A cultivation method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of figs

Abstract

The application discloses a cultivation method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of figs, and belongs to the technical field of disease and pest prevention of figs, and comprises steps of cutting seedling, soil selection and treatment, seedling transplanting and later maintenance and the like. The cultivation process of the figs is strictly controlled, a regulator is prepared, and the figs are sprayed with the regulator to efficiently kill pathogenic bacteria, so that the normal physiological state of the plants is maintained, the application amount of chemical pesticides is reduced, and the environment is more friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fig pest and disease control technology, and in particular to a cultivation method for controlling fig pests and diseases. Background Technology

[0002] Figs belong to the genus *Ficus* in the family Moraceae and are one of the oldest cultivated fruit tree species in the world, with a long history of cultivation. Figs are brightly colored, delicious, and nutritious, rich in various nutrients and minerals, possessing extremely high nutritional and medicinal value. The fig harvesting season is long, with fresh fruit available from early summer to late autumn. In recent years, the fig market has experienced supply shortages, resulting in persistently high prices and promising development prospects.

[0003] With the continuous expansion of fig cultivation in my country, diseases such as anthracnose, Phytophthora fruit rot, and branch blight, as well as pests such as mulberry longhorn beetles, star longhorn beetles, two-spotted spider mites, fig nematodes, and fruit flies, have become increasingly prominent in production practices. These pests affect plant growth and development, leading to a sharp decline in fruit yield and quality, and their impact on production is increasing year by year. Currently, chemical pesticides are commonly used for control, but the large-scale application of chemical pesticides not only causes environmental pollution and increases the resistance of pests and diseases, but also greatly affects the quality of figs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a green cultivation method for preventing and controlling fig diseases and pests, so as to effectively control fig diseases and pests while reducing environmental pollution, improving fruit quality, and promoting increased production and income. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases in fig trees. This method involves preparing a regulator for spraying and strictly controlling the cultivation process to ensure effective pest and disease control while reducing the amount of chemical pesticides used and minimizing environmental pollution.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] A cultivation method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests in fig trees, the method is as follows:

[0008] (1) Cutting propagation: In early March, collect healthy fig branches with a diameter of 1-2 cm that are free from pests and diseases. Cut them to a length of 15-20 cm, with a flat cut at the top and a 45° angled cut at the bottom. Disinfect them by soaking them in a 400-fold dilution of 25% wettable carbendazim powder for 5 minutes. Then soak them in a 300-fold dilution of rooting powder for 10-30 minutes. After drying them in the shade, insert them into a seedling tray filled with substrate at a depth of 2 / 3 of the branch length. Water them thoroughly and cultivate them in an alternating light and dark environment. Manage them according to conventional methods to obtain cuttings.

[0009] (2) Soil selection and treatment: Select sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil texture, good drainage, rich organic matter content and pH value of 6-7 as the cultivation site; carry out the first plowing of the cultivation site at a depth of 35-40cm, then apply wood ash at a rate of 60-100kg / mu and carry out the second plowing at a depth of 20-30cm. After the second plowing, spray 0.1wt% potassium permanganate solution at a rate of 10kg / mu for disinfection to obtain the pretreated soil;

[0010] (3) Transplanting of seedlings: Transplant the cuttings into the pretreated soil in late February of the second year after cutting;

[0011] (4) Post-planting care: After the cuttings are planted, spray growth regulators regularly, and from mid-April to late November, spray every 13-15m. 2 Hang one yellow sticky insect trap within the area to attract and kill pests, and then water, fertilize, weed, and prune regularly according to conventional management methods.

[0012] This invention involves disinfecting and rooting healthy fig branches free from pests and diseases, then propagating them through cuttings to obtain robust seedlings. These seedlings are then transplanted into disinfected, fertile soil. A growth regulator is sprayed at a specific frequency, and regular watering, fertilization, weeding, and pruning are performed. This strict control over the entire fig cultivation process promotes robust plant growth, inhibits disease occurrence, and increases yield.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the matrix is ​​obtained by mixing peat soil and river sand in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the pH value of the matrix is ​​6.5 to 7.5.

