An agricultural soil moisture monitoring system

Abstract

This utility model discloses an agricultural soil moisture monitoring system, belonging to the field of agricultural monitoring technology. It includes multiple monitoring terminals for collecting agricultural data, as well as a data transmission device and a cloud platform. Based on geographic location, the system accurately collects environmental information, soil information, and pest information for crops in various plots. The collected information is sent to an intelligent analysis big data platform, which calculates and analyzes the agricultural soil moisture information. This system can achieve regional or even nationwide agricultural monitoring, enabling precise monitoring and intelligent management of agricultural production processes. It allows managers to promptly grasp abnormal situations, which is particularly beneficial for reducing economic losses caused by emergencies. Furthermore, it can provide reliable data for government departments such as agriculture and environmental protection to formulate agricultural and environmental protection policies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of agricultural monitoring technology, and in particular relates to an agricultural soil moisture monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] The process of agricultural products going from farm to table is greatly affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and these factors ultimately affect the quality and price of agricultural products. Therefore, monitoring the environmental quality of the production process is particularly important.

[0003] Under current technological conditions, monitoring of agricultural products remains limited to small-scale planting, and growers cannot yet achieve high precision in monitoring their own crops. As a result, it is difficult for the government to monitor and coordinate all planting processes within its jurisdiction, and the progress of modern intelligent agriculture in my country remains slow.

[0004] Traditional soil moisture monitoring relies on manual sampling, which is inefficient and lacks timeliness.

[0005] Most existing electronic sensors are deployed via wired connections, which are costly and susceptible to damage from agricultural environments.

[0006] Data is isolated and lacks multi-node networking and cloud analysis capabilities, making it difficult to achieve accurate monitoring over a large area. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies by providing a low-power, anti-interference, and remotely networked soil moisture monitoring system to achieve real-time visualization and early warning of agricultural soil moisture.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model adopts the following technical solution.

[0009] An agricultural soil moisture monitoring system includes multiple monitoring terminals for collecting agricultural data, as well as a data transmission device and a cloud platform; the multiple monitoring terminals are connected and communicate with the data transmission device, and the data transmission device is connected and communicates with the monitoring terminals.

[0010] The monitoring terminal includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a multiplexer, a signal processing module, an analog-to-digital converter, a first controller module, a data transmission module, a positioning module, and a power supply module. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, and carbon dioxide sensor are connected to the first controller module sequentially via the signal processing module and the analog-to-digital converter, respectively. The data transmission module, positioning module, and power supply module are also connected to the first controller module.

[0011] The data transmission device includes a LoRa module, a second controller module, and a 4G gateway; the LoRa module and the 4G gateway are respectively connected to the second controller module.

[0012] The cloud platform includes a data transceiver module, a third controller module, a display module, a data storage module, a clock chip, an alarm circuit, and a power supply module. The data transceiver module, display module, data storage module, clock chip, alarm circuit, and power supply module are all connected to the third controller module.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the agricultural soil moisture monitoring system of this utility model, the power module includes a solar photovoltaic panel, an anti-reverse current voltage stabilizing circuit, a storage battery, and a power detection module. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the storage battery through the anti-reverse current voltage stabilizing circuit, the power detection module is connected to the storage battery, and the storage battery and the power detection module are respectively connected to the first controller module.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the agricultural soil moisture monitoring system of this utility model, the anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit includes a voltage input Vin terminal, capacitors C1 and C2, a chip LM2596, an inductor L1, a diode D3, a diode D4, and a voltage output Vout terminal. The voltage input Vin terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and the +VIN pin of chip LM2596, the other end of capacitor C1 is grounded, the GND pin of chip LM2596 is grounded, the ON / OFF pin of chip LM2596 is grounded, the OUTPUT pin of chip LM2596 is connected to one end of inductor L1 and the cathode of diode D3, the FEEDBACK pin of chip LM2596 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, the anode of diode D4, and one end of capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded, the anode of diode D3 is grounded, and the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the voltage output Vout terminal.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the agricultural soil moisture monitoring system of this utility model, the signal processing module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, and a third operational amplifier. The signal input -IN terminal is connected to one end of the first resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the first capacitor, one end of the third resistor, and the negative power supply pin of the first operational amplifier; the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the other end of the third resistor and the output pin of the first operational amplifier; the signal input +IN terminal is connected to one end of the second resistor; and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the first operational amplifier. The positive power supply pin of the first operational amplifier is connected to one end of the fourth resistor and one end of the second capacitor. The other end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor and grounded. The output pin of the first operational amplifier is connected to one end of the fifth resistor. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive power supply pin of the second operational amplifier. The negative power supply pin of the second operational amplifier is connected to the negative power supply pin of the third operational amplifier. The positive power supply pin of the third operational amplifier is connected to one end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor. The other end of the ninth resistor is grounded. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor and the output pin of the second operational amplifier. The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor. The other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to one end of the ninth resistor. The other end of the ninth resistor is connected to one end of the third capacitor. The other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment of the agricultural soil moisture monitoring system of this utility model, the chip model of the multiplexer is AMC4601.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment of the agricultural soil moisture monitoring system of this utility model, the analog-to-digital conversion module adopts an analog-to-digital converter of model AD7794.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following technical effects:

