Halbach Array Planar Coil Structure Unit

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic coil technology, and in particular to a Halbach array planar coil structure unit. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit consists of substructure one, substructure two, substructure three, and a substructure two that is externally connected to a plurality of coil extension structures. Substructure one and substructure three are planar spiral coils with opposite vertical magnetic circuits after being energized. Substructure two is a planar spiral coil with a horizontal component in magnetic direction after being energized. All spiral outer diameters of substructure two are the same or different. The spiral centers of substructure one and substructure three are located at both ends of a line connecting the spiral centers of substructure two coils. The present invention uses a planar electromagnetic coil to form a Halbach array permanent magnetic field effect, aiming to solve the problems of the existing Halbach array permanent magnetic structure being difficult to miniaturize, having a rigid structure, being unable to get rid of the limitations of permanent magnetic materials, being difficult to achieve a truly sinusoidal distributed magnetic field, and having a low electromagnetic utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic coils, and in particular to a Halbach array planar coil structure unit. Background Art

[0002] The Halbach array permanent magnet structure can form a single strong magnetic surface and a uniform magnetic field. In modern technology, it has been widely used in motors, magnetic levitation, magnetic bearings, electromagnetic acceleration, nuclear magnetic resonance and other systems. However, the Halbach array permanent magnet structure still has defects that restrict its application, such as: the permanent magnet structure is a rigid structure, the structure is bulky, it is difficult to miniaturize, it cannot get rid of the limitations of permanent magnet materials, and due to the limitations of magnetizing technology, it is difficult to achieve a truly sinusoidal distributed magnetic field. On the other hand, the coil structure currently used in correspondence with the Halbach array permanent magnet structure is mainly a conventional coil structure. The magnetic field generated by the conventional coil structure is similar to that of the permanent magnet, which is a double-sided magnetic field. It is impossible to generate a single strong magnetic surface to constrain the magnetic circuit and enhance the magnetic field. Therefore, the electromagnetic utilization rate is not high. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a Halbach array planar coil structure unit, aiming to solve the problems of the existing Halbach array permanent magnet structure being difficult to miniaturize, having a rigid structure, being unable to break away from the limitations of permanent magnet materials, being difficult to achieve a truly sinusoidal distributed magnetic field, and having a low electromagnetic utilization rate.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a Halbach array planar coil structure unit, which realizes the Halbach array permanent magnetic field effect through the electromagnetic planar coil structure unit and improves the utilization rate of the electromagnetic field.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit is composed of substructure one, substructure two, substructure three, and zero to multiple coil extension structures substructure two, wherein substructure one and substructure three are planar spiral coils with opposite vertical magnetic circuits after being energized, and substructure two is a planar spiral coil with horizontal magnetic components after being energized, and all spiral outer diameters of the coil of substructure two can be the same or different, and the spiral centers of substructure one and substructure three are located at the two ends of the line connecting the spiral centers of the coil of substructure two, and one or more coil extension structures substructure two can be connected and extended at one end of the substructure, or at the third end of the substructure, or at the spiral centers of one end of the substructure and at the third end of the substructure at the same magnetic end of substructure two, and all substructures are connected into a planar coil structure unit in series, parallel, or a series-parallel mixed connection mode, and a Halbach permanent magnet array magnetic field structure is formed after being energized, and the spiral centers of substructure one and substructure three are the north and south poles of the coil structure unit respectively, and the magnetic polarity of the unconnected end of substructure two is opposite to that of the connected end. Two or more of the planar coil structure units and their extended structures are connected to the magnetic end to form a linear or linear closed loop or mesh coil structure combination, which forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after power is turned on.

[0007] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit is externally connected to zero coil extension structure substructures 2, and more than two planar coil structure units are connected to the same magnetic end to form a linear or linear closed loop or mesh coil structure combination, which forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after power is turned on. The formed linear or cylindrical or mesh coil structure combination can eliminate unnecessary repeated coils at the magnetic pole position according to actual needs, so as to reduce the stacking thickness of the coils at the magnetic pole position and improve the uniformity of the overall coil structure.

[0008] The coil extension structure substructure 2 is connected to the same magnetic end as the Halbach array planar coil structure unit substructure 2 without an external coil extension structure, which can increase the number of magnetic poles of the coil structure unit, and realize linear closed-loop and mesh closed-loop connection of more than two Halbach array planar coil structure units and chain and mesh extension of coil structure units. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field formed by the connection of the two or more external coil extension structure substructure 2 planar coil structure units with the magnetic end has the characteristics of thin coil stacking thickness at the magnetic pole position, longer overall magnetic circuit, and more magnetic poles in the same plane, compared with the Halbach permanent magnet array magnetic field formed by the connection of the planar coil structure units of the non-external coil extension structure substructure 2 planar coil structure units with the magnetic end. In actual application, unnecessary repeated coils at the magnetic pole position can be eliminated as needed to improve the uniformity of the overall coil structure.

[0009] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the outer diameters of all spirals of the planar coil structure unit substructure 2 can be the same or different, and substructure 2 has a magnetic circuit transmission function, and the magnetic circuit transmission includes equal magnetic flux density transmission generated by the equal outer diameters of all spirals of substructure 2, and magnetic flux density convergence / divergence transmission generated by the gradient reduction or increase of the outer diameters of all spirals of substructure 2. The outer diameters of all spirals of substructure 2 are different, including the outer diameters of the spirals first increasing and then decreasing, and the gradient increasing or decreasing. In the coil planar structure unit in which the outer diameters of all spirals of substructure 2 are reduced in gradient, the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure 1 is preferably equal to the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure 2, and the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure 3 is preferably equal to the inner diameter of the spiral of substructure 2. When the inner diameters and the number of turns of each substructure are the same, the larger the ratio of the spiral outer diameters, the stronger the ability of magnetic flux density convergence or divergence.

[0010] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit combination can form a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after being energized, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field includes a linear, polygonal, annular, and planar Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the top or bottom, a polygonal, annular, cylindrical, conical, polyhedral, and spherical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner or outer surface, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field. The shape of the spiral center connection line of the planar coil structure unit includes a straight line and an arc, and the spiral outer diameter characteristics of all the planar coil structure unit substructure 2 include equal spiral outer diameters, spiral outer diameters first increase and then decrease, and spiral outer diameter gradient increases or decreases.

[0011] The linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located above or below can be formed by connecting multiple coil structure units with a linear or arc-shaped center line of the substructure spiral to the magnetic end in a straight line or in an arc shape after being energized. The linear Halbach array planar coil structure unit generates a linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field, and the arc-shaped Halbach array planar coil structure unit generates an arc-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field, which can be applied to linear motors and electromagnetic acceleration systems; the planar coil structure units with reduced or increased substructure spiral outer diameter gradients are combined into a linear Halbach array planar coil combination, which forms a linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with alternating magnetic flux density after energization, which can be applied to linear motors and electromagnetic acceleration systems, and the acceleration generated by a specific alternating current is greater than the acceleration generated by the alternating current of the linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field formed by the planar coil structure units with the same substructure spiral outer diameter.