[0014] Furthermore, the light-dark alternating culture conditions in step (1) are: 10h light / 14h dark, light intensity of 2500-3500 lx, light culture temperature of 25℃, and dark culture temperature of 18-20℃.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (3), the transplanting spacing is 2m and the row spacing is 3m.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps for spraying the regulator in step (4) are as follows:

[0017] From mid-April to mid-September, spray the regulator evenly on the plant surface at a rate of 100-150g / plant. Spray once every 15 days from mid-June to mid-July, and once every 30 days for the remaining period.

[0018] Furthermore, the regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0019] 0.3–1 part chitosan, 1.5–3 parts 2wt% acetic acid solution, 0.002–0.003 parts carbendazim, 0.2–0.4 parts glycerin, 4–7 parts 1wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, 0.5–0.7 parts peppermint oil, 0.3–0.7 parts magnesium stearate, 0.05–0.1 parts m-aminoacetanilide, 0.02–0.04 parts methyl acetate, 0.05–0.1 parts diisooctyl sebacate, 0.02–0.05 parts o-toluenesulfonamide, 0.05–0.1 parts ethyl tervastatin.

[0020] Furthermore, the preparation method of the regulator is as follows:

[0021] A: Add chitosan to a 2wt% acetic acid solution and stir to dissolve. Then add carbendazim and glycerin and stir at 1000-1300 r / min for 20-30 min. Then place it in an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a chitosan mixture. Spray dry the chitosan mixture to obtain chitosan microcapsules.

[0022] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 500-700 r / min for 20-30 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 20-30 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5-6.

[0023] C: Add o-toluenesulfonamide to a 60wt% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add the mixture, chitosan microcapsules and ethyl tervastatin, stir well and homogenize to obtain the regulator.

[0024] When pathogens infect fig plants, they cause changes in plant cell membrane permeability and electrolyte leakage, which in turn affects the plant's normal physiological activities such as respiration and photosynthesis, inhibiting normal plant growth and reducing its resistance to pathogens. Adding m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate, and diisooctyl sebacate to the regulator helps to address this. After entering the plant, m-aminoacetanilide increases the activity of cell membrane proteins. Furthermore, methyl acetate binds to the cell membrane, enhancing the hydrophobic interaction between membrane proteins and phospholipid molecules, thereby increasing the tightness between them and maintaining the stability of the cell membrane skeletal structure. This inhibits cell membrane permeability and electrolyte leakage caused by pathogen invasion, maintaining normal plant physiological activities and suppressing further pathogen invasion. Simultaneously, diisooctyl sebacate enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes within the plant, increasing its disease resistance and promoting healthy growth while improving its own disease resistance and reducing the incidence of disease.

[0025] The addition of carbendazim, a broad-spectrum fungicide, to the plant growth regulator effectively kills invading pathogens, preventing them from further damaging the plant. Chitosan is used to encapsulate carbendazim into microcapsules, improving its stability and achieving a slow-release effect. This allows for better control of fig diseases while effectively reducing the amount of chemical pesticides used and minimizing environmental pollution. The components of the growth regulator work together to regulate the plant's physiological state, reducing the incidence of disease and effectively decreasing the amount of chemical agents used. This promotes a more scientific and environmentally friendly approach to disease control in fig cultivation.

[0026] Because chitosan microcapsules have strong intermolecular interactions, they are prone to aggregation, leading to uneven dispersion and affecting the uniform distribution of carbendazim after spraying, thus reducing efficacy. Therefore, o-toluenesulfonamide was added to the regulator to weaken the intermolecular interactions of chitosan, thereby improving the uniformity of regulator distribution. Furthermore, polyvinyl alcohol was added to the regulator to increase its viscosity, allowing it to better adhere to the surface of the fig plant, inhibiting regulator loss, improving regulator efficiency, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental pollution.

