Construction method based on digital twinning and concrete formwork and concrete formwork

Abstract

The application discloses a construction method based on digital twinning and a concrete formwork, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, placing a reinforcement cage into the concrete formwork and confirming the specification and model of the reinforcement cage; S2, performing concrete pouring construction on multiple pouring areas, which comprises the following steps: S21, determining the excitation area of the reinforcement cage based on the pouring area; S22, obtaining the corresponding excitation scheme in the scheme database based on the specification and model of the reinforcement cage and the excitation area, and performing vibration excitation on the reinforcement cage according to the excitation scheme when pouring the concrete; S23, after pouring the concrete, obtaining the actual pouring volume of the poured concrete and calculating the theoretical filling volume of the concrete; S24, judging whether the difference between the actual pouring volume and the theoretical filling volume is within a preset error range; S25, if not, obtaining the area where the concrete is not compacted in the pouring area, determining the excitation area of the reinforcement cage based on the area where the concrete is not compacted, and repeating step S22 until the concrete in the area where the concrete is not compacted is compacted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of concrete technology, and in particular relates to a construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork and a concrete formwork. Background Art

[0002] Currently, when pouring concrete, in order to ensure the filling effect of concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to vibrate it during the pouring process. The most typical vibrators are the following two types: insert vibrators and attached vibrators. For large-volume concrete structures with load-bearing characteristics such as retaining soil, retaining water, and energy dissipation, it is usually necessary to configure multiple rows of coarse steel bars as main load-bearing bars to meet its heavy-load operating conditions. In view of the space limitations and construction costs of the construction site, the thickness of such structures is usually only about 2m. Multiple rows of coarse structural steel bars, structural steel bars, and auxiliary steel bars are staggered, and the steel bar binding and overlap take up a large space. Therefore, the spacing between steel bars inside such concrete structures is generally small, especially in some special parts where the spacing is very small. Therefore, when pouring concrete, it is difficult for concrete (especially the coarse aggregate therein) to effectively fill the gaps in the steel mesh, and it usually needs to be effectively vibrated during the pouring process. If an inserted vibrator is used for vibration, first, it is difficult for the inserted vibrator to effectively fill the gaps between the steel mesh. Second, the vibrating position needs to be frequently moved, which is very inconvenient to operate. When switching between vibration zones, it is easy to miss unvibrated areas or over-vibrate already vibrated areas. Third, due to the small range of the inserted vibrator, the construction area needs to be divided into multiple layers. Only after the lower layer of concrete is vibrated and compacted can the upper layer of concrete be poured and vibrated. Multi-layer construction leads to slow construction efficiency. If an attached vibrator is used for vibration, that is, a vibrator is attached to the outer surface of the formwork to excite the formwork, it is difficult to generate a strong enough amplitude to vibrate the concrete inside the formwork. Furthermore, the vibration area is difficult to cover the concrete near the inner row of rebar farther away from the formwork. Moreover, directly exciting the formwork may cause adverse resonance effects in the formwork, resulting in resonance damage. Therefore, using traditional vibration methods, it is difficult to control the concrete pouring quality of such large-volume concrete structures. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method and concrete formwork based on digital twins and concrete formwork, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to control the concrete pouring quality of large-volume concrete structures using traditional vibration methods.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Place a steel cage in a concrete formwork and confirm the specifications of the steel cage. Multiple excitation ports are evenly distributed on one side wall of the concrete formwork. Each excitation port is equipped with an openable or closable valve. A movable assembly is provided within the excitation port. The movable assembly is equipped with a vibrating probe for vibrating the steel cage. The movable assembly is used to drive the vibrating probe to move. A distance measuring device is installed on the concrete formwork to measure the height of the concrete in the concrete formwork.

[0007] S2. Divide the concrete formwork into multiple pouring areas from bottom to top, and perform concrete pouring construction on the multiple pouring areas in sequence. The process of performing concrete pouring construction on each pouring area includes:

[0008] S21. confirming the excitation area of ​​the steel cage based on the casting area;

[0009] S22. Based on the specifications and excitation areas of the steel cage, a corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database. During the concrete pouring process, the steel cage is vibrated and excited according to the obtained excitation scheme. The scheme database includes at least multiple specifications of the steel cages, multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications of each steel cage, and excitation schemes corresponding to each excitation area. The excitation scheme includes vibrating probes required for operation, excitation parameters of each vibrating probe, and positions of each vibrating probe for exciting the steel cage.

