A three-dimensional stereoscopic geological sketching method

Abstract

This invention proposes a three-dimensional geological sketching method, comprising: acquiring photographs of the working face corresponding to each construction shift, naming the photographs, and obtaining the coordinates of four laser irradiation points corresponding to the working face; after the roadway or mining area construction has been completed at a predetermined distance, cleaning the roof and sides of the roadway or mining area, and measuring the contour points of multiple cross-sectional contours of the roadway or mining area along the construction direction; measuring the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena and naming the measurement data, with different naming rules for different types of geological phenomena; and processing the acquired photographs, photograph names, coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to each working face, coordinates of each contour point, and coordinates and names of the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena to obtain a three-dimensional geological model. The above-mentioned three-dimensional geological sketching method can establish an objective, realistic, comprehensive, and three-dimensional geological phenomenon model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional geological sketching method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel geological sketching is a fundamental task in mining geology. Currently, underground tunnel geological sketching uses two-dimensional sketching. After a section of tunnel is constructed or after construction is completed, geologists sketch one side or one roof of the tunnel based on the geological phenomena exposed. This method records the results of tunnel construction and can only sketch geological phenomena at a specific level. It cannot truly reflect the actual occurrence state of geological phenomena and is not conducive to comprehensive geological research. Because it is impossible to sketch the tunnel construction process, true three-dimensional geological sketching cannot be achieved.

[0003] Currently, 3D laser scanners can only scan engineering outlines and cannot scan geological phenomena, thus failing to achieve the effect of 3D geological sketching. In order to ensure safe mining, metal mines use the downward backfill mining method, where the top of the stope is a backfill body, making it impossible to use ordinary methods for geological sketching. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this application proposes a three-dimensional geological sketching method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a three-dimensional geological sketching method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Install two telescopic support columns at intervals on the roof of the opening of the roadway or mining area where construction is required. Both telescopic support columns are set vertically and extend and retract vertically. Two laser pointers are installed at intervals on each telescopic support column through a pan-tilt unit. One of these four laser pointers has a distance measuring function and is referred to as the laser distance measuring pointer.

[0007] Step 2: Retract the two telescopic support columns to a position as close as possible to the top of the roadway or mining area. The first construction shift begins construction. After the first construction shift, extend the two telescopic support columns to the bottom of the roadway or mining area.

[0008] Step 3: Set the azimuth of four laser pointers according to the designed tunnel or mining area azimuth, denoted as α. Set the slope of the four laser pointers according to the designed slope of the tunnel or mining area, denoted as θ. Surveyors use a total station to measure the coordinates of the four laser pointers and name them A, B, C, and D respectively. The coordinate of A is X. A Y A Z A The coordinates of B are X B Y BZ B The coordinates of C are X C Y C Z C The coordinates of D are X D Y D Z D ;

[0009] Step 4: Turn on the four laser pointers. The distance between the current working face and the opening of the roadway or stope can be obtained using the laser rangefinder, denoted as L. The value of L is different for each work shift. Illuminate the current working face with the four laser pointers to form four laser illumination points, named a, b, c, and d respectively. The coordinates of the four laser illumination points on the current working face can be calculated using trigonometric functions, where the coordinate of a is X. a =X A +Lcosθcosα、Y a =Y A +Lcosθsinα、Z a =Z A +Lsinα; the coordinates of b are X b =X B +Lcosθcosα、Y b =Y B +Lcosθsinα、Z b =Z B +Lsinα; the coordinates of c are X c =X C +Lcosθcosα、Y c =Y C +Lcosθsinα、Z c =Z C +Lsinα; the coordinates of d are X d =X D +Lcosθcosα、Y d =Y D +Lcosθsinα、Z d =Z D +Lsinα;

[0010] Step 5: Groove sampling is performed on the current working face, the sampling position is marked, and a photo of the current working face is taken using a camera. The photo should be parallel to the current working face, and the top and bottom of the photo should correspond to the roof and floor of the roadway or mining area. Name the photo.

[0011] Step 6: When the tunneling azimuth and slope of the tunnel or mining area do not change, turn off the four laser pointers and retract the two telescopic support columns to a position as close as possible to the top of the tunnel or mining area. The next construction shift will begin construction. After the construction shift, extend the two telescopic support columns to the bottom of the tunnel or mining area. Then repeat steps 4 to 5 to obtain a photo of the working face corresponding to the current construction shift, the name of the photo, and the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to the working face.

