A mechanical-pneumatic coupling device and method for reducing crop harvest losses

Abstract

This invention discloses a mechanical-pneumatic coupling device and method for reducing crop harvesting losses. The device includes seed catchers installed on the lower front side of the header frame to collect seeds that have fallen due to disturbance. By installing multiple seed catchers equidistantly at the front of the header frame to collect seeds that have fallen due to disturbance, the device can effectively reduce the economic losses caused by large amounts of seeds falling to the ground due to machine vibration, thus addressing the problem of significant harvesting losses of crops with high shattering properties in my country and providing equipment support for harvesting such crops. Furthermore, a seed-reeling and seed-reeling wheel mechanism and a pneumatic conveying mechanism transport a large number of seeds falling into the grooves of the seed catchers to a screw conveyor at the rear of the header frame, preventing large amounts of seeds from accumulating in the grooves and falling to the ground due to machine vibration, thus avoiding losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural crop harvesting, and more particularly to a mechanical-pneumatic coupling device and method for reducing crop harvesting losses. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a vast country with abundant resources. Its unique geographical environment and climate conditions have created a variety of crops suitable for growth in different regions. However, due to the biological characteristics of some crops, even slight disturbance to the plants during harvest will cause a large number of seeds to fall off. Currently, the loss of buckwheat and quinoa seeds due to their high shattering tendency during mechanized harvesting exceeds 10%, while the loss of wild leek seeds due to their high shattering tendency during mechanized harvesting exceeds 19%. This has caused great economic losses to growers, greatly dampened their enthusiasm, and seriously affected the development of crops.

[0003] Currently, crop harvesting is mainly carried out using grain combine harvesters, which are used for harvesting major crops such as rice and wheat. Combine harvesting is the trend and direction of crop harvesting because of its advantages of saving time, labor and costs. When harvesting crops such as rice and wheat, traditional headers can fully meet the needs of these crops because these crops are not prone to scattering grains, resulting in minimal harvesting losses. However, when harvesting seeds of some crops that are prone to scattering grains, the disturbance caused by traditional rice and wheat headers will cause a large number of seeds to fall to the ground, resulting in significant losses.

[0004] Despite significant advancements in harvesting equipment and technology for major crops in recent years, research on harvesting crops prone to shattering remains weak. As a crucial link in the production of these crops, progress in low-loss harvesting technologies and equipment has been slow, resulting in substantial harvest losses. This leads to an incomplete and inadequate industrial chain for crops prone to shattering, severely hindering their development. Besides studying the biological characteristics of easily shattered crops, innovation in harvesting equipment is also a vital method for reducing seed harvesting losses. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems pointed out in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical-pneumatic coupling device and method for reducing crop harvesting losses.

[0006] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the specific technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] First aspect

[0008] This application provides a mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses, including a seed catcher installed on the lower front side of the header frame for catching seeds that have fallen due to disturbance.

[0009] The seed receivers are multiple units arranged side by side at equal intervals.

[0010] The number of seed receivers is 12.

[0011] Each of the seed collectors includes a collector frame with a groove and antistatic brushes installed on both sides of the upper end of the collector frame. Seeds that fall due to disturbance land on the antistatic brushes and then fall from the antistatic brushes into the grooves of the collector frame.

[0012] The antistatic brushes between adjacent seed collectors are either adjacent to each other or have a small gap.

[0013] The antistatic brush is tilted.

[0014] It also includes a crop-feeding and seed-feeding wheel mechanism mounted on the main frame of the header for feeding the harvested crops backward and feeding the seeds in the seed receiver groove backward.

[0015] The seed-picking and seed-picking wheel mechanism includes a mounting frame and a rotating frame mounted on the mounting frame. The rotating frame includes two side mounting frames located on both sides, with levers installed at equal intervals between the two side mounting frames. Each lever is equipped with a paddle, and the position of the paddle corresponds to the position of the seed collector.

[0016] It also includes a pneumatic blowing mechanism mounted on the main frame of the cutting table, used to blow the seeds in the seed collector backward.

