Liquid adding method for microfluidic chip

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of microfluidics technology, and in particular to a microfluidics chip, comprising a chip body, wherein the chip body comprises two main channels and one or more reaction areas, wherein the reaction areas comprise branch channels and a plurality of reaction units; the branch channel comprises an input end and an output end, and two main channels, one of which is used to communicate with the input end to introduce reagents into the branch channel, and the other is used to communicate with the output end to allow the reagents in the branch channel to flow out; the input end and the output end of the branch channel are both provided with control nodes, and the control nodes are used to control whether the branch channel and the main channel are connected; the control node comprises a channel connecting the main channel and the branch channel, and an elastic membrane arranged in the channel; the elastic membrane can change its shape by being deformed by force to intermittently open the channel; the present invention can add liquid in a pulsed form, thereby increasing the exchange reaction opportunities of reagents in the reaction unit, which is beneficial to the reaction of the reagents.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application is based on the divisional application of application number 2024100396873, application date January 11, 2024, and invention name: A microfluidic chip. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of microfluidic technology, and in particular to a liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip. Background Art

[0004] Microfluidic chips, also commonly known as biochips, integrate the entire experimental process and functions of conventional biochemical analysis, including sampling, dilution, reagent addition, reaction, separation, and detection, onto a small solid-phase material such as silicon, glass, plastic, or metal. The resulting chip comprises a variety of micro-nanochannels and multiple micro-nanoliter reaction chambers. Controllable fluids flow throughout the system, enabling the various functions of conventional chemical or biological laboratories. Microfluidic technology serves applications in areas such as point-of-care (POCT), gene sequencing, environmental protection, food safety, and scientific research.

[0005] In existing high-throughput microfluidic chips, each reaction unit is interconnected through a branch channel, which is equivalent to the reaction units forming a whole. Therefore, when a reaction unit is damaged, the actual pressure parameters of the chip branch channel will be greatly different from the initial design parameters of the branch channel. As a result, the entire microfluidic chip cannot be used normally.

[0006] Moreover, for this high-throughput microfluidic chip, the liquid addition is a continuous liquid addition process, that is, from the start of liquid addition to the completion of liquid addition, the liquid addition is continued and smoothly throughout the entire process. This will make it difficult for the reagents in each reaction unit and the branch channel to fully exchange and react, which is not conducive to the reaction efficiency of the reagents. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, an object of the present invention is to provide a microfluidic chip.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A microfluidic chip comprises a chip body, the chip body comprising two main channels and one or more reaction areas, the reaction areas comprising branch channels and a number of reaction units interconnected through the branch channels; the branch channel comprises an input end and an output end, two main channels, one of which is used to communicate with the input end to introduce reagents into the branch channel, and the other is used to communicate with the output end to allow the reagents in the branch channel to flow out; the input end and the output end of the branch channel are both provided with control nodes, the control nodes are used to control whether the branch channel and the main channel are connected; the control node comprises a channel connecting the main channel and the branch channel, and an elastic membrane provided in the channel; the elastic membrane can change its shape by being deformed by force to intermittently open the channel.

[0010] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the channel includes two through holes both opened in the chip body; among the two through holes, the first end of one is connected to the branch channel, and the first end of the other is connected to the main channel; the elastic membrane can switch between a first form and a second form; in the second form, the elastic membrane simultaneously opens the second ends of the two second through holes to open the channel; in the first form, the second end of at least one of the two through holes is closed by the elastic membrane to close the channel.

[0011] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the elastic membrane is driven by air pressure to switch between the first form and the second form.

[0012] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the control node also includes an air cavity with an air inlet opened in the chip body; the air cavity has an open side, and the elastic membrane covers the open side of the air cavity; the second end of the through hole and the air cavity are respectively located on opposite sides of the elastic membrane.

[0013] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet is provided with a three-way valve, which includes two input ends, one of which is connected to a positive pressure air source, and the other is connected to a negative pressure air source.