[0012] The circular Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located above or below is composed of a planar coil structure unit with an arc shape in the spiral center connected to the magnetic end to form a circular Halbach array planar coil combination. After power is turned on, an axial magnetic flux Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field is formed, which has better sinusoidal distribution characteristics of the magnetic field and can be applied to axial magnetic flux motors, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems.

[0013] The characteristic magnetic field of the polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located above or below is formed by connecting multiple coil structure units with linear substructure spiral center lines and magnetic ends to form a polygon after power is applied, and can be applied to axial flux motors, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems.

[0014] A plurality of linear Halbach array planar coils are arranged in a circular shape to form a cylinder or cone, the magnetic pole surface is located on the inner surface or outer surface of the cylinder, the line connecting the two ends of the magnetic pole is parallel to the cylinder axis, or the extension line of the line connecting the two ends of the magnetic pole intersects with the extension line of the cone axis at a certain point, the magnetic poles of the same circular ring in the axial direction of the cylinder or the axial direction of the cone are the same, and a cylindrical or conical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field can be formed after power is turned on, and the cylindrical or conical coil combination formed can form a cylindrical or conical acceleration structure when an alternating current is passed through it; when the gradient of the spiral outer diameter of the substructure decreases or increases, the acceleration effect has a greater acceleration than that of a cylindrical acceleration structure with all substructures being equal. The cylindrical or conical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field can be applied to linear accelerators and linear motors.

[0015] The characteristic magnetic field of the planar Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located above or below can be formed by connecting multiple coil structure units with substructure spiral center lines in a straight line or arc shape and connecting the magnetic ends to form a mesh plane after power is applied, and can be applied to planar motors and magnetic suspension systems.

[0016] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the bent or folded planar coil structure unit combination can form a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after being energized, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field includes a polygonal, polygonal cylindrical, annular, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal, and polyhedral Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or outer surface, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field. The shape of the spiral center connection line of the planar coil structure unit includes a straight line and an arc, and the spiral outer diameter characteristics of all the planar coil structure unit substructures 2 include equal spiral outer diameters, spiral outer diameters first increase and then decrease, and spiral outer diameter gradient increases or decreases.

[0017] The polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with magnetic surface located on the inner surface or outer surface is formed by connecting multiple coil structure units with linear substructure spiral center connection lines with magnetic ends to form a linear coil combination, bending the magnetic pole position of the linear coil combination, and connecting the two ends of the bent linear coil combination to form a polygon by using coil extension structure substructure 2 or coil structure unit of unconnected coil extension structure substructure 2. The magnetic surface is located inside or outside the ring. After power is turned on, it is a polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field. The polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a polygonal internal uniform magnetic field under specific conditions. Multiple polygonal Halbach array planar coil combinations are axially superimposed to form a polygonal cylindrical barrel. After power is turned on, it is a polygonal cylindrical barrel Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with magnetic surface located on the inner surface or outer surface. The polygonal cylindrical barrel Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a polygonal cylindrical barrel internal uniform magnetic field under specific conditions. The polygonal and polygonal cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination with magnetic surfaces located on the inner surface or outer surface can be applied to radial flux motor systems, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems. The internal uniform magnetic field generated by the polygonal cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination under specific conditions can be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance coil systems.

[0018] The characteristic magnetic field of the annular Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface is formed by connecting a plurality of coil structure units with a linear line connecting the center of the substructure spiral with the magnetic end to form a linear coil combination, bending the linear coil combination, and connecting the two ends of the bent linear coil combination to form an annular shape by using the coil extension structure substructure 2 or the coil structure unit of the unconnected coil extension structure substructure 2, and the magnetic surface is located inside or outside the ring. After power is turned on, it is the characteristic magnetic field of the annular Halbach permanent magnet array. The characteristic magnetic field of the annular Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a uniform magnetic field inside the annular ring under certain conditions. The characteristic magnetic fields of multiple annular Halbach permanent magnet arrays are axially superimposed to form a cylindrical shape, that is, the characteristic magnetic field of the cylindrical Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface. The characteristic magnetic field of the cylindrical Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a uniform magnetic field inside the cylindrical ring under certain conditions. The circular and cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structural unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to radial flux motor systems, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems. In particular, the cylindrical Halbach array planar coil combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be used as a hollow cup motor coil, and the internal uniform magnetic field generated by the cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structural unit combination can be applied to a nuclear magnetic resonance coil system.

[0019] The characteristic magnetic field of the spherical Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface is formed by connecting a plurality of coil structure units with a linear center line of the substructure spirals and different outer diameters of the substructure spirals with the magnetic end to form a symmetrical petal-shaped linear coil combination with small ends and a large middle. The magnetic polarity of the two ends of the symmetrical petal-shaped linear coil combination is the same. The plurality of symmetrical petal-shaped linear coil combinations are bent into a semicircle with two small ends connected with the magnetic end to form a sphere. The magnetic surface is located inside or outside the sphere. After power is turned on, it is the characteristic magnetic field of the spherical Halbach permanent magnet array. The characteristic magnetic field of the spherical Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located inside the sphere can form a spherical internal uniform magnetic field under certain conditions. The spherical Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to spherical motor systems.

[0020] The characteristic magnetic field of the toroidal Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface is formed by connecting the different magnetic ends of multiple coil structure units with substructure spiral centers connected in a straight line or an arc and different outer diameters of each substructure spiral to form a petal-shaped linear coil combination with one end small and the other end large. The magnetic polarities of the two ends of the petal-shaped linear coil combination are different. The multiple petal-shaped linear coil combinations with one end small and the other end large are bent into a semicircle, and the large ends are connected to the large ends and the small ends are connected to the small ends to form a toroidal coil structure unit. The multiple toroidal coil structure units are nested into a toroidal coil combination. After power is turned on, the toroidal coil combination forms the characteristic magnetic field of the Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface. The characteristic magnetic field of the toroidal Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located inside can form a uniform magnetic field inside the toroid under specific conditions.

[0021] The characteristic magnetic field of the polyhedron Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be set in the following ways: planar coil structure unit cross-surface setting and planar coil structure unit edge setting. The combination of the polyhedron Halbach array planar coil structure unit with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to the spherical motor system, and the internal uniform magnetic field generated by the combination of the polyhedron Halbach array planar coil structure unit with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface can be applied to the nuclear magnetic resonance coil system.

