A high-strength aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member heat straightening device and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

A kind of high-strength aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member hot straightening device and preparation method, steps: calculate the size of aluminum alloy raw material bar, carry out blanking;Preheated blank is carried out single die forging extrusion near net forming, after forging rapid cooling;Solution treatment and cryogenic treatment;After cryogenic treatment, special-shaped shell member is carried out precision hot straightening, carries out aging treatment.The hot straightening device is mainly composed of low-expansion high-thermal-conductivity high-silicon aluminum-based composite material mold, micron-sized high-silicon aluminum alloy filling particles, heating tooling and ultrasonic generator, the solid-phase particles in the shell are under the combined action of thermal field and ultrasonic field, realize the precision hot straightening of aluminum alloy shell near final size.The present application adopts the composite heat treatment method of forging rapid cooling-solution quenching-cryogenic treatment-precision hot straightening+aging strengthening treatment, effectively improves the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member, has the advantages of high component bearing capacity, high material utilization rate, low cost, strong equipment versatility and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal material plastic processing technology, and relates to a thermal straightening device and preparation method for a high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell component. Background Technology

[0002] New-generation hypersonic weapons, launch vehicles, and high-speed aircraft are crucial pillars supporting national power strategies. Countries worldwide are developing next-generation missile and rocket systems characterized by high efficiency, high thrust, and low cost. Their research and mass production place higher demands on the precision and efficiency of missile / rocket body manufacturing technologies, necessitating upgrades to manufacturing techniques and improvements in component structural efficiency. While meeting component strength and stiffness requirements, aluminum alloys, with their low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and excellent hot-working properties, have become the preferred lightweight material for missile and rocket shells. Aluminum alloy shell components are vital parts and primary load-bearing components of missile and rocket systems, evolving towards integration, larger size, lighter weight, and higher reliability. With the rapid advancement of new-domain and new-type combat forces, the urgent need for missile and rocket weapon upgrades is increasing, placing increasingly higher demands on the performance of shell components. Therefore, within the current material system, this presents a severe challenge to component manufacturing processes.

[0003] For next-generation high-end weaponry, to fully utilize its structural load-bearing efficiency, the shells mostly adopt lightweight designs with large-sized, irregularly shaped, thin-walled shell structures. Currently, such components are mostly manufactured using traditional methods such as casting, welding, and machining. These components often suffer from defects such as shrinkage cavities, bubbles, coarse grain sizes, and incomplete fibrous structures (flow lines), which severely affect their load-bearing capacity. Therefore, employing precision plastic forming methods with minimal or no machining, saving materials, and reducing energy consumption is the best way to achieve lightweight manufacturing of high-performance large shell components.

[0004] Plastic deformation, especially severe plastic deformation, is the optimal way to refine the grain size of aluminum alloys while simultaneously improving strength, plasticity (toughness), and fatigue life. However, existing severe plastic deformation methods, such as channel extrusion, multi-directional repeated forging, and reciprocating upsetting, suffer from problems such as difficulty in forming a single piece, flow control at geometric stress concentration points, large machining allowances, low material utilization, and susceptibility to flash. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new, engineerable, efficient, and uniformly deformable large-size bar aluminum alloy severe plastic deformation strengthening and toughening technology to meet the manufacturing requirements of large-size, high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell components.

[0005] The strength, toughness, and dimensional stability of aluminum alloy shell components are key factors affecting the service performance of high-precision irregular-shaped shell components. Most high-strength aluminum alloy materials require heat treatment to achieve a balance between strength and toughness to meet mechanical performance requirements. However, during heat treatment, rapid quenching and cooling can create a large temperature difference between the surface and interior of the component, resulting in significant residual stress within the component. This residual stress will be released during subsequent machining and storage, reducing the dimensional accuracy of the parts, causing deformation, and affecting the assembly precision of the component.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, dimensional stabilization methods such as hot and cold cycle heat treatment have been developed in recent years, as exemplified by Chinese invention patents such as "A Method for Dimensional Stabilization of High-Precision Thin-Walled Aluminum Alloy Parts" (application publication number CN102061433A) and "Aluminum Alloy Parts Dimensional Stabilization Process through Hot and Cold Cycles" (patent number CN201510904474.3). However, these methods suffer from high costs, lengthy processes, reliance on machining to ensure final dimensions, and a lack of hot straightening. Current hot straightening technology is limited to die-cast parts requiring flatness; it is not yet effective for complex internal structures or cylindrical shell components. Furthermore, hot straightening requires specialized straightening machines and molds, resulting in high costs and limited versatility, thus restricting its application in large aluminum alloy shell components.