[0012] Step 7: Repeat step 6 to obtain photos of the working face corresponding to each construction shift, the names of the photos, and the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to that working face.

[0013] Step 8: After the pre-set distance for roadway or mining area construction is completed, clean the roof and sides of the roadway or mining area to ensure that the geological phenomena exposed by the roadway are clear.

[0014] Step 9: The surveyors set up a total station and measured the contour points of multiple cross-sections of the roadway or mining area along the construction direction.

[0015] Step 10: Geologists observe the geological phenomena exposed in the roadways or mining areas, and distinguish the outcrop points and boundary points of the geological phenomena.

[0016] Step 11: Use a total station and a handheld reverse target to measure the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena and name the measurement data. The naming rules are different for different types of geological phenomena.

[0017] Step 12: Process the obtained photos, their names, the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to each working face, the coordinates of each contour point, the coordinates and names of the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena, in order to obtain a three-dimensional geological model.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step 1, the distance between the telescopic support column on the left and the left side of the roadway or mining area and the distance between the telescopic support column on the right and the right side of the roadway or mining area are equal; the distance between the upper laser pointer on each telescopic support column and the roof of the roadway or mining area and the distance between the lower laser pointer on each telescopic support column and the floor of the roadway or mining area are equal; in step 3, the line connecting the two laser irradiation points formed by the lasers emitted by the two upper laser pointers is horizontal, and the line connecting the two laser irradiation points formed by the lasers emitted by the two lower laser pointers is horizontal.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 9, along the construction direction of the roadway or mining area, multiple contour points on the cross-sectional profile of the roadway or mining area, namely the two sides, the roof, and the bottom, are measured at preset intervals. The coordinates of each contour point are measured using a total station. The distance between two adjacent contour points on the same cross-section is 50 cm to 100 cm. When the roadway or mining area is irregular, the contour points are densified to obtain the overall profile of each cross-section of the roadway or mining area.

[0020] In some embodiments, step 12 includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1201: Based on the distance between the line connecting the two laser points formed by the lasers emitted by the two diagonal laser pointers on the working face, and the distance between the two corresponding laser points in the corresponding photo, the scaling ratio can be obtained. The corresponding photo is scaled according to the scaling ratio to obtain an image that matches the actual size. Repeating this step will yield various images that match the actual size.

[0022] Step 1202: Vectorize the scaled image, circle the outlines of different geological phenomena, four laser irradiation points, and sampling positions in the corresponding working face, extract the outlines of geological phenomena, four laser irradiation points, and sampling positions, ensuring that the relative positional relationship between the laser irradiation points and the geological phenomenon outlines does not change, and save it as the cross section corresponding to the current working face. The name of this cross section is consistent with the name of the corresponding photo. Repeat this step until the cross sections corresponding to each working face and the names of each cross section are obtained.

[0023] Step 1203: Rotate each cross-section according to the construction orientation of the roadway or mining area, so that each cross-section is perpendicular to the construction orientation of the roadway or mining area. Move each cross-section to the corresponding coordinates in sequence according to the construction order, ensuring that the laser irradiation point of each cross-section corresponds to the corresponding coordinates, and obtain the coordinates of the geological phenomenon outline and the sampling location outline in each cross-section; integrate the outlines of similar geological phenomena in each cross-section to generate the first three-dimensional geological model.

[0024] Step 1204: Connect the coordinates of each contour point corresponding to the same cross-sectional contour in sequence to form the cross-sectional contour line. Repeat the process to obtain each cross-sectional contour line. Integrate the cross-sectional contour lines to form a three-dimensional contour model of the roadway or mining area.

[0025] Step 1205: Connect the coordinates of similar geological phenomena obtained in Step 11 to generate a second three-dimensional geological model.

[0026] Step 1206: Perform a union calculation on the first three-dimensional geological model in step 1203 and the second three-dimensional geological model in step 1205 to generate the final three-dimensional geological model.

[0027] The beneficial effect of this application's scheme is that the aforementioned three-dimensional geological sketching method can perform three-dimensional geological sketching of the geological phenomena revealed by the construction process and engineering results of roadways or mining areas. By integrating the sketches of the geological phenomena revealed by the construction process and engineering results, an objective, realistic, comprehensive, and three-dimensional geological phenomenon model can be established, providing a comprehensive basis for studying the metallogenic regularity of ore deposits. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 The diagram shows the installation positions of the telescopic support column and the laser pointer in the embodiment, as well as a schematic diagram of each working face.

