aroma content. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0018] The following specific embodiments further illustrate this solution.

[0019] Raw material description: The cigar tobacco leaves used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this application are tobacco leaves from the middle part of cigar plants grown in the Enshi Cigar Planting Base in Hubei Province, and the variety is Chu Xue 14.

[0020] Example 1 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated to a moisture content of 20%, and a malic acid solution with a pH of 7 adjusted by ammonia is sprayed onto the rehydrated cigar tobacco leaves. The leaves are allowed to stand and equilibrate to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves. The mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 1 g / kg, and the moisture content of the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 34%. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in 8 layers of gauze and place them in an unsealed self-sealing bag. Each self-sealing bag contains 2 kg of rehydrated tobacco leaves. Then place the bag in a constant temperature and humidity incubator and ferment for 6 days at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 37°C to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0021] Example 2 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated to a moisture content of 20%, and a malic acid solution with a pH of 7 adjusted by ammonia is sprayed onto the rehydrated cigar tobacco leaves. The leaves are allowed to stand and equilibrate to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves. The mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 2 g / kg, and the moisture content of the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 34%. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in 8 layers of gauze and place them in an unsealed self-sealing bag. Each self-sealing bag contains 2 kg of rehydrated tobacco leaves. Then place the bag in a constant temperature and humidity incubator and ferment for 6 days at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 37°C to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0022] Example 3 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated to a moisture content of 20%, and a malic acid solution with a pH of 7 adjusted by ammonia is sprayed onto the rehydrated cigar tobacco leaves. The leaves are allowed to stand and equilibrate to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves. The mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 3g / kg, and the moisture content of the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 34%. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in 8 layers of gauze and place them in an unsealed self-sealing bag. Each self-sealing bag contains 2 kg of rehydrated tobacco leaves. Then place the bag in a constant temperature and humidity incubator and ferment for 6 days at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 37°C to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0023] Example 4 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated to a moisture content of 20%, and a malic acid solution with a pH of 7 adjusted by ammonia is sprayed onto the rehydrated cigar tobacco leaves. The leaves are allowed to stand and equilibrate to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves. The mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 4 g / kg, and the moisture content of the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 34%. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in 8 layers of gauze and place them in an unsealed self-sealing bag. Each self-sealing bag contains 2 kg of rehydrated tobacco leaves. Then place the bag in a constant temperature and humidity incubator and ferment for 6 days at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 37°C to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0024] Example 5 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma is the same as in Example 1, except that the mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 5 g / kg.

[0025] Example 6 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma: (1) Tobacco leaves rehydrated After the dried cigar tobacco leaves have been rehydrated to a moisture content of 20-22%, a certain amount of water is weighed out and used as rehydration water. The rehydration water is then sprayed on the leaves, and the leaves are turned over. The leaves are then left to stand to allow the moisture content to balance (to 34%).

[0026] (2) Tobacco leaf fermentation The cigar tobacco leaves are fermented in 100 kg box-type fermentation chambers with a temperature of 30℃ and a humidity of 80%.

[0027] Box-type fermentation tobacco stacking method: The fermentation box is 120 cm long, 80 cm wide, and 80 cm high, with the bottom of the box 10 cm from the ground. The tobacco leaves are stacked layer by layer with the petioles facing outwards, and a cotton cloth and box lid are placed on top of the stacked tobacco leaves.

[0028] Box-type fermentation cycle: A temperature sensor is placed in the tobacco pile core to observe temperature changes during fermentation. Once the pile temperature reaches its maximum, it is slowly lowered and maintained at a certain temperature for about one day before being turned over. One fermentation cycle lasts approximately eight days. Previous studies have determined that the aroma content of the cigar tobacco samples is highest after the third turning, therefore, fermentation is considered to end after the third turning.

[0029] Sampling during fermentation: Sampling of tobacco leaves before and after fermentation (during the third turning of the pile).