[0027] Most fig pathogens thrive in humid environments and multiply rapidly. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol enhances the water absorption of the growth regulator, making it prone to absorbing water from the environment after spraying, which in turn leads to rapid pathogen proliferation. Therefore, ethyl tertivalate was added to the growth regulator to reduce its water absorption. This ensures better adhesion of the growth regulator to the plant surface while inhibiting water absorption by the growth regulator, thereby controlling pathogen reproduction, improving disease control efficiency, ensuring healthy fig plant growth, and ultimately increasing yield.

[0028] Furthermore, in step A, the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 25–40 kHz, the ultrasonic temperature is 45–55 °C, and the ultrasonic time is 1–3 h.

[0029] Furthermore, in step A, the inlet air temperature during spray drying is 165–180°C, the outlet air temperature is 80–90°C, and the feed rate is 10–15 mL / min.

[0030] Furthermore, in step C, the homogenization pressure is 20–40 MPa, and the homogenization time is 10–20 min.

[0031] Beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. This invention reduces the contact rate of pathogens by strictly controlling the entire cultivation process of figs, and prepares a regulator to control pests and diseases during the fig growth process. Chitosan is used to encapsulate the fungicide carbendazim in the regulator, which improves the stability of the drug and achieves a slow-release effect. This reduces the number of times the agent is sprayed while effectively killing bacteria. Combined with sticky insect traps, it provides physical control of pests, including mulberry longhorn beetles, reducing the amount of pesticides used and reducing environmental pollution.

[0033] 2. The present invention also adds m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate to the regulator to improve the tightness of plant cell membranes and maintain the stability of their skeletal structure, thereby inhibiting cell membrane permeability and electrolyte leakage caused by pathogen invasion, so as to maintain the normal physiological activities of plants, and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants, so as to make plants grow vigorously and reduce the incidence of plant diseases.

[0034] 3. This invention uses ethyl tervaline to treat the plant growth regulator, thereby reducing the water absorption of polyvinyl alcohol in the regulator. This ensures the adhesion of the regulator to the plant surface while reducing the water absorption of polyvinyl alcohol to a certain extent, thus inhibiting the reproduction rate of pathogens. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 : This is a picture showing the growth status of a fig plant in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 : This is a picture of the growth status of fig fruits in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0038] Example 1: Preparation of regulator

[0039] Weigh out 0.6 kg chitosan, 1.8 kg 2 wt% acetic acid solution, 0.0025 kg carbendazim, 0.3 kg glycerin, 5 kg 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, 0.6 kg peppermint oil, 0.5 kg magnesium stearate, 0.07 kg m-aminoacetanilide, 0.03 kg methyl acetate, 0.07 kg diisooctyl sebacate, 0.03 kg o-toluenesulfonamide, and 0.06 kg ethyl tert-pentanoate.

[0040] Preparation method:

[0041] A: Chitosan was added to a 2wt% acetic acid solution and stirred to dissolve. Then, carbendazim and glycerin were added and stirred at 1200 r / min for 25 min. Then, the mixture was placed in an ultrasonic oscillator and ultrasonically treated at a frequency of 35 kHz and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 2 h to obtain a chitosan mixture. The chitosan mixture was spray-dried to obtain chitosan microcapsules. The spray drying inlet air temperature was 175 ℃, the outlet air temperature was 85 ℃, and the feed rate was 12 mL / min.

[0042] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 600 r / min for 25 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5.

[0043] C: Add o-toluenesulfonamide to 0.3 kg of 60 wt% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add the mixture, chitosan microcapsules and ethyl tervastatin, stir well and place in a homogenizer. Homogenize at 25 MPa pressure for 15 min to obtain the regulator.