[0007] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned technical problems, there is an urgent need to propose a thermal straightening device and preparation method for high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell components. This method effectively integrates technologies such as aluminum alloy severe deformation strengthening, heat treatment strengthening, dimensional stabilization, and near-net-shape precision thermal straightening. The aim is to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of aluminum alloy irregular shell components while enhancing their dimensional stability and assembly accuracy, thus meeting the needs of my country's new generation of weapon and equipment development. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermal straightening device for high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell components that is simple and reasonable in structure and easy to operate, which can perform precise straightening of high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell components at the micron scale to ensure dimensional stability.

[0009] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell component that is simple in process, short in process, and low in cost. The prepared high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell component has good mechanical properties and dimensional stability.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the first technical problem mentioned above is as follows: a thermal straightening device for a high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell component, characterized in that: it includes a thermal straightening mold, low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder, heating fixture and ultrasonic generator. The thermal straightening mold is a cylindrical structure with an open top. The shape and size of the inner cavity of the thermal straightening mold match the outer wall of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component. The aluminum alloy irregular shell component is set inside the thermal straightening mold. The heating fixture and ultrasonic generator are set outside the thermal straightening mold. A layer of high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve covers the inner wall of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component. The low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is filled in the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component and compacted by a hydraulic press head.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating fixture adopts a cylindrical heating sleeve, which is fitted outside the heat straightening mold. The height of the heating sleeve is not lower than that of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component. There are three to four ultrasonic generators, which are evenly spaced outside the heating sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve is 1–3 mm, and the coefficient of linear expansion α of the heat-forming mold is… l 11~13×10 -6 The thermal conductivity λ is 120–150 W / m·K, the volume fraction of silicon in the low-expansion high-silicon aluminum-based composite material is 50%–70%, and the average particle size of the filled low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is 50–250 μm.

[0013] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem mentioned above is: a method for preparing a high-strength aluminum alloy irregular-shaped shell component, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0014] 1) Analyze the volume of the high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell blank, calculate the dimensions of the aluminum alloy raw material bar, and cut the material accordingly;

[0015] 2) The aluminum alloy raw material bar and the mold are preheated. A hydraulic press is used to perform single-die forging and near-net-shape forming of the preheated aluminum alloy raw material bar. The resulting aluminum alloy irregular shell component is then rapidly cooled with cold water after forging.

[0016] 3) Perform solution treatment and cryogenic treatment on the aluminum alloy irregular shell components;

[0017] 4) The cryogenically treated aluminum alloy irregular shell components are precisely heat-formed using the above-mentioned heat-forming device. After the heat-forming is completed, aging treatment is carried out.

[0018] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell component in step 1) is ≥3mm.

[0019] Preferably, the preheating temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material bar in step 2) is 450-470°C and the preheating time is 4-6 hours, and the preheating temperature of the mold is 300-350°C and the preheating time is 3-5 hours.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific process of single-die forging near-net-shape forming in step 2) is as follows: the preheated aluminum alloy raw material bar is placed into the female die for upsetting and cumulative deformation with side wall constraint, followed by reverse extrusion deformation, and finally the die is closed to form a flange structure, realizing the near-net-shape forming of the shell blank component in one continuous forging in a single die, and the forged blank is placed in cold water for rapid cooling.

[0021] Furthermore, the solution treatment process in step 3) is as follows: solution temperature 480~510℃, solution time 8~12h, water quenching; the cryogenic treatment process is as follows: the aluminum alloy irregular shell component is placed in a liquid nitrogen furnace at a temperature of -200~-130℃ and held for 8~30h, and then placed in a hot oil bath at a temperature of 120~200℃.