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of each contour point of multiple cross-sectional profiles of a roadway or mining area in an embodiment is shown.

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the coordinates of similar geological phenomena in the embodiment is provided.

[0031] Attached reference numerals: 1-Telescopic support column, 2-Laser indicator, 3-Working face, 4-Laser irradiation point, 5-Total station. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The specific embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to describe or indicate a specific order or sequence. The terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0034] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the three-dimensional geological sketching method involved in this application includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Install two telescopic support columns 1 at intervals on the roof of the opening of the roadway or mining area where construction is required. Both telescopic support columns 1 are set vertically and extend and retract vertically. The distance between the telescopic support column 1 on the left and the left side of the roadway or mining area is equal to the distance between the telescopic support column 1 on the right and the right side of the roadway or mining area. Two laser pointers 2 are installed at intervals on each telescopic support column 1 via a pan-tilt unit. The distance between the upper laser pointer 2 on each telescopic support column 1 and the roof of the roadway or mining area is equal to the distance between the lower laser pointer 2 and the floor of the roadway or mining area. One of these four laser pointers 2 has a distance measuring function and is referred to as the laser distance measuring pointer.

[0036] Step 2: Retract the two telescopic support columns 1 to a position as close as possible to the top of the roadway or mining area. The first construction shift begins construction. After the first construction shift, extend the two telescopic support columns 1 to the bottom of the roadway or mining area.

[0037] Step 3: Set the azimuth of four laser pointers 2 according to the designed tunnel or mining area azimuth, denoted as α. Set the slope of the four laser pointers 2 according to the designed slope of the tunnel or mining area, denoted as θ. The line connecting the two laser illumination points 4 formed by the lasers emitted by the two upper laser pointers 2 should be horizontal, and the line connecting the two laser illumination points 4 formed by the lasers emitted by the two lower laser pointers 2 should also be horizontal. The surveyor uses a total station 5 to measure the coordinates of the four laser pointers 2, and names the four laser pointers 2 as A, B, C, and D respectively, with the coordinates of A being X. A Y A Z A The coordinates of B are X B Y B Z B The coordinates of C are X C Y C Z C The coordinates of D are X D Y D Z D .

[0038] Step 4: Turn on the four laser pointers 2. The distance between the current working face 3 and the roadway or stope opening can be obtained through the laser rangefinder, denoted as L. The value of L between the working face 3 and the roadway or stope opening is different for each work shift. Illuminate the current working face 3 with the four laser pointers 2 to form four laser illumination points 4, named a, b, c, and d respectively. The coordinates of the four laser illumination points 4 on the current working face 3 can be calculated using trigonometric functions, where the coordinate of a is X. a =X A +Lcosθcosα、Ya =Y A +Lcosθsinα、Z a =Z A +Lsinα; the coordinates of b are X b =X B +Lcosθcosα、Y b =Y B +Lcosθsinα、Z b =Z B +Lsinα; the coordinates of c are X c =X C +Lcosθcosα、Y c =Y C +Lcosθsinα、Z c =Z C +Lsinα; the coordinates of d are X d =X D +Lcosθcosα、Y d =Y D +Lcosθsinα、Z d =Z D +Lsinα. This allows for precise positioning of the working face 3 after each construction shift, and the absolute coordinates of the four laser irradiation points 4 at each working face 3 can be obtained.

[0039] Step 5: Groove sampling is performed on the current working face 3, and the sampling location is marked. A photograph of the current working face 3 is taken using a camera, ensuring the image is parallel to the working face 3, with the top and bottom of the image corresponding to the roof and floor of the tunnel or stope. The photograph is named using the following format: date + tunnel or stope name + distance between the current working face 3 and the tunnel or stope opening + work shift. Using photography instead of traditional manual sketching increases speed, achieves a "what you see is what you get" effect, avoids errors caused by human factors, and provides a more realistic and objective depiction of geological phenomena.