[0017] Second aspect

[0018] Corresponding to the above-described device, the present invention also provides a method for reducing crop harvesting losses through mechanical-pneumatic coupling, the method being carried out using the aforementioned device.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] By installing multiple seed catchers at equal intervals at the front end of the main frame of the header, which can catch seeds that have fallen due to disturbance, the seeds that have fallen due to disturbance can be collected. This can effectively reduce the economic losses caused by a large number of seeds of crops with strong shattering properties falling to the ground due to machine disturbance. It is hoped that this will solve the problem of large harvest losses of crops with strong shattering properties in my country and provide equipment support for the harvest of crops with strong shattering properties.

[0021] In addition, the seed-picking wheel mechanism and the pneumatic blowing mechanism transport a large number of seeds that fall into the seed collector groove to the screw conveyor at the rear of the header frame, preventing a large number of seeds from accumulating in the collector groove and falling to the ground due to machine vibration, thus avoiding losses. The effect is good and it is easy to promote and use in industry. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] In the figure, the main frame of the header is 1, the seed collector is 2, the pneumatic blowing mechanism is 3, and the seed-picking and seed-picking wheel mechanism is 4.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main frame of the cutting table in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure, the winding and separating component 5, the cutter 6, the base plate 7, the spiral conveyor 8, and the support frame 9 are shown.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the seed collector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure, receiver frame 11 and anti-static brush 10 are shown.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic blowing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] In the diagram, there is a blower 13, an air pipe 14, a distribution air pipe 15, a seed blowing transition pipe 16, and an air nozzle bend 12.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seed-dispensing mechanism of the reel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure, there is a side mounting frame 17, a mounting frame 18, a first seed-picking rod 19, a second seed-picking rod 20, a third seed-picking rod 21, a fourth seed-picking rod 22, a short paddle 23, a cam disc 24, a fifth seed-picking rod 25, and a long paddle 26.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the seed-dispensing mechanism of the reel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] In the diagram, connecting rod 27, camshaft 28, and drive shaft 29 are shown.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the top of the long paddle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] In the figure, the top of the long lever is 31, the top movement trajectory is 32, and the rolling track groove is 35;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] In the figure, seed 33 is falling, seed 34 is falling into the seed collector, and easily shed crop 30 is also shown.

[0038] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the camshaft and rolling components in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] In the diagram, bearing 36. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the solution provided in this application is an improvement on the traditional harvester structure. Therefore, for structures not described in detail, well-known structures can be used.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses provided in this embodiment includes a header frame 1 and a seed catcher 2 installed on the lower front side of the header frame 1 for catching seeds that have fallen due to disturbance.

[0043] This application involves installing multiple seed collectors 2 at equal intervals at the front end of the main frame 1 of the header, which can collect seeds that have fallen due to disturbance. This effectively reduces the economic losses caused by a large number of seeds of crops with high shattering properties falling to the ground due to machine disturbance, and aims to solve the problem of large harvesting losses of crops with high shattering properties in my country, and provide equipment support for the harvesting of crops with high shattering properties.

[0044] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the main frame 1 of the header includes a winding and separating component 5, a cutter 6, a base plate 7, a spiral conveyor 8, a support frame 9, and a drive component, etc.

[0045] Specifically, in order to improve the technical effect of the seed collector 2, multiple seed collectors 2 are arranged side by side at equal intervals, as shown in the figure, which can be 12, or 13 or 14, etc., depending on the specific situation.

[0046] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, the specific structure of each seed collector 2 can be configured as follows: each includes a collector frame 11 with a groove and antistatic brushes 10 installed on both sides of the upper end of the collector frame 11. The antistatic brushes between adjacent seed collectors 2 are adjacent to each other. Seeds that fall due to disturbance land on the antistatic brushes and then fall from the antistatic brushes into the groove of the collector frame 11. A fixing hole is provided at the rear end of the collector frame, and bolts are used to install it on the base plate 7 at the front end of the main frame 1 of the cutting table. The specific structure of the collector frame 11 can be that both sides and the front end form a surrounding structure, thereby forming a groove. The antistatic brushes 10 are arranged on both sides and inclined towards the groove.