[0022] Furthermore, the specific process of precision hot straightening in step 4) is as follows: the cryogenically treated aluminum alloy irregular shell component is placed in the hot straightening mold and fixed. The inner wall of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component is covered with a high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve and filled with micron-sized low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder, which is then compacted using a hydraulic press. A heating fixture is installed on the outside of the hot straightening mold, and heating and heat preservation are carried out in the heating fixture. Three to four ultrasonic generators are placed symmetrically on the outside of the hot straightening mold. When the aging treatment temperature is reached, the ultrasonic generators are turned on and pressure is maintained at 10 to 20 MPa for 0.5 to 4 hours. Then, the ultrasonic generators are turned off and removed.

[0023] Finally, in step 4), the aging temperature is 170–200°C, the aging time is 6–14 hours, and air cooling is used.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. The use of single-die forging and near-net-shape forming technology to manufacture large-size aluminum alloy irregular shell components has advantages such as short process, high material utilization, continuous fiber structure, and no restrictions on the size and shape of shell components;

[0026] 2. It effectively combines heat treatment for toughening, dimensional stabilization, and near-net-shape precision heat straightening, and has the advantages of short process, low cost, and strong equipment versatility;

[0027] 3. A composite heat treatment method is adopted, which includes rapid cooling after forging, solution quenching, cryogenic treatment, precision hot straightening, and aging strengthening treatment. By controlling the morphology and configuration distribution of the second phase, grains, dislocations, and subgrains, the strength and toughness of aluminum alloy components are improved.

[0028] 4. An ultrasonic-assisted precision thermal straightening device based on low-expansion solid-phase particle flexible medium is used to perform near-net-shape precision thermal straightening of high-strength aluminum alloy shell components. By using a low-expansion high-silicon aluminum-based composite material mold and high-silicon aluminum alloy solid-phase particles, based on the good fluidity, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability of the solid-phase particles, under the combined action of thermal field and ultrasonic field, the thermal vibration and ultrasonic vibration of the solid-phase particles are used to achieve micron-scale precision straightening of high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell components. This method has the advantages of accurate straightening dimensions, non-destructive precision straightening, and uniform stress distribution.

[0029] The preparation method of this invention is simple and has a short process. The thermal straightening device has a reasonable structure and effectively improves the mechanical properties, dimensional stability and assembly accuracy of aluminum alloy irregular shell components. It has the advantages of high component load-bearing capacity, high material utilization rate, low cost and strong equipment versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a heat treatment process diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 (a)~3(b) are schematic diagrams of the structure of the thermal straightening device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4: ultrasonic generator; 2: heating sleeve (heating tooling); 3: thermal straightening mold; 4: high temperature resistant rubber sleeve; 5: low expansion high silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder; 6: hydraulic press head module; 7: high strength aluminum alloy irregular shell component. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment is a 2A12 aluminum alloy irregular-shaped shell blank component (the size is the outer diameter). inner diameter Height 250mm, bottom outer diameter The preparation method for a web with a wall thickness of 12 mm is shown in the following process flow diagram. Figure 1 Heat treatment process such as Figure 2 Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Analyze the volume of the 2A12 aluminum alloy irregular shell blank, calculate the dimensions of the 2A12 aluminum alloy raw material bar, and cut the material accordingly;

[0037] Step 2: Preheat the 2A12 aluminum alloy raw material bar at 460±5℃ for 6 hours, and preheat the mold at 320±5℃ for 5 hours. Place the preheated 2A12 aluminum alloy bar into the female mold for upsetting and cumulative deformation with side wall constraint, followed by reverse extrusion deformation. Finally, close the mold to form structures such as flanges, realizing a near-net-shape shell blank formed by continuous forging in a single mold. Place the forged blank in cold water for rapid cooling.

[0038] Step 3: Perform solution treatment on the 2A12 aluminum alloy irregular shell component at a solution temperature of 500±5℃ for 8 hours, followed by water quenching; after quenching, perform deep cryogenic treatment on the 2A12 aluminum alloy shell component by immersing it in liquid nitrogen at -190±5℃ for 20 hours, then heating it in a hot oil bath at 195±5℃ until the component temperature is uniform, then remove it, clean the surface oil, and blow it dry.

[0039] Step 4: The 2A12 aluminum alloy shell component after cryogenic treatment is precisely heat-formed using a heat-forming device.