[0044] Example 2: Preparation of the regulator

[0045] Weigh out 0.3 kg chitosan, 1.5 kg 2 wt% acetic acid solution, 0.002 kg carbendazim, 0.2 kg glycerin, 4 kg 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, 0.5 kg peppermint oil, 0.3 kg magnesium stearate, 0.05 kg m-aminoacetanilide, 0.02 kg methyl acetate, 0.05 kg diisooctyl sebacate, 0.02 kg o-toluenesulfonamide, and 0.05 kg ethyl tertivalate.

[0046] Preparation method:

[0047] A: Chitosan was added to a 2wt% acetic acid solution and stirred until dissolved. Then, carbendazim and glycerin were added and stirred at 1000 r / min for 20 min. Then, the mixture was placed in an ultrasonic oscillator and ultrasonically treated at a frequency of 25 kHz and a temperature of 45 ℃ for 3 h to obtain a chitosan mixture. The chitosan mixture was then spray-dried to obtain chitosan microcapsules. The spray drying inlet temperature was 165 ℃, the outlet temperature was 80 ℃, and the feed rate was 10 mL / min.

[0048] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 500 r / min for 30 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 30 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.

[0049] C: Add o-toluenesulfonamide to 0.2 kg of 60 wt% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add the mixture, chitosan microcapsules and ethyl tervastatin, stir well and place in a homogenizer. Homogenize at 20 MPa pressure for 10 min to obtain the regulator.

[0050] Example 3: Preparation of Regulator

[0051] Weigh out 1 kg chitosan, 3 kg 2 wt% acetic acid solution, 0.003 kg carbendazim, 0.4 kg glycerin, 7 kg 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, 0.7 kg peppermint oil, 0.7 kg magnesium stearate, 0.1 kg m-aminoacetanilide, 0.04 kg methyl acetate, 0.1 kg diisooctyl sebacate, 0.05 kg o-toluenesulfonamide, and 0.1 kg ethyl tert-pentanoate.

[0052] Preparation method:

[0053] A: Chitosan was added to a 2wt% acetic acid solution and stirred until dissolved. Then, carbendazim and glycerin were added and stirred at 1300 r / min for 30 min. The mixture was then placed in an ultrasonic oscillator and ultrasonically treated at a frequency of 40 kHz and a temperature of 55 ℃ for 1.5 h to obtain a chitosan mixture. The chitosan mixture was then spray-dried to obtain chitosan microcapsules. The spray drying inlet air temperature was 180 ℃, the outlet air temperature was 90 ℃, and the feed rate was 15 mL / min.

[0054] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 700 r / min for 30 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 30 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 6.

[0055] C: Add o-toluenesulfonamide to 0.5 kg of 60 wt% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add the mixture, chitosan microcapsules and ethyl tervastatin, stir well and place in a homogenizer. Homogenize at 40 MPa pressure for 20 min to obtain the regulator.

[0056] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of Regulator

[0057] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that m-aminoacetanilide was not added in step B during the preparation of the regulator in Comparative Example 1.

[0058] A: Same as Example 1;

[0059] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 600 r / min for 25 min. Then add methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5.

[0060] C: Same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of Regulator

[0062] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that methyl acetate was not added in step B during the preparation of the regulator in Comparative Example 2.

[0063] A: Same as Example 1;

[0064] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 600 r / min for 25 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5.

[0065] C: Same as in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of Regulator

[0067] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that diisooctyl sebacate was not added in step B during the preparation of the regulator in Comparative Example 3.

[0068] A: Same as Example 1;

[0069] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 600 r / min for 25 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide and methyl acetate and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5.

[0070] C: Same as in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of Regulator

[0072] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that o-toluenesulfonamide was not added in step C during the preparation of the regulator in Comparative Example 4.

[0073] A-B: Same as in Example 1;

[0074] C: After mixing the mixture with chitosan microcapsules and ethyl tervaline, place it in a homogenizer and homogenize at 25 MPa for 15 min to obtain the regulator.

[0075] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of Regulator

[0076] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that ethyl tervastatin was not added in step C during the preparation of the regulator in Comparative Example 5.

