A method and system for testing electromagnetic compatibility safety of electric toys

Abstract

The present invention proposes an electromagnetic compatibility safety test method and system for electric toys, wherein the method includes: testing the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested, if the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is qualified, scanning the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz~1GHz and recording; recording and testing the radiated emission of the equipment, if the radiated emission is qualified, then ending the test, if the radiated emission is unqualified, comparing the radiation intensity of the over-standard frequency, then measuring the common mode current of each cable at the over-standard frequency, observing whether there is a common mode current, if there is no common mode current, then testing the radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested, if the radiated emission is qualified, then ending the test. Through this method and the corresponding system, the test method can be determined according to the characteristics of the product, the overall test efficiency can be improved, the test accuracy can be enhanced, and the electromagnetic compatibility of electric toys can be comprehensively and systematically evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety test method and system for electric toys, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility testing of electric toys. Background Art

[0002] When conducting safety and intelligence testing, especially when testing electrical products, it is very necessary to include electromagnetic compatibility testing, which helps to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the product in electromagnetic environments and its tolerance to these environments to ensure the safety and reliability of the product.

[0003] Electromagnetic compatibility, or EMC, refers to the ability of electronic devices and systems to operate normally in the electromagnetic environment they inhabit without degrading performance and causing unacceptable electromagnetic interference to anything in that environment. However, existing EMC testing methods typically use a fixed set of preset frequencies when testing electromagnetic emissions, or use fixed values ​​when defining the near-field and far-field regions of electromagnetic emissions. This fails to tailor testing methods to product characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing method and system for electric toys to solve the above-mentioned problems:

[0005] The present invention proposes a method for electromagnetic compatibility safety testing of electric toys, the method comprising:

[0006] Test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test. If the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is qualified, scan the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz and record it;

[0007] Record the radiated emission of the test equipment. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiated emission is unqualified, compare the radiation intensity of the exceeded frequency, then measure the common mode current of each cable at the exceeded frequency, and observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, then test the radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated.

[0008] Furthermore, the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is tested. If the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is qualified, the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz is scanned and recorded, including:

[0009] Connecting a power input terminal of the electric toy to an input terminal of a test receiver via a cable, wherein the test receiver receives a conducted emission signal of the electric toy in a near field area and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver;

[0010] If the conducted emission signal of the electric toy under test is less than the preset conducted emission standard, first use a wideband scanning tool to quickly scan the frequency range from 50 MHz to 1 GHz with a frequency step size Sinit to identify the frequency band where the conducted emission intensity exceeds the preset threshold T as the key frequency band;

[0011] For the key frequency band, a fine scan is performed by transitioning from Sinit to Smin through a frequency step model;

[0012] The electric toy to be tested is scanned according to the frequency step model, and the conducted emission signals of the electric toy to be tested are recorded.

[0013] Furthermore, the frequency step model includes:

[0014] The frequency step model is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, S key is the actual frequency step size within the key frequency band, i.e., the frequency scanning step size used for the key frequency band during the adaptive scanning phase, S init is the initial frequency step size of the full sweep phase, i.e. the sweep step size used for the entire frequency range at the beginning of the test,

[0017] S min is the minimum frequency step size, used for finer frequency scanning within the critical frequency band, I is the electromagnetic radiation intensity detected within the frequency band, T is the preset threshold of the conducted emission intensity, used to determine which frequency bands are critical, and Imax is the maximum conducted emission intensity detected during the full scan phase, that is, the strongest electromagnetic radiation intensity detected in the entire frequency range.

[0018] Furthermore, the power input terminal of the electric toy is connected to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. The test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver, including:

[0019] The partition model divides the near field range. Specifically, the partition model is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, r is used to divide the near-field and far-field areas of electromagnetic interference, D is the diameter of the electronic toy to be tested, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, α, β and γ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to quantify the influence of the shape, material and cable of the electric toy on the propagation of the electromagnetic field, s is the shape factor of the electric toy, m is the material factor of the electric toy, and c is the cable factor of the electric toy.

[0022] The power input terminal of the electric toy is connected to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. The test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset standard in the test receiver.

[0023] Furthermore, the radiated emission of the post-test equipment is recorded. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiated emission is unqualified, the radiation intensity of the frequency exceeding the standard is compared, and then the common mode current of each cable at the frequency exceeding the standard is measured to observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, the radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested is then tested. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated, including:

[0024] After recording, within the far field Internally test the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiation emission is less than the preset radiation emission standard, the electric toy passes the electromagnetic compatibility test;

[0025] If the radiated emission is greater than the preset radiated emission standard, continue to compare whether the radiation intensity amplitude of the frequency exceeding the standard is greater than the preset amplitude. If it is greater than the preset amplitude, continue to test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test;

[0026] If the magnitude of the radiation intensity of the exceeding frequency is less than a preset magnitude, measuring the precise frequency of the exceeding frequency emission and recording the precise frequency;

[0027] After recording, measure the common mode current of each cable of the electric toy at the frequency exceeding the standard. If there is common mode current, take measures to eliminate the common mode current. After eliminating the common mode current, Use a near-field probe to check for leakage in the chassis and eliminate the source of leakage. Continue to test the radiated emission of the electric toy until the radiated emission of the electric toy is less than the preset radiated emission standard.

