A bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric comprises a bio-based waterproof and breathable layer, a first loose soft structure layer, a bio-based fabric base layer, a second loose soft structure layer and a bio-based biomimetic nylon fabric layer arranged in sequence. The composite fabric provided by the present invention uses bio-based low-carbon degradable materials, and the preparation process does not use harmful solvents such as DMF, thereby solving the environmental problems caused by traditional synthetic fabrics. The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer uses a dual-effect barrier waterproofing, which improves the rain and snow protection effect while having good breathability. The nylon fabric base layer and the loose soft structure layer are composited to improve the comfort and strength of the fabric, and reduce the impact on breathability. The overall fabric structure is reasonably designed, has multiple composite properties, and is biodegradable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of textile technology, and specifically relates to a bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of living standards and the enhancement of environmental awareness, consumers have an increasing demand for the functionality and environmental friendliness of clothing fabrics.

[0003] Traditional synthetic fabrics, such as polyester or nylon, are usually petroleum-based products. Their production process may involve a large amount of fossil fuel consumption, resulting in a large carbon footprint. They are also non-biodegradable and will cause pollution if they exist in the natural environment for a long time. At the same time, in order to improve the functionality of the fabrics, solvent-based coatings are often used to make the fabric surface waterproof and breathable. However, the use of coating technology will inevitably involve environmental issues such as solvent volatilization and waste gas emissions. In addition, a large amount of chemicals may be used in the production process, which will have an impact on the natural environment and human health.

[0004] Bio-based fabrics are fabrics made from renewable biological resources, and their production process is often more environmentally friendly than traditional petroleum-based fibers, including lower carbon footprints and fewer harmful chemical emissions. Therefore, bio-based fabrics have become an alternative to solve the environmental problems of traditional synthetic fabrics. For example, CN114987010A discloses a highly breathable bio-based nylon fabric and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fabric includes a bio-based nylon fabric layer, a PTFE electrospun nano-membrane layer and a nylon warp knitted base yarn arranged in sequence, and the waterproof and breathable function of the fabric is achieved through the PTFE electrospun nano-membrane layer.

[0005] As the requirements for the waterproof and breathable functions of fabrics become increasingly higher, balancing biodegradability, functionality and solvent-free production processes has become a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric and a preparation method and application thereof, using a biological substrate to solve the environmental protection problem of the composite fabric and improve the waterproof and breathable performance of the composite fabric.

[0007] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric, which includes a bio-based waterproof and breathable layer, a first loose soft structural layer, a bio-based fabric base layer, a second loose soft structural layer and a bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer arranged in sequence.

[0009] The composite fabric provided by the present invention adopts bio-based low-carbon degradable materials to solve the environmental problems caused by traditional synthetic fabrics. The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer is used for barrier waterproofing, which improves the rain and snow protection effect while having good moisture permeability. The nylon fabric base layer and the loose soft structural layer are composited to improve the comfort and strength of the fabric and reduce the impact on moisture permeability. The overall fabric structure is reasonably designed and has the advantages of multiple composite properties and biodegradability.

[0010] The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer comprises a bio-based bionic nylon layer, a degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane and a fluorine-free waterproof layer.

[0011] Preferably, the composition of the bio-based bionic nylon layer includes any one of PA510, PA11, PA56 or PLA, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0012] Preferably, the components of the degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane include any one of PA11, TPE or PU, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane is 0.010-0.025 mm, for example, 0.010 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.020 mm or 0.025 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0014] Preferably, the bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer is composited by degradable bio-based hydrophilic polyurethane and PLA plant-based polycaprolactam fiber.

[0015] Preferably, the bio-based fabric base layer is woven from bio-based nylon in a checkered weave with a size of 0.05-0.5 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the first loose soft structural layer and the second loose soft structural layer are respectively and independently loose hollow structures formed by warp knitting PLA plant-based fibers.

[0017] Preferably, the layers of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric are bonded and connected by moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, and the moisture-curing hot melt adhesive is distributed in a rhombus or dot shape.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to the first aspect, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0019] A bio-based waterproof and breathable layer, a first loose soft structural layer, a bio-based fabric base layer, a second loose soft structural layer and a bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer are prepared respectively, and then each fabric layer is sequentially bonded, rolled, compacted and cured by moisture-curing adhesive to obtain the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric.