[0077] A-B: Same as in Example 1;

[0078] C: Add o-toluenesulfonamide to 0.3 kg of 60 wt% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add the mixture and chitosan microcapsules, stir well, and place in a homogenizer. Homogenize at 25 MPa pressure for 15 min to obtain the regulator.

[0079] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of Regulator

[0080] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 6, 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution was not added in step B during the preparation of the regulator; instead, an equal amount of water was added directly.

[0081] A: Same as Example 1;

[0082] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to 5 kg of water and stir at 600 r / min for 25 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.5.

[0083] C: Same as in Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 7: Preparation of Regulator

[0085] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 7, chitosan was not used for encapsulation to prepare chitosan microcapsules during the preparation of the regulator, as detailed below:

[0086] Weigh out 0.0025 kg of carbendazim, 0.3 kg of glycerin, 5 kg of 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, 0.6 kg of peppermint oil, 0.5 kg of magnesium stearate, 0.07 kg of m-aminoacetanilide, 0.03 kg of methyl acetate, 0.07 kg of diisooctyl sebacate, 0.03 kg of o-toluenesulfonamide, and 0.06 kg of ethyl tert-pentanoate.

[0087] Preparation method:

[0088] A: Mix carbendazim and glycerin and stir at 1200 r / min for 25 min. Then place the mixture in an ultrasonic oscillator and sonicate at 35 kHz and 50 ℃ for 2 h to obtain a carbendazim-glycerin mixture.

[0089] B: Same as Example 1;

[0090] C: Add o-toluenesulfonamide to 0.3 kg of 60% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add the mixture, carbendazim-glycerol mixture and ethyl terbufosate. After stirring, place the mixture in a homogenizer and homogenize at 25 MPa pressure for 15 min to obtain the regulator.

[0091] Comparative Example 8: Preparation of Regulator

[0092] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 8, the pH value was adjusted to 7 in step B during the preparation of the regulator.

[0093] A: Same as Example 1;

[0094] B: Add peppermint oil and magnesium stearate to a 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution and stir at 600 r / min for 25 min. Then add m-aminoacetanilide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a mixture. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 7.

[0095] C: Same as in Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 9: Preparation of Regulator

[0097] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that carbendazim was not added during the preparation of the regulator in Example 9.

[0098] A: Chitosan was added to a 2wt% acetic acid solution and stirred until dissolved. Then glycerol was added and stirred at 1200 r / min for 25 min. Then the mixture was placed in an ultrasonic oscillator and ultrasonically treated at a frequency of 35 kHz and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 2 h to obtain a chitosan mixture. The chitosan mixture was spray-dried to obtain chitosan microcapsules. The inlet air temperature of the spray dryer was 175 ℃, the outlet air temperature was 85 ℃, and the feed rate was 12 mL / min.

[0099] B~C: Same as in Example 1.

[0100] Example 4: Cultivation methods for preventing and controlling diseases and pests in fig trees

[0101] (1) Propagation by cuttings: In early March, collect healthy, disease-free fig branches with a diameter of about 1.5cm, cut them to a length of 15cm, make a flat cut at the top and a 45° angled cut at the bottom, disinfect them by soaking them in a 400-fold dilution of 25% wettable carbendazim powder for 5 minutes, then soak them in a 300-fold dilution of rooting powder for 20 minutes, and then remove and air dry; mix peat moss and river sand in a 1:1 mass ratio and adjust the pH to 6.5, then... Then, place the substrate in an autoclave and sterilize it at 121℃ for 25 minutes to obtain the sterilized substrate. After cooling, fill the substrate into seedling trays, and then insert the shade-dried branches into the seedling trays containing the substrate to a depth of 2 / 3 of the branch length. Water thoroughly and carry out light and dark alternation culture under 10h light / 14h darkness. The light intensity is 3000lx, the light culture temperature is 25℃, and the dark culture temperature is 20℃. Then, manage the cuttings according to the conventional method.

