Intelligent electronic switch, integrated circuit chip, chip product and automobile

Abstract

The application provides an intelligent electronic switch, an integrated circuit chip, a chip product and an automobile. A load type detection unit and a control unit are arranged in the intelligent electronic switch, and a load type indication unit is arranged in the load. After the load type detection unit is connected with the load type indication unit, the load type detection unit can communicate with the load type indication unit to obtain the type information of the load, and then the load indication information corresponding to the type of the load is output to the control unit, so that the control unit controls the power switch based on the load indication information. The type of the load is one of an inductive load, a capacitive load and a resistance load. In the scheme, the intelligent electronic switch can control the power switch based on the obtained load indication information corresponding to the type of the load, and can control the current flowing through the power switch and the voltage amplitude of the load output end, thereby avoiding the problem that the power switch may be damaged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic circuit, in particular to an intelligent electronic switch, an integrated circuit chip, a chip product and an automobile. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of electricization, intelligentization and networking of new energy vehicles, the functions of vehicles are becoming more and more complex, and the realization of these functions requires different loads and different actuators to complete. Among them, the intelligent electronic switch (which can also be high-side drive or low-side drive) is used for driving and switching of in-vehicle loads, which can drive various resistive loads, inductive loads and capacitive loads in the vehicle body control domain, and is widely used in and out of the vehicle.

[0003] In actual application, the type of load connected by the intelligent electronic switch applied in different positions of the vehicle can be different, and the volt-ampere characteristics of different types of loads are different. When the power switch in the intelligent electronic switch is turned on by using the same driving strategy, the impact on the power switch is different. For example, for capacitive loads, if the power switch is driven by using the driving strategy for resistive loads, there will be a large current flowing through the power switch when it is just turned on. The large current can trigger abnormal protection, causing false abnormality or false protection, and in addition, the large current can damage the power switch, thereby reducing the stability of the intelligent electronic switch. Therefore, it is very necessary for the intelligent electronic switch to determine the type of load connected and to drive and control it accordingly. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an intelligent electronic switch, an integrated circuit chip, a chip product and an automobile to solve the problem that the intelligent electronic switch can be damaged during driving.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an intelligent electronic switch, comprising: a power supply end, a power ground end, a load output end, a power switch and a control unit;

[0006] The power supply end and the power ground end are used to be connected with a battery, the power switch is used to be connected in series with a load, a first end of the power switch is connected with the power supply end or the power ground end, a second end of the power switch is connected with the load output end, and a control end of the power switch is connected with the control unit, the control unit is used to control the power switch to be turned on or turned off;

[0007] The intelligent electronic switch further comprises a load type detection unit, the load type detection unit is connected with the control unit, and the load type detection unit is further used to be connected with a load type indication unit of the load;

[0008] The load type detection unit is configured to communicate with the load type indication unit to obtain type information of the load, wherein the type of the load is one of an inductive load, a capacitive load, and a resistive load.

[0009] The load type detection unit is configured to output corresponding load indication information to the control unit based on the type of the load, and the control unit is configured to control the power switch based on the load indication information.

[0010] In a possible design of the first aspect, the intelligent electronic switch further includes an anomaly detection unit.

[0011] The anomaly detection unit is connected to the control unit, and the control unit is further connected to a microprocessor. The anomaly detection unit is configured to output anomaly confirmation information when detecting that the load is abnormal.

[0012] The control unit is further configured to determine whether the anomaly is a true anomaly based on the load indication information when receiving the anomaly confirmation information, and output load anomaly indication information if the anomaly is a true anomaly, or ignore the anomaly if the anomaly is not a true anomaly. The load anomaly indication information is configured to trigger the microprocessor connected to the control unit to latch an output off signal or power down the intelligent electronic switch.

[0013] Optionally, when the microprocessor latches the output off signal, the intelligent electronic switch is in a powered state. The anomaly detection unit is further configured to output anomaly disappearance information when detecting that the load returns to normal. The control unit is configured to output load anomaly release information when receiving the anomaly disappearance information, and the load anomaly release information is configured to trigger the microprocessor to release the latched output of the off signal.

[0014] In another possible design of the first aspect, the intelligent electronic switch further includes a voltage-current characteristic detection unit, which is connected to the control unit and the load output terminal respectively. The voltage-current characteristic detection unit is configured to sample a signal of the load output terminal to obtain load voltage-current characteristic information, and store the load voltage-current characteristic information.

[0015] The control unit is further configured to store the load indication information, and control the voltage-current characteristic detection unit to detect real-time voltage-current characteristic information of the load in real time when controlling the power switch based on the load indication information after the intelligent electronic switch is powered on again.

[0016] The volt-ampere characteristic detection unit outputs a load type re-acquisition instruction when consistency between the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information and the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information is lower than a preset requirement, the control unit controls the load type detection unit to communicate with the load type indication unit to re-acquire the load indication information corresponding to the type of the connected load after receiving the load type re-acquisition instruction, and the control unit updates the stored load indication information.

[0017] In a further possible design of the first aspect, the intelligent electronic switch further includes a load replacement detection unit;

[0018] The load replacement detection unit is connected with the load output end and the control unit, and is configured to detect whether the load connected to the load output end is replaced when the power switch is in an off state, and output a load replacement signal when it is determined that the load is replaced.

[0019] The control unit controls the load type detection unit to communicate with the load type indication unit to re-acquire the load indication information corresponding to the type of the connected load after receiving the load replacement signal.

[0020] In a further possible design of the first aspect, the load type detection unit is configured to communicate with the load type indication unit to obtain the type information of the load when the intelligent electronic switch is powered on.

[0021] In a further possible design of the first aspect, the intelligent electronic switch further includes a power supply output end, one end of the power supply output end is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply end, and the other end of the power supply output end is configured to be connected with the load type indication unit of the load.

[0022] The power supply end is configured to supply power to the load type indication unit through the power supply output end, so that the load type detection unit communicates with the load type indication unit.

[0023] Optionally, the intelligent electronic switch further includes a switch tube, a first end of the switch tube is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply end, a second end of the switch tube is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply output end, and a control end of the switch tube is connected with the control unit.

[0024] The control unit controls the switch tube to be turned on to enable the power supply end to supply power to the load type indication unit through the power supply output end, so that the load type detection unit communicates with the load type indication unit, and the control unit is further configured to control the switch tube to be turned off to stop supplying power to the load type indication unit after receiving the load indication information.