[0010] S23. After pouring the concrete, obtain the volume of the poured concrete, record it as the pouring volume, obtain a first height of the concrete in the concrete formwork, and calculate the filling volume of the concrete in the concrete formwork based on the first height;

[0011] S24, determining whether the difference between the pouring volume and the filling volume is within a preset error range;

[0012] S25. If not, obtain an uncompacted area where the concrete is not compacted in the pouring area, and determine an excitation area of ​​the steel cage based on the uncompacted area;

[0013] S26. Repeat step S22 until the concrete in the uncompacted area is compacted.

[0014] Furthermore, before step S21, the method further includes:

[0015] S21a, obtaining the concrete slump of the poured concrete;

[0016] In step S22, based on the specifications and excitation area of ​​the steel cage, a corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database, including:

[0017] Based on the specifications and models of the steel cage, the excitation area and the slump of concrete, the corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from the preset scheme database. The scheme database includes at least the specifications and models of multiple steel cages, the multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications and models of each steel cage, the multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and the excitation scheme corresponding to each concrete slump.

[0018] Furthermore, the process of establishing the solution database is as follows:

[0019] For each specification of steel cage, a method combining experiments and finite element analysis is used to determine the multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specification of the steel cage, the multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and the excitation scheme corresponding to each concrete slump. The specific steps are as follows:

[0020] Create 3D models of steel cages and concrete formwork;

[0021] Selecting one concrete slump from multiple concrete slumps as a target concrete slump, performing a pouring experiment on a steel cage using concrete of the target concrete slump, determining an additional mass function added to the three-dimensional model as the concrete pouring height changes, and obtaining an additional mass function corresponding to the target concrete slump;

[0022] Divide the steel cage into multiple excitation zones;

[0023] For each excitation area, multiple target excitation schemes are pre-set, and based on the three-dimensional model and the additional mass function corresponding to the target concrete slump, multiple target excitation schemes are simulated by finite element software, and the optimal target excitation scheme is selected. The optimal target excitation scheme is used as the excitation scheme corresponding to the target concrete slump in the excitation area.

[0024] Furthermore, the step of obtaining an uncompacted area where the concrete is not compacted in the pouring area includes:

[0025] The casting area is traversed and scanned by radar to obtain the uncompacted areas where the concrete is not compacted.

[0026] Furthermore, the distance measuring device includes a bracket and a plurality of laser distance meters. The bracket is arranged on the top of the concrete formwork. The laser distance meters are located above the concrete formwork and are arranged on the bracket at intervals.

[0027] Furthermore, a plurality of mounting holes are evenly opened on one side wall of the concrete formwork, an opening plate is provided in the mounting hole, and a shock-absorbing isolation ring is provided between the mounting hole and the opening plate, and a plurality of excitation ports are respectively provided on the plurality of opening plates.

[0028] Furthermore, the concrete formwork is made of high-strength non-metallic material.

[0029] Furthermore, the moving assembly includes a telescopic rod and a driving device. The vibrating probe is hinged to the telescopic rod through a support hinge. The driving device is connected to the telescopic rod and the vibrating probe respectively to drive the vibrating probe to rotate.

[0030] The present invention also provides a concrete formwork, including a concrete formwork, a plurality of excitation ports evenly opened on one side wall of the concrete formwork, a valve that can be opened or closed is provided at the opening of the excitation port, a moving component is provided in the excitation port, a vibrating probe for vibrating concrete is provided on the moving component, the moving component is used to drive the vibrating probe to move, and a ranging device for obtaining the height of concrete in the concrete formwork is installed on the concrete formwork.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) Multiple vibration probes are set on the concrete formwork. At different pouring stages, the vibration probes are used to vibrate the steel bars in different excitation areas of the steel cage, so that the steel bars in the excitation area of ​​the steel cage resonate favorably, generating an excitation response that is beneficial to the vibration of the concrete, thereby driving the vibration of the surrounding concrete, ensuring that a good vibration and compaction effect is obtained during the entire concrete pouring process, and the favorable resonance of the steel cage will not destroy the steel cage structure, preventing damage to the steel cage;

