Low-feed coefficient grass carp biological feed and application thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of breeding feed, and specifically provides a low-feed-coefficient biological feed for grass carp, which comprises, in terms of weight fraction, 100-200 parts of pork peptides, 510-1750 parts of plant raw materials, 10-30 parts of aquatic premix, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of choline chloride. The biological feed with low feed coefficient provided by the application uses pork peptides as animal protein raw materials, which are used in combination with plant raw materials, so as to not only ensure reasonable collocation of animal and plant protein sources to balance various amino acids in the feed, but also effectively improve the digestibility of protein, thereby ensuring that the protein digestion and absorption rate is greatly improved on the premise that the formula cost does not increase greatly. The biological feed can also promote the proliferation of Cetobacterium in the intestinal tract of grass carp, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the feed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of breeding feed, and particularly relates to a low-feed-coefficient biological feed for grass carp and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Grass carp is the largest economic fish in the breeding quantity in China. However, with the continuous increase of the breeding quantity and the transformation of consumption, since the second half of 2018, the price of small-specification grass carp (less than 7 Jin) has been continuously low, and the breeders struggle on the edge of making a profit or incurring a loss, and the breeding benefit decreases sharply. The consumption mode of large-specification grass carp (8-10 Jin) is different from that of small-specification grass carp, which can be directly consumed and can also be used for deep processing and development, and the price is always stable at a high level. Therefore, the large-specification grass carp breeding which is beneficial to invest attracts more and more breeders to carry out transformation breeding. However, unlike small-specification grass carp, the research on the nutritional requirements of large-specification grass carp is not deep enough, and the feed development is not mature enough, which leads to slow growth of large-specification grass carp, high feed coefficient and high incidence in the breeding process, thereby limiting the rapid development of large-specification grass carp breeding to some extent. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the problems of slow growth, high feed coefficient and high incidence of large-specification grass carp in the prior art.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a low-feed-coefficient biological feed for large grass carp, which comprises, in terms of weight fraction, 100-200 parts of pork peptide, 510-1750 parts of plant raw material, 10-30 parts of aquatic premix, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of choline chloride.

[0005] Specifically, the pork peptide is pork powder enzyme product, and the mass ratio of components with a molecular weight of 500-5000 Da in the product is more than 70%.

[0006] Specifically, the plant raw material comprises 10-50 parts of fermented soybean meal, 100-300 parts of soybean meal, 200-500 parts of rapeseed meal, 100-300 parts of cottonseed meal, 50-300 parts of puffed wheat flour and 50-300 parts of puffed rice bran meal.

[0007] Specifically, the acid-soluble protein content in the fermented soybean meal is not less than 20%.

[0008] Specifically, the low-feed-coefficient biological feed for large grass carp further comprises 0.1-0.6 parts of organic chromium.

[0009] Specifically, the low-feed-coefficient biological feed for large grass carp further comprises 1-3 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 0.5-2 parts of bacillus.

[0010] Specifically, the complex enzyme preparation includes Hupro protease, alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, bacterial xylanase, beta-mannanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, and neutral phytase.

[0011] Specifically, the Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis.

[0012] Specifically, the low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed further includes 1-5 parts of an intestinal health maintenance agent.

[0013] The low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed provided by the application can be applied to aquatic feed breeding, in particular, large-specification grass carp breeding, and can be used to promote the proliferation of Cetobacterium in the intestinal tract of the feeding animal.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) The low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed provided by the application uses pork peptides as animal protein raw materials, which are used in combination with plant raw materials, so as to not only ensure the reasonable collocation of animal and plant protein sources to balance various amino acids in the feed, but also effectively improve the digestibility of the protein, thereby ensuring that the protein digestion and absorption rate is greatly improved on the premise that the formula cost is not greatly increased. It is proved by popularization and practice that 800-900 large-specification grass carps can be produced per ton of biological feed, which is better than the existing feed (about 750 large grass carps per ton of feed), and greatly improves the breeding benefit.