[0040] The structure of the thermal orthopedic device is as follows Figure 3 As shown in (a) to 3(b), the device includes a heat-forming mold 3, low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder 5, a heating fixture 2, and ultrasonic generators 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4. The heat-forming mold 3 is a cylindrical structure with an open top. The shape and size of the inner cavity of the heat-forming mold 3 match the outer wall of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component 7. The aluminum alloy irregular shell component 7 is set inside the heat-forming mold 3. The heating fixture 2 and ultrasonic generators 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 are set outside the heat-forming mold 3. The inner wall of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component 7 is covered with a high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve 4 with a thickness of 1-3 mm. The low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder 5 is filled in the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component 7 and compacted by a hydraulic press head 6. Heating fixture 2 uses a cylindrical heating jacket, which is fitted over the heat-forming mold 3. The height of the heating jacket is not less than that of the aluminum alloy irregular shell component 7. Four ultrasonic generators (1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4) are evenly spaced outside the heating jacket. The coefficient of linear expansion α of the heat-forming mold 3... l 11~13×10 -6 The thermal conductivity λ is 120-150 W / m·K, the volume fraction of silicon in the low-expansion high-silicon aluminum-based composite material is 50%-70%, and the average particle size of the filled low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder 5 is 50-250 μm.

[0041] The specific process of hot straightening is as follows: the cryogenically treated 2A12 aluminum alloy shell component is placed into the hot straightening mold 2 and fixed. The inner wall of the aluminum alloy shell component 7 is covered with a 2mm thick high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve 4, and the inner cavity is filled with low-expansion, high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder 5 (linear expansion coefficient α).l 13×10 -6 / ℃, thermal conductivity λ: 128W / m·K, silicon volume fraction of 50%, average particle size of silicon-aluminum alloy powder 100μm), compacted by hydraulic press head 6; heating fixture 2 is installed on the outside of hot straightening mold 3, and heating and heat preservation are carried out in heating fixture 2; four ultrasonic generators 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 are placed symmetrically on the outside of hot straightening mold 3. When the aging temperature of 195±5℃ is reached, ultrasonic generators 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 are turned on. At the same time, after holding the pressure at 10MPa for 3 hours, ultrasonic generators 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 are turned off and removed. After hot straightening, the 2A12 aluminum alloy shell component continues to undergo aging treatment at an aging temperature of 195±5℃ for 9 hours, followed by air cooling.

[0042] The mechanical properties of the upper sample of the obtained 2A12 aluminum alloy irregular shell component are as follows: tensile strength R m 513MPa, yield strength R p0.2 341 MPa, elongation after fracture A5: 15.0%; the mechanical properties of the lower part of the shell component are as follows: tensile strength R m 472MPa, yield strength R p0.2 314 MPa, elongation after fracture (A5): 22.0%.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment is a 2024 aluminum alloy irregular-shaped shell blank component (the size is the outer diameter). inner diameter Height 320mm, bottom outer diameter The preparation method of the web (with a wall thickness of 13 mm) specifically includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Analyze the volume of the 2024 aluminum alloy irregular shell blank, calculate the dimensions of the 2024 aluminum alloy raw material bar, and cut the material accordingly;

[0046] Step 2: Preheat the 2024 aluminum alloy raw material bar at 460±5℃ for 6 hours, and preheat the die at 310±5℃ for 4 hours. Place the preheated 2024 aluminum alloy bar into the female die for upsetting and cumulative deformation with side wall constraint, followed by reverse extrusion deformation. Finally, close the die to form structures such as flanges, realizing a near-net-shape shell blank formed by continuous forging in a single die. Place the forged blank in cold water for rapid cooling.

[0047] Step 3: Perform solution treatment on the 2024 aluminum alloy irregular shell component at a solution temperature of 495±5℃ for 8 hours, followed by water quenching; after quenching, perform deep cryogenic treatment on the 2024 aluminum alloy shell component by immersing it in liquid nitrogen at -180±5℃ for 20 hours, then heating it in a hot oil bath at 190±5℃ until the component temperature is uniform, then remove it, clean the surface oil, and blow it dry.

[0048] Step 4: The cryogenically treated 2024 aluminum alloy shell component is precisely heat-shaped using a heat-forming device. The difference between the heat-forming device in this embodiment and that in Embodiment 1 is that there are three ultrasonic generators and the high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve is 1 mm thick.