[0033] (2) The use of two methods for density detection, coarse detection and fine detection, and the use of digital twin technology to generate incentive schemes, has a high degree of accuracy in controlling the density of concrete. For steel cages with various steel bar spacings in actual production, the database can be used to match the vibration method, making the hidden concrete vibration operation visual. The concrete pouring quality of large-volume concrete structures is guaranteed from the perspective of vibration method and detection method;

[0034] (3) Since the vibrating probe on the concrete formwork is used for vibration, when pouring concrete in different areas, if the lower layer of concrete is not vibrated densely locally, there is no need to wait for the vibration to be dense, and the upper layer of concrete can be poured, which greatly improves the efficiency of concrete pouring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A side view of a concrete formwork in the construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of excitation ports on a concrete formwork in the construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of part A;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the vibrating probe in the construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure, 1-concrete formwork, 11-excitation port, 12-opening plate, 13-vibration isolation ring, 2-moving component, 3-vibration probe, 4-distance measuring device, 41-bracket, 42-laser distance meter, 5-reinforcement cage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0042] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0045] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork of the present invention. Figure 2This is a side view of the concrete formwork in the construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork of the present invention. Figure 3 A construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Place the steel cage 5 into the concrete formwork 1 and confirm the specifications of the steel cage 5. A plurality of excitation ports 11 are evenly opened on one side wall of the concrete formwork 1. The excitation ports 11 are provided with an invention that can be opened or closed. A moving assembly 2 is provided in the excitation port 11. The moving assembly 2 is provided with a vibrating probe 3 for vibrating the steel cage 5. The moving assembly 2 is used to drive the vibrating probe 3 to move. A distance measuring device 4 for obtaining the height of the concrete in the concrete formwork 1 is installed on the concrete formwork 1.

[0047] S2. Divide the concrete formwork 1 into multiple pouring areas from bottom to top, and perform concrete pouring construction on the multiple pouring areas in sequence. The process of performing concrete pouring construction on each pouring area includes:

[0048] S21, confirming the excitation area of ​​the steel cage 5 based on the casting area;

[0049] S22. Based on the specifications and excitation areas of the steel cage 5, a corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database. During the concrete pouring process, the steel cage 5 is vibrated and excited according to the obtained excitation scheme. The scheme database includes at least multiple specifications of the steel cage 5, multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications of each steel cage 5, and excitation schemes corresponding to each excitation area. The excitation scheme includes the required vibrating probes 3, the excitation parameters of each vibrating probe 3, and the position of each vibrating probe 3 for exciting the steel cage 5.

[0050] S23. After pouring the concrete, obtain the volume of the poured concrete, record it as the pouring volume, obtain a first height of the concrete in the concrete form 1, and calculate the filling volume of the concrete in the concrete form 1 based on the first height;

[0051] S24, determining whether the difference between the pouring volume and the filling volume is within a preset error range;

[0052] S25. If not, obtain an uncompacted area where the concrete is not compacted in the pouring area, and determine an excitation area of ​​the steel cage 5 based on the uncompacted area;

[0053] S26. Repeat step S22 until the concrete in the uncompacted area is compacted.