[0022] The planar coil structure unit is arranged across the face of the polyhedron Halbach array coil structure combination, which is arranged across the adjacent faces of the polyhedron by the planar coil structure unit, specifically, the planar coil structure unit is arranged across the adjacent faces of the polyhedron, the spiral centers at both ends are respectively located at the face centers of the adjacent faces of the polyhedron or have a certain distance from the face centers, all the planar coil structure units in the same face have the same magnetic polarity, all the magnetic poles are located at the face center or arranged in a central symmetry with the face center, all the planar coil structure units are connected with the same magnetic end, the magnetic polarities of the adjacent faces connected by the planar coil structure unit are opposite, and the adjacent faces with the same magnetic polarity are not provided with the planar coil structure unit across the face, and the overall polyhedron coil structure unit combination formed by the connection forms a characteristic magnetic field of the polyhedron Halbach permanent magnetic array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface after being energized, and the polyhedron Halbach array coil combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface can form a uniform magnetic field inside the polyhedron Halbach permanent magnetic array under specific conditions. The polyhedron is a polyhedron with equal edges and is approximately spherical, preferably a truncated icosahedron, a rhombic truncated icosahedron and a twisted dodecahedron. For a polyhedron with unequal face areas, it is preferred to use a coil structure unit in which all substructure coil spiral outer diameters are unequal, wherein the outer diameter of the substructure one spiral is preferably equal to the outer diameter of the substructure two spiral, the outer diameter of the substructure two spiral is greater than the inner diameter of the substructure two spiral, and the outer diameter of the substructure three spiral is preferably equal to the inner diameter of the substructure two spiral. The polyhedron coil structure unit combination can also be composed of coil structure units whose spiral centers are arc-shaped and linear.

[0023] The polyhedron Halbach array coil structure combination arranged on the edge of the planar coil structure unit is composed of a planar coil structure unit arranged on the edge of the polyhedron, specifically, the spiral center line of the planar coil structure unit coincides with the edge of the polyhedron, the magnetic pole is at a certain distance from the vertex of the edge, when the distance between the magnetic pole and the vertex is zero, the magnetic pole is located at the vertex of the edge, all the same magnetic poles in the vicinity of the same vertex are at the same distance from the vertex, the magnetic polarities of the vertices at both ends of the same edge connected by the planar coil structure unit are opposite, when the magnetic polarities of the vertices at both ends of the same edge are the same, the planar coil structure unit is not arranged on the edge, all the coil structure units in the vicinity of the same vertex are connected to the same magnetic end, and the overall polyhedron coil structure unit combination formed by the connection forms a characteristic magnetic field of a polyhedron Halbach permanent magnet array with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface after being energized, and the polyhedron Halbach array coil combination with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface can form a uniform magnetic field inside the polyhedron Halbach permanent magnet array under specific conditions. The polyhedron is a nearly spherical polyhedron with equal edges, preferably a truncated icosahedron, a rhombic icosahedron and a twisted dodecahedron.

[0024] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure units of the substructure 2 without external coil extension structure are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around a certain point on the plane with the center of the spiral of the substructure 1 and connected with the magnetic end to form a centrally symmetrical planar coil array combination. The distances from the center of the spiral of the substructure 1 and the center of the spiral of the substructure 3 to a certain point on the plane are not equal. After power is turned on, the plane point is the planar strong magnetic point of the coil combination. The certain point on the plane includes the center of the spiral of the substructure 1 of the coil planar structure unit. The planar strong magnetic point can be applied to wireless power transmission, and has the characteristics of high magnetic field strength, low leakage inductance, and high electromagnetic utilization efficiency; the planar strong magnetic point can be applied to axial flux motors and magnetic bearings. Compared with the traditional coil structure, the magnetic field strength generated by the overall coil combination is stronger, and the coil combination can generate a stronger centripetal magnetic induction intensity at the axis center, and the torque generated is greater. The planar coil structural units constituting the planar strong magnetic points include planar coil structural units with a straight line or arc-shaped spiral center and planar coil structural units with a substructure with a second spiral outer diameter gradient increasing or decreasing. The formed planar strong magnetic points include vortex strong magnetic points and magnetic flux density converging / diverging vortex strong magnetic points.

[0025] The vortex strong magnetic point is formed by a planar coil structure unit with an arc-shaped spiral center, which is arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around a certain point on the plane with the center of the substructure one spiral, and connected to the magnetic end to form a centrally symmetrical planar coil array combination after power is turned on. The distances from the center of the substructure one spiral and the center of the substructure three spiral to a certain point on the plane are not equal. The magnetic flux density convergence / divergence vortex strong magnetic point is formed by a planar coil structure unit with an arc-shaped spiral center and a substructure two spiral outer diameter gradient increasing or decreasing, which is arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around a certain point on the plane with the center of the substructure one spiral, and connected to the magnetic end to form a centrally symmetrical planar coil array combination after power is turned on. The distances from the center of the substructure one spiral and the center of the substructure three spiral to a certain point on the plane are not equal.

[0026] The planar strong magnetic point is formed by two planar coil structure units of the substructure two of the unconnected coil extension structure, and the planar strong magnetic point is formed by the symmetrical connection point with the spiral center of the substructure one as the center. After the two planar coil structure units are bent into a semicircle, the two substructures three are connected to form a ring. The strong magnetic point is located inside the ring. After power is turned on, a uniform magnetic field inside the minimum circular ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array can be formed. The magnetic poles are located at the substructure one and the substructure three. The internal uniform magnetic field ring is applied to wireless power transmission and has the characteristics of high magnetic field intensity, low leakage inductance, and high electromagnetic utilization efficiency. The planar coil structure of the substructure two of the unconnected coil extension structure The petal coil combination is composed of units, the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure one is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure two with the same spiral center, the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure two increases first and then decreases, and the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure three is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the spiral of substructure two with the same spiral center, and the two ends are small and the middle is large. The plane strong magnetic point is formed by connecting the center of the spiral of substructure one symmetrically around a certain point of the plane. After all the plane coil structure units are bent into a semicircle, all the substructures three are connected symmetrically to form a sphere. The strong magnetic point is located inside the sphere. After power is turned on, a uniform magnetic field inside the minimum spherical Halbach permanent magnet array can be formed, and the magnetic poles are located at substructure one and substructure three. The spherical internal uniform magnetic field is applied to wireless power transmission, and has the characteristics of high magnetic field intensity, low leakage inductance, and high electromagnetic utilization efficiency.

[0027] The Halbach array planar coil structural unit is characterized by a planar, polygonal cylindrical, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal, and polyhedral Halbach array planar coil mesh combination composed of a plurality of Halbach array planar coil structural units. After being energized, it can form a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field structure with strong magnetic characteristics on one side and magnetic shielding on the other side, which can be applied to the construction of magnetic shielding space. With the development of science and technology, the widespread application of electromagnetic technology and permanent magnetic materials, non-magnetic space and magnetic shielding space have attracted more and more attention from researchers. Conventional non-magnetic space and magnetic shielding space have heavy structures. The present invention uses electromagnetic coils to form the Halbach array characteristic magnetic field, which can be applied to the construction of magnetic shielding surfaces and magnetic shielding spaces. It has the characteristics of low cost, good magnetic shielding effect, thin and light space structure, and easy construction.

[0028] The magnetic shielding surface and magnetic shielding space can be composed of a plurality of Halbach array planar coil structural units, which are plane-shaped, polygonal cylindrical, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal, or polyhedral Halbach array planar coil mesh combinations, and can be assembled and customized according to the construction needs of the magnetic shielding surface and magnetic shielding space. The Halbach array planar coil mesh combination is preferably made using flexible printed circuit board technology.

