A self-assembly preparation device and method for high-order single-layer colloidal particles

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles and a method thereof, comprising a box body, a box cover is arranged on the top of the box body; a raw material box is arranged on the right side of the box body, the raw material box includes an ultrapure water tank and a waste liquid tank, and a current collecting box is arranged on the front side of the box body; a flat table is arranged in the box body, a water changing mechanism that can be raised and lowered is arranged above the flat table, the water changing mechanism includes a water changing injection mechanism and a water changing extraction mechanism; a microsphere solution injection mechanism and an SDS solution injection mechanism are also arranged above the flat table. It also includes preparation invention steps such as S1-S9. The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles of the present invention provides an efficient and controllable colloidal particle self-assembly method, which effectively solves the uncontrollability problem in large-scale applications, and enables efficient and controllable formation of ordered single crystal arrangements on substrates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of preparation of colloidal particle single-layer structures, and in particular to a self-assembly preparation device and method for high-order single-layer colloidal particles. Background Art

[0002] Colloidal particles are the basic process of colloidal etching, and the high precision and controllability of colloidal etching are enhanced by self-assembly into an ordered structure. At present, the self-assembly techniques of colloidal particle monolayers mainly include dip coating, spin coating, LB film technology, etc. These methods are relatively slow in the manufacture of monolayers, the molding area is small, and the equipment requirements are high and difficult to control. In recent years, the technology of using microfluidic devices to control experimental parameters to make nano-microspheres self-assemble on glass or silicon wafers to form monolayers has become an emerging method.

[0003] Although the use of microfluidic device technology has improved the ability of nano-microspheres to form monolayer films, the changes in environmental factors and operational uncertainties still make the results of colloidal particle self-assembly unstable and cannot be used for large-scale production. In recent years, artificial intelligence automation technology has spread to various fields. Artificial intelligence automation has also been involved in various laboratory experimental operations to improve the stability and efficiency of experiments, but most of the operations in the laboratory are synthetic reactions. At present, the automation application in the field of colloidal particle self-assembly is still in its infancy. Therefore, how to combine colloidal particle self-assembly technology with automation to improve the controllability and efficiency of colloidal particle self-assembly is the key to solving the large-scale production of colloidal particle self-assembly. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a controllable, efficient, and large-scale production-suitable high-order single-layer colloidal particle self-assembly preparation device and method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] Provided is a self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles, comprising a box body, an opening is arranged on the top of the box body, and a box cover is arranged on the opening; a raw material box is arranged on the right side of the box body, the raw material box comprises an ultrapure water tank and a waste liquid tank, and a current collecting box is arranged on the front side of the box body; a horizontally slidable flat plate table is arranged in the box body, a water changing mechanism is arranged above the flat plate table, the water changing mechanism comprises a liftable water changing injection mechanism and a water changing extraction mechanism, and the water changing injection mechanism and the water changing extraction mechanism have the same structure; a microsphere solution injection mechanism and an SDS solution injection mechanism are also arranged above the flat plate table, and the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism have the same structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the water change injection mechanism includes a water change catheter, a multi-channel joint and several L-shaped catheters, one end of the water change catheter is connected to the raw material box, the other end of the water change catheter is connected to the multi-channel joint, the multi-channel joint is connected to the several L-shaped catheters, the ends of the several L-shaped catheters are connected to water change needles, and the bottoms of the needles of the several water change needles are located on the same plane.

[0008] Furthermore, a first peristaltic pump is also provided on the water exchange conduit, and the water inlet ends of the water exchange conduits of the water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism are respectively connected to the ultrapure water tank and the waste liquid tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the microsphere solution injection mechanism includes a fixed catheter and a fixed needle, the fixed catheter is connected to the fixed needle, and a second peristaltic pump is arranged on the fixed catheter; the fixed catheter of the microsphere solution injection mechanism is connected to the microsphere liquid inlet tube, and the fixed catheter of the SDS solution injection mechanism is connected to the SDS liquid inlet tube.

[0010] Furthermore, a monitoring device is arranged at the bottom of the box cover, and the monitoring device includes a camera and a plurality of white light lamps arranged outside the camera.

[0011] Furthermore, a replacement port cooperating with the flat table is provided on the left side of the box body, a replacement box door is connected to the replacement port through a first hinge, and a pull ring is also provided on the replacement box door; a slide rail cooperating with the flat table is provided on the inner wall of the box body, and the cross-section of the slide rail is U-shaped.

[0012] Furthermore, a lifting device is provided in the box body to drive the water change injection mechanism and the water change extraction mechanism to rise and fall, and the lifting device includes a sliding rod and two sliders, and the water change injection mechanism and the water change extraction mechanism are fixed on the sliding rod; the two sliders are respectively fixed at both ends of the sliding rod, each slider is threadedly connected with a screw rod, and a threaded hole matching the screw rod is provided on the slider, each screw rod is connected with a motor, and the screw rod is connected to the output end of the motor, and the motor is fixed to the inner wall of the box body through a mounting plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a raw material box cover is provided on the ultrapure water tank and the waste liquid tank, and the raw material box cover is connected to the box body through two second hinges.