[0014] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the through hole communicating with the main channel constitutes a first through hole, and the first through hole is connected to the main channel via a branch channel.

[0015] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the front side of the chip body is a light-transmitting surface, and at least one of the main flow channel and the reaction area can be displayed through the front side of the chip body.

[0016] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the chip body includes a chip substrate and a cover plate; the cover plate is a transparent structure; the cover plate is covered on the chip substrate to enclose the chip substrate to form the reaction area and the main flow channel.

[0017] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, both main channels are connected to liquid pipes.

[0018] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the elastic film is a polymer film.

[0019] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of adopting this solution are:

[0020] First, in this solution, by setting control nodes at both the input and output ends of the branch channel, and designing the control nodes to be intermittently opened by the elastic membrane control channel, when adding liquid, this solution can alternately deform the two elastic membranes at the input and output ends. When the two elastic membranes are alternately deformed and agitated, their function is similar to that of a diaphragm pump, which will alternately push the reagents to flow in the branch channel and the reaction unit in the form of pulses. Compared with smooth liquid addition, such pulsed liquid addition can increase the exchange reaction opportunities of the reagents in the reaction unit, which is beneficial to the reaction of the reagents.

[0021] Moreover, after the chip is filled with liquid, it can also enter the oscillation mode. Specifically, after the liquid addition is completed, the entire reaction unit and the branch channel are basically filled with reagents. At this time, as long as at least one elastic membrane is driven to intermittently agitate and deform, the reagents in the branch channel and the reaction unit can be intermittently oscillated. In this way, the reagents are in an oscillating state, which can increase the exchange reaction opportunities of the reagents, and is particularly suitable for cleaning the chip.

[0022] In addition, when the reaction area is designed to be 2 or more, it is equivalent to replacing the entire chip with multiple areas. Since the input and output ends of each area are equipped with control nodes to control the on and off, each area is equivalent to an independent part. In this way, even if the reaction unit in a reaction area is damaged, it will only affect the reaction area containing the damaged reaction unit, and will not affect other reaction areas, so that the entire chip will not be scrapped.

[0023] Because each reaction area can be controlled individually by a control node and is an independent part, partition selection can be achieved. For example, if you only want to pass a certain reagent A into the set reaction area and do not want the reagent to participate in other reaction areas, then when adding liquid, you only need to turn on the control node of the set reaction area, so that reagent A will not pass into other reaction areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 An exploded view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of middle part B;

[0028] Figure 5 A partial top view of the chip body;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the elastic membrane switching from the first shape to the second shape. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is an explanation and description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation manner, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the following description, terms such as "inside", "outside", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. that indicate directions or positional relationships are only used to facilitate the description of the embodiments and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See also Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a microfluidic chip, including a chip body 1, as shown Figure 2 As shown, the chip body 1 includes two main channels 3 and one or more reaction areas 2 , preferably, multiple reaction areas 2 are formed by dividing the chip body 1 .

[0034] Among them, such as Figure 5 As shown, each reaction area 2 includes a branch channel 21 and a plurality of reaction units 22 interconnected through the branch channel 21, that is, within a reaction area 2, each reaction unit 22 is connected through the branch channel 21, so that the reagent can flow into each reaction unit 22 through the branch channel 21.

[0035] The branch channel 21 includes an input end and an output end, and two main channels 3, one of which is used to communicate with the input end to introduce reagent into the branch channel 21, and the other is used to communicate with the output end to allow the reagent in the branch channel 21 to flow out.

[0036] For example, in this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, two main channels 3 are arranged side by side on both sides of the chip, and the reaction area 2 is arranged transversely between the two main channels 3 .