[0016] (2) The low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed selectively uses 70% of the enzymatic pork peptides with a molecular weight of 500-5000 Da in the product, which can be fully absorbed and utilized by the large-specification grass carp, and does not have negative effects while improving the digestion rate of pork powder.

[0017] (3) The use of organic chromium in the low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed can promote the deposition of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, and ensure the deposition and conversion of the digested and absorbed nutrients.

[0018] (4) The use of puffed wheat flour and puffed rice bran meal as energy raw materials in the plant raw materials of the low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed brings a large amount of puffed starch, which not only makes the content of protein and carbohydrates in the feed more balanced, but also greatly improves the utilization efficiency of carbohydrates in the feed. The biological feed can also promote the proliferation of Cetobacterium in the intestinal tract of the grass carp, thereby improving the health status of the intestinal tract of the grass carp.

[0019] (5) Through the addition and use of the aquatic special enzyme preparation and the low-temperature micro-ecological preparation, not only can various anti-nutritional substances in the feed be effectively degraded, but also the digestion and absorption of the nutritional substances can be promoted, and the balance of the intestinal flora can be maintained, so that the feed utilization rate is improved, and the health level of the body is also improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Although the representative embodiments of the present application have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the present application should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0021] The present application provides a low-feed-coefficient grass carp biological feed, which comprises, in terms of weight fraction, 100-200 parts of pork peptides, 510-1750 parts of plant raw materials, 10-30 parts of aquatic premix, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of choline chloride. The aquatic premix can be obtained from a conventional commercial source.

[0022] The biological feed uses the technologies of nutritional balance, digestion rate improvement, absorption rate improvement and deposition rate improvement to promote the development of the digestive tract of the grass carp, improve the digestion and absorption of the nutritional substances, improve the utilization efficiency of the feed and reduce the feed coefficient.

[0023] Current studies have shown that when animal protein is excessively enzymolyzed, a large amount of substances with a molecular weight less than 500 Da, such as dipeptides, tripeptides and free amino acids, which cannot be effectively utilized by fish and shrimp and other aquatic animals, will appear in the enzymolyzed products, thereby reducing the enzymolysis effect. Enzymolyzed products with a molecular weight greater than 5000 Da indicate that the enzymolysis is incomplete. Therefore, the pork peptides used in the present application are enzymolyzed products of pork meal, and the mass ratio of the components with a molecular weight of 500-5000 Da in the product is more than 70%.

[0024] Further, the pork peptides are prepared by enzymolysis of pork meal using protease, preferably using commercially available RM degradation enzyme. The temperature is controlled at 55-60 DEG C during the enzymolysis process, the water content of the enzymolysis system is controlled at 50%-60%, the enzyme preparation addition amount is 3-8 kg / t of pork, and the enzymolysis time is 2-5 hours.

[0025] Further, the animal protein content in the big grass carp biological feed is not less than 15% of the total protein content of the feed, and the mass ratio of animal protein to plant protein is 3:17-1:2. Animal protein raw materials are generally not used in existing big grass carp feed. The advantages of using animal protein raw materials are that the amino acid composition is more balanced than that of plant protein raw materials, and it is easy to be digested and absorbed by big grass carp. In addition, the use of animal protein raw materials in proportion with plant protein can make the amino acid composition of the feed more balanced. If it exceeds the range, it will affect the effective utilization of the feed and reduce the growth performance of big grass carp.

[0026] Preferably, the starch content in the feed is not less than 25%, and the mass ratio of starch to protein is 5:6-6:5. The existing big grass carp feed generally contains less than 20% of starch. The effective starch content can provide sufficient carbon source for the proliferation of intestinal microorganisms, and the protein can provide nitrogen source for the proliferation of intestinal microorganisms. The use of the two in a suitable proportion can promote the balance of intestinal microbial flora.