[0020] Preferably, the glue dispensing amount for bonding is 6-20g / m 2 , for example, it can be 6g / m 2 , 8g / m 2 , 10g / m 2 , 12g / m 2 , 15g / m 2 , 18g / m 2 or 20g / m 2 , but not limited to the listed values, other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0021] Preferably, the adhesive coverage of the bonding is 35-60%, for example, it can be 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0022] Preferably, the lamination temperature is 80-115°C, for example, it can be 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 105°C, 110°C or 115°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0023] Preferably, the curing temperature is 38-60°C, for example, 38°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C or 60°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0024] Preferably, the humidity of the curing process is 60-90%, for example, it can be 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 90%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0025] Preferably, the curing time is 24-60h, for example, 24h, 30h, 36h, 42h, 48h, 54h or 60h, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0026] Preferably, the preparation process of the bio-based waterproof and breathable layer includes:

[0027] (1) preparing a bio-based bionic nylon layer: bio-based yarns are used for weaving in the warp and weft directions, and the weaving process includes a warping treatment for static elimination in the warp direction, wherein the warp density is 140-220 yarns / inch and the weft density is 90-180 yarns / inch, and the weaving method adopts a water jet shuttle weaving point check pattern or an up-and-down cross weaving, and then the woven blank is successively refined and degreased, alkali soaked, de-refined and boiled at 75-95°C, vacuum washed, and roller baked at 120-135°C;

[0028] (2) The bio-based bionic nylon layer is subjected to waterproof and antifouling finishing and shaping of the fabric surface using a fluorine-free waterproof material, wherein the components of the fluorine-free waterproof material include: NANOTEX water-based PU / PA series fluorine-free waterproof agent, with a concentration of 20-60 g / L, DAKIN non-yellowing bridging agent, with a concentration of 5-15 g / L, and penetrant IPA, with a concentration of 5-20 g / L. The finishing adopts a loose infiltration method, with a liquid carrying rate of 30-80%, and is baked at 150-190° C. for 2-4 minutes. The shaping is performed by using 2-5% overfeeding for width-retaining heat setting treatment;

[0029] (3) The degradable bio-based hydrophilic film is then adaptively composited with the treated bio-based bionic nylon layer through a tension-free diamond or dot-shaped engraved roller.

[0030] The temperature for smelting, boiling and washing is 75-95°C, for example, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C or 95°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0031] The temperature of roller baking is 120-135°C, for example, it can be 120°C, 122°C, 125°C, 128°C, 130°C, 132°C or 135°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0032] The concentration of the fluorine-free waterproofing agent is 20-60 g / L, for example, 20 g / L, 30 g / L, 40 g / L, 50 g / L or 60 g / L, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0033] The concentration of the non-yellowing bridging agent is 5-15 g / L, for example, 5 g / L, 8 g / L, 10 g / L, 12 g / L or 15 g / L, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0034] The concentration of the penetrant IPA is 5-20 g / L, for example, 5 g / L, 10 g / L, 15 g / L or 20 g / L, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0035] The liquid carrying rate is 30-80%, for example, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0036] The baking temperature is 150-190°C, for example, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C or 190°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0037] The baking time is 2-4 min, for example, 2 min, 2.5 min, 3 min, 3.5 min or 4 min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0038] The overfeeding amount is 2-5%, for example, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0039] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric described in the first aspect, wherein the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric is applied to down garment fabrics.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The composite fabric provided by the present invention adopts bio-based low-carbon degradable materials, and no harmful solvents such as DMF are used in the preparation process, which solves the environmental problems caused by traditional synthetic fabrics. The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer adopts a double-effect barrier waterproof, which improves the rain and snow protection effect while having good moisture permeability. The nylon fabric base layer and the loose soft structural layer are composited to improve the comfort and strength of the fabric and reduce the impact on moisture permeability. The overall fabric structure is reasonably designed and has the advantages of multiple composite properties and biodegradability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric provided in Example 1;

[0043] Among them, 1, bio-based fabric base layer; 2, first loose soft structure layer; 3, second loose soft structure layer; 4, bio-based waterproof and breathable layer; 5, bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bio-based waterproof and breathable layer provided in Example 1;

[0045] Among them, 41, bio-based bionic nylon layer; 42, fluorine-free waterproof layer; 43, degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a Figure 1 and Figure 2 The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric shown, the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric comprises a bio-based waterproof and breathable layer 4, a first loose soft structure layer 2, a bio-based fabric base layer 1, a second loose soft structure layer 3 and a bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer 5 arranged in sequence;