[0025] In a further possible design of the first aspect, the control unit drives the power switch to be turned on for a first preset time duration with the first driving signal, so that the power supply end supplies power to the load type indication unit within the first preset time duration, to realize the communication between the load type detection unit and the load type indication unit.

[0026] In the first preset time duration, the output current of the power switch is a first current, and the first current is less than or equal to the current when the load normally works.

[0027] In the second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide an integrated circuit chip, including the intelligent electronic switch as described in the first aspect and possible designs.

[0028] In the third aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a chip product, including the intelligent electronic switch as described in the first aspect and possible designs.

[0029] In the third aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a chip product, including the intelligent electronic switch as described in the first aspect and possible designs.

[0030] In the fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide an automobile, including the intelligent electronic switch as described in the first aspect and possible designs, or the integrated circuit chip as described in the second aspect, or the chip product as described in the third aspect.

[0031] Further including a battery, a load and a microprocessor, wherein the positive electrode of the battery is connected with the power supply end, the negative electrode of the battery is connected with the power ground end, the load includes a load type indication unit, the load type indication unit is connected with the load type detection unit of the intelligent electronic switch, one end of the load is connected with the load output end, the other end of the load is connected with the power ground end or the power supply end, and the microprocessor is connected with the control unit of the intelligent electronic switch.

[0032] In a possible design of the fourth aspect, the intelligent electronic switch outputs load abnormality indication information when it is determined that the connected load is a true abnormality, and the microprocessor powers off the intelligent electronic switch after receiving the load abnormality indication information.

[0033] The microprocessor powers on the intelligent electronic switch upon receiving the exception elimination information triggered after the load exception is eliminated.

[0034] In another possible design of the fourth aspect, the intelligent electronic switch outputs load exception indication information when determining that the connected load is a true exception, and the microprocessor locks output of the off signal to keep the power switch off upon receiving the load exception indication information.

[0035] The microprocessor releases the lock on the off signal output upon receiving exception elimination information output by the intelligent electronic switch when detecting that the load is back to normal.

[0036] Optionally, the automobile is an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a fuel vehicle, and the load includes at least one of a resistive load, an inductive load, and a capacitive load.

[0037] The intelligent electronic switch, integrated circuit chip, chip product, and automobile provided in the present application can detect the type of the load by setting a load type detection unit and a control unit in the intelligent electronic switch and a load type indication unit in the load. After the load type detection unit is connected to the load type indication unit, the load type detection unit can communicate with the load type indication unit to obtain the type information of the load, and then output load indication information corresponding to the type of the load to the control unit, so that the control unit controls the power switch based on the load indication information. The type of the load is one of an inductive load, a capacitive load, and a resistive load. In this solution, the intelligent electronic switch can control the power switch based on the obtained load indication information corresponding to the type of the load, and can control the current flowing through the power switch and the voltage increase of the load output end, thereby avoiding the problem that the power switch may be damaged during the driving of the intelligent electronic switch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0039] Figure 1 is a circuit module schematic diagram of an intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a circuit module schematic diagram of an intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a circuit module schematic diagram of an intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided in the third embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 Figure 1 is a circuit module schematic diagram of an intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided by a fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 5 Figure 2 is a circuit module schematic diagram of an intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided by a fifth embodiment of the present application.

[0044] The specific embodiments of the present application have been shown through the above-mentioned drawings, and will be described in more detail hereinafter. These drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0046] The terms “include” and “have” and any variations thereof appearing in the specification, claims and drawings of the present application are intended to cover the non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can optionally include steps or units not listed, or can optionally include other steps or units inherent to the process, method, product or device.

[0047] In addition, the terms “first”, “second” and “third” and the like are used to distinguish different objects, and are not used to describe a specific order. The electrical connection of the present application includes direct electrical connection and indirect electrical connection, and the indirect electrical connection means that there can be other electronic components, pins and the like between the two components of the electrical connection. The XX terminal mentioned in the present application can be an actually existing terminal, or can not be an actually existing terminal, for example, only one end of a component or one end of a wire. The “and / or” mentioned in the present application includes three cases, for example, A and / or B includes A, B, A and B.

[0048] Switches play a role in controlling on-off in circuits and are widely used in the electrical field. At present, switches mainly have multiple implementation manners such as relays, self-recovery fuses, separated switch devices or intelligent electronic switches.

[0049] In the traditional way, the switch in the car is generally realized by the scheme of relay, but with the acceleration of the intelligent industry revolution of the car, the traditional relay switch scheme cannot realize the complex protection and diagnosis demand due to the limited function. The intelligent electronic switch can replace the relay due to the characteristics of high reliability, flexibility, low power consumption and small size, etc., and is used for driving and switching of the load in the car and protecting and diagnosing the load. Therefore, the intelligent electronic switch has gradually become the development trend of the switch.

[0050] In the field of automobile application, the intelligent electronic switch is mainly used for driving and switching of the load such as car lamp, valve, pump, motor, seat, steering wheel, rearview mirror, door lock, and monitoring the short circuit and open circuit, current and voltage of the load in the switching process, protecting and diagnosing the load. At the same time, the intelligent electronic switch integrates the clamping off function, provides support for the switching energy processing capacity, reduces the design difficulty and battery energy consumption, and saves the system cost.

[0051] In actual application, since the load connected by the intelligent electronic switch can include at least one of resistive load, inductive load and capacitive load, the resistive load is for example seat adjustment device, auxiliary heating device, window heating device, light emitting diode (LED), rear lighting or other resistive load, the inductive load is for example pump, actuator, motor, anti-lock braking system (ABS), electronic braking system (EBS), fan or other system including inductive load for one or more wiper systems, and the capacitive load is for example lighting element such as xenon arc lamp. Since the volt-ampere characteristics of different types of loads are different, in actual application, when the power switch in the intelligent electronic switch is turned on, the voltage and load current at the load output end have different change trends. For example, if the load connected by the intelligent electronic switch is resistive load, the voltage and current at the load output end rapidly enter the stable state after the power switch is completely opened. If the load connected by the intelligent electronic switch is capacitive load, the voltage at the load output end slowly rises at the moment when the power switch is turned on, but the load current sharply increases, which may damage the power switch or cause the power switch to fail to open due to over-temperature or over-current protection mechanism, for example, it may be mistaken as a load short circuit to cause false protection and cause the power switch to fail to open. If the load connected by the intelligent electronic switch is inductive load, the voltage at the load output end sharply increases to the power supply voltage at the moment when the power switch is turned on, which may damage the intelligent electronic switch.