[0047] In order to push the seeds in the seed collector 2 backward, this application improves the traditional seed-pulling structure by setting up a seed-pulling and seed-pulling wheel mechanism 4 to work in conjunction with the seed collector 2, which can push some of the seeds in the groove backward. The seed-pulling and seed-pulling wheel mechanism 4 includes a mounting frame 18 and a rotating frame mounted on the mounting frame and capable of rotating under the drive of a drive component. The rotating frame includes two side mounting frames 17 located on both sides, and a lever is installed at equal intervals between the two side mounting frames 17. The lever is provided with short levers 23, and the position and number of the short levers correspond to the position of the seed collector 2. The rotation of the rotating frame drives the lever and the short levers to rotate accordingly, and the short levers can be used to push the seeds in the groove backward.

[0048] Because the short paddle 23 has a short travel distance, it can only push the middle seeds in the groove of the seed collector 2 backward, resulting in a large number of seeds at the front and rear ends of the groove accumulating in the groove. If the seeds are not pushed backward in time, the accumulated seeds will fall to the ground, causing losses. The effect needs further improvement.

[0049] Therefore, this embodiment can be further improved as follows: the seed-picking and seed-picking wheel mechanism 4 is further improved, and a pneumatic blowing mechanism is added to convey the seeds in the groove backward. The reason for using a short pick is to consider the distance between the pick and the groove. If a longer pick is used to increase the travel of the pick in the groove, the pick will be too long and get stuck in the groove. To solve this technical problem, after many experiments, the following improvement is adopted: the pick of one or more picks is set as a long pick that is longer than the short pick. At the same time, the two ends of the pick are changed from a fixed structure to a rotatable structure, and at least one end is connected to a connecting rod structure. The connecting rod structure is connected to a cam disk with a rolling track groove for guidance and limiting. Through the limiting and guiding of the cam disk, the rotation trajectory of the long pick is controlled, so that since the movement trajectory of the top of the long pick is consistent with the inner surface of the bottom of the groove of the seed receiver 2, more seeds falling in the receiving frame can be pushed backward toward the spiral conveying auger 8.

[0050] It should be noted that the reeling and seed-reeling mechanism has two main functions: first, to push the harvested crop backward, and second, to push the seeds in the groove backward.

[0051] like Figures 5-6As shown, a specific embodiment of the structure is provided. The rotating frame of the rice-picking and seed-picking wheel mechanism 4 includes a first rice-picking and seed-picking rod 19, a second rice-picking and seed-picking rod 20, a third rice-picking and seed-picking rod 21, a fourth rice-picking and seed-picking rod 22, a short blade 23, a cam disc 24, a fifth rice-picking and seed-picking rod 25, and a long blade 26. The first rice-picking and seed-picking rod 19, the second rice-picking and seed-picking rod 20, the third rice-picking and seed-picking rod 21, and the fourth rice-picking and seed-picking rod 22 are all equipped with short blades 23, while the fifth rice-picking and seed-picking rod 25 is equipped with a long blade 26 that is longer than the short blades. Both ends of the fifth rice-picking and seed-picking rod 25 pass through the side mounting frame 30 and are rotatable. One end of the fifth rice-picking and seed-picking rod 25 is connected to one end of a connecting rod 27, and the other end of the connecting rod 27 is connected to a camshaft 28. A rolling component is fixedly sleeved on the camshaft 28, such as... Figure 9 As shown, it can be a bearing 36 or a rolling wheel, etc.; the cam disk 24 is installed on the mounting bracket on the corresponding side, and a rolling track groove 35 is provided on the inner side of the cam disk 24 to limit and guide the cam shaft 28, and the rolling component can roll in the rolling track groove.