[0054] In the above step S1, the steel cage 5 is manufactured according to the design drawings, the specifications and models of the steel cage 5 are determined, and then the manufactured steel cage 5 is placed in the concrete formwork 1 to prepare for the casting of a large-volume concrete structure. The concrete formwork 1 is a new type of formwork designed. A plurality of excitation ports 11 are set on one side wall of the concrete formwork 1. A valve is provided at the opening of the excitation port 11. When the vibrating probe 3 is required to excite the steel cage 5, the valve is opened, and the vibrating probe 3 is driven to extend out of the excitation port 11 and move through the moving component 2, so as to vibrate and excite the steel bars at different positions of the steel cage 5 through the vibrating probe 3. When the vibrating probe 3 is not required to vibrate, the valve at the corresponding excitation port 11 is closed. The excitation port 11 is a sleeve made of a rubber-like flexible material. When the vibrating probe 3 applies an excitation load, the excitation vibration is attenuated by the obstruction of the sleeve, so as to reduce the vibration generated by the vibrating probe 3 during operation and its impact on the concrete formwork 1.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of section A of FIG. In one embodiment, a plurality of mounting holes are uniformly formed on a side wall of the concrete formwork 1. Open plates 12 are provided within the mounting holes, and shock-absorbing isolation rings 13 are provided between the mounting holes and the opening plates 12. Multiple excitation ports 11 are provided on the multiple opening plates 12. The shock-absorbing isolation rings 13 are made of a flexible rubber material. When the vibrating probe 3 generates excitation vibration, the excitation vibration is first attenuated by the sleeve and then attenuated by the shock-absorbing isolation rings 13. After these two attenuations, the excitation vibration generated by the vibrating probe 3 has substantially no effect on the concrete formwork 1.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrating probe in the construction method based on digital twins and concrete formwork according to the present invention. The movable assembly 2 is used to drive the vibrating probe 3 to move within a certain range, so that the vibrating probe 3 contacts the rebar at the corresponding position of the rebar cage, thereby vibrating and exciting the rebar in the rebar cage. In one embodiment, the movable assembly 2 includes a telescopic rod and a drive device. The vibrating probe 3 is hinged to the telescopic rod via a support hinge. The drive device is connected to the telescopic rod and the vibrating probe, respectively, to drive the rotation of the vibrating probe 3. The telescopic rod is extended and retracted, and the vibrating probe 3 rotates on the telescopic rod, thereby achieving movement of the vibrating probe 3 within a certain range.

[0057] The distance measuring device 4 on the concrete form 1 can be an existing distance measuring device 4, such as a laser rangefinder 42 or a liquid level meter. In one embodiment, the distance measuring device 4 includes a bracket 41 and several laser rangefinders 42. The bracket 41 is mounted on the top of the concrete form 1. The laser rangefinders 42 are positioned above the concrete form 1 and spaced apart on the bracket 41. The laser rangefinders 42 measure the distance between the laser rangefinders 42 and the top surface of the concrete in the concrete form 1. Combined with the height of the concrete form 1, the height of the concrete in the concrete form 1 can be determined. The values ​​obtained by the multiple laser rangefinders 42 are averaged, and the average value is used as the height of the concrete in the concrete form 1. This allows for a more accurate determination of the height of the concrete in the concrete form 1.

[0058] In the above step S2, the concrete formwork 1 is divided into multiple pouring areas from bottom to top, each pouring area is equivalent to pouring a layer of concrete, and concrete pouring construction is carried out in the multiple pouring areas from bottom to top in sequence to complete the construction of the large-volume concrete structure.

[0059] In the above step S21, based on the location of the casting area, the excitation area of ​​the steel cage 5 corresponding to the casting area can be determined.

[0060] In step S22, a corresponding excitation scheme is retrieved from a preset scheme database based on the specifications and excitation area of ​​the rebar cage 5. According to the excitation scheme, the corresponding moving assembly 2 moves the vibrating probe 3 to the working position, bringing it into contact with the excitation position of the rebar cage 5. The vibrating probe 3 then excites the corresponding position of the rebar cage 5 according to the excitation parameters, causing the excitation area of ​​the rebar cage 5 to produce an excitation response that is conducive to concrete vibration, thereby ensuring a good vibration and densification effect throughout the concrete pouring process.

[0061] Furthermore, before step S21, the method further includes:

[0062] S21a, obtaining the concrete slump of the poured concrete;

[0063] In step S22, based on the specifications and excitation area of ​​the steel cage 5, a corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database, including:

[0064] Based on the specifications and models of the steel cage 5, the excitation area and the concrete slump, the corresponding excitation scheme is obtained in the preset scheme database. The scheme database includes at least multiple specifications and models of the steel cage 5, multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications and models of each steel cage 5, multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and an excitation scheme corresponding to each concrete slump.

[0065] In the above steps, the concrete slump of the concrete may affect the excitation vibration effect of the steel cage 5. Therefore, in order to ensure that the concrete can be vibrated and compacted when the steel cage 5 is excited, the concrete slump of the poured concrete is first obtained, and then the corresponding excitation scheme is obtained in the preset scheme database based on the specifications, excitation area and concrete slump of the steel cage 5.