[0030] Sampling method: The stack was divided into three layers (top, middle, and bottom) at 1 / 3 intervals. Four sampling points were established at a cross intersection at 1 / 3 of the plane diameter of each layer, with one sampling point at the core of the stack, for a total of five sampling points. One kg of cigar tobacco was randomly selected from each of these five sampling points. These samples were taken before fermentation and during the third turning of the stack in the natural fermentation group. Each sample consisted of tobacco leaves taken from 15 sampling points (5 sampling points per layer across the three layers).

[0031] (3) Sample colorimetric value detection The samples were tested using a colorimeter. The main colorimetric indices measured included lightness (L*), red-green hue (a*, positive values ​​represent redness, negative values ​​represent greenness), and yellow-blue hue (b*, positive values ​​represent yellowness, negative values ​​represent blueness). Representative leaves (3 leaves per layer, 5 sampling points per layer, 3 leaves per sampling point, totaling 45 leaves) without damage or disease spots were randomly selected from each sampling point as the test subjects. Five points were symmetrically selected at the leaf tip, middle, and base of each leaf, avoiding the veins during selection. Colorimetric values ​​are expressed as the average ± standard deviation of the measurement data from the 225 tobacco leaf measurement points.

[0032] (4) Sample processing and aroma substance content detection Each sample consisted of tobacco leaves taken from 15 sampling points. 100 g samples were uniformly taken from each of these 15 points, dried, and then pulverized using a grinder. The samples were then passed through a 40-mesh sieve and stored in a sealed container at 4℃. 10 g of the pulverized tobacco was accurately weighed and the aroma compounds were determined using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE)-GC-MS. The specific procedure was as follows: 10 g of tobacco sample was placed in a 1000 mL round-bottom flask of the simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus (SDE), and NaCl was added to form a saturated saline solution. Simultaneously, 60 mL of dichloromethane was placed in another 100 mL round-bottom flask. The two round-bottom flasks were then connected to opposite sides of the SDE apparatus. The organic phase (dichloromethane) was heated in a 55℃ water bath, and the aqueous phase was heated in a 160℃ oil bath. Timing began when liquid refluxed from the distillation tube to both flasks. After 2 hours, the sample solution was collected, dehydrated by adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated to 1-2 mL under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain the concentrated solution. After filtration, the concentrated solution was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the content of aroma compounds. The aroma compound content of the samples is expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the measurement data from the 15 sampling points mentioned above.

[0033] GC-MS determination conditions: Column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); Column temperature program: 40℃ for 2 min, increased to 200℃ at 2℃ / min, held for 5 min, then increased to 280℃ at 10℃ / min; Carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL / min; Injection volume: 1 μL; Split ratio: 10:1. Electron impact ion source: Electron energy 70 eV; Transfer line temperature: 250℃; Ion source temperature: 230℃; Mass scan range m / z 35–550. Peak identification of target compounds was based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST14) database. After removing the midrib and drying the tobacco leaves, they were pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Aroma components were extracted using a simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS.

[0034] At the end of the pilot-scale fermentation, the brightness value of the tobacco leaves in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 34±1.9; the red-green value of the tobacco leaves in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 12±0.85; and the yellow-blue value of the tobacco leaves in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 18±1.6.

[0035] After sample processing, the aroma content was determined by simultaneous distillation-gas chromatography. The aroma content before fermentation was 256.84 μg / g, and the aroma content in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 762 μg / g ± 128.67.

[0036] Example 7 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma: (1) Tobacco leaves rehydrated Dissolve malic acid in warm water and adjust the pH to 7-7.5 using ammonia to prepare rehydration solution. Rehydrate the dried cigar tobacco leaves to a moisture content of 20-22% and a malic acid content of 3 g / kg. Weigh out a certain amount of water to use as rehydration solution, spray the leaves with the solution, and turn them over. Let the leaves stand to allow the moisture content to reach equilibration (34%).

[0037] (2) Tobacco leaf fermentation The cigar tobacco leaves are fermented in 100 kg box-type fermentation chambers with a temperature of 30℃ and a humidity of 80%.

[0038] Box-type fermentation tobacco stacking method: The fermentation box is 120 cm long, 80 cm wide, and 80 cm high, with the bottom of the box 10 cm from the ground. The tobacco leaves are stacked layer by layer with the petioles facing outwards, and a cotton cloth and box lid are placed on top of the stacked tobacco leaves.