[0029] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the coil structure combination formed by the Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination can replace the existing traditional double-sided polarity coil structure and be applied to electromagnetic coil systems such as wireless power transmission, motors, magnetic levitation, magnetic bearings, electromagnetic acceleration, nuclear magnetic resonance coils, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers, and electromagnetic heating. The coil structure combination can be used in conjunction with a coil structure combination composed of Halbach array planar coil structure units with opposite magnetic poles, and can also be used in conjunction with a Halbach permanent magnet array.

[0030] A coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics inside is paired with a permanent magnetic sphere with a strong magnetic surface outside, or a coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics outside is paired with a permanent magnetic sphere with a strong magnetic surface of a Halbach permanent magnetic array inside, or a coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics outside is paired with a coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics inside, which can be used to make spherical motors.

[0031] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit and the coil combination composed of the planar coil structure unit can be connected in series, parallel or a mixed series-parallel connection.

[0032] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit can be manufactured by a printed circuit board method or a planar coil splicing method.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention uses a combination of energized planar coils to achieve the magnetic field effect of the Halbach permanent magnet array, significantly miniaturizing and flattening the characteristic magnetic field structure of the Halbach array.

[0035] 2. The coil structure unit of the present invention can easily adjust the magnetic field uniformity of the uniform magnetic field formed by the combination of the coil structure units by adjusting the magnetic vector components of each substructure.

[0036] 3. Compared with the traditional bidirectional coil structure, the coil structure unit of the present invention has a stronger magnetic field strength and a more concentrated magnetic circuit, which can significantly improve the electromagnetic utilization rate of the coil.

[0037] 4. The magnetic field effect of the Halbach permanent magnet array generated by the coil structure unit combination of the present invention after power is applied, combined with the application of the Halbach permanent magnet array, has the characteristics of high magnetic field intensity and greater air gap density compared to the combination of traditional coils and Halbach permanent magnet arrays.

[0038] 5. The linear combination of coil structural units with different spiral outer diameters of the substructures of the present invention produces a greater acceleration effect after power is turned on than that produced by using traditional coils.

[0039] 6. The annular Halbach array coil combination composed of arc-shaped linearly arranged coil structural units of the present invention has a higher sinusoidal distribution characteristic of the magnetic field after power is turned on.

[0040] 7. The present invention adopts a coil structure to realize the magnetic field effect of the electromagnetic Halbach permanent magnet array. The coil structure is a flexible structure, and the magnetic field strength and direction are easy to adjust. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figures 1 to 8 The Halbach array planar coil structure unit of the present invention is: Figures 9 to 18 The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is applied in combination.

[0042] Figure 1 Substructure: a straight plane coil structural unit with two equal helical outer diameters;

[0043] Figure 2 Substructure: arc-shaped planar coil structural unit with two equal spiral outer diameters;

[0044] Figure 3 Substructure: a linear planar coil structural unit with two helical outer diameter gradients decreasing;

[0045] Figure 4 Substructure: a curved planar coil structural unit with two spiral outer diameter gradients decreasing;

[0046] Figure 5 A linear planar coil structure unit externally connected to a coil extension structure substructure 2;

[0047] Figure 6 An arc-shaped planar coil structure unit externally connected to two coil extension structure substructures 2;

[0048] Figure 7 A linear planar coil structure unit of a second substructure of an externally connected five coil extension structures;

[0049] Figure 8 An arc-shaped planar coil structure unit of the second substructure connected to six coil extension structures;

[0050] Fig. 9 Linear Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0051] Fig.10 Linear alternating flux density Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0052] Fig.11 Ring-shaped Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0053] Fig.12 Mesh Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0054] Fig.13 Strong magnetic point Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0055] Fig.14 Ring-shaped minimum internal magnetic field Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0056] Fig.15 Planar alternating polarity Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0057] Fig.16 Mesh Halbach array planar coil structure combination;

[0058] Fig.17 The edge coil is set as a combination of a truncated icosahedron Halbach array planar coil structure;

[0059] Fig.18 The cross-plane coil is arranged as a combination of a truncated icosahedron Halbach array planar coil structure.

[0060] 101, a substructure-a planar spiral coil with a spiral outer diameter equal to that of the substructure three and a magnetic circuit vertically downward;

[0061] 102, a substructure one planar spiral coil having a spiral outer diameter larger than the spiral outer diameter of the substructure three, and a magnetic circuit directed vertically upward;

[0062] 103, a substructure one planar spiral coil having a spiral outer diameter larger than the spiral outer diameter of the substructure three, and a magnetic circuit directed vertically downward;

[0063] 201, a two-plane spiral coil with equal spiral outer diameter and a linear substructure with a magnetic horizontal component pointing to the right;

[0064] 202, a two-plane spiral coil with equal spiral outer diameter and a leftward arc-shaped substructure with a horizontal magnetic component;

[0065] 203, a two-plane spiral coil with a linear substructure and a magnetic horizontal component pointing to the right, with a spiral outer diameter gradient decreasing;

[0066] 204, a two-plane spiral coil with a spiral outer diameter gradient decreasing and a magnetic horizontal component pointing to the right in an arc-shaped substructure;

[0067] 301, a substructure three-plane spiral coil with a spiral outer diameter equal to that of substructure one and a magnetic circuit vertically upward;

[0068] 302, a substructure three-plane spiral coil with a magnetic circuit vertically downward and a spiral outer diameter smaller than the spiral outer diameter of the substructure one;

[0069] 303, a substructure three-plane spiral coil with a magnetic circuit vertically upward and a spiral outer diameter smaller than the spiral outer diameter of the substructure one;

[0070] 401, a second substructure of a linear planar spiral coil extension structure with equal spiral outer diameters;

[0071] 402, arc-shaped planar spiral coil extension structure substructure 2 with equal spiral outer diameter;

[0072] 403, substructure 2 of the extended structure of a linear planar spiral coil with a spiral outer diameter gradient reduction;

[0073] 404, substructure 2 of the arc-shaped planar spiral coil extension structure with spiral outer diameter gradient reduced;

[0074] 500, a Halbach array magnetic ring unit formed by combining mesh arc-shaped planar coil structure units. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0076] In the attached figure, the vertical magnetic field direction is represented by a circle with × inside to represent the vertical downward magnetic field, and a circle with ○ inside to represent the vertical upward magnetic field. The direction of the arrow in substructure two represents the direction of the horizontal component of the magnetic field, and the thickness of the two ends of the arrow represents the size of the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure two.