[0028] The present invention proposes an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for electric toys, which includes:

[0029] Conducted emission test module, used to test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test. If the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is qualified, the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz is scanned and recorded;

[0030] The radiation emission test module is used to record the radiation emission of the post-test equipment. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiation emission is unqualified, the radiation intensity of the exceeded frequency is compared, and then the common mode current of each cable at the exceeded frequency is measured to observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested is tested. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated.

[0031] Furthermore, the conducted emission test module includes:

[0032] a receiving and comparing module, configured to connect a power input terminal of the electric toy to an input terminal of a test receiver via a cable, wherein the test receiver receives a conducted emission signal of the electric toy in a near field and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver;

[0033] Identify the key frequency band module. If the conducted emission signal of the electric toy under test is less than the preset conducted emission standard, first use a wideband scanning tool to quickly scan the range of 50 MHz to 1 GHz with a frequency step size Sinit to identify the frequency band where the conducted emission intensity exceeds the preset threshold T as the key frequency band;

[0034] A fine scanning module, configured to perform fine scanning on the key frequency band by transitioning from Sinit to Smin through a frequency step model;

[0035] The conducted emission recording module is used to scan the electric toy to be tested according to the frequency step model and record the conducted emission signals of the electric toy to be tested.

[0036] Furthermore, the receiving and comparing module includes:

[0037] The partitioning module is used to divide the near field area into two parts by the partitioning model. Specifically, the partitioning model is:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, r is used to divide the near-field and far-field areas of electromagnetic interference, D is the diameter of the electronic toy to be tested, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, α, β and γ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to quantify the influence of the shape, material and cable of the electric toy on the propagation of the electromagnetic field, s is the shape factor of the electric toy, m is the material factor of the electric toy, and c is the cable factor of the electric toy.

[0040] The comparison module is used to connect the power input terminal of the electric toy to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. The test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset standard in the test receiver.

[0041] Furthermore, the radiation emission test module includes:

[0042] Comparison of radiation emission modules for recording in the far field Internally test the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiation emission is less than the preset radiation emission standard, the electric toy passes the electromagnetic compatibility test;

[0043] The radiation intensity amplitude comparison module is used to compare whether the radiation intensity amplitude of the frequency exceeding the standard is greater than the preset amplitude if the radiation emission is greater than the preset radiation emission standard. If it is greater than the preset amplitude, the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is continued to be tested;

[0044] A precise frequency recording module is used to measure the precise frequency of the excessive emission and record the precise frequency if the amplitude of the radiation intensity of the excessive frequency is less than a preset amplitude;

[0045] The common mode current elimination module is used to record and measure the common mode current of each cable of the electric toy at the frequency exceeding the standard. If there is common mode current, measures are taken to eliminate the common mode current. After the common mode current is eliminated, the module is used to eliminate the common mode current in the near field. Use a near-field probe to check for leakage in the chassis and eliminate the source of leakage. Continue to test the radiated emission of the electric toy until the radiated emission of the electric toy is less than the preset radiated emission standard.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: improving test efficiency. By using different frequency steps in different frequency bands, the scanning time on non-critical frequency bands can be reduced while maintaining sufficient test accuracy, thereby improving overall test efficiency; enhancing test accuracy. By using smaller frequency steps for fine scanning in critical frequency bands, frequency bands with higher conducted emission intensities can be more accurately identified, thereby more accurately evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of products. The design of the formula helps to achieve adaptive frequency step adjustment, thereby improving test efficiency, accuracy and flexibility. By smoothly transitioning the frequency step, it can ensure the continuity and integrity of the test process while reducing test time and cost. The test points and test range can be determined more accurately, and the electromagnetic compatibility of electric toys can be comprehensively and systematically evaluated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing method for electric toys according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0049] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for electromagnetic compatibility safety testing of an electric toy, characterized in that the method comprises:

[0050] Test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test. If the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is qualified, scan the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz and record it;

[0051] Record the radiated emission of the test equipment. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiated emission is unqualified, compare the radiation intensity of the exceeded frequency, then measure the common mode current of each cable at the exceeded frequency, and observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, then test the radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated.

[0052] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: Conducted emissions testing is performed on the electric toy under test to confirm whether its conducted emissions meet the standards within the 50MHz to 1GHz range. Conducted emissions are electromagnetic noise transmitted by electronic devices through conductors such as power lines and signal lines. If this noise is excessive, it may interfere with the normal operation of other devices. If the conducted emissions of the electric toy under test meet the standards, the relevant data is recorded. This data can be used for subsequent product optimization or as proof of compliance with relevant standards. Radiated emissions testing is then performed. Radiated emissions are electromagnetic noise transmitted through space by electronic devices. If this noise is excessive, it may also interfere with the normal operation of other devices. If the radiated emissions fail the standards, the frequencies exceeding the standards are identified and the radiation intensity at these frequencies is compared. This helps locate the problem and identify the source of the excessive electromagnetic noise. The common-mode current of each cable is then measured at the frequencies exceeding the standards. Common-mode current is current flowing in the same direction in two conductors and can generate electromagnetic interference. Observing the presence of common-mode current can help determine whether the electromagnetic noise is caused by this common-mode current. If there is no common-mode current, or the common-mode current issue has been addressed, the radiated emissions test is repeated. If the radiated emissions pass at this point, the test ends. This technical solution comprehensively evaluates the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric toy under test, including both conducted and radiated emissions. This ensures that the electric toy under test does not cause excessive interference to other equipment during normal operation. By recording and comparing data, electromagnetic compatibility issues can be identified, providing a basis for subsequent product optimization. By measuring common-mode current, electromagnetic interference issues can be further located and resolved. This improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric toy under test and reduces its risk of interference with other equipment. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the radiated emissions of the electric toy under test meet the requirements of relevant standards and regulations, allowing it to be safely and reliably put into market use.