[0027] Specifically, the plant raw materials include fermented soybean meal 10-50 parts, soybean meal 100-300 parts, rapeseed meal 200-500 parts, cottonseed meal 100-300 parts, puffed wheat flour 50-300 parts, and puffed rice bran meal 50-300 parts.

[0028] The fermented soybean meal can be selected from conventional products in the art, and is preferably prepared by the following steps: adding 2-5 kg of commercially available Jialebao to 1 ton of soybean meal, and fermenting at room temperature for 48-72 hours to obtain a product with a acid-soluble protein content of not less than 20%.

[0029] Further, the low-feed-coefficient big grass carp biological feed also includes 0.1-0.6 parts of organic chromium. The use of organic chromium can promote the deposition of protein, fat and carbohydrates in aquatic animals, and ensure the deposition and transformation of digested and absorbed nutrients. The organic chromium is preferably chromium picolinate or chromium nicotinate. The content of effective chromium in the organic chromium is 0.1 ‰-0.2 ‰.

[0030] Further, the low-feed-coefficient big grass carp biological feed also includes 1-3 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 0.5-2 parts of bacillus.

[0031] Among them, the complex enzyme preparation includes Hupro protease, α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme, pullulanase, bacterial xylanase, β-mannanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, and neutral phytase. Preferably, the Hupro protease activity is 20000U / g-50000U / g, the α-amylase activity is 200U / g-1000U / g, the saccharifying enzyme activity is 2000U / g-5000U / g, the pullulanase activity is 50U / g-500U / g, the bacterial xylanase activity is 25000U / g-50000U / g, the β-mannanase activity is 1000U / g-5000U / g, the β-glucanase activity is 8000U / g-15000U / g, the cellulase activity is 2000U / g-5000U / g, the pectinase activity is 2000U / g=10000U / g, and the neutral phytase activity is 1000U / g-5000U / g.

[0032] The Bacillus is a low-temperature Bacillus, preferably Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis.

[0033] The complex enzyme preparation and Bacillus are designed based on the basic feed formula of large-sized grass carp. Bacillus can withstand the high temperature and high pressure environment of the pelleting process of large grass carp pellets.

[0034] Furthermore, the low-feed-coefficient large grass carp biological feed also includes 1-5 parts of an intestinal health maintenance agent, preferably Dingchangjian or Dingchangkang. Scientific use of an intestinal health maintenance agent can effectively promote intestinal development and improve intestinal health, thereby prolonging the digestion and absorption time of feed in the intestines and improving the intestines' ability to absorb and utilize nutrients.

[0035] In an optimized embodiment, the present invention provides a biological feed for grass carp with a low feed coefficient, which includes, by weight: 100-200 parts of pork peptide, 10-50 parts of fermented soybean meal, 100-300 parts of soybean meal, 200-500 parts of rapeseed meal, 100-300 parts of cottonseed meal, 50-300 parts of puffed wheat flour, 50-300 parts of puffed rice bran meal, 5-20 parts of table salt, 10-30 parts of aquatic premix, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of choline chloride, 1-5 parts of intestinal health maintenance agent, 1-3 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.5-2 parts of Bacillus, and 0.1-0.6 parts of organic chromium.

[0036] The present embodiment uses biologically pretreated animal raw materials and plant raw materials as main raw materials and uses organic chromium to achieve the balance of animal protein and plant protein in the feed and the balance between protein and carbohydrate, thereby improving the growth performance of grass carp to reduce the feed conversion ratio, and using intestinal health maintenance agents, microecological preparations and enzyme preparations to maintain intestinal health, promote the proliferation of Cetobacterium in the intestine and improve the survival rate of breeding.

[0037] The low-feed-conversion-ratio grass carp biological feed of the present application and the application effect thereof are studied through specific examples as follows.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The present embodiment provides a low-feed-conversion-ratio grass carp biological feed, which comprises, in terms of weight fraction: 200 parts of pork peptides, 30 parts of fermented soybean meal, 170 parts of soybean meal, 200 parts of rapeseed meal, 110 parts of cottonseed meal, 170 parts of puffed wheat flour, 80 parts of puffed rice bran meal, 8 parts of salt, 10 parts of aquatic premix, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.3 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of Dingtangjian, 1 part of complex enzyme preparation, 0.5 part of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2 part of chromium picolinate. The content of effective chromium in the chromium picolinate is 0.2 ‰.