[0077] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit consists of a substructure (such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 101 of , attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103 in), substructure 2 (as attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204), substructure three (such as attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 301 in the attachment Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4 303 in) externally connected to multiple coil extension structure substructure 2 (such as attached Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) in which substructure 1 (such as Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 101 of , attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103 in) and substructure three (as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 301 in the attachment Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4303 in the figure) is a planar spiral coil with opposite magnetic circuits in the vertical direction after power is applied. Substructure 2 (as shown in the attached figure) Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204, Attachment Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404 in the figure) is a planar spiral coil with a horizontal magnetic component after power is applied, substructure 2 (such as the attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of them,

[0078] Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204, Attachment Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) The outer diameters of all spirals of the coil can be the same or different. Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 101 of , attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103) and substructure three (see Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 301 in the attachment Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4 303) The helical center is located in substructure 2 (see attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204) The two ends of the coil spiral center connecting line, one or more coil extension structure substructures 2 (such as attached Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) can be at one end of the substructure (such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 101 of , attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103 in), or the three ends of the substructure (such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 301 in the attachment Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4 303 in the substructure), or at one end of the substructure (such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 101 of , attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103 in) and the three substructure terminals (such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 301 in the attachment Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4 303) helical center and substructure 2 (see attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204) is connected to the same magnetic end, and all substructures are connected in series, parallel or mixed series and parallel to form a planar coil structure unit. After power is turned on, a Halbach permanent magnet array magnetic field structure is formed. Substructure one (such as the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 101 of , attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103 in) and substructure three (as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 301 in the attachment Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4 303) The spiral centers are the north and south poles of the coil structure unit, and the substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204) The magnetic polarity of the unconnected end is opposite to that of the connected end. Two or more of the planar coil structure units and their extended structures are connected to the magnetic end to form a linear or linear closed loop or mesh coil structure combination, which forms a characteristic magnetic field of the Halbach permanent magnet array after power is applied.

[0079] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit is externally connected to zero coil extension structure substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 ), two or more of the planar coil structure units are connected to the magnetic end to form a linear shape (such as the attached Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ) or a linear closed loop (such as Fig.11 , Fig.12 Medium magnetic ring 500) or mesh coil (such as attached Fig.12 , Fig.15 , Fig.16 , Fig.17 , Fig.18) structural combination, after power is turned on, the characteristic magnetic field of the Halbach permanent magnet array is formed. The linear, cylindrical or mesh coil structure combination formed can eliminate unnecessary repeated coils at the magnetic pole position according to actual needs, so as to reduce the stacking thickness of the coils at the magnetic pole position and improve the uniformity of the overall coil structure.

[0080] Coil extension structure substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) and the Halbach array planar coil structure without external coil extension structure

[0081] Yuan (if attached) Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 ) Substructure 2 (as attached Figure 1 201 of Attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204) is connected to the magnetic end, the number of magnetic poles of the coil structure unit can be increased, and more than two linear closed loops of the Halbach array planar coil structure units can be realized (such as the attached Fig.11 , Fig.12 Medium magnetic ring 500) and mesh closed loop (such as attached Fig.12 , Fig.15 , Fig.16 , Fig.17 , Fig.18 ) connection and coil structure unit chain (such as attached Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ) and mesh (such as attached Fig.12 , Fig.15 , Fig.16 , Fig.17 , Fig.18 ) expansion. The two or more external coil extension structure substructure two-plane coil structure unit (such as attached Figure 5 , attached Figure 6 , attached Figure 7 , attached Figure 8 ) is connected to the magnetic end to form the characteristic magnetic field of the Halbach permanent magnet array, and the two planar coil structure units (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 ) Compared with the Halbach permanent magnet array magnetic field formed by the same magnetic end connection, it has the characteristics of thin coil stacking thickness at the magnetic pole position, longer overall magnetic circuit, and more magnetic poles in the same plane. In actual application, unnecessary repeated coils at the magnetic pole position can be eliminated as needed to improve the uniformity of the overall coil structure.

[0082] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized by the planar coil structure unit substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204 of , attached Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) All spiral outer diameters can be the same or different. Substructure 2 (such as the attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204, Attachment Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) has a magnetic circuit transmission function, and the magnetic circuit transmission includes substructure 2 (such as attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402) All spiral outer diameters are equal to produce equal magnetic flux density transfer, substructure 2 (such as attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204 of , attached Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) All the magnetic flux density generated by the reduction or increase of the spiral outer diameter gradient converges / diverges, and the substructure 2 (such as the attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204 of , attached Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) all spiral outer diameters are different, including the spiral outer diameter first increases and then decreases, or increases or decreases with a gradient. The coil planar structural unit (such as the attached Figure 3 , attached Figure 4 , attached Figure 7 , attached Figure 8 ), substructure 1 (such as attached Figure 3 102 of , attached Figure 4 103) The outer diameter of the spiral is preferably the same as that of the second substructure (such as the attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204 of , attached Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) with the same outer diameter of the spiral, substructure three (as shown in the attached Figure 3 302 in the attachment Figure 4 The outer diameter of the spiral is preferably the same as that of the second substructure (such as the attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204 of , attached Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) When the inner diameters of the spirals are equal and the inner diameters and number of turns of each substructure are the same, the larger the ratio of the spiral outer diameters, the stronger the ability to gather or diverge the magnetic flux density.

[0083] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit combination can form a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after being energized. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field includes a linear magnetic surface with a magnetic surface located above or below (such as attached Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ), polygons (such as attached Fig.16 A quadrilateral unit combination in Fig.12 and Fig.17 A hexagonal unit combination in Fig.18 a pentagonal combination), a ring (such as the attached Fig.11 , Fig.12 The magnetic ring unit 500), plane shape (such as attached Fig.12 , Fig.15 , Fig.16 ) Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field, the magnetic surface is located on the inner or outer surface of the polygon, circular ring (such as attached Fig.14 ), cylindrical, conical, polyhedral and spherical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field, the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field. The shape of the spiral center connection line of the planar coil structure unit includes a straight line (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 ), arc (such as attached Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 ), the planar coil structure unit substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 1 201, attached Figure 2 202 of Attached Figure 3 203 of , attached Figure 4 204 of , attached Figure 5 401 in, attached Figure 6 402 in the Figure 7 403 in the Figure 8 404) All spiral outer diameter features include equal spiral outer diameter, spiral outer diameter first increases and then decreases, and spiral outer diameter increases or decreases gradually.

[0084] The characteristic magnetic field of the linear Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface above or below can be formed by connecting the spiral centers of the substructures into a straight line (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 ) or arc (such as attached Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 ) are connected to the magnetic end in a straight line (such as the attached Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ) or in an arc shape (such as Figure 6 ) is formed after power is turned on, the linear Halbach array planar coil structure unit generates a linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field, and the arc Halbach array planar coil structure unit generates an arc Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field, which can be applied to linear motors and electromagnetic acceleration systems; the combination of planar coil structure units with reduced or increased substructure spiral outer diameter gradient (such as the attached Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 ) forms a linear Halbach array planar coil combination, which forms a linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with alternating magnetic flux density after power is turned on. It can be applied to linear motors and electromagnetic acceleration systems. The acceleration generated by a specific alternating current is greater than the acceleration generated by the alternating current of the linear Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field formed by the planar coil structure unit with the same substructure spiral outer diameter.

[0085] The characteristic magnetic field of the annular Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located above or below is formed by connecting the planar coil structure unit with the spiral center in an arc shape with the magnetic end to form an annular Halbach array planar coil combination (such as the attached Fig.11 , Fig.12 500 magnetic ring units in the system), after being energized, an axial magnetic flux Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field is formed, which has better sinusoidal distribution characteristics of the magnetic field and can be applied to axial flux motors, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems.