[0052] In use, the rotation of the power shaft 29 drives the rotating frame to rotate, and the fifth seed-reeling rod 25 rotates accordingly. Since the fifth seed-reeling rod 25 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 27, it simultaneously drives the rolling components of the camshaft 28 to move within the rolling track groove 35, allowing the fifth seed-reeling rod to rotate around the side mounting frame. This causes the long blade to rotate at a certain angle, and the movement direction of the camshaft 28 is controlled by the rolling track groove, thereby controlling the movement angle and position of the long blade 26 mounted on the fifth seed-reeling rod 25, achieving the desired effect. Figure 7 The movement trajectory 32 of the tip of the long paddle 31 shown is such that the movement trajectory of the tip of the long paddle is consistent with the inner surface of the bottom of the groove of the seed receiver 2, so that more seeds falling in the receiver can be pushed backward toward the spiral conveyor 8.

[0053] In addition, to improve the conveying effect, a pneumatic blowing mechanism 3, which is installed on the main frame of the cutting table, is also provided, which blows the seeds in the seed collector 2 to the spiral conveyor auger 8.

[0054] like Figure 4The diagram shows one embodiment of the pneumatic blowing mechanism 3. Specifically, it includes a blower 13, an air pipe 14, a distribution air pipe 15, a seed blowing transition pipe 16, and an air nozzle bend 12. One end of the blower 13 is connected to the air pipe 14, and the other end of the air pipe 14 is connected to the distribution air pipe 15. The distribution air pipe 15 is connected to a plurality of evenly spaced seed blowing transition pipes 16. Each seed blowing transition pipe 16 is connected to an air nozzle bend 12, and the air nozzle bend 12 is used in conjunction with the seed collector 2, with its outlet facing the groove. Furthermore, the number of air nozzle bends 12 is the same as the number of seed collectors 2. In use, the blower 13 operates, generating positive pressure, causing airflow to pass through the air pipe 14, the distribution air pipe 15, and the seed blowing transition pipe 16, finally reaching the air nozzle bend 12. The airflow through the air nozzle bend 17 transports the falling seeds 33 and the seeds 34 that have fallen into the seed collector to the base plate 7 and the spiral conveyor auger 8.

[0055] It should be noted that the pneumatic blowing mechanism can not only blow the seeds that fall into the seed collector due to the disturbance of the header towards the spiral conveyor of the header, but also blow some of the seeds backward during the falling process, which can greatly improve the seed collection effect.

[0056] In summary, the pneumatic blowing mechanism and the seed-reeling and seed-reeling wheel mechanism can transport the seeds that have fallen due to disturbance backward, effectively preventing the large-scale accumulation of seeds.

[0057] In addition, this application also provides a method for reducing crop harvest losses by utilizing mechanical-pneumatic coupling with the above-mentioned device.

[0058] like Figure 8 As shown, the device provided in this application is installed at the front end of the combine harvester via a support frame 9. During the forward movement of the combine harvester, the main engine power drives the various working parts of the harvest loss device through the transmission system. During forward movement, the entanglement separating component 5 separates the harvested crop to prevent excessive entanglement and blockage at the separating points on both sides. The easily shattered crop 30 at the front end of the device is separated into rows by the seed collector 2 and the air nozzle bend 12. As the harvester moves forward, the rotating frame rotates, causing disturbance to the easily shattered crop 30, causing some crop seeds to fall. These seeds fall through the antistatic brush 10 into the groove formed by the seed collector 2. The short blades 23 and long blades 26 on the rotating frame push the easily shattered crop 30 towards the base plate 7 and the spiral conveyor 8. At the same time, the pneumatic blowing mechanism 2 works together to blow the seeds 33 falling during the process and the seeds 34 falling into the seed collector towards the spiral conveyor 8 at the rear header. Through the action of the spiral conveyor 8, the seeds are transported along with the crop stalks to the subsequent working parts of the combine harvester. By combining mechanical and pneumatic forces, the collection of seeds falling at the front end during crop harvesting is reduced, thus minimizing crop harvest losses.