[0049] The specific process of hot straightening is as follows: the cryogenically treated 2024 aluminum alloy shell component is placed into a hot straightening mold made of high-silicon aluminum composite material and fixed. The inner wall of the shell is covered with a 1mm thick high-temperature resistant rubber sleeve, and the inner cavity is filled with low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder (silicon volume fraction of 60%, linear expansion coefficient α). l 11.5×10 -6 The aluminum alloy powder (with an average particle size of 70 μm and a thermal conductivity λ of 132 W / m·K) was compacted using a hydraulic press. Heating fixtures were installed on the outside of the hot-forming mold for heating and heat preservation. Three ultrasonic generators were placed symmetrically around the outside of the mold. Once the aging temperature of 190±5℃ was reached, the ultrasonic generators were activated and held at 10 MPa for 60 minutes before being turned off and removed. After hot-forming, the 2024 aluminum alloy shell underwent further aging treatment at 190±5℃ for 11 hours, followed by air cooling.

[0050] The mechanical properties of the upper sample of the obtained 2024 aluminum alloy irregular shell component are as follows: tensile strength R m 485MPa, yield strength R p0.2 360MPa, elongation after fracture A5: 10.0%; the mechanical properties of the lower part of the shell component are as follows: tensile strength R m 450MPa, yield strength R p0.2 315MPa, elongation after fracture (A5): 10.0%.

[0051] The innovation of this invention lies in:

[0052] 1. Existing technologies mostly employ highly plastic deformation methods such as channel extrusion, multi-directional repeated forging, and reciprocating upsetting to manufacture aluminum alloy irregular-shaped shell components. These methods suffer from problems such as difficulty in integral forming in a single operation, flow control at areas of geometric stress concentration, large machining allowances, low material utilization, susceptibility to flash, and limitations on component size, making engineering feasibility challenging. This invention utilizes a near-net-shape forming technology with single-die forging extrusion to manufacture large-size aluminum alloy irregular-shaped shell components, offering advantages such as a shorter process flow, higher material utilization, continuous fiber structure, and unrestricted size and shape of the shell components.

[0053] 2. Existing methods for strengthening and dimensionally stabilizing high-strength aluminum alloy shell components mainly involve solution hardening and aging, supplemented by cold and hot cycle heat treatment, or aging treatment and multiple benchmark corrections during processing. These methods are time-consuming, costly, and have long product manufacturing cycles. This invention effectively combines heat treatment strengthening, dimensional stabilization, and near-net-shape precision hot straightening processes, offering advantages such as a shorter process, lower cost, and greater equipment versatility.

[0054] 3. This invention employs a composite heat treatment method combining rapid cooling after forging, solution quenching, cryogenic treatment, precision hot straightening, and aging strengthening. By controlling the morphology and configuration distribution of the second phase, grains, dislocations, and subgrains, it improves the strength and toughness of aluminum alloy components. The main mechanisms are as follows: rapid cooling after forging generates a lattice distortion field in the aluminum alloy, storing energy for subsequent dislocation configuration distribution; solution water quenching forms a supersaturated solid solution; in the cryogenic treatment stage, on the one hand, the volume shrinkage effect induced by cryogenic treatment induces lattice distortion in the aluminum alloy, and the stress field generated by the lattice distortion leads to the precipitation of the second phase, resulting in dispersion strengthening; on the other hand, volume shrinkage induces dislocation proliferation and subgrain formation, resulting in recovery recrystallization, grain rotation, and preferred orientation forming a recrystallization texture. When the preferred grain orientation hinders dislocation slip, the strength and toughness of the material are improved. In the aging treatment stage, cryogenic treatment promotes the precipitation of the second phase during aging, improving the aging strengthening effect. During different stages of cryogenic treatment, the effects of stress partially cancel each other out, thus eliminating residual stress. At the same time, grain refinement and preferred rotation occur inside the component, which also helps to mitigate and release stress, improving the dimensional stability of the component. Hot oil reheating can also significantly release residual stress in the high-strength aluminum alloy shell component.