[0086] The magnetic surface is located above or below the polygonal Halbach permanent magnetic array characteristic magnetic field (such as the attached Fig.16 A quadrilateral unit combination in Fig.12 and Fig.17 A hexagonal unit combination in Fig.18 A pentagonal combination in the substructure) is formed by connecting multiple coil structure units with linear substructure spiral center lines and connecting magnetic ends to form a polygon after power is applied. It can be applied to axial flux motors, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems.

[0087] Multiple linear Halbach array planar coils (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 ) combination (such as Fig. 9 , Fig.10) are arranged in a circle to form a cylinder or cone, the magnetic pole surface is located on the inner or outer surface of the cylinder, the line connecting the two ends of the magnetic pole is parallel to the cylinder axis, or the extension line of the line connecting the two ends of the magnetic pole intersects with the extension line of the cone axis at a certain point, the poles of the same circular ring in the axial direction of the cylinder or the axial direction of the cone are the same, and a cylindrical or conical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field can be formed after power is turned on, and the cylindrical or conical coil combination formed can form a cylindrical or conical acceleration structure when an alternating current is passed through it; when the gradient of the spiral outer diameter of the substructure decreases or increases, the acceleration effect has a greater acceleration than that of a cylindrical acceleration structure with all substructures being equal. The cylindrical or conical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field can be applied to linear accelerators and linear motors.

[0088] The characteristic magnetic field of the planar Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located above or below can be formed by connecting the substructure spiral centers into a straight line or an arc with multiple coil structure units (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 ) are connected to the magnetic end to form a mesh plane (such as the attached Fig.11 , Fig.12 , Fig.16 ) is formed after power is applied and can be applied to planar motors and magnetic levitation systems.

[0089] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the bent or folded planar coil structure unit combination can form a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after being energized, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field includes a polygonal, polygonal cylindrical, annular, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal, and polyhedral Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or outer surface, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field. The shape of the spiral center connection line of the planar coil structure unit includes a straight line and an arc, and the spiral outer diameter characteristics of all the planar coil structure unit substructures 2 include equal spiral outer diameters, spiral outer diameters first increase and then decrease, and spiral outer diameter gradient increases or decreases.

[0090] The characteristic magnetic field of the polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array whose magnetic surface is located on the inner surface or the outer surface is formed by connecting the spiral centers of the substructures into a linear multiple coil structure unit (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 ) are connected to the magnetic end to form a linear coil combination. The linear coil combination (such as Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ) The magnetic pole position is bent, and the coil extension structure substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 5401) or the coil structure unit of the substructure 2 of the coil extension structure without external connection (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 ) Combine the bent linear coils (such as Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ) are connected at both ends to form a polygon, and the magnetic surface is located inside or outside the ring. After power is turned on, it becomes a polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field. The polygonal Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a polygonal internal uniform magnetic field under specific conditions. A plurality of polygonal Halbach array planar coil combinations are axially superimposed to form a polygonal cylindrical barrel. After power is turned on, it becomes a polygonal cylindrical barrel-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface. The polygonal cylindrical barrel-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a polygonal cylindrical barrel-shaped internal uniform magnetic field under specific conditions. The polygonal and polygonal cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structural unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to radial flux motor systems, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems. The internal uniform magnetic field generated by the polygonal cylindrical barrel-shaped Halbach array planar coil structural unit combination under specific conditions can be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance coil systems.

[0091] The characteristic magnetic field of the annular Halbach permanent magnet array whose magnetic surface is located on the inner surface or the outer surface is composed of a plurality of coil structure units (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 ) are connected to the magnetic end to form a linear coil combination. Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ) bend, using coil extension structure substructure 2 (as shown in the attached Figure 5 401) or the coil structure unit of the substructure 2 of the coil extension structure without external connection (such as the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 ) Combine the curved straight coils (such as Fig. 9 , Fig.10) are connected at both ends to form a circular ring, and the magnetic surface is located inside or outside the ring. After power is turned on, it becomes a circular Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field. The circular Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a circular internal uniform magnetic field under certain conditions. Multiple circular Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic fields are axially superimposed to form a cylindrical shape, that is, a cylindrical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface. The cylindrical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located inside the ring can form a cylindrical internal uniform magnetic field under certain conditions. The circular and cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structural unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to radial flux motor systems, magnetic bearings, and electromagnetic heating systems. In particular, the cylindrical Halbach array planar coil combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be used as a hollow cup motor coil, and the internal uniform magnetic field generated by the cylindrical Halbach array planar coil structural unit combination can be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance coil systems.

[0092] The magnetic surface is located on the inner surface or the outer surface of the spherical Halbach permanent magnetic array characteristic magnetic field, and the substructure spiral center connecting line is a straight line, and the outer diameter of each substructure spiral is different. Figure 3 ) are connected with the same magnetic end to form a symmetrical petal-shaped linear coil combination with small ends and a large middle. The magnetic polarity of the two ends of the symmetrical petal-shaped linear coil combination is the same. Multiple symmetrical petal-shaped linear coil combinations are bent into a semicircle. The two small ends are connected with the same magnetic end to form a sphere. The magnetic surface is inside or outside the sphere. After power is turned on, it becomes the characteristic magnetic field of the spherical Halbach permanent magnet array. The characteristic magnetic field of the spherical Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface inside the sphere can form a spherical internal uniform magnetic field under certain conditions.

[0093] The spherical Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to the spherical motor system.

[0094] The magnetic surface is located on the inner surface or the outer surface of the toroidal Halbach permanent magnetic array characteristic magnetic field, and the substructure spiral center connecting line is a straight line or an arc, and the outer diameter of each substructure spiral is different. Figure 3 , Figure 4 ) The different magnetic ends are connected to form a petal-shaped linear coil combination with one end small and the other end large, the magnetic polarities at both ends of the petal-shaped linear coil combination are different, multiple petal-shaped linear coil combinations with one end small and the other end large are bent into a semicircle, the large ends are connected to the large ends, and the small ends are connected to the small ends to form a circular ring coil structure unit, and multiple circular ring coil structure units are nested into a circular ring body coil combination. After power is turned on, the circular ring body coil combination forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface. The characteristic magnetic field of the circular ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array with a magnetic surface located inside can form a uniform magnetic field inside the circular ring under specific conditions.

[0095] The characteristic magnetic field of the polyhedron Halbach permanent magnet array with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be set in the following ways: the planar coil structure unit is set across the surface (such as the attached Fig.18 ) and the planar coil structure unit edge setting (such as attached Fig.17 ). The polyhedron Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface can be applied to the spherical motor system, and the internal uniform magnetic field generated by the polyhedron Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface can be applied to the nuclear magnetic resonance coil system.