[0102] (2) Soil selection and treatment: Select sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil texture, good drainage, rich organic matter content and pH value of about 6.5 as the cultivation site; the cultivation site is first tilled to a depth of about 35cm, and wood ash is applied at a rate of 70kg / mu and then tilled to a depth of about 25cm. After the second tilling, 0.1wt% potassium permanganate solution is sprayed at a rate of 10kg / mu for disinfection to obtain the pretreated soil.

[0103] (3) Transplanting of seedlings: In late February of the second year after cutting, transplant the cuttings into the pretreated soil at a planting density of about 2m between plants and about 3m between rows;

[0104] (4) Post-planting care: After transplanting the cuttings, spray the regulator prepared in Example 1 regularly. Specifically, from mid-April to mid-September, spray the regulator evenly on the plant surface at a rate of 120g / plant. From mid-June to mid-July, spray once every 15 days, and for the remaining time, spray once every 30 days. Then, from mid-April to late November, spray every 15m... 2 Hang one yellow sticky insect trap within the area to attract and kill pests, and regularly water, fertilize, weed, and prune according to standard maintenance methods.

[0105] Experiment: Detection Experiment of the Effect of Regulation Agent

[0106] 1. Experimental Methods: One-year-old fig cuttings with uniform growth and free from pests and diseases were transplanted into pots containing a substrate (a mixture of vermiculite and peat moss in a 2:1 mass ratio), one cutting per pot. The plants were cultivated indoors at a temperature of 24℃, relative humidity of 65%, a light duration of 7 hours / day, and a light intensity of 2500 lx. A growth regulator was sprayed starting on the first day of indoor cultivation, and thereafter every 20 days (i.e., spraying on days 1, 21, 41, 61, 81, 101, 121, 141, 161, and 181), with a spraying amount of 120 g per plant each time. After 170 days of indoor cultivation, a concentration of 3×10⁻⁶ was prepared. 8 Anthracnose bacterial solution of CFU / mL was poured into a spray bottle and sprayed onto fig leaves. The plants were then cultured indoors for another 20 days (a total of 190 days) before the disease status was observed.

[0107] 2. The growth regulators prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-9 were used to treat fig cuttings according to the above method. The experiment was divided into 11 groups: Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-9, and a blank control group. The blank control group was sprayed with an equal amount of water instead of the growth regulator. Each group had 8 plants. The incidence rate in each group was recorded. The experiment was repeated three times, and the data are shown in Table 1.

[0108] Table 1

[0109]

[0110] Based on the data analysis in Table 1, we can conclude that:

[0111] (1) The incidence of disease in figs in Example 1 was low. Compared with Example 1, the incidence of disease in Comparative Examples 1-9 and the blank control was increased to varying degrees. Among them, the regulators in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not contain m-aminoacetanilide and methyl acetate, respectively. The tightness of the cell membrane was not increased, and pathogens could easily infect fig plants, leading to an increase in the incidence of disease.

[0112] (2) In Comparative Example 3, the regulator did not contain diisooctyl sebacate, which failed to regulate and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the plants, resulting in lower resistance to pathogens and increased disease incidence.

[0113] (3) In Comparative Example 4, no o-toluenesulfonamide was added to the regulator. After the regulator was sprayed, the drug distribution was uneven. Some pathogens did not come into contact with the bactericidal component and thus survived, leading to an increase in the incidence of disease. In Comparative Example 5, no ethyl pentovalerate was added to the regulator. The regulator had strong water absorption, which provided a high-humidity environment suitable for the growth and reproduction of pathogens on the plant, leading to an increase in the incidence of disease. In contrast, in Example 1, ethyl pentovalerate was added to the regulator. The macromolecular groups in ethyl pentovalerate shielded the polar groups in polyvinyl alcohol, hindering the hydrogen bonding between the polar groups in polyvinyl alcohol and water molecules, thereby reducing the water absorption of the regulator, resulting in a relative decrease in the humidity of the plant surface and a reduction in the incidence of disease.