[0037] For ease of understanding, in this embodiment, the one of the two main channels 3 that is connected to the input end of the branch channel 21 is recorded as the liquid inlet channel 31, and correspondingly, the one that is connected to the output end of the branch channel 21 is recorded as the liquid return channel 32. When adding liquid, the reagent flows into the branch channel 21 through the input end of the branch channel 21 through the liquid inlet channel 31. Finally, the reagent in the branch channel 21 flows to the liquid return channel 32 through the output end of the branch channel 21 and is discharged from the liquid return channel 32.

[0038] The two main channels 3 are both connected to a liquid pipe. Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, a liquid inlet pipe 41 is connected to the bottom of the liquid inlet channel 31 , and a liquid return pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the liquid return channel 32 .

[0039] In this embodiment, the two ends of the branch channel 21 constitute the input end and the output end respectively. The input end and the output end of the branch channel 21 are both provided with control nodes. It is worth noting that, if Figure 3 As shown, two control nodes are provided in each reaction area 2, and the control nodes are used to control whether the branch channel 21 and the main channel 3 are connected. Taking one of the reaction areas 2 as an example:

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, a control node is provided between the liquid inlet channel 31 and the input end of the branch channel 21, and a control node is provided between the liquid return channel 32 and the output end of the branch channel 21. The structures of the two control nodes are basically the same, so this embodiment uses one of the control nodes as an example for detailed description:

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, the control node includes an elastic membrane 61 and a channel connecting the main channel 3 and the branch channel 21. Taking the node between the input end of the liquid inlet channel 31 and the branch channel 21 as an example, the input end of the liquid inlet channel 31 and the branch channel 21 are connected through the channel.

[0042] The elastic membrane 61 is arranged in the channel, and the elastic membrane 61 can change its shape by being deformed by force to intermittently open the channel. When the channel is opened, the corresponding main channel 3 and the branch channel 21 form a communication relationship. When the channel is closed, the corresponding main channel 3 and the branch channel 21 are blocked.

[0043] In this embodiment, the elastic film 61 is preferably a polymer film, such as PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene, TPU polyurethane film, PE polyethylene film, or silicone rubber film.

[0044] First, it should be understood that in this embodiment, when the chip is divided into several reaction regions 2 and the control nodes are used, each reaction region 2 is equivalent to an independent reaction region 2. Therefore, even if a reaction unit 22 within a reaction region 2 is damaged, the damage is only to the reaction region 2 containing the damaged reaction unit 22, and other reaction regions 2 are not affected, thus preventing the entire chip from being scrapped. During operation, it is only necessary to shut down the control nodes at both ends of the damaged reaction region 2.

[0045] Because each reaction area 2 can be controlled individually by a control node and is an independent part, partition selection can be achieved. For example, if you only want to pass a certain reagent A into the set reaction area 2 and do not want the reagent to participate in other reaction areas 2, then when adding liquid, you only need to turn on the control node of the set reaction area 2, so that reagent A will not pass into other reaction areas 2.

[0046] Secondly, by setting control nodes at both the input and output ends of the branch channel 21, and designing the control nodes to be intermittently opened by the elastic membrane 61 to control the channel, when adding liquid, this scheme can alternately deform the two elastic membranes 61 at the input and output ends. When the two elastic membranes 61 are alternately deformed and agitated, their function is similar to that of a diaphragm pump, and they will alternately push the reagents in the form of pulses to flow in the branch channel 21 and the reaction unit 22 to achieve liquid addition. Compared with smooth liquid addition, such pulsed liquid addition can increase the exchange reaction opportunities of the reagents in the reaction unit 22, which is beneficial to the reaction of the reagents.

[0047] In addition, after the chip is filled with liquid, the chip can also enter the oscillation mode. Specifically, after the liquid addition is completed, the entire reaction unit 22 and the branch channel 21 are basically filled with reagents. At this time, as long as at least one elastic membrane 61 is driven to intermittently agitate and deform, the reagents in the branch channel 21 and the reaction unit 22 can be intermittently oscillated. In this way, the reagents are in an oscillating state, which can increase the exchange reaction opportunities of the reagents, and is particularly suitable for cleaning the chip.