[0052] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of intelligent electronic switch, by being provided with load type detection unit and control unit in intelligent electronic switch, load type indicating unit is provided in load, so after load type detection unit and load type indicating unit are connected, load type detection unit can communicate with load type indicating unit to obtain the type information of load, and then the load indicating information corresponding to the type of load is output to control unit, so that control unit controls power switch based on the load indicating information.Power switch can be controlled based on the load indicating information corresponding to the type of load obtained in the scheme, the current size flowing through power switch and the voltage increment of load output end can be controlled, and the problem that power switch can be damaged in the driving process of intelligent electronic switch is avoided.

[0053] The technical scheme of the present application and how the technical scheme of the present application solves the above technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 It is a kind of circuit module schematic diagram of intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided by the first embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1 The intelligent electronic switch 20 includes power supply end VCC, power ground end GND, load output end OUT, power switch K1 and control unit 21.

[0055] Among them, power supply end VCC and power ground end GND are used to be connected with battery 10, power switch K1 is used to be connected in series with load 30, its first end is connected with power supply end VCC or power ground end GND, its second end is connected with load output end OUT, and its control end is connected with control unit 21, and the control unit 21 is used to control power switch K1 to open or cut off.

[0056] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 The first end of power switch K1 is connected with the positive pole of battery 10, and at this time, the power switch K1 is connected as high side switch (high side switch), which is connected between the positive pole of battery 10 and load 30.In other embodiments of the present application, the first end of power switch K1 is connected with the negative pole of battery 10, i.e. power switch K1 is connected between the negative pole of battery 10 and load 30, and at this time, the power switch K1 is connected as low side switch (low side switch), which will not be described here.

[0057] It can be understood that, in actual application, the first end of the power switch K1 and the power supply end VCC can be realized through the same terminal, or realized through different terminals, and the embodiment is not limited. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the first end of the power switch K1 and the power supply end VCC are different terminals, and in other embodiments, the first end of the power switch K1 is connected with the power supply end VCC inside the intelligent electronic switch, that is, for the intelligent electronic switch, the first end of the power switch K1 and the power supply end VCC are the same terminal.

[0058] Continuing to refer to Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the intelligent electronic switch 20 further includes a load type detection unit 22 connected with the control unit 21, and the load type detection unit 22 is further used to be connected with the load type indication unit 31 of the load 30.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, the load type detection unit 22 is used to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 to obtain the type information of the load 30, wherein the type of the load 30 is one of an inductive load, a capacitive load and a resistive load. The load type detection unit 22 outputs corresponding load indication information to the control unit 21 based on the type of the load 30, and the control unit 21 controls the power switch K1 based on the received load indication information.

[0060] In actual application, there are many triggering modes for the load type detection unit 22 to communicate with the load type indication unit 31, for example, the intelligent electronic switch 20 is powered on, the load 30 connected with the intelligent electronic switch 20 is replaced, the intelligent electronic switch 20 receives a load type acquisition signal (load type acquisition indication), and the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information of the load 30 is poor in consistency with the load volt-ampere characteristic information stored in the intelligent electronic switch 20, and the like, which can trigger the intelligent electronic switch 20 to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 through the load type detection unit 22 to obtain the type information of the load 30. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can also obtain the type information of the load 30 through other modes, which can be determined according to actual scene, and details are not described herein.

[0061] As an example, when the load 30 is powered on, the load 30 can actively report the type information of the load 30 to the load type detection unit 22 through the load type indication unit 31; as another example, the load 30 can also feed back the type information of the load 30 when receiving the request information of the load type detection unit 22, and the specific case can be determined according to actual demand, and details are not described herein.

[0062] It can be understood that in actual application, the load type detection unit 22 can also be used to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 to obtain other information of the load 30, so that the intelligent electronic switch 20 controls the power switch K1 more accurately according to the information of the load. For example, when the load is a capacitive load, the load type detection unit 22 can also be used to obtain the capacitance value, the theoretical charging time, the current output capability, etc. of the capacitive load, and when the load is an inductive load, the load type detection unit 22 can also be used to obtain the inductance value, the working current range, the withstand voltage value, the inductive current, etc. of the inductive load. The embodiments are not limited to the information obtained, which can be determined according to actual needs.

[0063] Optionally, in the embodiment, continuing to refer to Figure 1 It can be understood that in actual application, the load type detection unit 22 can also be used to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 to obtain other information of the load 30, so that the intelligent electronic switch 20 controls the power switch K1 more accurately according to the information of the load. For example, when the load is a capacitive load, the load type detection unit 22 can also be used to obtain the capacitance value, the theoretical charging time, the current output capability, etc. of the capacitive load, and when the load is an inductive load, the load type detection unit 22 can also be used to obtain the inductance value, the working current range, the withstand voltage value, the inductive current, etc. of the inductive load. The embodiments are not limited to the information obtained, which can be determined according to actual needs.

[0064] In the embodiments of the present application, the load indication information can be used to indicate the type of the load 30, so that the control unit 21 determines the type of the load 30 based on the load indication information after receiving the enable signal, and then controls the power switch K1 according to the type of the load 30. For example, when the load 30 is a resistive load, the control unit 21 can control the power switch K1 based on the control strategy of the resistive load, such as directly controlling the power switch K1 to open and conduct. When the load 30 is an inductive load or a capacitive load, the control unit 21 needs to control the power switch K1 based on the control strategy of the inductive load or the capacitive load, for example, first pre-processes the load 30, and then controls the power switch K1 to open and conduct in a normal manner. For example, the pre-processing of the capacitive load by the control unit 21 can be explained as follows: first open the power switch K1 for a preset time, and then control the power switch K1 to close and cut off, so as to achieve a pre-charge processing of the load. After multiple pre-charge processes, the electric quantity of the capacitive load is increased, so that when the power switch K1 is normally opened and conducted, the voltage on the capacitive load is relatively large, and the electric quantity of the capacitive load will not affect the normal use of the power switch K1. For example, the pre-processing of the inductive load by the control unit 21 can be explained as follows: first drive with a small current, and then gradually increase to the normal driving current, so as to slowly increase the voltage at the power supply output end to the normal value. In this way, the power switch K1 is protected, and the risk of misjudgment of the intelligent electronic switch is reduced.