[0066] In the above step S23, a flow meter is set on the concrete pouring system to obtain the volume of the poured concrete through the flow meter, which is recorded as the pouring volume V1. Then, the first height of the concrete in the concrete formwork 1 is obtained by the distance measuring device 4, and the filling volume V2 of the concrete in the concrete formwork 1 is calculated based on the first height and the bottom area of ​​the concrete formwork 1.

[0067] In the above step S24, it is determined whether the difference between the pouring volume V1 and the filling volume V2 is within the preset error range to roughly detect whether the concrete in the pouring area is dense. If the difference between the pouring volume V1 and the filling volume V2 is within the error range, it means that the concrete in the pouring area has been vibrated and compacted, and there is no need for local vibration. The concrete pouring work in the next pouring area can be directly started.

[0068] In step S25, if the difference between the pouring volume V1 and the filling volume V2 is outside the error range, then there must be areas of uncompacted concrete within the pouring area. Non-destructive monitoring equipment such as radar can then be used to traverse and scan the pouring area to precisely detect and accurately identify the uncompacted areas within the pouring area. Based on the locations of the uncompacted areas, the excitation area of ​​the steel cage 5 corresponding to the uncompacted areas is determined. Step S22 is then repeated, and the steel cage 5 is excited using the obtained excitation scheme. This excitation area of ​​the steel cage 5 generates an excitation response that is conducive to concrete vibration, causing the uncompacted areas of the concrete to vibrate effectively while minimizing or eliminating over-vibration effects on the compacted areas. This ensures that all concrete within the pouring area is vibrated and compacted, ensuring the quality of concrete pouring for large-volume concrete structures. Furthermore, to improve radar detection recognition, the concrete formwork 1 is made of a high-strength non-metallic material. For example, the concrete formwork 1 can be made of a high-strength non-metallic material such as fiberglass.

[0069] Before concrete pouring construction, you can first establish a solution database. The process of establishing the solution database is as follows:

[0070] For each specification and model of the steel cage 5, a method combining experiments and finite element analysis is used to determine the multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specification and model of the steel cage 5, the multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and the excitation scheme corresponding to each concrete slump. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] Step 1: Create a three-dimensional model of the steel cage 5 and the concrete formwork 1;

[0072] Step 2: Select one concrete slump from multiple concrete slumps as the target concrete slump, conduct a pouring experiment on the steel cage 5 using concrete of the target concrete slump, determine the added mass function added to the three-dimensional model as the concrete pouring height changes, and obtain the added mass function corresponding to the target concrete slump;

[0073] Step 3: Divide the steel cage 5 into multiple excitation areas;

[0074] Step 4. For each excitation area, multiple target excitation schemes are pre-set, and based on the three-dimensional model and the additional mass function corresponding to the target concrete slump, multiple target excitation schemes are simulated through finite element software to select the optimal target excitation scheme. The optimal target excitation scheme is used as the excitation scheme corresponding to the target concrete slump in the excitation area.

[0075] In the above step one, based on the design drawings of the steel cage 5 and the design drawings of the concrete formwork 1, the steel cage 5 and the concrete formwork 1 are three-dimensionally modeled, and through collision detection, the steel bar spacing values ​​at different spatial positions in the steel cage 5 are identified to obtain a three-dimensional model of the steel cage 5 and the concrete formwork 1.

[0076] In the above step 2, the vibration characteristics of the steel cage 5 when the concrete is not poured (dry working condition) are different from the vibration characteristics when it contacts the concrete (wet working condition). Therefore, during the concrete pouring process, the vibration characteristics of the steel cage 5 change as the contact surface between it and the concrete changes. The vibration characteristics of the steel cage 5 under wet working conditions are modally analyzed using the added mass method. That is, in the numerical calculation, the added mass function M(h) that changes with the pouring height h is used to simulate the wet working condition and perform amplitude calculation. The amplitude calculation function is A=G(x, y, z, M(h)), where the added mass function M(h). In addition, the concrete slump of the poured concrete is different, and the corresponding added mass function M(h) is also different.