[0049] The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer 4 includes a bio-based bionic nylon layer 41, and a fluorine-free waterproof layer 42 and a degradable bio-based hydrophilic film 43 are sequentially arranged on both sides of the bio-based bionic nylon layer 41, and the thickness of the degradable bio-based hydrophilic film 42 is 0.012 mm;

[0050] The composition of the bio-based biomimetic nylon layer 41 includes PA11, and the composition of the degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane 43 includes PA11;

[0051] The bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer 5 is composited with biodegradable bio-based hydrophilic polyurethane and PLA plant-based polycaprolactam fiber;

[0052] The bio-based fabric base layer 1 is woven from bio-based nylon in a checkered pattern with a size of 0.2 cm;

[0053] The first loose soft structural layer 2 and the second loose soft structural layer 3 are respectively and independently loose hollow structures made of PLA plant-based fibers warp-knitted, and hot-melt polyurethane bonding points are distributed in the loose soft structural layers. There are 3,600 hot-melt polyurethane bonding points per 1 square meter, and the area without bonding points is a loose hollow area.

[0054] The preparation method of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric is as follows:

[0055] (1) Bio-based bionic nylon layers are woven with PA11 bio-based yarns in the warp and weft directions. The weaving process includes high-speed warping treatment for static elimination in the warp direction. The warp density is 180 yarns / inch and the weft density is 150 yarns / inch. The weaving process is carried out by a water shuttle weaving method that is not easy to hairiness. The woven blank is successively refined and degreased, alkali-soaked, boiled at 85°C, vacuum-washed with clean water, and roller-baked at 130°C.

[0056] (2) The bio-based bionic nylon layer is subjected to a polyurethane polymer water-based fluorine-free hybrid material for waterproof and antifouling finishing of the fabric surface. The fluorine-free hybrid material includes: NANOTEX water-based PU / PA series fluorine-free waterproofing agent 40g / L, DAKIN non-yellowing bridging agent 10g / L, and strong penetrant IPA 10g / L. The loose infiltration method is adopted, the liquid carrying rate is 50%, and the fabric is baked at 160°C for 3min, and 3% overfeed is used for width-retaining heat setting treatment;

[0057] (3) passing the degradable bio-based hydrophilic film through a tension-free diamond-shaped engraved roller for adaptive lamination;

[0058] (4) After the moisture-curable adhesive is heated to 100° C. to become a slurry, it is evenly distributed on the first loose soft structural layer, rolled and compacted to improve the interlayer peeling strength, and then subjected to moisture-curing self-crosslinking re-curing for 40 hours in a windless aging closed room at a temperature of 50° C. and a humidity of 80%;

[0059] (5) After the waterproof and breathable layer and the first loose structure layer are completely cured, the offset cross-point adhesive layer is bonded again on the laminating machine for curing again, so that the remaining fabric layers are compounded in sequence.

[0060] The base fabric of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric provided in this embodiment is woven with bio-based nylon filaments, and has the excellent characteristics of bio-based sustainability, softness, four-way stretchability and non-tightness; the hot-melt polyurethane bonding points distributed in the loose soft structural layer have the advantages of increasing the washability of the fabric and not easy to delaminate, and strengthening the peeling fastness; the non-adhesive area ensures the loose soft structure of the loose soft structural layer, reduces the impact on moisture permeability, and no solvent glue is used in this process, avoiding the generation of harmful odors in the production process; the moisture-automatic curing hot-melt glue points arranged in a diamond or dot array in the adhesive layer can reduce the use of raw materials and minimize the processing cost; the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric provided in this embodiment is woven with bio-based nylon filaments, and has the excellent characteristics of bio-based sustainability, softness, four-way stretchability and non-tightness; the hot-melt polyurethane bonding points distributed in the loose soft structural layer have the advantages of increasing the washability of the fabric and not easy to delaminate, and strengthening the peeling fastness; the non-adhesive area ensures the loose soft structure of the loose soft structural layer, reduces the impact on moisture permeability, and avoids the generation of harmful odors in the production process; the moisture-automatic curing hot-melt glue points arranged in a diamond or dot array in the adhesive layer can reduce the use of raw materials and minimize the processing cost; The water-permeable layer meets the user's requirements for bio-based sustainability, protection against heavy rain and snow, high-efficiency breathable air, skin-friendly, and elastic performance, and also greatly improves tear strength performance; the composite structure of the bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer not only has the characteristics of nylon and spandex, but also improves the strength of the fabric. It has elasticity and high strength effects in four directions of warp and weft, and as a force-bearing surface, the strength and skin-friendliness of the entire fabric are greatly improved, and the plain weave design improves the wear resistance; the entire composite fabric forms a multi-effect structural layer for the microclimate regulation of the U-shaped skylight. In addition to its soft, compressible and lightweight properties, it is also durable and waterproof, heat-storing, windproof, cold-resistant, breathable, and can resist heavy rain from wetting the human body.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] This embodiment provides a bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric. Compared with Embodiment 1, the bio-based bionic fabric layer 5 is a bio-based nylon fabric, and the rest is the same as Embodiment 1.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This embodiment provides a bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric. Compared with Embodiment 1, the degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane 42 is replaced by a single-component polytetrafluoroethylene microporous hydrophobic membrane, and the rest is the same as Embodiment 1.