[0096] The planar coil structure unit is arranged across the surface of the polyhedron Halbach array coil structure combination (such as Fig.18 is the unfolded view of a truncated icosahedron), consisting of a planar coil structural unit (such as the attached Figure 4 ) is arranged across adjacent faces of the polyhedron, specifically, the planar coil structure unit spans adjacent faces of the polyhedron, and the spiral centers at both ends are located at the center of the adjacent faces of the polyhedron (such as the attached Fig.18 303) or at a certain distance from the center of the surface, all planar coil structural units in the same surface have the same magnetic polarity, and all magnetic poles are located at the center of the surface (such as the attached Fig.18 303) or arranged in centrosymmetry with the center of the face, all planar coil structural units are connected to the same magnetic end, the magnetic polarities of adjacent faces connected by the planar coil structural units are opposite, and adjacent faces with the same magnetic polarity are not provided with cross-face planar coil structural units, and the overall polyhedral coil structural unit combination formed by the connection forms a characteristic magnetic field of a polyhedral Halbach permanent magnetic array with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface after being energized, and the polyhedral Halbach array coil combination with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface can form a uniform magnetic field inside the polyhedral Halbach permanent magnetic array under certain conditions. The polyhedron is a polyhedron with equal edges and approximately spherical shape, preferably a truncated icosahedron, a rhombic truncated icosahedron and a twisted dodecahedron. For a polyhedron with unequal face areas, it is preferred to use a coil structure unit in which all substructure coil spiral outer diameters are unequal. For the coil structure unit in which all substructure coil spiral outer diameters are unequal, the outer diameter of substructure one spiral is preferably equal to the outer diameter of substructure two spiral, the outer diameter of substructure two spiral is greater than the inner diameter of substructure two spiral, and the outer diameter of substructure three spiral is preferably equal to the inner diameter of substructure two spiral. The polyhedron coil structure unit combination can also be composed of coil structure units with arc-shaped linear spiral centers.

[0097] The polyhedron Halbach array coil structure combination (such as Fig.17 is an expanded view of a truncated icosahedron), the planar coil structure unit is arranged on the edge of the polyhedron, specifically the planar coil structure unit (such as Figure 1 ) The line connecting the centers of the spiral coincides with the edges of the polyhedron (e.g. Fig.17201), the magnetic pole is at a certain distance from the edge vertex. When the distance between the magnetic pole and the edge vertex is zero, the magnetic pole is located at the edge vertex (such as Fig.17 In 101 and 301, the distance from the pole to the vertex of all the same magnetic poles in the adjacent area of ​​the same vertex is the same, the magnetic polarities of the vertices at both ends of the same edge connected by the planar coil structure unit are opposite, and when the magnetic polarities of the vertices at both ends of the same edge are the same, the planar coil structure unit is not set on the edge, and all coil structure units in the adjacent area of ​​the same vertex are connected to the same magnetic end. After energization, the overall polyhedral coil structure unit combination formed by the connection forms a characteristic magnetic field of a polyhedral Halbach permanent magnet array with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface. The polyhedral Halbach array coil combination with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface can form a uniform magnetic field inside the polyhedral Halbach permanent magnet array under certain conditions. The polyhedron is a polyhedron with equal edges and is approximately spherical, preferably a truncated icosahedron, a rhombic truncated icosahedron, and a twisted dodecahedron.

[0098] like Fig.13 The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure units of the substructure 2 without external coil extension structure are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around a certain point on the plane and connected with the same magnetic end to form a centrally symmetrical planar coil array combination. The distances from the spiral center of substructure 1 and the spiral center of substructure 3 to a certain point on the plane are not equal. After power is turned on, the plane point is the planar strong magnetic point of the coil combination. The certain point on the plane includes the spiral center of substructure 1 of the coil planar structure unit. The planar strong magnetic point can be applied to wireless power transmission, and has the characteristics of high magnetic field intensity, low leakage inductance, and high electromagnetic utilization efficiency; the planar strong magnetic point can be applied to axial flux motors and magnetic bearings. Compared with traditional coil structures, the magnetic field intensity generated by the overall coil combination is stronger, and the coil combination can generate stronger centripetal magnetic induction intensity at the axis center, and the torque generated is greater. The planar coil structure unit includes a planar coil structure unit with a straight line or arc-shaped spiral center, and a planar coil structure unit with a substructure 2 spiral outer diameter gradient increasing or decreasing, formed.

[0099] Planar strong magnetic points include vortex strong magnetic points and magnetic flux density convergence / divergence vortex strong magnetic points.

[0100] The vortex strong magnetic point is formed by a planar coil structure unit with an arc-shaped spiral center, which is arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around a certain point on the plane with the center of the substructure one spiral, and connected to the magnetic end to form a centrally symmetrical planar coil array combination after power is turned on. The distances from the center of the substructure one spiral and the center of the substructure three spiral to a certain point on the plane are not equal. The magnetic flux density convergence / divergence vortex strong magnetic point is formed by a planar coil structure unit with an arc-shaped spiral center and a substructure two spiral outer diameter gradient increasing or decreasing, which is arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around a certain point on the plane with the center of the substructure one spiral, and connected to the magnetic end to form a centrally symmetrical planar coil array combination after power is turned on. The distances from the center of the substructure one spiral and the center of the substructure three spiral to a certain point on the plane are not equal.

[0101] like Fig.14 , the planar strong magnetic point is formed by two planar coil structure units of the substructure two of the unconnected coil extension structure, with the spiral center of the substructure one as the central symmetrical connection point. After the two planar coil structure units are bent into a semicircle, the two substructures three are connected to form a ring. The strong magnetic point is located inside the ring. After power is turned on, a uniform magnetic field inside the minimum circular ring-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array can be formed. The magnetic poles are located at the substructure one and the substructure three. The internal uniform magnetic field ring is applied to wireless power transmission and has the characteristics of high magnetic field intensity, low leakage inductance, and high electromagnetic utilization efficiency; the planar coil structure of the substructure two of the unconnected coil extension structure is composed of multiple planar coil structures. The petal coil combination is composed of units, the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure one is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure two with the same spiral center, the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure two increases first and then decreases, and the outer diameter of the spiral of substructure three is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the spiral of substructure two with the same spiral center, and the two ends are small and the middle is large. The plane strong magnetic point is formed by connecting the center of the spiral of substructure one symmetrically around a certain point of the plane. After all the plane coil structure units are bent into a semicircle, all the substructures three are connected symmetrically to form a sphere. The strong magnetic point is located inside the sphere. After power is turned on, a uniform magnetic field inside the minimum spherical Halbach permanent magnet array can be formed, and the magnetic poles are located at substructure one and substructure three. The spherical internal uniform magnetic field is applied to wireless power transmission, and has the characteristics of high magnetic field intensity, low leakage inductance, and high electromagnetic utilization efficiency.

[0102] The Halbach array planar coil structural unit is characterized by a planar, polygonal cylindrical, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal, and polyhedral Halbach array planar coil mesh combination composed of a plurality of Halbach array planar coil structural units. After being energized, it can form a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field structure with strong magnetic characteristics on one side and magnetic shielding on the other side, which can be applied to the construction of magnetic shielding space. With the development of science and technology, the widespread application of electromagnetic technology and permanent magnetic materials, non-magnetic space and magnetic shielding space have attracted more and more attention from researchers. Conventional non-magnetic space and magnetic shielding space have heavy structures. The present invention uses electromagnetic coils to form the Halbach array characteristic magnetic field, which can be applied to the construction of magnetic shielding surfaces and magnetic shielding spaces. It has the characteristics of low cost, good magnetic shielding effect, thin and light space structure, and easy construction.