[0053] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing method for an electric toy, which tests the conducted emission of the electric toy under test. If the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is qualified, the conducted emission in the range of 50 MHz to 1 GHz is scanned and recorded, including:

[0054] Connecting a power input terminal of the electric toy to an input terminal of a test receiver via a cable, wherein the test receiver receives a conducted emission signal of the electric toy in a near field area and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver;

[0055] If the conducted emission signal of the electric toy under test is less than the preset conducted emission standard, first use a wideband scanning tool to quickly scan the frequency range from 50 MHz to 1 GHz with a frequency step size Sinit to identify the frequency band where the conducted emission intensity exceeds the preset threshold T as the key frequency band;

[0056] For the key frequency band, a fine scan is performed by transitioning from Sinit to Smin through a frequency step model;

[0057] The electric toy to be tested is scanned according to the frequency step model, and the conducted emission signals of the electric toy to be tested are recorded.

[0058] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: the power input of the electric toy is connected to the input of a test receiver via a cable. The test receiver is set in the near-field to accurately receive the electric toy's conducted emission signals. The test receiver receives the electric toy's conducted emission signals and compares them with the receiver's preset conducted emission standards. These preset standards are typically based on relevant electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations or industry standards. If the conducted emission signals of the electric toy under test are less than the preset conducted emission standards, the conducted emission level is within the acceptable range. A wideband scanning tool is then used to quickly scan the range from 50 MHz to 1 GHz with an initial frequency step size Sinit. This step aims to quickly identify frequency bands where the conducted emission intensity exceeds a preset threshold T. These frequency bands are considered critical bands. For identified critical bands, a frequency step model is used to transition from the initial Sinit to a smaller frequency step size Smin for a refined scan. Refined scanning provides more detailed and accurate spectral information, facilitating further analysis and location of potential electromagnetic interference issues. The electric toy under test is scanned according to the frequency step model, and its conducted emission signals are recorded. These records can be used for subsequent analysis, reporting, and compliance verification.

[0059] The above technical solution effectively evaluates the conducted emission performance of electric toys, ensuring compliance with relevant electromagnetic compatibility standards. By comparing actual conducted emission signals with preset standards, it is possible to quickly determine whether the electric toy meets compliance requirements. By combining wideband scanning with fine-grained scanning, the solution accurately identifies critical frequency bands and conducts more in-depth analysis of these bands. This helps locate and resolve potential electromagnetic interference issues, improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the product. Scanning using a frequency step model provides more detailed and accurate spectrum information. This approach is more flexible and accurate than traditional fixed-step scanning, especially when dealing with complex electromagnetic environments. Ultimately, this technical solution helps ensure the safety and reliability of electric toys in the market. By reducing the risk of electromagnetic interference, the user experience can be improved and the possibility of interference with other devices can be reduced.

[0060] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing method for an electric toy, wherein the frequency step model includes:

[0061] The frequency step model is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, S key is the actual frequency step size within the key frequency band, i.e., the frequency scanning step size used for the key frequency band during the adaptive scanning phase, S init is the initial frequency step size of the full sweep phase, i.e. the sweep step size used for the entire frequency range at the beginning of the test,

[0064] S min is the minimum frequency step size, used for finer frequency scanning within the critical frequency band, I is the electromagnetic radiation intensity detected within the frequency band, T is the preset threshold of the conducted emission intensity, used to determine which frequency bands are critical, and Imax is the maximum conducted emission intensity detected during the full scan phase, that is, the strongest electromagnetic radiation intensity detected in the entire frequency range.

[0065] The working principle of the above technical solution is: the formula dynamically adjusts the frequency step size based on the conducted emission strength. It first performs a full scan, using the initial frequency step size S init to quickly check the entire frequency band. Then, it identifies the critical frequency bands where the conducted emission intensity exceeds the threshold T. For the critical frequency bands, the formula uses an interpolation method to smoothly adjust the frequency step size. When the conducted emission intensity I in the critical frequency band is close to the maximum conducted emission intensity Imax detected in the full scan, the frequency step size S key Will gradually approach the minimum value S min, thus achieving fine scanning. This adjustment is achieved through the fractional term in the formula, which dynamically adjusts the step size according to the relative position between I and Imax. For non-critical frequency bands, the formula uses a larger frequency step size S init Perform quick scans to improve testing efficiency.

[0066] The effects of the above technical solutions are: improving test efficiency. By using different frequency step sizes in different frequency bands, the scanning time on non-critical frequency bands can be reduced while maintaining sufficient test accuracy, thereby improving overall test efficiency; enhancing test accuracy. Using smaller frequency step sizes for fine scanning in critical frequency bands can more accurately identify frequency bands with higher conducted emission intensities, thereby more accurately evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of products. This formula can adjust the frequency step size according to different conducted emission intensities, so it has strong adaptability. It can be optimized and adjusted according to specific application scenarios and test requirements to meet different test needs. The formula provides a smooth transition between full scanning and fine scanning by interpolation. As the conducted emission intensity I increases from a lower value to near the maximum value Imax, the frequency step size S key It will start from the initial value S init Gradually decrease to the minimum value S min . This continuity ensures that the test process will not be discontinuous or missed due to sudden changes in frequency step size. The formula allows the test system to dynamically adjust the frequency step size based on the real-time conducted emission intensity. This means that it can adaptively optimize the test process according to different test objects and environmental conditions. For example, if the conducted emission of a device is mainly concentrated in a certain frequency band and has a high intensity, the test system can use a smaller frequency step size within this frequency band to capture more details. In summary, the design of this formula helps to achieve adaptive frequency step size adjustment, thereby improving test efficiency, accuracy and flexibility. By smoothly transitioning the frequency step size, it can ensure the continuity and integrity of the test process while reducing test time and cost.