[0019] This utility model discloses an agricultural soil moisture monitoring system, comprising multiple monitoring terminals for collecting agricultural data, as well as a data transmission device and a cloud platform. Based on geographic location, the system accurately collects environmental information, soil information, and pest information for crops in various plots. The collected information is sent to an intelligent analysis big data platform, which calculates and analyzes the agricultural soil moisture information. This system enables regional or even nationwide agricultural monitoring, achieving precise monitoring and intelligent management of agricultural production processes. It allows managers to promptly grasp abnormal situations, particularly beneficial for reducing economic losses caused by emergencies. Furthermore, it provides reliable data for government departments such as agriculture and environmental protection to formulate agricultural and environmental policies. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an agricultural soil moisture monitoring system according to this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring terminal of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data transmission device of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cloud platform of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power module structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is the circuit diagram of the anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 This is the circuit diagram of the signal processing module of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] An agricultural soil moisture monitoring system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes multiple monitoring terminals for collecting agricultural data, as well as a data transmission device and a cloud platform. The monitoring terminals communicate with the data transmission device, which in turn communicates with the monitoring terminals. Based on geographic location, the system accurately collects environmental, soil, and pest information for crops in various plots. The collected information is sent to an intelligent big data analysis platform, which calculates and analyzes the data to determine agricultural soil moisture information. This system enables regional and even nationwide agricultural monitoring, achieving precise monitoring and intelligent management of agricultural production processes. It allows managers to promptly identify abnormal situations, particularly reducing economic losses from unforeseen events. Furthermore, it provides reliable data for government departments responsible for agriculture and environmental protection to formulate agricultural and environmental policies.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the monitoring terminal includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a multiplexer, a signal processing module, an analog-to-digital converter, a first controller module, a data transmission module, a positioning module, and a power supply module. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, and carbon dioxide sensor are connected to the first controller module sequentially via the signal processing module and the analog-to-digital converter, respectively. The data transmission module, positioning module, and power supply module are also connected to the first controller module.

[0031] A temperature sensor, connected to the field testing terminal, is used to collect temperature data;

[0032] A humidity sensor, connected to an on-site monitoring terminal, is used to collect humidity data;

[0033] Illuminance sensor, connected to the on-site detection terminal, is used to collect illuminance data;

[0034] A carbon dioxide sensor, connected to an on-site detection terminal, is used to collect carbon dioxide concentration data;

[0035] The cloud platform is used to receive the detection data uploaded by the field detection terminals, and to analyze and calculate the data to obtain agricultural information.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the data transmission device includes a LoRa module, a second controller module, and a 4G gateway; the LoRa module and the 4G gateway are respectively connected to the second controller module.

[0037] LoRa module: self-organizing network between terminals, transmission distance ≥1km;

[0038] 4G Gateway: Aggregates data and uploads it to the cloud platform.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, the cloud platform includes a data transceiver module, a third controller module, a display module, a data storage module, a clock chip, an alarm circuit, and a power supply module. The data transceiver module, display module, data storage module, clock chip, alarm circuit, and power supply module are all connected to the third controller module.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the power module includes a solar photovoltaic panel, an anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit, a battery, and a power detection module. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery via the anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit, the power detection module is connected to the battery, and the battery is connected to the first controller module.

[0041] like Figure 6As shown, the anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit includes a voltage input Vin terminal, capacitors C1 and C2, a chip LM2596, an inductor L1, diodes D3 and D4, and a voltage output Vout terminal. The voltage input Vin terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and the +VIN pin of chip LM2596. The other end of capacitor C1 is grounded. The GND pin of chip LM2596 is grounded. The ON / OFF pin of chip LM2596 is grounded. The OUTPUT pin of chip LM2596 is connected to one end of inductor L1 and the cathode of diode D3. The FEEDBACK pin of chip LM2596 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, the anode of diode D4, and one end of capacitor C2. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The anode of diode D3 is grounded. The cathode of diode D4 is connected to the voltage output Vout terminal.