[0065] Optionally, a fuse (not shown) can be connected in series between the battery 10 and the power supply terminal VCC to prevent faults caused by excessive current in the circuit. Other components, such as an anti-reverse connection diode and a current-limiting resistor connected in parallel, can also be provided between the power supply ground terminal GND and the negative electrode of the battery 10 to improve the stability of the intelligent electronic switch.

[0066] Optionally, in Figure 1 In the schematic diagram shown, the connection relationship between the control unit 21, the load type detection unit 22, etc. and the power supply unit is not shown, but in actual applications, a power supply unit can be provided inside the intelligent electronic switch 20, one end of the power supply unit is connected to the power supply terminal VCC, and the other end is connected to the control unit 21, the load type detection unit 22, etc. to provide power to the control unit 21, the load type detection unit 22, or other circuits after the voltage of the power supply terminal VCC is stepped down. In other embodiments, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can also not be provided with a power supply unit, and a voltage reduction unit needs to be provided between the power supply terminal VCC and the positive electrode of the battery 10 to reduce the voltage input to the power supply terminal VCC to the rated operating voltage of the control unit 21 and the load type detection unit 22, etc. so that the voltage at the power supply terminal VCC can directly power the units inside the intelligent electronic switch 20, and the present application does not limit it.

[0067] In the embodiments of the present application, by providing a load type detection unit and a control unit in the intelligent electronic switch and a load type indication unit in the load, after the load type detection unit is connected to the load type indication unit, the load type detection unit can communicate with the load type indication unit to obtain the type information of the load, and then output the load indication information corresponding to the type of the load to the control unit, so that the control unit controls the power switch based on the load indication information. The type of the load is one of an inductive load, a capacitive load, and a resistive load. In this scheme, the intelligent electronic switch can control the power switch based on the load indication information corresponding to the type of the load, and can control the current flowing through the power switch and the voltage increase of the load output end, avoiding the situation that the power switch is subjected to a large current impact or the voltage of the load output end surges to the power supply voltage, and solving the problem that the intelligent electronic switch is damaged during driving.

[0068] The above embodiments are a general introduction to the intelligent electronic switch 20, and the following different embodiments will explain the load abnormality processing, load type acquisition, and power supply principle of the intelligent electronic switch 20, etc. It can be understood that each of the following embodiments is based on the above Figure 1 The embodiments shown are based on the principle of explanation.

[0069] Optionally, Figure 2Fig. 2 is a circuit module schematic diagram of the intelligent electronic switch and peripheral elements provided by the second embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the intelligent electronic switch 20 further comprises an abnormality detection unit 23. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the intelligent electronic switch 20 further comprises an abnormality detection unit 23.

[0070] The abnormality detection unit 23 is connected with the control unit 21, and the control unit 21 is further connected with the microprocessor 40. The abnormality detection unit 23 is configured to output abnormality confirmation information when detecting that the load 30 is abnormal.

[0071] Optionally, in this embodiment, the control unit 21 is further configured to determine whether the abnormality is a true abnormality based on the load indication information when receiving the abnormality confirmation information, and output load abnormality indication information if yes, and ignore the abnormality if no; wherein the load abnormality indication information is used to trigger the microprocessor 40 connected with the control unit 21 to lock the output of the off signal or power off the intelligent electronic switch 20.

[0072] In the embodiments of the present application, the intelligent electronic switch 20 is internally provided with the abnormality detection unit 23, which can detect whether the load 30 is abnormal, and when the load 30 is abnormal, the abnormality detection unit 23 outputs abnormality confirmation information to the control unit 21. Correspondingly, after receiving the abnormality confirmation information, the control unit 21 can determine whether the load 30 is truly abnormal based on the type of the abnormality and the aforementioned load indication information.

[0073] For example, the load abnormality can include load short circuit, load open circuit, etc. In actual application, the load abnormality can be reflected by detecting at least one parameter change of the output current of the power switch K1, the voltage of the load output end OUT or the control end voltage of the power switch K1, etc. Therefore, in this embodiment, in addition to being connected with the control unit 21, the abnormality detection unit 23 also needs to be connected with at least one end of the power switch K1, so as to determine whether the load 30 is abnormal according to the detected voltage or voltage change. For example, when the power switch K1 is connected as a high-side switch, if the current of the load output end OUT suddenly becomes large or the voltage suddenly decreases to 0 or close to 0, it may be that the load is short-circuited, and if the current of the load output end OUT suddenly decreases to 0 or close to 0 or the voltage suddenly increases to close to the voltage of the power supply end VCC, it may be that the load is open-circuited. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the types and forms of load abnormality, which can be determined according to actual scenarios, and thus will not be described here.

[0074] Optionally, when the abnormality detecting unit 23 detects a possible load short circuit, it sends an abnormality confirmation information to the control unit 21, so that the control unit 21 confirms the abnormality. As an example, when the control unit 21 determines that the load 30 is a capacitive load based on the load indication information, the control unit 21 may consider that the load does not have a real short circuit, but is caused by the current characteristic of the capacitive load, and thus the control unit 21 considers that the abnormality detected by the abnormality detecting unit 23 is a false abnormality, and the control unit 21 can ignore the abnormality.

[0075] As another example, when the control unit 21 determines that the load 30 is a resistive load based on the load indication information, the control unit 21 considers that the load has a real short circuit, i.e., the abnormality detected by the abnormality detecting unit 23 is a true abnormality, and the control unit 21 outputs a load abnormality indication information to make the microprocessor 40 connected to the control unit 21 lock an output off signal or power off the intelligent electronic switch 20.

[0076] In a possible design, after the microprocessor 40 receives the load abnormality indication information, in order to protect the intelligent electronic switch 20 from being damaged, the microprocessor 40 no longer outputs an on enable signal, but locks an output off signal, so that the power switch K1 of the intelligent electronic switch 20 is turned off or kept in an off state when the load has a true abnormality.