[0040] In the pork peptides, 72.18% of the components have a molecular weight of 500-5000 Da, and the preparation method is as follows: 5 kg of RM degradation enzyme is added to 1000 kg of pork powder, the temperature is controlled at 58°C during the enzymolysis process, the water content of the enzymolysis system is controlled at 44%, and the enzymolysis time is 3 hours.

[0041] The fermented soybean meal has an acid-soluble protein content of 23.24%, and the preparation method is as follows: 3 kg of Jialebao is added to 1000 kg of soybean meal to obtain the fermented soybean meal under room temperature conditions for 72 hours.

[0042] The animal protein content in the feed is 36.85%, the mass ratio of animal protein to plant protein is 10:17; the starch content is 26.24%, and the mass ratio of starch to protein is 13:14.

[0043] The content of each component in the complex enzyme preparation is as follows: Hupro protease 50000 U / g, alpha-amylase 500 U / g, glucoamylase 3000 U / g, pullulanase 100 U / g, bacterial xylanase 30000 U / g, beta-mannanase 2000 U / g, beta-glucanase 10000 U / g, cellulase 4000 U / g, pectinase 2500 U / g, and neutral phytase 2500 U / g.

[0044] The above low-feed-factor grass carp biological feed is transported to a grass carp breeding base in Longkou Town, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province to carry out a breeding test. Two breeding ponds with similar areas, consistent stocking modes and consistent stocking specifications are selected for the test. Pond No. 1 is used as a control pond and ordinary grass carp pellet feed on the market is fed; Pond No. 2 is used as a test pond and the low-feed-factor biological feed provided in the embodiment is fed. The feed is fed once a day at 8:00-8:30 in the morning and 15:30-16:00 in the afternoon. The feeding amount is adjusted according to the fish eating condition and the weather condition every day. The stocking and pond-out results of each breeding pond are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Comparison of breeding effects of the test group and the control group

[0046]

[0047] As can be seen from Table 1, the biological feed provided in the embodiment not only improves the pond-out specification of grass carp, but also improves the fish yield per ton of feed and the grass carp yield per ton, thereby improving the breeding benefit.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The embodiment provides a low-feed-factor grass carp biological feed, which includes, in terms of weight fraction, 100 parts of pork peptides, 50 parts of fermented soybean meal, 150 parts of soybean meal, 233 parts of rapeseed meal, 160 parts of cottonseed meal, 200 parts of puffed wheat flour, 50 parts of puffed rice bran meal, 10 parts of salt, 20 parts of aquatic premix, 18 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of choline chloride, 5 parts of dianben, 0.5 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis, and 0.5 parts of chromium nicotinate. The content of effective chromium in the chromium nicotinate is 0.4 ‰.

[0050] The fermented soybean meal is the same as in Example 1.

[0051] 80.56% of the components in the pork peptides have a molecular weight of 500-5000 Da, and the preparation method is as follows: 5000 kg of RM degradation enzyme is added to 1 ton of pork powder, the temperature is controlled at 60°C during the enzyme hydrolysis process, the water content of the enzyme hydrolysis system is controlled at 60%, and the enzyme hydrolysis time is 3 hours.

[0052] The content of animal protein in the feed is 18.19%, and the mass ratio of animal protein to plant protein is 2:9; the content of starch is 30.124%, and the mass ratio of starch to protein is 15:14.

[0053] The content of each component in the complex enzyme preparation is as follows: Hupro protease 20000 U / g, alpha-amylase 200 U / g, glucoamylase 2000 U / g, pullulanase 50 U / g, bacterial xylanase 25000 U / g, beta-mannanase 1000 U / g, beta-glucanase 8000 U / g, cellulase 2000 U / g, pectinase 2000 U / g, neutral phytase 1000 U / g.