[0067] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing method for an electric toy. The method includes connecting a power input terminal of the electric toy to an input terminal of a test receiver via a cable. The test receiver receives a conducted emission signal from the electric toy and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver. The method includes:

[0068] The partition model divides the near field range. Specifically, the partition model is:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, r is used to divide the near-field and far-field areas of electromagnetic interference, D is the diameter of the electronic toy to be tested, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, α, β and γ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to quantify the influence of the shape, material and cable of the electric toy on the propagation of the electromagnetic field, s is the shape factor of the electric toy, m is the material factor of the electric toy, and c is the cable factor of the electric toy.

[0071] The power input terminal of the electric toy is connected to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. The test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset standard in the test receiver.

[0072] The shape factor can be defined based on the shape of the toy. For example, for a spherical toy, the shape factor may be close to 1; for a flat toy, the shape factor may be less than 1. The material factor can take into account the conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effect of the main materials of the toy. Materials with good conductivity (such as metal) may increase the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing the range of the near-field zone. This factor can be quantified by the conductivity or shielding effectiveness of the material. The cable factor can reflect the layout and length of the cables inside the toy. Long cables or unshielded cables may increase electromagnetic interference in the near-field zone. This factor can be defined based on the total length of the cable, the shielding effect, and the complexity of the layout.

[0073] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: The partitioning model aims to more accurately calculate the boundary distance between the near-field and far-field zones of electromagnetic interference based on the physical characteristics of electrical toys (such as shape, material, and cable layout). It is based on basic electromagnetic field propagation theory and takes into account factors unique to electrical toys. The various components in the formula represent different influencing factors: 2D² / λ represents the relationship between the basic size of the source and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. This is a fundamental relationship in electromagnetic field propagation, where the source size and wavelength determine the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field. The shape factor reflects the impact of the toy's shape on the electromagnetic field distribution. Different shapes lead to different electromagnetic field distributions, so this factor is used to adjust the boundary distance to account for the shape effect. The material factor considers the attenuation and shielding effect of the toy material on electromagnetic waves. The material's conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties affect the propagation of the electromagnetic field, so this factor is used to quantify the material's impact on the boundary distance. The cable factor reflects the impact of the cable layout inside the toy on the electromagnetic field distribution. The cable length, shielding effectiveness, and layout complexity can all affect the distribution of electromagnetic interference, so this factor is used to adjust the boundary distance to account for the cable's influence.

[0074] The effect of the above technical solution is that the adjusted boundary distance formula can more accurately predict the boundary distance between the near-field and far-field regions of electromagnetic interference generated by electrical toys. This is of great significance for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical toys, optimizing electromagnetic interference control measures, and ensuring product compliance with relevant standards and regulations. By calculating the boundary distance r, this formula can help predict the potential impact area of ​​electromagnetic interference generated by electrical toys. This is crucial for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of toys. The material factor in the formula emphasizes the importance of material selection in electromagnetic interference control. By selecting suitable conductive materials and materials with good electromagnetic shielding properties, electromagnetic wave leakage can be reduced, thereby reducing the scope of the near-field region. This is important for designing electrical toys with good electromagnetic shielding. Optimizing cable layout. The cable factor in the formula reflects the impact of cable layout on electromagnetic interference distribution. By optimizing cable length, adding shielding layers, and simplifying layout complexity, the intensity of electromagnetic interference can be reduced, thereby reducing the scope of the near-field region. This is crucial for reducing electromagnetic interference generated by cables within electrical toys. This formula can serve as an auxiliary tool for electromagnetic compatibility testing. By calculating the demarcation distance, the test points and test range can be more accurately determined, leading to more effective assessments of the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical toys. Furthermore, the correction factor in the formula can be determined using experimental data, further improving test accuracy and reliability. This adjusted demarcation distance formula provides a useful tool for electromagnetic compatibility analysis and testing of electrical toys. It takes into account the shape, material, and cable layout of the electrical toy, enabling more accurate predictions of the range and impact of electromagnetic interference. By applying this formula, electromagnetic compatibility can be predicted and optimized during the product design phase, mitigating potential electromagnetic interference issues.

[0075] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing method for an electric toy. The method records the radiated emission of a test device. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiated emission is unqualified, the radiation intensity at the frequency exceeding the standard is compared. The common-mode current of each cable at the frequency exceeding the standard is then measured to observe whether there is common-mode current. If there is no common-mode current, the radiated emission of the electric toy under test is then tested. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated. The method includes:

[0076] After recording, within the far field Internally test the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiation emission is less than the preset radiation emission standard, the electromagnetic compatibility test of the electric toy is qualified;

[0077] If the radiated emission is greater than the preset radiated emission standard, continue to compare whether the radiation intensity amplitude of the frequency exceeding the standard is greater than the preset amplitude. If it is greater than the preset amplitude, continue to test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test;

[0078] If the magnitude of the radiation intensity of the exceeding frequency is less than a preset magnitude, measuring the precise frequency of the exceeding frequency emission and recording the precise frequency;

[0079] After recording, measure the common mode current of each cable of the electric toy at the frequency exceeding the standard. If there is common mode current, take measures to eliminate the common mode current. After eliminating the common mode current, Use a near-field probe to check for leakage in the chassis and eliminate the source of leakage. Continue to test the radiated emission of the electric toy until the radiated emission of the electric toy is less than the preset radiated emission standard.