[0077] In another possible design, after the microprocessor 40 receives the load abnormality indication information, the microprocessor 40 can also directly power off the intelligent electronic switch 20. Optionally, as shown in Figure 1 The positive electrode of the battery 10 and the power supply end VCC are connected with a switch unit 50, a control end of the switch unit 50 is connected with the microprocessor 40, and the microprocessor 40 can control the switch state of the switch unit 50 to realize power on and power off of the intelligent electronic switch 20. Thus, when the microprocessor 40 receives the load abnormality indication information, the microprocessor 40 can turn off the switch unit 50 to power off the intelligent electronic switch 20. Correspondingly, when the microprocessor 40 determines that the load abnormality is removed or the load has been replaced, the microprocessor 40 can turn on the switch unit 50 to power on the intelligent electronic switch 20.

[0078] Optionally, when the microprocessor 40 locks the output off signal, the intelligent electronic switch 20 is in a powered state, and at this time, the abnormality detecting unit 23 is further configured to output an abnormality disappearance information when detecting that the load returns to normal, and the control unit 21 outputs a load abnormality removal information after receiving the abnormality disappearance information, the load abnormality removal information is used to trigger the microprocessor 40 to release the latch output of the off signal.

[0079] In the embodiment, during the period that the microprocessor 40 latches the output of the off signal, the smart electronic switch 20 is still powered, and the circuits inside the smart electronic switch 20 can work normally, so the abnormality detection unit 23 can still detect whether the load abnormality continues to exist. If the abnormality detection unit 23 detects that the load abnormality disappears, i.e., the load returns to normal, the abnormality detection unit 23 will output an abnormality disappearance information, so that the control unit 21 outputs a load abnormality removal information to the microprocessor 40, so that the microprocessor 40 releases the latching of the output of the off signal, and then controls the on-off state of the power switch K1 according to the requirement, so as to ensure the safety of the smart electronic switch 20 during use.

[0080] In the embodiment, the abnormality detection unit of the smart electronic switch can detect whether the load is abnormal, and the control unit can determine whether the abnormality detected by the abnormality detection unit is a true abnormality according to the load indication information, and ignore the false abnormality. If it is a true abnormality, the control unit outputs a load abnormality indication information to the microprocessor, so that the microprocessor latches the output of the off signal or powers off the smart electronic switch, so as to protect the power switch from being damaged.

[0081] On the basis of the above-mentioned Figure 1 embodiment, Figure 3 is a circuit module schematic diagram of the smart electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided by the third embodiment of the present application. As Figure 3 shown, in the embodiment, the smart electronic switch 20 further comprises a volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24 connected with the control unit 21 and the load output end OUT. The volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24 is used to sample the signal of the load output end OUT at the initial power-on or according to a preset time interval to obtain load volt-ampere characteristic information, and store the load volt-ampere characteristic information. The control unit 21 is further used to store the above-mentioned load indication information. When the smart electronic switch 20 is powered on again, the control unit 21 controls the power switch K1 based on the load indication information, and controls the volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24 to detect the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information of the load in real time.

[0082] The control unit 21 controls the load type detection unit 22 to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 to reacquire the load indication information corresponding to the type of the connected load after receiving the load type reacquisition indication, and correspondingly, the control unit 21 updates the stored load indication information. If the consistency of the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information and the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information meets the preset requirement, the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information at this time can replace the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information, or the replacement can not be performed.

[0083] Generally, the load in the vehicle is not frequently replaced, and sometimes even if the load is replaced, the probability of the load type being replaced is small. Therefore, in order to reduce the power consumption of the intelligent electronic switch 20, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can be provided with a volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24. In this way, when the intelligent electronic switch 20 is powered on for the first time or after the load type is replaced, the volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24 can sample the signal at the load output end OUT and obtain the load volt-ampere characteristic information, and then store the load volt-ampere characteristic information. Correspondingly, the control unit 21 also stores the load indication information obtained during the power-on process of the intelligent electronic switch 20. In this way, after the intelligent electronic switch 20 is powered on again, if the load connected to the intelligent electronic switch 20 is not replaced or the load type is not changed, the control unit 21 can not need to obtain the load indication information from the load type detection unit 22, but can control the power switch K1 based on the stored load indication information.

[0084] Of course, in order to solve the problem that the vehicle load is indeed replaced and the load type is indeed replaced, when the control unit 21 controls the power switch K1 based on the stored load indication information after the intelligent electronic switch 20 is powered on again, the volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24 can detect the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information of the load 30 in real time, and compare the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information with the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information. As an example, if the consistency of the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information and the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information meets the requirements, it indicates that the load 30 is not replaced or the type of the load 30 after replacement is the same as the type of the original load. At this time, the control unit 21 can continue to control the power switch K1 according to the stored load indication information. As another example, if the consistency of the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information and the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information is poor and the consistency is lower than the preset requirement, the volt-ampere characteristic detection unit 24 outputs a load type re-acquisition indication, so that the control unit 21 triggers the load type detection unit 22 to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 of the load 30 to obtain the type information of the load 30, and then controls the power switch K1 based on the load indication information corresponding to the type of the load 30.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing a volt-ampere characteristic detection unit in the intelligent electronic switch, when the control unit controls the power switch using the stored load indication information, the volt-ampere characteristic detection unit can detect the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information of the load in real time. Only when the consistency of the real-time volt-ampere characteristic information and the stored load volt-ampere characteristic information is lower than the preset requirement, the control unit triggers the load type detection unit to obtain the type information of the load, and the control unit updates the stored load indication information. This technical solution can effectively reduce the number of communications between the intelligent electronic switch and the load, and reduce the power consumption.

[0086] Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment,Figure 4 is a circuit module schematic diagram of the intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, Figure 4 In this embodiment, the intelligent electronic switch 20 further includes a load replacement detection unit 25. The load replacement detection unit 25 is connected with the load output end OUT and the control unit 21, and is used to detect whether the load connected with the load output end OUT is replaced when the power switch K1 is in the off state, and output a load replacement signal when it is determined that the load is replaced. Correspondingly, the control unit 21 controls the load type detection unit 22 to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 to reacquire the load indication information of the type of the connected load 30 when receiving the load replacement signal.

[0087] In actual application, there is a scenario that the accessories are replaced without power-off of the vehicle. At this time, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can be provided with a load replacement detection unit 25, and the load replacement detection unit 25 is connected with the load output end OUT and the control unit 21 respectively. Since the voltage of the load output end OUT will change when the load 30 connected with the intelligent electronic switch 20 is replaced, the load replacement detection unit 25 can determine whether the load 30 is replaced by detecting the voltage change of the load output end OUT, and output a load replacement signal to the control unit 21 when it is determined that the load 30 is replaced, so that the control unit 21 controls the load type detection unit 22 to communicate with the load type indication unit 31 to reacquire the load indication information of the type of the replaced load.