[0054] The low-feed-coefficient grass carp biological feed prepared in the embodiment was transported to Fukeng Farm of Cangbu Street Office in Xinzhou District of Wuhan City, Hubei Province for a comparative test. Ponds with a five-pit sampling mode and close stocking density were selected for the test. One of the ponds was fed with the feed provided in the embodiment (test group), and the other four ponds were fed with different commercially available ordinary grass carp pellet feeds as control groups 1-4. The feed in control group 1 included 14% soybean meal, 25% rapeseed meal, 15% cottonseed meal, 12% secondary powder, 5% bran, and 16% rice bran. The feed in control group 2 included 18% soybean meal, 20% rapeseed meal, 14% cottonseed meal, 15% secondary powder, 5% bran, and 10% rice bran. The feed in control group 3 included 12% soybean meal, 26% rapeseed meal, 16% cottonseed meal, 18% secondary powder, 5% bran, and 10% rice bran. The feed in control group 4 included 20% soybean meal, 20% rapeseed meal, 15% cottonseed meal, 15% secondary powder, 5% bran, and 10% rice bran. Feeding was performed twice a day, and data were collected when the test was performed for 4 weeks. Three grass carps were randomly taken from each pond to measure the body weight, body length, intestine length, intestine weight, and the microbial flora structure of the hindgut. The test results are shown in Tables 2-3.

[0055] Table 2 Intestinal development of large-size grass carps fed with different feeds

[0056]

[0057] Table 3 Intestinal microbial genus-level composition of large-size grass carps fed with different feeds

[0058]

[0059] Cetobacterium is a common gram-negative bacterium in the intestinal tract of freshwater fish, which can produce vitamin B12 and participate in the fermentation of proteins and carbohydrates to help the host digest nutrients. As can be seen from Table 3, the abundance of Cetobacterium in the intestinal tract of grass carps fed with the feed provided in the embodiment is much higher than that in the control groups, which indicates that the feed provided in the embodiment can promote the proliferation of Cetobacterium in the intestinal tract of large grass carps, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the feed.

[0060] The above examples are only illustrative of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application, and any design identical or similar to the present application falls within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A biological feed for grass carp with a low feed coefficient, characterized in that: The invention comprises, by weight, 100-200 parts of pork peptide, 510-1750 parts of plant raw materials, 10-30 parts of aquatic premix, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of choline chloride, 0.1-0.6 parts of organic chromium, 1-3 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.5-2 parts of Bacillus, and 1-5 parts of intestinal health maintenance agent; the pork peptide is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of pork powder with commercially available RM degradation enzyme, the temperature during the enzymatic hydrolysis process is controlled at 55-60°C, the moisture content of the enzymatic hydrolysis system is controlled at 50%-60%, the enzyme preparation addition amount is 3-8 kg / ton of pork, the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2-5 hours, and the molecular weight of the pork peptide is 50 The mass ratio of components with a molecular weight of 0-5000Da is more than 70%; the plant raw materials include 10-50 parts of fermented soybean meal, 100-300 parts of soybean meal, 200-500 parts of rapeseed meal, 100-300 parts of cottonseed meal, 50-300 parts of puffed wheat flour, and 50-300 parts of puffed rice bran meal; the content of effective chromium in the organic chromium is 0.1‰-0.2‰; the complex enzyme preparation includes Hupro protease, α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme, pullulanase, bacterial xylanase, β-mannanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, and neutral phytase; the intestinal health maintenance agent is Dingchangjian.

2. The biological feed for large grass carp with low feed coefficient as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The content of acid-soluble protein in the fermented soybean meal is not less than 20%.

3. The biological feed for large grass carp with low feed coefficient as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis.

4. The low feed conversion biofeed for grass carp according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used to promote the digestion of grass carp. Cetobacterium Application in proliferation.

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