[0042] This invention employs an anti-reverse current voltage regulation circuit and a fast charging method to charge two 12V DC lead-acid batteries with a capacity of 75Ah in stages. To achieve fast charging while considering the conversion efficiency of the solar panel, an 18V 330W foldable photovoltaic panel is selected. The system utilizes an anti-reverse current voltage regulation circuit, filter capacitors C1 and C2, a magnetic bead L1 to correct voltage fluctuations at the output terminal, and a diode D4 for reverse current prevention. The two 12V DC lead-acid batteries with a capacity of 75Ah (these batteries do not have acid mist volatilization issues, can be deeply discharged to 0V, and can be fully recharged to their rated capacity) are charged in stages. To achieve fast charging and consider the conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic panel, an 18V 330W foldable photovoltaic panel is selected.

[0043] To prevent the 75Ah battery from being too high or too low and affecting normal operation, this invention incorporates a battery voltage measurement circuit to monitor the battery level in real time. If the level is too high, the solar and wind power supply is cut off; if one battery is too low, the other battery provides power alternately in real time.

[0044] To prevent the 75Ah battery from being overcharged or undercharged and affecting normal operation, this invention incorporates a battery voltage measurement circuit to monitor the battery level in real time. If the level is too high, the solar power supply is cut off; if one battery is undercharged, the other battery provides alternating power in real time. The circuit uses resistors R1 and R2 as a voltage divider. Point A is connected to the controller's PA0 serial port. An analog signal K is measured using an ADC, and the system automatically calculates the battery voltage and makes a judgment based on the following formula.

[0045]

[0046] Among them, U s U represents the battery voltage. A This is the voltage value at point A in the battery voltage measurement circuit.

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, the signal processing module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, and a third operational amplifier. The signal input -IN terminal is connected to one end of the first resistor. The other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the first capacitor, one end of the third resistor, and the negative power supply pin of the first operational amplifier. The other end of the first capacitor is connected to the other end of the third resistor and the output pin of the first operational amplifier. The signal input +IN terminal is connected to one end of the second resistor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the positive power supply pin of the first operational amplifier and one end of the fourth resistor. One end of the first operational amplifier is connected to one end of the second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor and grounded. The output pin of the first operational amplifier is connected to one end of the fifth resistor, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive power supply pin of the second operational amplifier. The negative power supply pin of the second operational amplifier is connected to the negative power supply pin of the third operational amplifier. The positive power supply pin of the third operational amplifier is connected to one end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor, respectively. The other end of the ninth resistor is grounded. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor and one end of the second operational amplifier, respectively. The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to one end of the ninth resistor, respectively. The other end of the ninth resistor is connected to one end of the third capacitor, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

[0048] The signal processing circuit includes an amplifier circuit and a dual op-amp bandpass filter. It amplifies and filters the data acquired by the sensor before inputting it to the signal conversion circuit, significantly reducing signal noise and loss during measurement. The amplifier circuit consists of an OPA277 operational amplifier and resistors / capacitors, a typical differential amplifier circuit. C3 and R6, and C4 and R7 form a low-pass filter. The dual op-amp bandpass filter, composed of two OPA277 operational amplifiers, has adjustable Q-value and center frequency. Adjusting R9 adjusts the resonant frequency, and adjusting R8 adjusts the Q-value. Notably, the array-type condensation sensor collects signals from various points, which are then selected by a multiplexed analog switch and output to the signal processing circuit before being input to the AD7794 for digital-to-analog conversion, converting the analog signal to a digital signal, which is beneficial for long-distance wireless signal transmission.

[0049] The first controller module of this invention uses a Xilinx Spartan6 series FPGA as the core controller device, realizing functions such as data acquisition control, data buffering, data processing, data storage, data transmission, and synchronous clock control. It features high precision, high speed, high reliability, strong real-time performance, and low cost. This invention is a 16-channel real-time high-speed and high-precision synchronous data acquisition system with an FPGA as the main processor. The sampling frequency in actual monitoring projects is 200kHz. By using the FPGA to reasonably control and coordinate the data flow between various modules, the system can achieve the real-time, synchronous, and high-speed acquisition functions required by the system.

[0050] The system control core uses the Xilinx Spartan 6 series chip XC6SLX45. The sixth-generation Spartan 6 FPGA is based on the widely recognized low-power 45nm, 9-metal copper layer, dual-gate oxide process technology, providing advanced power management technology, 150,000 logic cells, hard-core DRAM memory, and various IPs. It is one of Xlinx's most widely used and technologically mature FPGA series. The FPGA main control module primarily handles camera configuration and video data acquisition, DDR3-SDRAM data storage and retrieval, and HDMI interface chip configuration and video data transmission. Its hardware circuitry also includes power supply circuitry, reset circuitry, crystal oscillator circuitry, download circuitry, and SPI Flash configuration circuitry.