[0088] As an example, continuing to refer to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the load replacement detection unit 25 includes a first branch and a first comparator 250, and the first branch includes a first switch tube M1 and a first resistor R1 connected in series.

[0089] Among them, the first branch, the first end of which is connected with the first end of the power switch K1, and the second end of which is connected with the load output end OUT, and the control end of the first switch tube M1 is connected with the control unit 21. For example, in the structure schematic diagram shown in Figure 4 The first end of the first switch tube M1 is connected with the first end of the power switch K1, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the load output end OUT; while in other embodiments, the first end of the first resistor R1 can be connected with the first end of the power switch K1, and the second end of the first switch tube M1 is connected with the load output end OUT. The connection mode of the first branch with the power switch K1 and the load output end OUT can be determined according to actual needs, which will not be described here.

[0090] Referring to Figure 4In the embodiment shown, the first input terminal of the first comparator 250 is connected to the load output terminal OUT, the second input terminal of the first comparator 250 is connected to the first voltage threshold Vth, and the output terminal and the enable terminal EN of the first comparator 250 are both connected to the control unit 21. The control unit 21 controls the first switch tube Ml to be in the conducting state when the power switch K1 is in the off state, and controls the first comparator 250 to be in the working state. When the voltage at the load output terminal OUT is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold Vth, the first comparator 250 outputs a first level signal. Moreover, the control unit 21 determines that the load connected to the load output terminal OUT is replaced when the duration of the first level signal is greater than or equal to a first preset duration.

[0091] In the embodiment shown, Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the first input terminal of the first comparator 250 is connected to the load output terminal OUT, the second input terminal of the first comparator 250 is connected to the first voltage threshold Vth, and the output terminal and the enable terminal EN of the first comparator 250 are both connected to the control unit 21. The control unit 21 controls the first switch tube Ml to be in the conducting state when the power switch K1 is in the off state, and controls the first comparator 250 to be in the working state. When the voltage at the load output terminal OUT is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold Vth, the first comparator 250 outputs a first level signal. Moreover, the control unit 21 determines that the load connected to the load output terminal OUT is replaced when the duration of the first level signal is greater than or equal to a first preset duration.

[0092] In actual applications, in order to ensure personal safety during replacement of the load, relevant personnel usually replace the load when the power switch K1 is in the off state, and do not perform detection of replacement of the load when the power switch K1 is in the on state. Therefore, the control unit 21 can control the first switch tube Ml to be in the off state and the first comparator 250 to be not in the working state when the power switch K1 is in the on state, and control the first switch tube Ml to be in the conducting state and the first comparator 250 to be in the working state when the power switch K1 is in the off state. In this way, the first comparator 250 can compare the voltage at the load output terminal OUT collected by the first input terminal with the first voltage threshold Vth during the working period, and output a comparison result in real time. The comparison result can reflect whether the load is replaced, thereby improving the accuracy of detection of replacement of the load.

[0093] It can be understood that, Figure 4The embodiments shown above introduce the case that the intelligent electronic switch determines whether the load is replaced when the intelligent electronic switch is powered on. In other embodiments of the present application, the intelligent electronic switch 20 cannot determine whether the load 30 is replaced and replaced by other types of loads during power-off. Therefore, in the embodiments, when the intelligent electronic switch 20 is powered on for the first time or powered on after power-off, the load type detection unit 22 can trigger the load type indication unit 31 to obtain the type information of the load 30, and then determine the type of the load corresponding to the load indication information.

[0094] The above embodiments introduce that the load type detection unit 22 in the intelligent electronic switch 20 can communicate with the load type indication unit 31 in the load 30. However, the prerequisite for the two to communicate is that the load type indication unit 31 is normally powered. Therefore, the following embodiments introduce different implementation schemes for powering the load type indication unit 31 of the load.

[0095] In a possible implementation, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can also use the set power supply output end to power the load.

[0096] As an example, Figure 5 is a circuit module schematic diagram of the intelligent electronic switch and its peripheral elements provided by the fifth embodiment of the present application. As Figure 5 shown, in the embodiment, the intelligent electronic switch 20 further includes a power supply output end C1, one end of the power supply output end C1 is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply end VCC, and the other end of the power supply output end C1 is used to connect with the load type indication unit 31 of the load 30.

[0097] In a possible design, the power supply end VCC is used to power the load type indication unit 31 through the power supply output end C1, so that the load type detection unit 22 communicates with the load type indication unit 31. In the possible design, when the intelligent electronic switch 20 is powered on, the power supply output end C1 has a voltage output. Therefore, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can provide the voltage of the power supply end VCC to the load type indication unit 31 of the load 30 through the power supply output end C1, so that the power supply circuit of the load type detection unit 22 and the load type indication unit 31 is conducted, which lays a foundation for normal communication between the load type detection unit 22 and the load type indication unit 31.

[0098] Further, in order to reduce the power consumption of the intelligent electronic switch 20, refer to Figure 5As shown, in the embodiment, the intelligent electronic switch 20 further comprises a switch tube K2, a first end of the switch tube K2 is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply end VCC, a second end of the switch tube K2 is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply output end C1, and a control end of the switch tube K2 is connected with the control unit 21. In the embodiment, the control unit 21 controls the switch tube K2 to be turned on, so that the power supply end VCC supplies power to the load type indication unit 31 through the power supply output end C1, and the load type detection unit 22 communicates with the load type indication unit 31. Moreover, the control unit 21 is further used to control the switch tube K2 to be turned off after receiving the load indication information, so as to stop supplying power to the load type indication unit 31.

[0099] Optionally, Figure 5 In the embodiment, the first end of the switch tube K2 is directly connected with the power supply end VCC. In actual application, the switch tube K2 can also be connected between the control unit 21 or the load type detection unit 22 and the power supply end VCC, or connected between the control unit 21 or the load type detection unit 22 and the power supply output end C1, and the embodiment does not limit the connection position of the switch tube K2.

[0100] As an example, the switch tube K2 is connected between the load type detection unit 22 and the power supply end VCC. At this time, the power-on state of the load type detection unit 22 and the power supply output end C1 is related to the on-off state of the switch tube K2. When the switch tube K2 is turned on, the load type detection unit 22 is powered on and can work normally, and correspondingly, the power supply output end C1 has voltage output. When the switch tube K2 is turned off, the load type detection unit 22 is not powered on and cannot work normally, and at this time, the power supply output end C1 has no voltage output.