[0080] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: First, the radiated emissions of the electric toy are tested in the far field. The measured radiated emissions are compared with the preset radiated emission standard. If the radiated emissions are below the standard, the electric toy passes the electromagnetic compatibility test. If the radiated emissions exceed the preset standard, further analysis is required to determine whether the exceeding standards are caused by a few high-amplitude frequencies or the accumulation of multiple low-amplitude frequencies. If the radiated intensity amplitude of the exceeding standards is greater than the preset amplitude, the exceeding standards may be caused by conducted emissions within the electric toy. Therefore, further testing of the electric toy's conducted emissions is required. If the radiated intensity amplitude of the exceeding standards is less than the preset amplitude, the precise frequency of the exceeding standards is measured and recorded. This facilitates subsequent targeted optimization and improvement of the electric toy. The common-mode current of each cable in the electric toy is measured at the exceeding standards frequency. Common-mode current is a common source of electromagnetic interference. If not controlled, it may interfere with surrounding equipment. Therefore, if common-mode current is present, measures must be taken to eliminate it. After eliminating the common-mode current, a near-field probe is used in the near field to check for leakage within the chassis. The purpose of this step is to identify and eliminate potential sources of electromagnetic leakage. Once the source is eliminated, the radiated emissions of the electric toy are tested again until they are below the preset radiated emission standard. This step ensures that the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric toy is effectively improved.

[0081] The effects of the above technical solution are: improving accuracy, through a phased, step-by-step testing method, the electromagnetic compatibility of electric toys can be more accurately evaluated; taking different treatment measures for different test results helps to more accurately locate the problem and provide guidance for subsequent improvements; this method ensures that the testing process complies with preset standards, ensuring that electric toys meet the specified requirements in terms of electromagnetic compatibility; from far-field to near-field, and then to common-mode current and near-field leakage detection, the test covers a wider range, comprehensively and systematically evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of electric toys. Overall, this phased, regional testing method not only improves the comprehensiveness and depth of the test, but also provides a solution for troubleshooting electromagnetic compatibility problems of electric toys in complex environments.

[0082] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for electric toys, the electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for electric toys comprising:

[0083] Conducted emission test module, used to test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test. If the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is qualified, the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz is scanned and recorded;

[0084] The radiation emission test module is used to record the radiation emission of the post-test equipment. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiation emission is unqualified, the radiation intensity of the exceeded frequency is compared, and then the common mode current of each cable at the exceeded frequency is measured to observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested is tested. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated.

[0085] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: Conducted emissions testing is performed on the electric toy under test to confirm whether its conducted emissions meet the standards within the 50MHz to 1GHz range. Conducted emissions are electromagnetic noise transmitted by electronic devices through conductors such as power lines and signal lines. If this noise is excessive, it may interfere with the normal operation of other devices. If the conducted emissions of the electric toy under test meet the standards, the relevant data is recorded. This data can be used for subsequent product optimization or as proof of compliance with relevant standards. Radiated emissions testing is then performed. Radiated emissions are electromagnetic noise transmitted through space by electronic devices. If this noise is excessive, it may also interfere with the normal operation of other devices. If the radiated emissions fail the standards, the frequencies exceeding the standards are identified and the radiation intensity at these frequencies is compared. This helps locate the problem and identify the source of the excessive electromagnetic noise. The common-mode current of each cable is then measured at the frequencies exceeding the standards. Common-mode current is current flowing in the same direction in two conductors and can generate electromagnetic interference. Observing the presence of common-mode current can help determine whether the electromagnetic noise is caused by this common-mode current. If there is no common-mode current, or the common-mode current issue has been addressed, the radiated emissions test is repeated. If the radiated emissions pass at this point, the test ends. This technical solution comprehensively evaluates the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric toy under test, including both conducted and radiated emissions. This ensures that the electric toy under test does not cause excessive interference to other equipment during normal operation. By recording and comparing data, electromagnetic compatibility issues can be identified, providing a basis for subsequent product optimization. By measuring common-mode current, electromagnetic interference issues can be further located and resolved. This improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric toy under test and reduces its risk of interference with other equipment. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the radiated emissions of the electric toy under test meet the requirements of relevant standards and regulations, allowing it to be safely and reliably put into market use.

[0086] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for electric toys, wherein the conducted emission testing module includes:

[0087] a receiving and comparing module, configured to connect a power input terminal of the electric toy to an input terminal of a test receiver via a cable, wherein the test receiver receives a conducted emission signal of the electric toy in a near field and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver;

[0088] Identify the key frequency band module. If the conducted emission signal of the electric toy under test is less than the preset conducted emission standard, first use a wideband scanning tool to quickly scan the range of 50 MHz to 1 GHz with a frequency step size Sinit to identify the frequency band where the conducted emission intensity exceeds the preset threshold T as the key frequency band;

[0089] A fine scanning module, configured to perform fine scanning on the key frequency band by transitioning from Sinit to Smin through a frequency step model;

[0090] The conducted emission recording module is used to scan the electric toy to be tested according to the frequency step model and record the conducted emission signals of the electric toy to be tested.