[0040] Step 6: When the tunneling orientation and slope of the tunnel or mining area do not change, turn off the four laser pointers 2, retract the two telescopic support columns 1 to a position as close as possible to the top of the tunnel or mining area, and start construction for the next shift. After the construction of this shift, extend the two telescopic support columns 1 to the bottom of the tunnel or mining area, and then repeat steps 4 to 5 to obtain a photo of the working face 3 corresponding to the current construction shift, the name of the photo, and the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points 4 corresponding to the working face 3.

[0041] Step 7: Repeat step 6 to obtain photos of the working face 3 corresponding to each construction shift, the names of the photos, and the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points 4 corresponding to the working face 3.

[0042] Step 8: After the pre-set distance for tunnel or mining area construction is completed, clean the roof and sides of the tunnel or mining area to ensure that the geological phenomena exposed by the tunnel are clear.

[0043] Step 9: The surveyor sets up a total station 5 and measures the contour points of multiple cross-sections of the roadway or mining area along the construction direction. Specifically, along the construction direction of the roadway or mining area, at predetermined intervals, such as 3 meters, multiple contour points on the roadway or mining area cross-section contours, namely the sidewalls, roof, and floor, are measured. The coordinates of each contour point are measured using the total station 5. The distance between two adjacent contour points on the same cross-section is 50 cm to 100 cm. When the roadway or mining area is irregular, the number of contour points can be increased to obtain the overall contour of each cross-section of the roadway or mining area. The contour point prefix is ​​LK, i.e., the first letter of the contour, and the numbers are LK1, LK2, ..., LKn, and so on, to complete the sketch of each cross-section contour of the roadway or mining area. The above method can quickly complete the three-dimensional sketch of the roadway or mining area cross-section contour, truly reflecting the shape, specifications, orientation, slope, etc. of the roadway or mining area, and solving the problem that the offset method can only sketch the roadway or mining area contour in two dimensions.

[0044] Step 10: Geologists observe the geological phenomena exposed in the tunnels or mining areas, and distinguish the outcrop points and boundary points of the geological phenomena.

[0045] Step 11: Use a total station 5 and a handheld reverse-mounted target to measure the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena and name the measurement data. The naming rules are different for different types of geological phenomena.

[0046] Specifically, geologists place a handheld reverse-mounted target marker at a specific outcrop or boundary point (e.g., an outcrop of the ore body, the boundary between the hanging wall and footwall). Surveyors use a total station to measure the coordinates of the current handheld reverse-mounted target marker. These coordinates are the coordinates of the corresponding outcrop or boundary point, and are named accordingly. For example, KT1 represents the hanging wall of the ore body outcrop, KT2 represents the footwall of the ore body outcrop, KT3 represents the boundary between the hanging wall and footwall, KT4 represents the boundary between the footwall and footwall, etc. This process is repeated until the coordinates of all outcrops and boundaries are measured and named. Depending on the geological phenomenon, the prefixes for the names are MY (dipole), DC (fault), YX (lithology), etc. This method can supplement and improve the process sketch, while verifying and adjusting the content of the process sketch to ensure a true three-dimensional geological sketch. It solves the problem that 3D scanners can only scan engineering outlines and cannot scan geological phenomena. It can clearly obtain the absolute coordinates of the outcrop and boundary points of geological phenomena, which facilitates the generation of three-dimensional geological models in the later stage.

[0047] Step 12: Process the obtained photos, their names, the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points 4 corresponding to each face 3, the coordinates of each contour point, the coordinates and names of the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena, in order to obtain a three-dimensional geological model.

[0048] Specifically, step 12 includes the following steps:

[0049] Step 1201: Based on the distance between the two laser irradiation points formed by the lasers emitted by the two diagonal laser pointers 2 illuminating the working face 3, and the distance between the corresponding two laser irradiation points in the corresponding photo, the scaling ratio can be obtained. The corresponding photo is scaled according to the scaling ratio to obtain an image that matches the actual size. Repeating this step can obtain various images that match the actual size.

[0050] Specifically, for example, the distance between the lines connecting two actual laser irradiation points is Let S be the distance between the two corresponding laser illumination points in the photo. This is the zoom level for the photo.

[0051] Step 1202: Vectorize the scaled image, circle the outlines of different geological phenomena, the four laser irradiation points 4, and the sampling positions in the corresponding working face 3, extract the outlines of the geological phenomena, the four laser irradiation points 4, and the sampling positions, ensuring that the relative positional relationship between the laser irradiation points 4 and the geological phenomenon outlines does not change, and save it as the cross section corresponding to the current working face 3. The name of this cross section is consistent with the name of the corresponding photo. Repeat this step until the cross sections corresponding to each working face 3 are obtained, as well as the names of each cross section.