[0065] Table 1

[0066]

[0067] In summary, the composite fabric provided by the present invention adopts bio-based low-carbon degradable materials, and no harmful solvents such as DMF are used in the preparation process, which solves the environmental problems caused by traditional synthetic fabrics. The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer adopts a double-effect barrier waterproof, which improves the rain and snow protection effect while having good moisture permeability. The nylon fabric base layer and the loose soft structural layer are composited to improve the comfort and strength of the fabric and reduce the impact on moisture permeability. The overall fabric structure is reasonably designed, has multiple composite properties, and is biodegradable.

[0068] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric, characterized in that: The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric comprises a bio-based waterproof and breathable layer, a first loose soft structure layer, a bio-based fabric base layer, a second loose soft structure layer and a bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer which are arranged in sequence; The bio-based waterproof and breathable layer includes a bio-based bionic nylon layer, a degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane and a fluorine-free waterproof layer; The bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer is composited by degradable bio-based hydrophilic polyurethane and PLA plant-based polycaprolactam fiber; The first loose soft structural layer and the second loose soft structural layer are respectively and independently a loose hollow structure formed by warp knitting PLA plant-based fibers; The layers of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric are bonded and connected by moisture-curing hot melt adhesive, and the moisture-curing hot melt adhesive is distributed in a rhombus or dot shape.

2. The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition of the bio-based bionic nylon layer includes any one of PA510, PA11 or PA56, or a combination of at least two of them.

3. The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of the degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane include any one of PA11, TPE or PU or a combination of at least two of them.

4. The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the degradable bio-based hydrophilic membrane is 0.010-0.025 mm.

5. The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-based fabric base layer is woven from bio-based nylon in a checkered pattern with a size of 0.05-0.5 cm.

6. A method for preparing the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: A bio-based waterproof and breathable layer, a first loose soft structural layer, a bio-based fabric base layer, a second loose soft structural layer and a bio-based bionic nylon fabric layer are prepared respectively, and then the fabric layers are sequentially bonded, rolled, compacted and cured by moisture-curing adhesive to obtain the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The glue dispensing amount of the bonding is 6-20g / m 2 , the glue coverage is 35-60%, and the temperature is 80-115℃.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The curing temperature is 38-60° C., the humidity is 60-90%, and the time is 24-60 hours.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation process of the bio-based waterproof and breathable layer comprises: (1) Preparation of bio-based bionic nylon layer: bio-based yarns are used for weaving in the warp and weft directions, and the weaving process includes a warping treatment for static elimination in the warp direction, wherein the warp density is 140-220 yarns / inch and the weft density is 90-180 yarns / inch, and the weaving method adopts water jet weaving with a checkered pattern or an up-and-down cross weaving, and then the woven blank is successively refined and degreased, alkali soaked, de-refined and boiled at 75-95°C, vacuum washed, and roller baked at 120-135°C; (2) The bio-based bionic nylon layer is subjected to waterproof and antifouling finishing and shaping of the fabric surface using a fluorine-free waterproof material, wherein the components of the fluorine-free waterproof material include: NANOTEX water-based PU / PA series fluorine-free waterproof agent, with a concentration of 20-60 g / L, a non-yellowing bridging agent, with a concentration of 5-15 g / L, and a penetrant IPA, with a concentration of 5-20 g / L. The finishing adopts a loose infiltration method, with a liquid carrying rate of 30-80%, and is baked at 150-190° C. for 2-4 minutes. The shaping is performed by using 2-5% overfeeding for width-retaining heat shaping treatment; (3) The degradable bio-based hydrophilic film is then passed through a tension-free diamond or dot-shaped engraved roller and adaptively composited with the treated bio-based biomimetic nylon layer.

10. An application of the bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The bio-based waterproof and breathable composite fabric is used for down clothing fabrics.

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