[0077] Since the additional mass function M(h) corresponding to different concrete slumps is unknown and needs to be obtained through pouring experiments, a concrete slump is selected from multiple concrete slumps as the target concrete slump. The concrete with the target concrete slump is used to perform pouring experiments on the steel cage 5 to determine the relationship between the amplitude of different vibration points of the steel cage 5 and the concrete pouring height under the target concrete slump. The specific pouring experiment process is as follows:

[0078] Under a specific excitation load, five pouring heights, such as h1-h5, are selected as wet working conditions to conduct pouring tests, and the amplitude A of 10 points, such as P1-P5, on the steel cage 5 is monitored. The coordinates of P1 are (x1, y1, z1), the coordinates of P2 are (x2, y2, z2), the coordinates of P3 are (x3, y3, z3), ..., P 10 The coordinates are (x 10 ,y 10 ,z 10 ). The obtained table is shown in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] Function fitting based on the data in Table 1 yields the fitting function A = F(x, y, z, h), where A represents the amplitude, x, y, and z represent the three-dimensional coordinates of the vibration point, and h represents the concrete pouring height. Combining the function A = F(x, y, z, h) with the function A = G(x, y, z, M(h)) yields the added mass function M(h) corresponding to the target concrete slump. By varying the value of h in the added mass function M(h), the desired concrete pouring height can be determined for the target concrete slump. Combining the three-dimensional models of the rebar cage 5 and concrete formwork 1 with the added mass function M(h), the finite element software can be used to calculate the amplitude and natural frequency of any point on the rebar cage 5 under arbitrary excitation, pouring height, and mode.

[0082] In the above step three, the steel cage 5 is divided into multiple excitation areas, and the size of the excitation area can be determined according to actual needs. For example, according to each pouring area when pouring concrete in layers, the steel cage 5 is first divided into multiple excitation areas corresponding to the multiple pouring areas. The divided excitation areas are larger and are used for overall excitation when pouring concrete in layers. Then, for each excitation area, each excitation area is divided into multiple excitation areas, and the divided excitation areas are smaller, that is, some larger excitation areas contain multiple smaller excitation areas, and the smaller excitation areas are used for partial excitation when pouring concrete.

[0083] In the above step 4, for each divided excitation area, the construction personnel can design multiple target excitation schemes according to the natural frequency and various vibration modes of the steel cage 5, as well as the safety, quality, and progress requirements of the concrete pouring, according to the different parameters such as the excitation point arrangement (excitation position of the steel cage 5), the excitation load parameters, etc. Then, in the finite element software, the three-dimensional model of the steel cage 5 and the concrete formwork 1 is input, and the additional mass function M(h) corresponding to the target concrete slump is applied to the response node of the three-dimensional model. Numerical simulation is performed in the finite element software. Through modal analysis, the excitation point arrangement, excitation load parameters, etc. are analyzed and selected. With the goal of the simplest construction, a target excitation scheme with good vibration effect, few excitation points, small load, short excitation time, or the best combination of these is selected. The optimal target excitation scheme is used as the excitation scheme corresponding to the target concrete slump in the excitation area. In this way, multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications and models of each steel cage 5, multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and excitation schemes corresponding to each concrete slump can be obtained.

[0084] The present invention also provides a concrete formwork, comprising a concrete formwork 1, wherein a plurality of excitation ports 11 are evenly formed on one side wall of the concrete formwork 1, wherein a valve that can be opened or closed is provided at the opening of the excitation port 11, wherein a movable assembly 2 is provided in the excitation port 11, wherein a vibrating probe 3 for vibrating concrete is provided on the movable assembly 2, wherein the vibrating probe 3 is driven to move, and wherein the concrete formwork 1 is provided with a distance measuring device for obtaining the height of the concrete in the concrete formwork 1. When the concrete formwork 1 of the present invention is in use, the vibrating probe 3 is used to vibrate the steel cage 5 in the concrete formwork 1 through a pre-set excitation scheme, thereby causing the steel bars of the steel cage 5 to resonate favorably and generate an excitation response that is favorable for the vibration of the concrete, thereby driving the vibration of the surrounding concrete, thereby ensuring a good vibration and compaction effect during the entire concrete pouring process, greatly simplifying the concrete pouring construction, and effectively ensuring the concrete compaction effect.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications to the above embodiments made in accordance with the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Place a steel cage in a concrete formwork and confirm the specifications of the steel cage. A plurality of excitation ports are evenly opened on a side wall of the concrete formwork. Each excitation port is provided with an openable or closable valve. A movable assembly is provided in the excitation port. The movable assembly is provided with a vibrating probe for vibrating the steel cage. The movable assembly is used to drive the vibrating probe to move. A distance measuring device is installed on the concrete formwork for obtaining the height of concrete in the concrete formwork. S2. Divide the concrete formwork into multiple pouring areas from bottom to top, and perform concrete pouring construction on the multiple pouring areas in sequence. The process of performing concrete pouring construction on each pouring area includes: S21. determining an excitation area of ​​the steel cage based on the casting area; S22. Based on the specifications and excitation areas of the steel cage, a corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database. During the concrete pouring process, the steel cage is vibrated and excited according to the obtained excitation scheme, wherein the scheme database includes specifications of multiple steel cages, multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications of each steel cage, and excitation schemes corresponding to each excitation area. The excitation scheme includes vibrating probes required for operation, excitation parameters of each vibrating probe, and positions of each vibrating probe for exciting the steel cage. S23. After pouring the concrete, obtain the volume of the poured concrete, record it as the pouring volume, obtain a first height of the concrete in the concrete formwork, and calculate the filling volume of the concrete in the concrete formwork based on the first height; S24, determining whether the difference between the pouring volume and the filling volume is within a preset error range; S25. If not, obtain an uncompacted area where the concrete is not compacted in the pouring area, and determine an excitation area of ​​the steel cage based on the uncompacted area; S26. Repeat step S22 until the concrete in the uncompacted area is compacted.

2. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 1, before step S21, further comprising: S21a, obtaining the concrete slump of the poured concrete; In step S22, based on the specifications and excitation area of ​​the steel cage, a corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database, including: Based on the specifications and models of the steel cage, the excitation area and the concrete slump, the corresponding excitation scheme is obtained from a preset scheme database. The scheme database includes at least the specifications and models of multiple steel cages, multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specifications and models of each steel cage, multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and the excitation scheme corresponding to each concrete slump.

3. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The process of establishing the solution database is as follows: For each specification of steel cage, a method combining experiments and finite element analysis is used to determine the multiple excitation areas corresponding to the specification of the steel cage, the multiple concrete slumps corresponding to each excitation area, and the excitation scheme corresponding to each concrete slump. The specific steps are as follows: Create 3D models of steel cages and concrete formwork; Selecting one concrete slump from multiple concrete slumps as a target concrete slump, performing a pouring experiment on a steel cage using concrete of the target concrete slump, determining an additional mass function added to the three-dimensional model as the concrete pouring height changes, and obtaining an additional mass function corresponding to the target concrete slump; Divide the steel cage into multiple excitation zones; For each excitation area, multiple target excitation schemes are pre-set, and based on the three-dimensional model and the additional mass function corresponding to the target concrete slump, multiple target excitation schemes are simulated by finite element software, and the optimal target excitation scheme is selected. The optimal target excitation scheme is used as the excitation scheme corresponding to the target concrete slump in the excitation area.

4. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining an uncompacted area where the concrete is not compacted within the pouring area comprises: The casting area is traversed and scanned by using radar to obtain uncompacted areas where the concrete is not compacted in the casting area.

5. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance measuring device comprises a bracket and a plurality of laser distance meters. The bracket is arranged on the top of the concrete template. The laser distance meters are located above the concrete template and are arranged on the bracket at intervals.

6. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of mounting holes are evenly opened on one side wall of the concrete formwork, an opening plate is provided in the mounting hole, and a shock-absorbing isolation ring is provided between the mounting hole and the opening plate, and the plurality of excitation ports are respectively provided on the plurality of opening plates.

7. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete formwork is made of high-strength non-metallic material.

8. The construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving assembly includes a telescopic rod and a driving device. The vibrating probe is hinged to the telescopic rod through a support hinge. The driving device is connected to the telescopic rod and the vibrating probe respectively to drive the vibrating probe to rotate.

9. A concrete formwork, characterized in that: It includes a concrete formwork, a plurality of excitation ports are evenly opened on one side wall of the concrete formwork, a valve that can be opened or closed is provided at the opening of the excitation port, a moving component is provided in the excitation port, a vibrating probe for vibrating concrete is provided on the moving component, the moving component is used to drive the vibrating probe to move, a ranging device for obtaining the height of concrete in the concrete formwork is installed on the concrete formwork, and the concrete formwork is used to execute the construction method based on digital twin and concrete formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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