[0051] To address the caching issue of high-speed, high-capacity video data, this system uses the Micron MT41J256M16HA-125 4Gbit DDR3-SDRAM memory chip as the cache medium. A0-A14 are the address bus, B0-B3 are the Bank addresses; the FPGA controls the data storage location in the DDR3-SDRAM by controlling the address bus and Bank addresses. D0-D15 are the data bus, connected in parallel with the FPGA. CLK-N and CLK-P are differential clock input ports; the clock frequency in this system is set to 312.5MHz. The FPGA controls the read and write operations of the DDR3-SDRAM through the Column Address Select (CAS), Row Address Select (RAS), and Write Enable (WE) signals. Performance optimization is achieved by controlling the ODT to enable on-chip resistors and prevent data line interruption reflections. DQS is the synchronization signal between the DDR3-SDRAM and the controller; it is bidirectional, issued by the controller when writing data and by the memory when reading data. DM is the data mask signal. Since only Bank1 and Bank3 of the Spartan6 series FPGA have MCB hard cores, in this system, Bank3 of the FPGA is connected to DDR3-SDRAM with a port voltage standard of 1.5V. In the FPGA UCF, the IO standard needs to be set to SSTL15_II.

[0052] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0053] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection of this utility model. The implementation methods of this utility model have been described in detail above, but this utility model is not limited to the above-described implementation methods. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this utility model.

Claims

1. An agricultural soil moisture monitoring system, characterized in that: It includes multiple monitoring terminals for collecting agricultural data, as well as a data transmission device and a cloud platform; the multiple monitoring terminals are connected and communicate with the data transmission device, and the data transmission device is connected and communicates with the monitoring terminals. The monitoring terminal includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a multiplexer, a signal processing module, an analog-to-digital converter, a first controller module, a data transmission module, a positioning module, and a power supply module. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, and carbon dioxide sensor are connected to the first controller module sequentially via the signal processing module and the analog-to-digital converter, respectively. The data transmission module, positioning module, and power supply module are also connected to the first controller module. The data transmission device includes a LoRa module, a second controller module, and a 4G gateway; the LoRa module and the 4G gateway are respectively connected to the second controller module. The cloud platform includes a data transceiver module, a third controller module, a display module, a data storage module, a clock chip, an alarm circuit, and a power supply module. The data transceiver module, display module, data storage module, clock chip, alarm circuit, and power supply module are all connected to the third controller module.

2. The agricultural soil moisture monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module includes a solar photovoltaic panel, an anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit, a battery, and a power detection module. The solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery via the anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit, and the power detection module is connected to the battery. The battery and the power detection module are respectively connected to the first controller module.

3. The agricultural soil moisture monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-reverse current voltage regulator circuit includes a voltage input Vin terminal, capacitors C1 and C2, a chip LM2596, an inductor L1, diodes D3 and D4, and a voltage output Vout terminal. The voltage input Vin terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and the +VIN pin of chip LM2596. The other end of capacitor C1 is grounded. The GND pin of chip LM2596 is grounded. The ON / OFF pin of chip LM2596 is grounded. The OUTPUT pin of chip LM2596 is connected to one end of inductor L1 and the cathode of diode D3. The FEEDBACK pin of chip LM2596 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, the anode of diode D4, and one end of capacitor C2. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The anode of diode D3 is grounded. The cathode of diode D4 is connected to the voltage output Vout terminal.

4. The agricultural soil moisture monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, and a third operational amplifier. The signal input -IN terminal is connected to one end of the first resistor. The other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the first capacitor, one end of the third resistor, and the negative power supply pin of the first operational amplifier. The other end of the first capacitor is connected to the other end of the third resistor and the output pin of the first operational amplifier. The signal input +IN terminal is connected to one end of the second resistor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the positive power supply pin of the first operational amplifier and one end of the fourth resistor. One end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor and grounded. The output pin of the first operational amplifier is connected to one end of the fifth resistor. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive power supply pin of the second operational amplifier. The negative power supply pin of the second operational amplifier is connected to the negative power supply pin of the third operational amplifier. The positive power supply pin of the third operational amplifier is connected to one end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor. The other end of the ninth resistor is grounded. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor and the output pin of the second operational amplifier. The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor. The other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to one end of the ninth resistor. The other end of the ninth resistor is connected to one end of the third capacitor. The other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

5. The agricultural soil moisture monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiplexing switch uses an AMC4601 chip.

6. The agricultural soil moisture monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analog-to-digital converter used is an AD7794.

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