[0101] As another example, the switch tube K2 is connected between the load type detection unit 22 and the power supply output end C1. At this time, the power-on state of the load type detection unit 22 is not related to the on-off state of the switch tube K2, and the power-on state of the power supply output end C1 is related to the on-off state of the switch tube K2. When the switch tube K2 is turned on, the voltage of the power supply end VCC can be output to the power supply output end C1 through the load type detection unit 22, so that the power supply output end C1 has voltage output. When the switch tube K2 is turned off, the load type detection unit 22 can be powered on, but the power supply output end C1 has no voltage output, and the load type indication unit 31 of the load cannot work.

[0102] In the embodiment, the switch tube is arranged, so that the intelligent electronic switch turns on the switch tube when the intelligent electronic switch needs to acquire the load indication information, and turns off the switch tube at other times. In this way, the power consumption of the intelligent electronic switch can be effectively reduced, and the electrification time of the intelligent electronic switch is improved.

[0103] In another possible implementation, the intelligent electronic switch 20 can use the on-off state of the power switch K1 to supply power to the load. Referring to the intelligent electronic switch 20 shown in FIG. 1, in the intelligent electronic switch 20, the control unit 21 controls the power switch K1 to be turned on for a first preset time duration with a first driving signal, so that the power supply end VCC supplies power to the load type indication unit 31 for the first preset time duration, to realize the communication between the load type detection unit 22 and the load type indication unit 31; and during the first preset time duration, the output current of the power switch K1 is a first current, which is less than or equal to the current when the load 30 normally operates. Figures 1 to 4

[0104] As another example, after the power switch K1 is turned on, if the first current is equal to the current when the load 30 normally operates, the load 30 can normally operate for the first preset time duration. As another example, the first current is less than the current when the load 30 normally operates, but can turn on the load type indication unit 31 in the load 30, so that the load type detection unit 22 normally communicates with the load type indication unit 31, but cannot guarantee that other elements in the load normally operate. This implementation not only can minimize the power consumption of the communication process between the load and the intelligent electronic switch, but also can prohibit the load from operating before the load type is learned, thereby avoiding the risk of damage to the power switch K1 or the misjudgment of the intelligent electronic switch.

[0105] Optionally, based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application further provide an integrated circuit chip, which includes the intelligent electronic switch 20 in the above embodiments, i.e., the intelligent electronic switch 20 described above can be made on the same semiconductor substrate. Wherein, the power supply end VCC is a power supply pin, the power ground end GND is a power ground pin, and the load output end OUT is a load output pin.

[0106] Optionally, the other embodiments of the present application further provide a chip product, which can include the intelligent electronic switch 20 described above. Wherein, the elements of the intelligent electronic switch 20 except the power switch K1 (for example, the control unit 21, the load type detection unit 22, etc.) are located on a first integrated circuit chip, and the power switch K1 is located on a second integrated circuit chip, i.e., the first integrated circuit chip is made on one semiconductor substrate, and the second integrated circuit chip is made on another semiconductor substrate.

[0107] ​The power supply end VCC is a power supply pin, the power ground end GND is a power ground pin, and the load output end OUT is a load output pin. The power supply pin and the power ground pin are located on the first integrated circuit chip, and the load output pin is located on the second integrated circuit chip. In addition, the first integrated circuit chip further includes other pins, such as input pins, communication pins, and power supply output pins, and the second integrated circuit chip further includes other pins, such as communication pins and power supply interfaces. It can be understood that the first integrated circuit chip and the second integrated circuit chip can also add other pins, omit related pins, or combine related pins as needed. Here, the first integrated circuit chip and the second integrated circuit chip are packaged into one product.

[0108] In addition, in other embodiments of the present application, an automobile is also provided, which can be an electric vehicle, such as an electric passenger car or an electric commercial vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle or a fuel vehicle. For example, referring to the above embodiments, the automobile includes a battery 10, a load 30, a microprocessor 40, and an intelligent electronic switch 20. The positive electrode of the battery 10 is connected to the power supply end VCC, and the negative electrode of the battery 10 is connected to the power ground end GND. The load 30 includes a load type indication unit 31 connected to the load type detection unit 22 of the intelligent electronic switch 20. One end of the load 30 is connected to the load output end OUT, and the other end of the load 30 is connected to the power ground end GND or the power supply end VCC. The microprocessor 40 is connected to the control unit 21 of the intelligent electronic switch 20. The microprocessor 40 is used to control the intelligent electronic switch 20, and the intelligent electronic switch 20 feeds back its state and related parameter information, such as diagnostic related parameter information, abnormality detection results, and load replacement detection results, to the microprocessor 40 for processing.

[0109] The battery 10 is generally a storage battery that provides 12V, 24V, 48V, or other voltages to the outside. Of course, it can also be other types of batteries.

[0110] As an example, when the intelligent electronic switch 20 determines that the connected load is a true abnormality and outputs load abnormality indication information, the microprocessor 40 powers off the intelligent electronic switch 20 after receiving the load abnormality indication information. Correspondingly, the microprocessor 40 powers up the intelligent electronic switch 20 when receiving abnormality exclusion information triggered after the load abnormality is excluded. In this example, when the load is abnormal, the microprocessor 40 directly powers off the intelligent electronic switch 20, suspending the use of the intelligent electronic switch 20 and the load 30, to avoid safety hazards caused by the true abnormal load during use.

[0111] As another example, when the intelligent electronic switch 20 outputs the load abnormality indication information upon determining that the connected load is a true abnormality, the microprocessor 40 locks the output of the shutdown signal upon receiving the load abnormality indication information to keep the power switch K1 off, and correspondingly, the microprocessor 40 releases the lock of the output of the shutdown signal upon receiving the abnormality elimination information, which is outputted by the intelligent electronic switch 20 upon detecting that the load returns to normal. In this example, when the load is abnormal, the microprocessor 40 locks the output of the shutdown signal, so that the power switch K1 in the intelligent electronic switch 20 is off or remains in the off state, which can also avoid the safety hazard problem of the true abnormal load in use.

[0112] Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.