[0052] Step 1203: Rotate each cut surface according to the construction orientation of the roadway or mining area, so that each cut surface is perpendicular to the construction orientation of the roadway or mining area. Move each cut surface to the corresponding coordinate position in sequence according to the construction order, and ensure that the laser irradiation point 4 of each cut surface corresponds to the corresponding coordinate. In this way, the coordinates of the geological phenomenon outline and the sampling position outline in each cut surface are obtained. Integrate the outlines of similar geological phenomena in each cut surface to generate the first three-dimensional geological model.

[0053] Step 1204: Connect the coordinates of each contour point corresponding to the same cross-sectional contour in sequence to form the cross-sectional contour line. Repeat the process to obtain each cross-sectional contour line. Integrate the cross-sectional contour lines to form a three-dimensional contour model of the roadway or mining area.

[0054] Step 1205: Connect the coordinates of similar geological phenomena obtained in Step 11 to generate a second three-dimensional geological model.

[0055] Step 1206: Perform a union calculation on the first three-dimensional geological model in step 1203 and the second three-dimensional geological model in step 1205 to generate the final three-dimensional geological model.

[0056] The three-dimensional geological sketching method involved in this application has the following advantages:

[0057] 1) It solves the problem that two-dimensional geological sketches can only reflect the characteristics of specific geological phenomena exposed in roadways or mining areas and cannot generate three-dimensional models. It can perform three-dimensional sketches of exposed geological phenomena, which can reflect the characteristics of geological phenomena in a real, objective and three-dimensional way, and provide real materials for geological research.

[0058] 2) It can perform three-dimensional sketches of the process and results of roadways or mining areas, ensuring that the entire process of three-dimensional geological sketching of roadways or mining areas is truly realized.

[0059] 3) The method involved in this application can be implemented using existing equipment. It is simple and quick, and three-dimensional geological sketching can be achieved without adding other high-tech equipment.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical solution and concept of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional geological sketching method, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install two telescopic support columns at intervals on the roof of the opening of the roadway or mining area where construction is required. Both telescopic support columns are set vertically and extend and retract vertically. Two laser pointers are installed at intervals on each telescopic support column through a pan-tilt unit. One of these four laser pointers has a distance measuring function and is referred to as the laser distance measuring pointer. Step 2: Retract the two telescopic support columns to a position as close as possible to the top of the roadway or mining area. The first construction shift begins construction. After the first construction shift, extend the two telescopic support columns to the bottom of the roadway or mining area. Step 3: Set the azimuth of four laser pointers according to the designed tunnel or mining area azimuth, denoted as α. Set the slope of the four laser pointers according to the designed slope of the tunnel or mining area, denoted as θ. Surveyors use a total station to measure the coordinates of the four laser pointers and name them A, B, C, and D respectively. The coordinate of A is X. A Y A Z A The coordinates of B are X B Y B Z B The coordinates of C are X C Y C Z C The coordinates of D are X D Y D Z D ; Step 4: Turn on the four laser pointers. The distance between the current working face and the roadway or stope opening can be obtained using the laser rangefinders, denoted as L. The value of L is different for each work shift. Illuminate the current working face with the four laser pointers to form four laser illumination points, named a, b, c, and d respectively. The coordinates of the four laser illumination points on the current working face can be calculated using trigonometric functions, where the coordinate of a is X. a =X A +Lcosθcosα、Y a =Y A +Lcosθsinα、Z a =Z A +Lsinα; the coordinates of b are X b =X B +Lcosθcosα、Y b =Y B +Lcosθsinα、Z b =Z B +Lsinα; the coordinates of c are X c =X C +Lcosθcosα、Y c =Y C +Lcosθsinα、Z c =Z C +Lsinα; the coordinates of d are X d =X D +Lcosθcosα、Y d =Y D +Lcosθsinα、Z d =Z D +Lsinα; Step 5: Groove sampling is performed on the current working face, the sampling position is marked, and a photo of the current working face is taken using a camera. The photo should be parallel to the current working face, and the top and bottom of the photo should correspond to the roof and floor of the roadway or mining area. Name the photo. Step 6: When the tunneling azimuth and slope of the tunnel or mining area do not change, turn off the four laser pointers and retract the two telescopic support columns to a position as close as possible to the top of the tunnel or mining area. The next construction shift will begin construction. After the construction shift, extend the two telescopic support columns to the bottom of the tunnel or mining area. Then repeat steps 4 to 5 to obtain a photo of the working face corresponding to the current construction shift, the name of the photo, and the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to the working face. Step 7: Repeat step 6 to obtain photos of the working face corresponding to each construction shift, the names of the photos, and the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to that working face. Step 8: After the pre-set distance for roadway or mining area construction is completed, clean the roof and sides of the roadway or mining area to ensure that the geological phenomena exposed by the roadway are clear. Step 9: The surveyors set up a total station and measured the contour points of multiple cross-sections of the roadway or mining area along the construction direction. Step 10: Geologists observe the geological phenomena exposed in the tunnels or mining areas, and distinguish the outcrop points and boundary points of the geological phenomena. Step 11: Use a total station and a handheld reverse target to measure the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena and name the measurement data. The naming rules are different for different types of geological phenomena. Step 12: Process the obtained photos, their names, the coordinates of the four laser irradiation points corresponding to each working face, the coordinates of each contour point, the coordinates and names of the outcrop points and boundary points of various geological phenomena, in order to obtain a three-dimensional geological model.