[0114] (4) In Comparative Example 6, no polyvinyl alcohol was added, resulting in poor viscosity of the regulator and poor adhesion to the plant surface, leading to loss and reduced regulator efficacy, and increased disease incidence. In Comparative Example 7, chitosan was not used to encapsulate the drug, resulting in poor drug stability and shortened action time, leading to a significant increase in disease incidence and a marked decrease in yield. In Comparative Example 8, the pH value was adjusted to 7, which affected the stability of the raw materials, including chitosan, in the regulator, resulting in a certain degree of decrease in the regulator efficacy.

[0115] (5) In Comparative Example 9, the regulator did not contain carbendazim. Although the incidence rate was relatively obvious, it was much lower than that of the blank control group. This indicates that the components of the regulator can work together to improve the stability of the cell membrane structure of fig plants and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes to increase resistance, thereby increasing their own disease resistance. When combined with the small amount of carbendazim added, it can effectively reduce the incidence rate of figs. Combined with the method of strictly controlling the cultivation process, it can effectively reduce the incidence rate of figs. Furthermore, the conditioner prepared by this invention can reduce the amount of pesticides used while ensuring the control effect, making it more environmentally friendly.

[0116] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs, characterized by, The method is as follows: (1) cutting seedling: cut fig branches into substrates, and culture the cutting seedlings under light and dark alternation; (2) soil selection and treatment: plough and disinfect the soil to obtain pretreated soil; (3) seedling transplanting: transplant the cutting seedlings into the pretreated soil; (4) later maintenance: regularly spray the regulator on the plant surface after the cutting seedlings are transplanted, and carry out the maintenance according to the conventional method; The regulator comprises the following raw materials by mass: 0.3-1 parts of chitosan, 1.5-3 parts of 2wt% acetic acid solution, 0.002-0.003 parts of carbendazim, 0.2-0.4 parts of glycerol, 4-7 parts of 1wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, 0.5-0.7 parts of peppermint oil, 0.3-0.7 parts of magnesium stearate, 0.05-0.1 parts of m-aminophenylacetamide, 0.02-0.04 parts of methyl acetate, 0.05-0.1 parts of diisooctyl sebacate, 0.02-0.05 parts of o-toluenesulfonamide, and 0.05-0.1 parts of ethyl trimethylacetate; The preparation method of the regulator is as follows: A: chitosan is put into 2wt% acetic acid solution and stirred to dissolve, mixed with carbendazim and glycerol, and then ultrasonic treatment is carried out, followed by spray drying to obtain chitosan microcapsules; B: 1wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution is stirred with peppermint oil, magnesium stearate, m-aminophenylacetamide, methyl acetate and diisooctyl sebacate to obtain a mixed solution, and the pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5-6; C: o-toluenesulfonamide is dissolved and homogenized with the mixed solution, chitosan microcapsules and ethyl trimethylacetate to obtain the regulator.

2. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate in step (1) is obtained by mixing peat soil and river sand at a mass ratio of 1:1, and the pH value of the substrate is 6.5-7.

5.

3. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light and dark alternation culture conditions in step (1) are as follows: 10h light / 14h darkness, light intensity is 2500-3500lx, light culture temperature is 25℃, and dark culture temperature is 18-20℃.

4. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the transplanted seedlings in step (3) is 2m, and the row spacing is 3m.

5. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 4, characterized in that, The regulator spraying operation in step (4) is as follows: From the middle of April to the middle of September, the regulator is uniformly sprayed on the plant surface at an amount of 100-150g / plant, sprayed once every 15 days from the middle of June to the middle of July, and sprayed once every 30 days during the remaining time.

6. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrasonic treatment frequency in step A is 25-40KHz, the ultrasonic temperature is 45-55℃, and the ultrasonic time is 1-3h.

7. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The spray drying inlet temperature in step A is 165-180℃, the outlet temperature is 80-90℃, and the feeding speed is 10-15mL / min.

8. A cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of figs according to claim 7, characterized in that, The homogenization pressure in step C is 20-40MPa, and the homogenization time is 10-20min.

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