[0113] It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the precise construction described in the specification and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. The scope of the application is to be defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. An intelligent electronic switch, characterized in that, The application relates to an intelligent electronic switch. The intelligent electronic switch comprises a power supply end, a power ground end, a load output end, a power switch and a control unit. The power supply end and the power ground end are used for being connected with a battery, the power switch is used for being connected in series with a load, a first end of the power switch is connected with the power supply end or the power ground end, a second end of the power switch is connected with the load output end, and a control end of the power switch is connected with the control unit. The intelligent electronic switch further comprises a load type detection unit, the load type detection unit is connected with the control unit, the load type detection unit is further used for being connected with a load type indication unit of the load, the load type detection unit is used for communicating with the load type indication unit to obtain type information of the load, wherein the type of the load is one of an inductive load, a capacitive load and a resistive load. The load type detection unit outputs corresponding load indication information to the control unit based on the type of the load, and the control unit controls the power switch based on the load indication information. The intelligent electronic switch further comprises a voltage-current characteristic detection unit, the control unit is further used for storing the load indication information, and when the control unit controls the power switch based on the load indication information after the intelligent electronic switch is powered on again, the control unit controls the voltage-current characteristic detection unit to detect real-time voltage-current characteristic information of the load. When the consistency between the real-time voltage-current characteristic information and the stored load voltage-current characteristic information is lower than a preset requirement, the voltage-current characteristic detection unit outputs a load type reacquisition indication, the control unit controls the load type detection unit to communicate with the load type indication unit to reacquire load indication information corresponding to the type of the connected load after receiving the load type reacquisition indication, and the control unit updates the stored load indication information.

2. The intelligent electronic switch of claim 1, wherein, The intelligent electronic switch further comprises an abnormality detection unit. The abnormality detection unit is connected with the control unit, and the control unit is further connected with a microprocessor. The abnormality detection unit is used for outputting abnormality confirmation information when detecting that the load is abnormal.

3. The intelligent electronic device of claim 2, wherein, The control unit is further used for judging whether the abnormality is a true abnormality based on the load indication information when receiving the abnormality confirmation information, outputting load abnormality indication information if the abnormality is a true abnormality, and ignoring the abnormality if the abnormality is not a true abnormality. The load abnormality indication information is used for triggering the microprocessor connected with the control unit to lock an output off signal or to power off the intelligent electronic switch. When the microprocessor locks the output off signal, the intelligent electronic switch is in a powered state, the abnormality detection unit is further used for outputting abnormality disappearance information when detecting that the load returns to normal, and the control unit outputs load abnormality release information after receiving the abnormality disappearance information, wherein the load abnormality release information is used for triggering the microprocessor to release the latched output of the off signal.

4. The intelligent electronic device of claim 1, wherein, The voltage-current characteristic detection unit is connected with the control unit and the load output end, and is configured to sample a signal of the load output end to obtain load voltage-current characteristic information and store the load voltage-current characteristic information.

5. The intelligent electronic device of claim 1, wherein, The load replacement detection unit is further included. The load replacement detection unit is connected with the load output end and the control unit, and is configured to detect whether the load connected with the load output end is replaced when the power switch is in an off state, and output a load replacement signal when it is determined that the load is replaced. The control unit is configured to control the load type detection unit to communicate with the load type indication unit to reacquire the load indication information of the type of the connected load when the load replacement signal is received.

6. The intelligent electronic device of claim 1, wherein, The load type detection unit is configured to communicate with the load type indication unit to obtain the type information of the load when the intelligent electronic switch is powered on.

7. The intelligent electronic device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that A power supply output end is further included, one end of the power supply output end is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply end, and the other end of the power supply output end is configured to be connected with the load type indication unit of the load. The power supply end is configured to supply power to the load type indication unit through the power supply output end, so that the load type detection unit communicates with the load type indication unit.

8. The intelligent electronic device of claim 7, wherein, A switch tube is further included, a first end of the switch tube is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply end, a second end of the switch tube is directly or indirectly connected with the power supply output end, and a control end of the switch tube is connected with the control unit. The control unit controls the switch tube to be turned on, so that the power supply end supplies power to the load type indication unit through the power supply output end, so that the load type detection unit communicates with the load type indication unit, and the control unit is further configured to control the switch tube to be turned off after receiving the load indication information, so as to stop supplying power to the load type indication unit.

9. The intelligent electronic device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The control unit drives the power switch to be turned on for a first preset time length by using a first driving signal, so that the power supply end supplies power to the load type indication unit within the first preset time length, so as to realize communication between the load type detection unit and the load type indication unit. In the first preset time length, an output current of the power switch is a first current, and the first current is less than or equal to a current when the load normally works.

10. An integrated circuit chip, characterized by The intelligent electronic switch includes the intelligent electronic switch according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the power supply end is a power supply pin, the power ground end is a power ground pin, and the load output end is a load output pin.

11. A chip product, characterized by The intelligent electronic switch includes the intelligent electronic switch according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein elements of the intelligent electronic switch except the power switch are located on a first integrated circuit chip, and the power switch is located on a second integrated circuit chip. The power supply end is a power supply pin, the power ground end is a power ground pin, and the load output end is a load output pin. The power supply pin and the power ground pin are located on a first integrated circuit chip, and the load output pin is located on a second integrated circuit chip.

12. An automobile characterized by comprising: The smart electronic switch includes the integrated circuit chip, and the chip product. The battery, the load, and the microprocessor are further included. The positive electrode of the battery is connected to the power supply end, and the negative electrode of the battery is connected to the power ground end. The load includes a load type indication unit, which is connected to the load type detection unit of the smart electronic switch. One end of the load is connected to the load output end, and the other end of the load is connected to the power ground end or the power supply end. The microprocessor is connected to the control unit of the smart electronic switch.

13. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein, The smart electronic switch outputs load abnormality indication information when it determines that the connected load is abnormal. The microprocessor powers off the smart electronic switch after receiving the load abnormality indication information. The microprocessor powers up the smart electronic switch after receiving abnormality exclusion information, which is triggered after the load abnormality is excluded.

14. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein, The smart electronic switch outputs load abnormality indication information when it determines that the connected load is abnormal. The microprocessor locks the output of the off signal to keep the power switch off after receiving the load abnormality indication information. The microprocessor releases the locked output of the off signal after receiving abnormality exclusion information, which is output after the smart electronic switch detects that the load has returned to normal.

15. The vehicle according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that The automobile is an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a fuel vehicle. The load includes at least one of a resistive load, an inductive load, and a capacitive load.

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