[0039] Box-type fermentation cycle: A temperature sensor is placed in the tobacco pile core to observe temperature changes during fermentation. Once the pile temperature reaches its maximum, it is slowly lowered and maintained at a certain temperature for about one day before being turned over. One fermentation cycle lasts approximately eight days. Previous studies have determined that the aroma content of the cigar tobacco samples is highest after the third turning, therefore, fermentation is considered to end after the third turning.

[0040] Sampling during fermentation: Sampling of tobacco leaves before and after fermentation (during the third turning of the pile).

[0041] Sampling method: The stack was divided into three layers (top, middle, and bottom) at 1 / 3 intervals. Four sampling points were established at a cross intersection at 1 / 3 of the plane diameter of each layer, with one sampling point at the core of the stack, for a total of five sampling points. One kg of cigar tobacco leaves was randomly selected from each of these five sampling points. These samples included the pre-fermentation sample and the third-time turning sample from the malic acid group. Each sample consisted of tobacco leaves taken from 15 sampling points (5 sampling points per layer across the three layers).

[0042] (3) Sample colorimetric value detection The samples were tested using a colorimeter. The main colorimetric indices measured included lightness (L*), red-green hue (a*, positive values ​​represent redness, negative values ​​represent greenness), and yellow-blue hue (b*, positive values ​​represent yellowness, negative values ​​represent blueness). Representative leaves (3 leaves per layer, 5 sampling points per layer, 3 leaves per sampling point, totaling 45 leaves) without damage or disease spots were randomly selected from each sampling point as the test subjects. Five points were symmetrically selected at the leaf tip, middle, and base of each leaf, avoiding the veins during selection. Colorimetric values ​​are expressed as the average ± standard deviation of the measurement data from the 225 tobacco leaf measurement points.

[0043] (4) Sample processing and aroma substance content detection Each sample consisted of tobacco leaves taken from 15 sampling points. 100 g samples were uniformly taken from each of these 15 points, dried, and then pulverized using a grinder. The samples were then passed through a 40-mesh sieve and stored in a sealed container at 4℃. 10 g of the pulverized tobacco was accurately weighed and the aroma compounds were determined using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE)-GC-MS. The specific procedure was as follows: 10 g of tobacco sample was placed in a 1000 mL round-bottom flask of the simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus (SDE), and NaCl was added to form a saturated saline solution. Simultaneously, 60 mL of dichloromethane was placed in another 100 mL round-bottom flask. The two round-bottom flasks were then connected to opposite sides of the SDE apparatus. The organic phase (dichloromethane) was heated in a 55℃ water bath, and the aqueous phase was heated in a 160℃ oil bath. Timing began when liquid refluxed from the distillation tube to both flasks. After 2 hours, the sample solution was collected, dehydrated by adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated to 1-2 mL under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain the concentrated solution. After filtration, the concentrated solution was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the content of aroma compounds. The aroma compound content of the samples is expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the measurement data from the 15 sampling points mentioned above.

[0044] GC-MS determination conditions: Column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); Column temperature program: 40℃ for 2 min, increased to 200℃ at 2℃ / min, held for 5 min, then increased to 280℃ at 10℃ / min; Carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL / min; Injection volume: 1 μL; Split ratio: 10:1. Electron impact ion source: Electron energy 70 eV; Transfer line temperature: 250℃; Ion source temperature: 230℃; Mass scan range m / z 35–550. Peak identification of target compounds was based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST14) database. After removing the midrib and drying the tobacco leaves, they were pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Aroma components were extracted using a simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS.

[0045] At the end of the pilot-scale fermentation, the brightness value of the tobacco leaves in the malic acid group was 36±1.5, while that in Example 6 was 34±1.9. This indicates that malic acid promoted the brightness of the fermented tobacco leaves, and the standard deviation of the entire batch of tobacco leaves decreased by 21%. In other words, the uniformity of brightness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation in Example 7 increased by 21%. The red-green value of the tobacco leaves in the malic acid group was 12±0.81, while that in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 12±0.85. This indicates that the redness of the tobacco leaves was more uniform after fermentation, and the standard deviation of the entire batch of tobacco leaves decreased by 5%. In other words, the uniformity of redness in the tobacco leaves after fermentation in Example 7 increased by 5%.