[0091] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: the power input of the electric toy is connected to the input of a test receiver via a cable. The test receiver is set in the near-field to accurately receive the electric toy's conducted emission signals. The test receiver receives the electric toy's conducted emission signals and compares them with the receiver's preset conducted emission standards. These preset standards are typically based on relevant electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations or industry standards. If the conducted emission signals of the electric toy under test are less than the preset conducted emission standards, the conducted emission level is within the acceptable range. A wideband scanning tool is then used to quickly scan the range from 50 MHz to 1 GHz with an initial frequency step size Sinit. This step aims to quickly identify frequency bands where the conducted emission intensity exceeds a preset threshold T. These frequency bands are considered critical bands. For identified critical bands, a frequency step model is used to transition from the initial Sinit to a smaller frequency step size Smin for a refined scan. Refined scanning provides more detailed and accurate spectral information, facilitating further analysis and location of potential electromagnetic interference issues. The electric toy under test is scanned according to the frequency step model, and its conducted emission signals are recorded. These records can be used for subsequent analysis, reporting, and compliance verification.

[0092] The above technical solution effectively evaluates the conducted emission performance of electric toys, ensuring compliance with relevant electromagnetic compatibility standards. By comparing actual conducted emission signals with preset standards, it is possible to quickly determine whether the electric toy meets compliance requirements. By combining wideband scanning with fine-grained scanning, the solution accurately identifies critical frequency bands and conducts more in-depth analysis of these bands. This helps locate and resolve potential electromagnetic interference issues, improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the product. Scanning using a frequency step model provides more detailed and accurate spectrum information. This approach is more flexible and accurate than traditional fixed-step scanning, especially when dealing with complex electromagnetic environments. Ultimately, this technical solution helps ensure the safety and reliability of electric toys in the market. By reducing the risk of electromagnetic interference, the user experience can be improved and the possibility of interference with other devices can be reduced.

[0093] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for an electric toy, wherein the receiving and comparing module includes:

[0094] The partitioning module is used to divide the near field area into two parts by the partitioning model. Specifically, the partitioning model is:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, r is used to divide the near-field and far-field areas of electromagnetic interference, D is the diameter of the electronic toy to be tested, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, α, β and γ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to quantify the influence of the shape, material and cable of the electric toy on the propagation of the electromagnetic field, s is the shape factor of the electric toy, m is the material factor of the electric toy, and c is the cable factor of the electric toy.

[0097] The comparison module is used to connect the power input terminal of the electric toy to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. The test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset standard in the test receiver.

[0098] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: The partitioning model aims to more accurately calculate the boundary distance between the near-field and far-field zones of electromagnetic interference based on the physical characteristics of electrical toys (such as shape, material, and cable layout). It is based on basic electromagnetic field propagation theory and takes into account factors unique to electrical toys. The various components in the formula represent different influencing factors: 2D² / λ represents the relationship between the basic size of the source and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. This is a fundamental relationship in electromagnetic field propagation, where the source size and wavelength determine the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field. The shape factor reflects the impact of the toy's shape on the electromagnetic field distribution. Different shapes lead to different electromagnetic field distributions, so this factor is used to adjust the boundary distance to account for the shape effect. The material factor considers the attenuation and shielding effect of the toy material on electromagnetic waves. The material's conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties affect the propagation of the electromagnetic field, so this factor is used to quantify the material's impact on the boundary distance. The cable factor reflects the impact of the cable layout inside the toy on the electromagnetic field distribution. The cable length, shielding effectiveness, and layout complexity can all affect the distribution of electromagnetic interference, so this factor is used to adjust the boundary distance to account for the cable's influence.

[0099] The above technical solution achieves this by using the adjusted demarcation distance formula to more accurately predict the demarcation distance between the near-field and far-field regions of electromagnetic interference generated by electrical toys. This is crucial for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical toys, optimizing electromagnetic interference control measures, and ensuring product compliance with relevant standards and regulations. By calculating the demarcation distance r, this formula can help predict the potential impact area of ​​electromagnetic interference generated by electrical toys. This is crucial for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of toys. The material factor in the formula emphasizes the importance of material selection in electromagnetic interference control. By selecting suitable conductive materials and materials with good electromagnetic shielding properties, electromagnetic wave leakage can be reduced, thereby reducing the range of the near-field region. This is important for designing electrical toys with effective electromagnetic shielding. The cable factor in the formula reflects the impact of cable layout on electromagnetic interference distribution. By optimizing cable length, adding shielding layers, and simplifying layout complexity, the intensity of electromagnetic interference can be reduced, thereby reducing the range of the near-field region. This is crucial for reducing electromagnetic interference generated by cables within electrical toys. This formula can serve as an auxiliary tool for electromagnetic compatibility testing. By calculating the demarcation distance, test points and test ranges can be more accurately determined, leading to more effective electromagnetic compatibility assessments of electrical toys. Furthermore, the correction factor in the formula can be determined using experimental data, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the test. This adjusted demarcation distance formula provides a useful tool for electromagnetic compatibility analysis and testing of electrical toys. It takes into account the shape, material, and cable layout of the electrical toy, enabling more accurate predictions of the range and impact of electromagnetic interference. By applying this formula, electromagnetic compatibility can be predicted and optimized during the product design phase, mitigating potential electromagnetic interference issues.