[0059] This invention provides a device and method for reducing harvest losses during the harvesting of crops with high shattering tendency in the agricultural field. Multiple seed catchers are installed at equal intervals at the front end of the header to collect seeds that have fallen due to disturbance. Through the combined action of pneumatic force and a specially designed cam-driven mechanism, a large number of seeds falling into the grooves of the seed catchers are conveyed to a screw conveyor at the rear of the header, preventing a large accumulation of seeds in the grooves and subsequent fall to the ground due to machine vibration, thus avoiding losses. This device can reduce the economic losses caused by the large amount of seeds falling to the ground due to machine disturbance in crops with high shattering tendency, aiming to solve the problem of significant harvest losses of crops with high shattering tendency in my country and providing equipment support for the harvesting of such crops.

[0060] The optional embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses, characterized in that, The system includes a seed catcher (2) installed on the lower front side of the main frame (1) of the header for catching seeds that have fallen due to disturbance; each seed catcher (2) includes a catcher frame (11) with a groove and antistatic brushes (10) installed on both sides of the upper end of the catcher frame (11). Seeds that have fallen due to disturbance fall onto the antistatic brushes and then fall from the antistatic brushes (10) into the groove of the catcher frame (11); the system also includes a mechanism for conveying harvested crops backward and for collecting seeds. Seeds in the groove of the seed collector are pushed backward and mounted on the main frame (1) of the header. The seed-picking and seed-picking wheel mechanism (4) includes a mounting frame (18) and a rotating frame that is mounted on the mounting frame (18). The rotating frame includes two side mounting frames (17) located on both sides. A lever is installed at equal intervals between the two side mounting frames (17). A lever is provided on the lever, and the position of the lever corresponds to the position of the seed collector (2). The rotating frame of the seed-reeling and seed-reeling wheel mechanism (4) includes a first seed-reeling rod (19), a second seed-reeling rod (20), a third seed-reeling rod (21), a fourth seed-reeling rod (22), a short blade (23), a cam disc (24), a fifth seed-reeling rod (25), and a long blade (26). Among them, the first seed-reeling rod (19), the second seed-reeling rod (20), the third seed-reeling rod (21), and the fourth seed-reeling rod (22) are all equipped with short blades (23), while the fifth seed-reeling rod (25) is equipped with a long blade (26) that is longer than the short blade. Both ends of the fifth seed-reeling rod (25) pass through the side mounting frame (17) and can rotate. One end of the fifth seed-reeling rod (25) is connected to one end of the connecting rod (27), and the other end of the connecting rod (27) is connected to a camshaft (28). A roller is fixedly sleeved on the camshaft (28). Moving parts; the cam disk (24) is installed on the mounting bracket on the corresponding side. The inner side of the cam disk (24) is provided with a rolling track groove (35) that can limit and guide the cam shaft (28). The rolling parts roll in the rolling track groove. The rotation of the power shaft (29) drives the rotating frame to rotate, and the fifth seed-picking rod (25) rotates accordingly. At the same time, it drives the rolling parts of the cam shaft (28) to move in the rolling track groove (35), so that the fifth seed-picking rod can rotate around the side mounting bracket, thereby driving the long pick to rotate at a certain angle. The movement direction of the cam shaft (28) is controlled by the rolling track groove, thereby controlling the movement angle and position of the long pick (26) installed on the fifth seed-picking rod (25), realizing the movement trajectory (32) of the top end (31) of the long pick, so that the movement trajectory of the top end of the long pick is consistent with the inner surface of the bottom of the groove of the seed collector (2).

2. The mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed receivers (2) are multiple ones arranged side by side at equal intervals.

3. The mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are 12 seed receivers (2).

4. The mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antistatic brushes between adjacent seed collectors (2) are either close to each other or have a small gap.

5. The mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antistatic brush (10) is set at an angle.

6. The mechanical-pneumatic coupling device for reducing crop harvesting losses according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pneumatic blowing mechanism (3) mounted on the main frame (1) of the header for blowing seeds backward from the seed collector (2).

7. A method for reducing crop harvesting losses through mechanical-pneumatic coupling, characterized in that, The method is performed using the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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