[0103] The magnetic shielding surface and magnetic shielding space can be composed of a plurality of Halbach array planar coil structural units, which are plane-shaped, polygonal cylindrical, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal, or polyhedral Halbach array planar coil mesh combinations, and can be assembled and customized according to the construction needs of the magnetic shielding surface and magnetic shielding space. The Halbach array planar coil mesh combination is preferably made using flexible printed circuit board technology.

[0104] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the coil structure combination formed by the Halbach array planar coil structure unit combination can replace the existing traditional double-sided polarity coil structure and be applied to electromagnetic coil systems such as wireless power transmission, motors, magnetic levitation, magnetic bearings, electromagnetic acceleration, nuclear magnetic resonance coils, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers, and electromagnetic heating. The coil structure combination can be used in conjunction with a coil structure combination composed of Halbach array planar coil structure units with opposite magnetic poles, and can also be used in conjunction with a Halbach permanent magnet array.

[0105] A coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics inside is paired with a permanent magnetic sphere with a strong magnetic surface outside, or a coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics outside is paired with a permanent magnetic sphere with a strong magnetic surface of a Halbach permanent magnetic array inside, or a coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics outside is paired with a coil polyhedron combination with strong magnetic characteristics inside, which can be used to make spherical motors.

[0106] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit and the coil combination composed of the planar coil structure unit can be connected in series, parallel or a mixed series-parallel connection.

[0107] The Halbach array planar coil structure unit is characterized in that the planar coil structure unit can be manufactured by a printed circuit board method or a planar coil splicing method.

Claims

1. Halbach array planar coil structure unit, characterized by The planar coil structure unit is composed of substructure one, substructure two, substructure three, and zero to multiple coil extension structures of substructure two. After power is applied to substructure one and substructure three, they are planar spiral coils with opposite vertical magnetic circuits. After power is applied to substructure two, the magnetic direction of the planar spiral coil has a horizontal component. The outer diameters of all spirals of substructure two are the same or different. The spiral centers of substructure one and substructure three are located at the two ends of the line connecting the spiral centers of the coils of substructure two. One or more coil extension structures of substructure two are connected and extended at one end of the substructure, or at the third end of the substructure, or at both the first end of the substructure and the third end of the substructure with the same magnetic end of substructure two. All substructures are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed way of series and parallel. The substructures are connected in a planar coil structure unit, and a Halbach permanent magnet array magnetic field structure is formed after power is turned on. The spiral centers of substructure one and substructure three are the north and south poles of the coil structure unit respectively, and the magnetic polarity of the unconnected end of substructure two is opposite to that of the connected end; the shape of the connecting line of the spiral centers of the planar coil structure unit includes a straight line and an arc; the characteristics of all spiral outer diameters of substructure two of the planar coil structure unit include equal spiral outer diameters, the spiral outer diameter first increases and then decreases, and the spiral outer diameter gradient increases or decreases; more than two planar coil structure units and their extended structures are connected with the magnetic end to form a linear or linear closed loop or mesh coil structure combination, and a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field is formed after power is turned on.

2. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The planar coil structure unit is externally connected to zero coil extension structure substructures 2, and two or more planar coil structure units are connected to the magnetic end to form a linear or linear closed loop or mesh coil structure combination, which forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after power is turned on.

3. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The coil extension structure substructure 2 is connected to the same magnetic end as the Halbach array planar coil structure unit substructure 2 which is not connected to the external coil extension structure, thereby increasing the number of magnetic poles of the coil structure unit and realizing linear closed-loop or mesh closed-loop connection of more than two Halbach array planar coil structure units or chain or mesh expansion of the coil structure units.

4. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that Substructure 2 has a magnetic circuit transfer function, and the magnetic circuit transfer includes equal magnetic flux density transfer and magnetic flux density convergence / divergence transfer. All spiral outer diameters of substructure 2 are different, including the spiral outer diameter first increasing and then decreasing, and the gradient increasing or decreasing.

5. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that After the planar coil structure unit combination is energized, a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field is formed. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field includes linear and planar Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic fields with magnetic surfaces located on the top or bottom, polygonal, annular, cylindrical, conical, polyhedral and spherical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic fields with magnetic surfaces located on the inner or outer surfaces. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field.

6. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that After the planar coil structure unit combination is energized, a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field is formed. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field includes polygonal and annular Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic fields with magnetic surfaces located on the top or bottom, polygonal, annular, cylindrical, conical, polyhedral and spherical Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic fields with magnetic surfaces located on the inner or outer surfaces, and the Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with the magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field.

7. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The bent or folded planar coil structure unit combination forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after being energized. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner or outer surface includes a polygonal, polygonal cylindrical, annular, cylindrical, spherical, or toroidal Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field.

8. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The bent or folded planar coil structure unit combination forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field after being energized. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface or the outer surface includes a polyhedron-shaped Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field. The Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field with a magnetic surface located on the inner surface includes an internal uniform magnetic field.

9. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The planar coil structure units of the substructure 2 of the unconnected coil extension structure are connected to the magnetic end at a point on the plane of the substructure one spiral center or the substructure one surround to form a planar strong magnetic point. The strong magnetic point includes a point on the plane of the substructure one spiral center or the substructure one surround. The formed planar strong magnetic point includes a magnetic flux density convergence / divergence vortex strong magnetic point; the planar strong magnetic point coil combination is bent and connected into a ring or a sphere, and the magnetic surface is located inside. After power is turned on, a uniform magnetic field inside the minimum circular Halbach permanent magnet array and a uniform magnetic field inside the minimum spherical Halbach permanent magnet array are formed.

10. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that A planar, polygonal cylindrical, cylindrical, spherical, and toroidal Halbach array planar coil mesh combination composed of multiple Halbach array planar coil structural units forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field structure when powered on, which is used in the construction of magnetic shielding surfaces and magnetic shielding spaces.

11. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that A polyhedral Halbach array planar coil mesh combination composed of multiple Halbach array planar coil structural units forms a Halbach permanent magnet array characteristic magnetic field structure when powered on, and is used in the construction of magnetic shielding surfaces and magnetic shielding spaces.

12. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The coil structure combination formed by the combination of the Halbach array planar coil structure units is applied to wireless power transmission, motors, magnetic levitation, magnetic bearings, electromagnetic acceleration, nuclear magnetic resonance coils, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers, and electromagnetic heating coil systems.

13. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The Halbach array planar coil structure unit and the coil combination composed of the Halbach array planar coil structure unit are connected in series, parallel or a series-parallel mixed connection.

14. The Halbach array planar coil structure unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The planar coil structural unit is manufactured by a printed circuit board method or a planar coil splicing method.

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