[0048] The specific structure of the channel is as follows: the channel includes two through holes both opened in the chip body 1; of the two through holes, the first end of one is connected to the branch channel 21, and the first end of the other is connected to the main channel 3; for the sake of convenience of explanation, the through hole connected to the main channel 3 of the two through holes is recorded as the first through hole 621, and the through hole connected to the branch channel 21 is recorded as the second through hole 622.

[0049] Take the control node between the inlet channel 31 and the input end of the branch channel 21 as an example:

[0050] like Figure 4As shown, the upper end (i.e., the first end) of the second through hole 622 in the node is connected to the input end of the branch channel 21, and the upper end (i.e., the first end) of the first through hole 621 is connected to the liquid inlet channel 31. Specifically, the first through hole 621 is connected to the main channel 3 (liquid inlet channel 31) through the branch channel 623.

[0051] The elastic membrane 61 can switch between a first state and a second state. Figure 6 Schematic diagrams showing the elastic membrane 61 switching from a first form to a second form are shown, wherein 6a is a view of the elastic membrane 61 in the first form, and 6b is a view of the elastic membrane 61 in the second form.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, in the second form, the elastic membrane 61 simultaneously opens the second ends of the two through holes to open the channel; in the first form, the second end of at least one of the two through holes is closed by the elastic membrane 61 to close the channel. In this embodiment, both through holes are closed by the elastic membrane 61.

[0053] In this embodiment, the elastic membrane 61 is driven by air pressure to switch between the first and second forms. Specifically:

[0054] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the control node further includes an air cavity 63 with an air inlet opened in the chip body 1; the air cavity 63 has an open side. For example, in this embodiment, the upper end of the air cavity 63 is opened to form the open side.

[0055] The elastic membrane 61 covers the open side of the air cavity 63, so that the air cavity 63 forms a closed space; the second ends of the two through holes and the air cavity 63 are respectively located on opposite sides of the elastic membrane 61. Specifically, the second ends of the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622 are located on the upper side of the elastic membrane 61, and the air cavity 63 is located on the lower side of the elastic membrane 61.

[0056] When negative pressure is introduced into the air cavity 63, Figure 6 As shown in Figure 6b, the elastic membrane 61 is depressed downward under negative pressure to form a concave space. At this time, the elastic membrane 61 is in the second form. In this state, the lower end of the first through hole 621 and the lower end of the second through hole 622 are connected through the concave space to form a passage, thereby realizing the opening of the channel and further realizing the connection between the main channel 3 and the branch channel 21.

[0057] On the contrary, when positive pressure is introduced into the air cavity 63, the elastic membrane 61 is deformed upward under the positive pressure and eventually abuts against the lower ends of the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622. Figure 6As shown in FIG6 a , the elastic membrane 61 enters the first state. In this state, the elastic membrane 61 blocks the lower ends of the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622 , thereby closing the channel.

[0058] In order to control the input of positive pressure air source and negative pressure air source, in this embodiment, an air pipe 64 is connected to the air inlet, and a three-way valve (not shown in the figure) is connected to the air pipe 64. The three-way valve includes two input ends, one of which is connected to the positive pressure air source, and the other is connected to the negative pressure air source. When the positive pressure air source needs to be introduced, only the three-way valve needs to be opened to connect the input end of the positive pressure air source. Conversely, when the negative pressure air source needs to be introduced, only the three-way valve needs to be opened to connect the input end of the negative pressure air source.