[0046] The yellow-blue value of the tobacco leaves in the malic acid group was 20±1.1, while that in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 18±1.6. This indicates that malic acid promoted the yellowness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation, and reduced the standard deviation of all tobacco leaves in the box by 31%. In other words, the uniformity of yellowness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation in Example 7 was increased by 31%.

[0047] At the end of the pilot-scale fermentation, the aroma compounds in the treated samples were determined by simultaneous distillation-gas chromatography. The total aroma content (excluding neophytadiene) in the malic acid group was 1488 μg / g ± 52.47, while that in Example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 762 μg / g ± 128.67. Malic acid significantly increased the total aroma content of the fermented tobacco leaves by 95%, and the standard deviation of the total aroma content decreased by 59%. In other words, the uniformity of the total aroma content of the tobacco leaves after fermentation in Example 7 increased by 59%.

[0048] Malic acid not only increases the aroma content of fermented cigar tobacco leaves, but surprisingly, it also improves the homogenization of color and aroma content, achieving excellent technical results and providing a technical solution for the homogenization processing of cigar tobacco leaves in my country.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated to a moisture content of 20%, and then pure water is added to the rehydrated cigar tobacco leaves. The leaves are left to stand and reach equilibrium to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves with a moisture content of 34%. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in 8 layers of gauze and place them in an unsealed self-sealing bag. Each self-sealing bag contains 2 kg of rehydrated tobacco leaves. Then place the bag in a constant temperature and humidity incubator and ferment for 6 days at 80% relative humidity and 37℃ to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0050] Comparative Example 2 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma is the same as in Example 2, except that malic acid is replaced with citric acid.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma is the same as in Example 3, except that malic acid is replaced with citric acid.

[0052] Comparative Example 4 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma is the same as in Example 5, except that malic acid is replaced with citric acid.

[0053] Comparative Example 5 A method for homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves to produce aroma includes the following steps: S1. The dried cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated to a moisture content of 20%. The same mass of ammonia water as in Example 1 is weighed into the rehydrated cigar tobacco leaves and dissolved in the rehydrated water. The pH is adjusted to 7 with dilute hydrochloric acid and allowed to stand for equilibrium to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves with a moisture content of 34%. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in 8 layers of gauze and place them in an unsealed self-sealing bag. Each self-sealing bag contains 2 kg of rehydrated tobacco leaves. Then place the bag in a constant temperature and humidity incubator and ferment for 6 days at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 37°C to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves.

[0054] Testing and Evaluation The aromatic cigar tobacco leaves obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 were processed and their styracil content was detected. The methods and steps are as follows: A uniform sample of 100 g was taken, dried, and then pulverized using a grinder. The sample was passed through a 40-mesh sieve and stored in a sealed container at 4℃. 10 g of the ground tobacco powder was accurately weighed and the concentration of perillol in the tobacco leaves was determined using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE)-GC-MS. The specific procedure was as follows: 10 g of tobacco powder sample was placed in a 1000 mL round-bottom flask of the simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus (SDE), and NaCl was added to form a saturated saline solution. Simultaneously, 60 mL of dichloromethane was placed in another 100 mL round-bottom flask. The two round-bottom flasks were then connected to opposite sides of the SDE apparatus. The organic phase (dichloromethane) was heated in a 55℃ water bath, and the aqueous phase was heated in a 160℃ oil bath. Timing began when liquid refluxed from the distillation tube to both flasks. After 2 hours, the distillate was collected, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to remove water, and the solution was concentrated to 1-2 mL under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain the concentrated solution. After filtration, the concentration of perillaldehyde was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

[0055] GC-MS determination conditions: Column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); Column temperature program: 40℃ for 2 min, ramp to 200℃ at 2℃ / min, hold for 5 min, then ramp to 280℃ at 10℃ / min; Carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL / min; Injection volume: 1 μL; Split ratio: 10:1. Electron impact ion source: Electron energy 70 eV; Transfer line temperature: 250℃; Ion source temperature: 230℃; Mass scan range m / z 35–550. Peak identification of target compounds was based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database (NIST14).