2. The three-dimensional geological sketching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the distance between the telescopic support column on the left and the left side of the roadway or mining area is equal to the distance between the telescopic support column on the right and the right side of the roadway or mining area. The distance between the upper laser pointer on each telescopic support column and the roof of the roadway or mining area is equal to the distance between the lower laser pointer and the floor of the roadway or mining area. In step 3, the line connecting the two laser irradiation points formed by the lasers emitted by the two upper laser pointers is horizontal, and the line connecting the two laser irradiation points formed by the lasers emitted by the two lower laser pointers is horizontal.

3. The three-dimensional geological sketching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 9, along the construction direction of the roadway or mining area, at preset intervals, multiple contour points on the cross-sectional outline of the roadway or mining area, namely the two sides, the roof, and the bottom, are measured. The coordinates of each contour point are measured using a total station. The distance between two adjacent contour points on the same cross-section is 50 cm to 100 cm. When the roadway or mining area is irregular, the contour points are densified to obtain the overall outline of each cross-section of the roadway or mining area.

4. The three-dimensional geological sketching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 12 includes the following steps: Step 1201: Based on the distance between the line connecting the two laser points formed by the lasers emitted by the two diagonal laser pointers on the working face, and the distance between the two corresponding laser points in the corresponding photo, the scaling ratio can be obtained. The corresponding photo is scaled according to the scaling ratio to obtain an image that matches the actual size. Repeating this step will yield various images that match the actual size. Step 1202: Vectorize the scaled image, circle the outlines of different geological phenomena, four laser irradiation points, and sampling positions in the corresponding working face, extract the outlines of geological phenomena, four laser irradiation points, and sampling positions, ensuring that the relative positional relationship between the laser irradiation points and the geological phenomenon outlines does not change, and save it as the cross section corresponding to the current working face. The name of this cross section is consistent with the name of the corresponding photo. Repeat this step until the cross sections corresponding to each working face and the names of each cross section are obtained. Step 1203: Rotate each cross-section according to the construction orientation of the roadway or mining area, so that each cross-section is perpendicular to the construction orientation of the roadway or mining area. Move each cross-section to the corresponding coordinates in sequence according to the construction order, ensuring that the laser irradiation point of each cross-section corresponds to the corresponding coordinates, and obtain the coordinates of the geological phenomenon outline and the sampling location outline in each cross-section; integrate the outlines of similar geological phenomena in each cross-section to generate the first three-dimensional geological model. Step 1204: Connect the coordinates of each contour point corresponding to the same cross-sectional contour in sequence to form the cross-sectional contour line. Repeat the process to obtain each cross-sectional contour line. Integrate the cross-sectional contour lines to form a three-dimensional contour model of the roadway or mining area. Step 1205: Connect the coordinates of similar geological phenomena obtained in Step 11 to generate a second three-dimensional geological model. Step 1206: Perform a union calculation on the first three-dimensional geological model in step 1203 and the second three-dimensional geological model in step 1205 to generate the final three-dimensional geological model.

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