[0055] 4. After cryogenic treatment, an ultrasonic-assisted precision thermal straightening device based on low-expansion solid-phase particle flexible medium is used to perform near-net-shape precision thermal straightening of high-strength aluminum alloy shell components. By using low-expansion high-silicon aluminum-based composite material molds and high-silicon aluminum alloy solid-phase particles, based on the good fluidity, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability of solid-phase particles, under the combined action of thermal field and ultrasonic field, the thermal vibration and ultrasonic vibration of solid-phase particles are used to achieve micron-scale dimensional precision straightening of high-strength aluminum alloy irregular shell components. This method has the advantages of accurate straightening dimensions, non-destructive precision straightening, and uniform stress distribution.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hot straightening apparatus for high strength aluminum alloy contoured shell components, characterized by: The application relates to a heat straightening device, which comprises a heat straightening die made of low-expansion high-silicon aluminum-based composite material, low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder, a heating tool and an ultrasonic generator. The heat straightening die is in a cylindrical structure with an open upper end, the inner cavity shape and size of the heat straightening die are matched with the outer wall of an aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member, the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member is arranged in the heat straightening die, the heating tool and the ultrasonic generator are arranged outside the heat straightening die, a layer of high-temperature-resistant rubber sleeve is covered on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member, the low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is filled in the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member, and the low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is compacted by using a hydraulic press head. The linear expansion coefficient α of the hot straightening die l 11-13 x 10 -6 / ℃, the thermal conductivity λ is 120-150 W / m•K, the volume fraction of silicon in the low-expansion high-silicon aluminum-based composite material is 50%-70%, and the average particle size of the filled low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is 50-250 μm.

2. The thermal straightening device of claim 1 wherein: The heating tool is in a cylindrical heating sleeve structure, the heating sleeve is sleeved outside the heat straightening die, the height of the heating sleeve is not lower than that of the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member, and three to four ultrasonic generators are evenly and separately arranged outside the heating sleeve.

3. The thermal straightening device of claim 2, wherein: The thickness of the high-temperature-resistant rubber sleeve is 1-3 mm.

4. A method of making a high strength aluminum alloy contoured shell component, characterized by The application further discloses a preparation method of the heat straightening device, which comprises the following steps: 1) analyzing the volume of a high-strength aluminum alloy special-shaped shell blank, calculating the size of aluminum alloy raw rod material, and carrying out blanking; 2) preheating the aluminum alloy raw rod material and a die, and adopting a hydraulic press to perform single-die forging and extrusion near-net forming on the preheated aluminum alloy raw rod material to obtain an aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member which is subjected to rapid cooling in cold water after forging; 3) performing solid solution treatment and deep cooling treatment on the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member; 4) performing precision heat straightening on the deep cooling treated aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member by the heat straightening device, and continuing to perform aging treatment after the heat straightening is completed; the specific process of the precision heat straightening in the step 4) is that the deep cooling treated aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member is placed in the heat straightening die and fixed, a layer of high-temperature-resistant rubber sleeve is covered on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member, micron-level low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is filled, and the low-expansion high-silicon aluminum alloy spherical powder is compacted by using a hydraulic press; a heating tool is installed outside the heat straightening die, heating and heat preservation are performed in the heating tool; three to four ultrasonic generators are placed outside the heat straightening die in a central symmetry mode, the ultrasonic generators are started when the aging treatment temperature is reached, the ultrasonic generators are closed and removed under the condition that the pressure is 10-20 MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5-4 h.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: The wall thickness of the high-strength aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member in the step 1) is greater than or equal to 3 mm.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein: The preheating temperature of the aluminum alloy raw rod material in the step 2) is 450-470 DEG C, the preheating time is 4-6 h, the preheating temperature of the die is 300-350 DEG C, and the preheating time is 3-5 h.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein: The specific process of the single-die forging and extrusion near-net forming in the step 2) is that the preheated aluminum alloy raw rod material is placed in a female die to perform side wall constraint upsetting cumulative deformation, then reverse extrusion deformation is performed, finally the die is closed to form a flange structure, and one-time continuous forging and extrusion near-net forming of a shell blank member is realized in a single die, and the blank after the forging and extrusion is rapidly cooled in cold water.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein: The solid solution treatment process in the step 3) is: a solid solution temperature of 480-510 DEG C, a solid solution time of 8-12 h, and water quenching; the deep cooling treatment process is: placing the aluminum alloy special-shaped shell member into a liquid nitrogen furnace, with a temperature of-200 to-130 DEG C, and keeping for 8-30 h, and then placing into a hot oil tank, with a hot oil temperature of 120-200 DEG C.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein: The aging temperature of the aging treatment in the step 4) is 170-200 DEG C, and the aging time is 6-14 h, and air cooling.

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