[0059] In addition, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate observation or photography of the microfluidic state of the reagents and reactions in the reaction area 2 and / or the main channel 3, the front side of the chip body 1 is a light-transmitting surface, and at least one of the main channel 3 and the reaction area 2 can be displayed through the front side of the chip body 1. Preferably, at least the main channel 3, the reaction units 22 in the reaction area 2, and the branch channel 21 are exposed on the light-transmitting surface.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the chip body 1 comprises a chip base and a cover plate 12; the cover plate 12 is a transparent structure. The cover plate 12 covers the chip base to enclose the reaction area 2 and the main channel 3. In this case, the main channel 3, reaction unit 22, and branch channel 21 are located between the transparent cover plate 12 and the chip base. The cover plate 12 is transparent, so the flow of reagents and the reaction status within the main channel 3 and reaction unit 22 can be directly observed through the cover plate 12, and photography can also be directly taken through the transparent cover plate 12.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the chip substrate mainly includes a chip body 11 and a chip base plate 13, so that the entire chip body 1 is composed of a cover plate 12, a chip body 11, and a chip base plate 13 from top to bottom; the main channel 3, the reaction unit 22, the branch channel 21, the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622 are arranged on the chip body 11, and the air cavity 63 is arranged on the chip base plate 13; the elastic membrane 61 is clamped between the chip base plate 13 and the chip body 11, thereby forming a shield for the opening side of the air cavity 63.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This embodiment mainly provides a method for adding liquid to the microfluidic chip provided in Example 1:

[0064] For the sake of convenience, Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the control node set at the input end of the branch channel 21 is recorded as the first node M1, and the control node set at the output end of the branch channel 21 is recorded as the second node M2;

[0065] It is understandable that the principles of the first node M1 and the second node M2 ​​are the same regardless of whether they are turned on or off, so this embodiment takes the first node M1 as an example for explanation:

[0066] The first node M1 is opened by introducing negative pressure gas into the air cavity 63. Under the action of negative pressure, the elastic membrane 61 is deformed downward to form a concave space (such as Figure 6 As shown in FIG6b ), at this time, the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622 are connected through the concave space, thereby realizing the opening of the channel, that is, the opening of the first node M1.

[0067] The closing method of the first node M1 is: positive pressure gas is passed into the air cavity 63, and under the action of positive pressure, the elastic membrane 61 gradually deforms upward, and finally the elastic membrane 61 blocks the lower ends of the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622 (as shown in FIG. Figure 6 6a), so that the first through hole 621 and the second through hole 622 are no longer connected, and the channel is in a closed state, thereby achieving the closure of the first node M1.

[0068] The following is a specific description of the liquid addition method:

[0069] When the second node M2 ​​is in a closed state, the first node M1 is opened first. During the opening process of the first node M1, the reagent in the liquid inlet channel 31 will gradually flow to the branch channel 21 through the opened channel; it is worth noting that, during the downward deformation of the elastic membrane 61 of the first node M1, the elastic membrane 61 will generate a negative pressure suction force on the reagent in the through hole, so that the reagent in the liquid inlet channel 31 can be sucked into the concave space to a certain extent.

[0070] Next, close the first node M1 and open the second node M2 ​​at the same time; in this way, the first node M1 will push the reagent and air in the through hole upward during the closing process, and the second node M2 ​​will suck the air and reagent in the branch channel 21 during the opening process. This is equivalent to the first node M1 pushing the reagent to flow into the branch channel 21 in the front, and the second node M2 ​​sucking the reagent in the branch channel 21 in the back. By pushing forward and sucking back, the reagent can be intermittently added to the branch channel 21 in a pulsed manner. In this way, as long as the above actions are performed alternately in a cycle, that is, the first node M1 and the second node M2 ​​are opened alternately, pulsed liquid addition can be achieved. In this way, the reagents in the branch channel 21 and the reaction unit 22 are added to flow backward in a pulsed turbulent state, increasing the exchange reaction opportunity of the reagents in the reaction unit 22.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] This embodiment mainly provides an oscillation method for performing reagent oscillation using the microfluidic chip provided in Example 1:

[0073] The microfluidic chip provided in this embodiment can also oscillate the reagents in the reaction unit and the branch channel 21 after the liquid addition is completed. The oscillation method is specifically as follows:

[0074] After the liquid adding action is completed, the entire branch channel 21 and the reaction unit 22 are basically filled with reagents, and then the liquid pipe of the liquid inlet channel 31 and the liquid return channel are closed; then, at least one node is opened in the form of a pulse, for example, only the first node M1 is intermittently opened, and the second node M2 ​​is always in a closed state. In this way, the elastic membrane 61 of the first node M1 is intermittently agitated and deformed, and each time it completes an opening and closing action, it will produce an oscillation effect on the reagent, thereby increasing the exchange reaction opportunity of the reagent.