[0100] One embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for electric toys, wherein the radiation emission testing module includes:

[0101] Comparison of radiation emission modules for recording in the far field Internally test the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiation emission is less than the preset radiation emission standard, the electromagnetic compatibility test of the electric toy is qualified;

[0102] The radiation intensity amplitude comparison module is used to compare whether the radiation intensity amplitude of the frequency exceeding the standard is greater than the preset amplitude if the radiation emission is greater than the preset radiation emission standard. If it is greater than the preset amplitude, the conducted emission of the electric toy under test is continued to be tested;

[0103] A precise frequency recording module is used to measure the precise frequency of the excessive emission and record the precise frequency if the amplitude of the radiation intensity of the excessive frequency is less than a preset amplitude;

[0104] The common mode current elimination module is used to record and measure the common mode current of each cable of the electric toy at the frequency exceeding the standard. If there is common mode current, measures are taken to eliminate the common mode current. After the common mode current is eliminated, the module is used to eliminate the common mode current in the near field. Use a near-field probe to check for leakage in the chassis and eliminate the source of leakage. Continue to test the radiated emission of the electric toy until the radiated emission of the electric toy is less than the preset radiated emission standard.

[0105] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: First, the radiated emissions of the electric toy are tested in the far field. The measured radiated emissions are compared with the preset radiated emission standard. If the radiated emissions are below the standard, the electric toy passes the electromagnetic compatibility test. If the radiated emissions exceed the preset standard, further analysis is required to determine whether the exceeding standards are caused by a few high-amplitude frequencies or the accumulation of multiple low-amplitude frequencies. If the radiated intensity amplitude of the exceeding standards is greater than the preset amplitude, the exceeding standards may be caused by conducted emissions within the electric toy. Therefore, further testing of the electric toy's conducted emissions is required. If the radiated intensity amplitude of the exceeding standards is less than the preset amplitude, the precise frequency of the exceeding standards is measured and recorded. This facilitates subsequent targeted optimization and improvement of the electric toy. The common-mode current of each cable in the electric toy is measured at the exceeding standards frequency. Common-mode current is a common source of electromagnetic interference. If not controlled, it may interfere with surrounding equipment. Therefore, if common-mode current is present, measures must be taken to eliminate it. After eliminating the common-mode current, a near-field probe is used in the near field to check for leakage within the chassis. The purpose of this step is to identify and eliminate potential sources of electromagnetic leakage. Once the source is eliminated, the radiated emissions of the electric toy are tested again until they are below the preset radiated emission standard. This step ensures that the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric toy is effectively improved.

[0106] The effects of the above technical solution are: improving accuracy, through a phased, step-by-step testing method, the electromagnetic compatibility of electric toys can be more accurately evaluated; taking different treatment measures for different test results helps to more accurately locate the problem and provide guidance for subsequent improvements; this method ensures that the testing process complies with preset standards, ensuring that electric toys meet the specified requirements in terms of electromagnetic compatibility; from far-field to near-field, and then to common-mode current and near-field leakage detection, the test covers a wider range, comprehensively and systematically evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of electric toys. Overall, this phased, regional testing method not only improves the comprehensiveness and depth of the test, but also provides a solution for troubleshooting electromagnetic compatibility problems of electric toys in complex environments.

[0107] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for testing the electromagnetic compatibility safety of electric toys, characterized in that: The method comprises: Test the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is qualified, scan the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz and record it; Record the radiation emission of the test equipment. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiation emission is unqualified, compare the radiation intensity of the frequency exceeding the standard, then measure the common mode current of each cable at the frequency exceeding the standard, and observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, then test the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated. Among them, test the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is qualified, scan the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz and record it, including: Connecting the power input terminal of the electric toy to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable, the test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy in the near field area and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver, including: The partition model divides the near field range. Specifically, the partition model is: Among them, r is used to divide the near field and far field of electromagnetic interference, D is the diameter of the electronic toy to be tested, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, α, β and γ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to quantify the influence of the shape, material and cable of the electric toy on the propagation of the electromagnetic field, s is the shape factor of the electric toy, m is the material factor of the electric toy, and c is the cable factor of the electric toy. The power input terminal of the electric toy is connected to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. receiving a conducted emission signal of the electric toy and comparing the conducted emission signal with a preset standard in a test receiver; If the conducted emission signal of the electric toy to be tested is less than the preset conducted emission standard, first use a wideband scanning tool to quickly scan in the range of 50 MHz to 1 GHz with a frequency step length Sinit to identify the frequency band where the conducted emission intensity exceeds the preset threshold value T as the key frequency band; For the key frequency band, a fine scan is performed by transitioning from Sinit to Smin through a frequency step model; The electric toy to be tested is scanned according to the frequency step model, and the conducted emission signals of the electric toy to be tested are recorded. Specifically, the frequency step model is: Among them, S key is the actual frequency step size within the key frequency band, i.e., the frequency scanning step size used for the key frequency band in the adaptive scanning phase, S init is the initial frequency step size of the full sweep phase, i.e. the sweep step size used for the entire frequency range at the beginning of the test, S min is the minimum frequency step size, used for more refined frequency scanning within the critical frequency band, I is the electromagnetic radiation intensity detected within the frequency band, T is the preset threshold of the conducted emission intensity, used to determine which frequency bands are critical frequency bands, and Imax is the maximum conducted emission intensity detected during the comprehensive scanning phase, that is, the strongest electromagnetic radiation intensity detected in the entire frequency range.