[0056] The results of the determination of perillaldehyde content in the samples of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 by simultaneous distillation-gas chromatography are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1. Test results of perillol content in aromatic cigar tobacco leaves from Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1

[0058] The following are the methods and steps for processing and detecting the content of carotenoid conversion products, cephalosporin degradation products, and phenylalanine conversion products in the tobacco leaves of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4: A uniform sample of 100 g was taken, dried, and then pulverized using a grinder. The sample was passed through a 40-mesh sieve and stored in a sealed container at 4℃. 10 g of the ground tobacco powder was accurately weighed and the concentration of perillol in the tobacco leaves was determined using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE)-GC-MS. The specific procedure was as follows: 10 g of tobacco powder sample was placed in a 1000 mL round-bottom flask of the simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus (SDE), and NaCl was added to form a saturated saline solution. Simultaneously, 60 mL of dichloromethane was placed in another 100 mL round-bottom flask. The two round-bottom flasks were then connected to opposite sides of the SDE apparatus. The organic phase (dichloromethane) was heated in a 55℃ water bath, and the aqueous phase was heated in a 160℃ oil bath. Timing began when liquid refluxed from the distillation tube to both flasks. After 2 hours, the distillate was collected, anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to remove water, and the solution was concentrated to 1-2 mL under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain the concentrated solution. The aroma content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after filtration of the concentrate.

[0059] GC-MS determination conditions: Column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); Column temperature program: 40℃ for 2 min, ramp to 200℃ at 2℃ / min, hold for 5 min, then ramp to 280℃ at 10℃ / min; Carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL / min; Injection volume: 1 μL; Split ratio: 10:1. Electron impact ion source: Electron energy 70 eV; Transfer line temperature: 250℃; Ion source temperature: 230℃; Mass scan range m / z 35–550. Peak identification of target compounds was based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database (NIST14).

[0060] The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2. Detection results of carotenoid conversion products, cephalosporin degradation products, and phenylalanine conversion products.

[0062] The content distribution of carotenoids in the tobacco leaves of cigars obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 3. The carotenoids include nisylacetone, damastone, megastigmatrienone, geraniol, and β-ionone.

[0063] Table 3. Distribution of Carotenoid Content

[0064] The above results show that the use of a certain amount of malic acid in this application can achieve a good aroma enhancement effect, while the use of citric acid or excessive use of malic acid cannot achieve a good aroma enhancement effect. At the same time, Table 2 also shows that the promoting effect of malic acid on the aroma production of cigar tobacco fermentation in the examples is not caused by ammonia water after pH adjustment to neutral.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for homogenizing fermentation of cigar tobacco to produce flavor, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After drying, the cigar tobacco leaves are rehydrated and sprayed with a malic acid solution with a pH of 7-7.

5. The leaves are then allowed to stand and equilibrate to obtain rehydrated tobacco leaves. S2. Wrap the rehydrated tobacco leaves in gauze and then ferment them to obtain aromatic cigar tobacco leaves; The malic acid solution is prepared by adding ammonia to malic acid and adjusting the pH value to 7-7.

5. The moisture content of the cigar tobacco leaves after initial rehydration is 20-22%. The moisture content of the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 30-35%; The fermentation conditions are: relative humidity 75-85%, fermentation temperature 37-39℃, and fermentation time 3-14 days; The mass concentration of malic acid in the rehydrated tobacco leaves is 1-5 g / kg; The gauze has 8-10 layers.

2. The application of the method as described in claim 1 to the content of aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves.

3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aroma substances include one or more of the following: carotenoid conversion products, ceperane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, and sagerol.

4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carotenoid conversion products include one or more of farnesylacetone, damastone, megastigmatrienone, geranyl linalool, and β-ionone.

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