[0075] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip, characterized in that: The microfluidic chip includes a chip body, which includes two main channels and one or more reaction areas, and the reaction areas include branch channels and a number of reaction units interconnected through the branch channels; the branch channel includes an input end and an output end, two main channels, one of which is used to communicate with the input end to introduce reagents into the branch channel, and the other is used to communicate with the output end to allow the reagents in the branch channel to flow out; the input end and the output end of the branch channel are both provided with a control node, and the control node is used to control whether the branch channel and the main channel are connected; the control node includes a channel connecting the main channel and the branch channel, and an elastic membrane provided in the channel; the elastic membrane can change its shape by being deformed by force to intermittently open the channel; The channel comprises two through holes each formed in the chip body; a first end of one of the two through holes is connected to the branch channel, and a first end of the other through hole is connected to the main channel; the elastic membrane is switchable between a first state and a second state; in the second state, the elastic membrane simultaneously opens the second ends of the two through holes to open the channel; in the first state, the second end of at least one of the two through holes is sealed by the elastic membrane to close the channel; The control node provided at the input end of the branch channel is the first node, and the control node provided at the output end of the branch channel is the second node; The liquid adding method comprises the following steps: S1. When the second node is in a closed state, the first node is opened first. During the opening process of the first node, the reagent flows to the branch channel through the opened channel; S2, closing the first node and simultaneously opening the second node. During the closing process, the first node pushes upward the reagent and air in the through-hole; during the opening process, the second node sucks the reagent and air in the branch channel. S3, cyclically and alternately executing steps S1 and S2, so that the reagents in the branch channel and the reaction unit flow backward in a pulsed turbulent state, thereby achieving liquid addition.

2. The liquid adding method of a microfluidic chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic membrane is driven by air pressure to switch between a first shape and a second shape.

3. The liquid adding method of a microfluidic chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control node further comprises an air cavity with an air inlet opened in the chip body; the air cavity has an open side, and the elastic membrane covers the open side of the air cavity; the second end of the through hole and the air cavity are respectively located on opposite sides of the elastic membrane.

4. The liquid adding method of a microfluidic chip according to claim 3, characterized in that: The activation of the control node includes the following steps: Negative pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity. Under the action of negative pressure, the elastic membrane is deformed downward to form a concave space, so that the channel is opened and the opening of the control node is realized.

5. The liquid adding method of a microfluidic chip according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shutdown of the control node includes the following steps: Positive pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity, and under the action of the positive pressure, the elastic membrane is deformed upward, so that the elastic membrane blocks the channel and realizes the closing of the control node.

6. A liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The air inlet is provided with a three-way valve, which includes two input ends, one of which is connected to a positive pressure air source, and the other is connected to a negative pressure air source.

7. The liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through hole communicated with the main channel constitutes a first through hole, and the first through hole is connected to the main channel via a branch channel.

8. The liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front surface of the chip body is a light-transmitting surface, and at least one of the main flow channel and the reaction area can be displayed through the front surface of the chip body.

9. The liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip according to claim 8, characterized in that: The chip body includes a chip substrate and a cover plate; the cover plate is a transparent structure; the cover plate is covered on the chip substrate to enclose the chip substrate to form the reaction area and the main flow channel.

10. The liquid adding method for a microfluidic chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two main channels are both connected with liquid pipes, and / or the elastic membrane is a polymer membrane.

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