2. According to claim 1, a method for testing the electromagnetic compatibility safety of electric toys, characterized in that: Record the radiated emission of the test equipment. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiated emission is unqualified, compare the radiation intensity of the frequency exceeding the standard, then measure the common mode current of each cable at the frequency exceeding the standard, and observe whether there is common mode current. If there is no common mode current, then test the radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the radiated emission is qualified, the test is terminated, including: After recording, within the far field The radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested is tested internally. If the radiated emission is less than the preset radiated emission standard, the electromagnetic compatibility test of the electric toy is qualified; If the radiated emission is greater than the preset radiated emission standard, continue to compare whether the radiation intensity amplitude of the frequency exceeding the standard is greater than the preset amplitude. If it is greater than the preset amplitude, continue to test the conducted emission of the electric toy under test; If the radiation intensity amplitude of the excessive frequency is less than the preset amplitude, the precise frequency of the excessive emission is measured and the precise frequency is recorded; After recording, measure the common mode current of each cable of the electric toy at the frequency exceeding the standard. If there is common mode current, take measures to eliminate it. After eliminating the common mode current, Use a near-field probe to check for leakage in the chassis and eliminate the source of leakage, and continue to test the radiated emission of the electric toy until the radiated emission of the electric toy is less than the preset radiated emission standard.

3. An electromagnetic compatibility safety test system for electric toys, characterized in that: The electric toy electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system comprises: Conducted emission test module, used to test the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested. If the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is qualified, the conducted emission in the range of 50MHz to 1GHz is scanned and recorded; The radiation emission test module is used to record the radiation emission of the post-test equipment. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated. If the radiation emission is unqualified, the radiation intensity of the frequency exceeding the standard is compared, and then the common mode current of each cable at the frequency exceeding the standard is measured to observe whether there is a common mode current. If there is no common mode current, the radiation emission of the electric toy to be tested is then tested. If the radiation emission is qualified, the test is terminated; Wherein, the conducted emission test module includes: A receiving and comparing module is used to connect the power input terminal of the electric toy to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable, and the test receiver receives the conducted emission signal of the electric toy in the near field area and compares the conducted emission signal with a preset conducted emission standard in the test receiver. The receiving and comparing module includes: The partitioning module is used to divide the near field area into a partitioning model. Specifically, the partitioning model is: Among them, r is used to divide the near field and far field of electromagnetic interference, D is the diameter of the electronic toy to be tested, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, α, β and γ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to quantify the influence of the shape, material and cable of the electric toy on the propagation of the electromagnetic field, s is the shape factor of the electric toy, m is the material factor of the electric toy, and c is the cable factor of the electric toy. The comparison module is used to connect the power input terminal of the electric toy to the input terminal of the test receiver through a cable. receiving a conducted emission signal of the electric toy and comparing the conducted emission signal with a preset standard in a test receiver; Identify the key frequency band module. If the conducted emission signal of the electric toy to be tested is less than the preset conducted emission standard, first use a wide-band scanning tool to quickly scan in the range of 50 MHz to 1 GHz with a frequency step length Sinit to identify the frequency band whose conducted emission intensity exceeds the preset threshold value T as the key frequency band; A fine scanning module, used for performing fine scanning on the key frequency band through a frequency step model from Sinit to Smin; The conducted emission recording module is used to scan the electric toy to be tested according to the frequency step model and record the conducted emission signals of the electric toy to be tested. Specifically, the frequency step model is: Among them, S key is the actual frequency step size within the key frequency band, i.e., the frequency scanning step size used for the key frequency band in the adaptive scanning phase, S init is the initial frequency step size of the full sweep phase, i.e. the sweep step size used for the entire frequency range at the beginning of the test, S min is the minimum frequency step size, used for more refined frequency scanning within the critical frequency band, I is the electromagnetic radiation intensity detected within the frequency band, T is the preset threshold of the conducted emission intensity, used to determine which frequency bands are critical frequency bands, and Imax is the maximum conducted emission intensity detected during the comprehensive scanning phase, that is, the strongest electromagnetic radiation intensity detected in the entire frequency range.

4. The electromagnetic compatibility safety testing system for electric toys according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radiation emission test module comprises: Comparison of radiated emission modules for recording in the far field The radiated emission of the electric toy to be tested is tested internally. If the radiated emission is less than the preset radiated emission standard, the electromagnetic compatibility test of the electric toy is qualified; A radiation intensity amplitude comparison module is used to compare whether the radiation intensity amplitude of the frequency exceeding the standard is greater than the preset amplitude if the radiation emission is greater than the preset radiation emission standard. If it is greater than the preset amplitude, the conducted emission of the electric toy to be tested is continued to be tested; A precise frequency recording module is used to measure the precise frequency of the excessive frequency emission and record the precise frequency if the amplitude of the radiation intensity of the excessive frequency is less than a preset amplitude; The common mode current elimination module is used to record and measure the common mode current of each cable of the electric toy at the frequency exceeding the standard. If there is common mode current, measures are taken to eliminate the common mode current. After the common mode current is eliminated, the near field area Use a near-field probe to check for leakage in the chassis and eliminate the source of leakage, and continue to test the radiated emission of the electric toy until the radiated emission of the electric toy is less than the preset radiated emission standard.

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