[0014] Furthermore, the ultrapure water tank, waste liquid tank, tank cover, current collecting box and tank body are all made of acrylic material.

[0015] A method for preparing a high-order single-layer colloidal particle self-assembly preparation device comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1: Add ultrapure water, microsphere solution, and SDS solution to the corresponding positions of the raw material box, and connect the corresponding catheters and peristaltic pumps;

[0017] S2: First, place the bottom wafer on the culture dish, then lay the substrate flat on the bottom wafer, finally pull out the flat table from the replacement port, place the culture dish in the middle of the flat table, push the flat table in and close the replacement box door;

[0018] S3: Control the lifting device to drive the water changing mechanism to move downward together. When the water changing needle touches the substrate, the lifting device stops working;

[0019] S4: The water replacement injection mechanism, the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism are working, and the ultrapure water, the microsphere solution and the SDS solution are sucked in respectively through the peristaltic pump;

[0020] S5: When the water level on the substrate reaches the set height, the water replacement injection mechanism stops working. When the microsphere solution and the SDS solution are in contact with the fixed needle, the microsphere solution injection mechanism reduces the injection speed of the microsphere solution through the second peristaltic pump, and the SDS solution injection mechanism stops injecting the SDS solution to perform self-assembly of high-order single-layer colloidal particles.

[0021] S6: After the self-assembly of the high-order monolayer colloidal particles is completed, the SDS solution injection mechanism operates for 3 seconds, and the SDS solution injection mechanism subsequently operates for 3 seconds irregularly to stabilize the self-assembly structure of the high-order monolayer colloidal particles;

[0022] S7: After the self-assembled structure of the high-order single-layer colloidal particles is stabilized, the water exchange extraction mechanism drains the bottom waste water for 15 seconds, and then the water exchange operation is carried out. The water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism operate at the same flow rate to carry out the water exchange process. The waste liquid discharged by the water exchange extraction mechanism is collected in the waste liquid tank. After the water exchange process lasts for 30 minutes, the water exchange injection mechanism stops working, and the water exchange extraction mechanism continues to drain the water. When only a small amount of bottom water is left, the drainage speed of the water exchange extraction mechanism is reduced to 50, and the water is drained with a smaller suction force to prevent the self-assembled high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure from being dispersed;

[0023] S8: until the water exchange and extraction mechanism drains the waste liquid and obtains a substrate with a high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure, the water exchange and extraction mechanism stops working, and the lifting device drives the water exchange mechanism to rise, so that the water exchange mechanism returns to its initial height;

[0024] S9: Pull the platform plate out from the replacement port, and steadily take out the culture dish containing the self-assembled particles to obtain a self-assembled single-layer high-order colloidal particle structure.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles of the present invention can realize the automatic assembly of high-order single-layer colloidal particles. The automatic assembly device includes a box, a water-changing injection mechanism, a water-changing extraction mechanism, a microsphere solution injection mechanism, an SDS solution injection mechanism, a lifting device, a replacement device and a monitoring device. The water-changing injection mechanism and the water-changing extraction mechanism both include a first peristaltic pump, a water-changing catheter, a multi-channel joint, and a water-changing needle. The water-changing injection mechanism is used for self-assembly water injection, and the water-changing extraction mechanism is used for self-assembly water exchange; the lifting device includes a motor, a screw, a slider, and a slide rod, which are used to adjust the position of the water-changing mechanism during the assembly process; the replacement device includes a flat table, a slide rail, and a replacement port to realize the convenient replacement of the substrate substrate; the monitoring device includes a camera and a white light lamp, which are used to monitor the self-assembly process in real time; the control system set on the collector box includes a host computer and a program control interface, and the user can customize the self-assembly parameters and start the self-assembly process. The water replacement injection mechanism of the present invention is used for self-assembly water injection; the water replacement extraction mechanism is used for self-assembly water replacement; the lifting device is used to adjust the position of the water replacement mechanism; the replacement device is used for replacing the substrate substrate; and the monitoring device is used for real-time monitoring of the self-assembly process.

[0027] The single-layer colloidal particle self-assembly preparation device of the present invention can automatically perform preparation operations without human interference; the water-changing structure of the present invention adopts multi-channel balanced water exchange to replace the previous manual rubber-tipped dropper water exchange or single-channel water exchange. The two existing water-changing methods are time-consuming and have strong interference with multiple self-assembled structures. The automation system and improved water-changing structure of the present invention can improve the water-changing efficiency and stability during the self-assembly process, and the operation of human interference may result in different experimental results each time due to different personnel or environmental changes, and the controllability is poor. The invention can make the experimental conditions consistent each time and improve the controllability. The high-order single-layer colloidal particle self-assembly preparation device of the present invention cooperates with the efficient and controllable colloidal particle self-assembly method, which effectively solves the uncontrollability problem in large-scale applications and makes it possible to efficiently and controllably form an ordered single crystal arrangement on a substrate.

[0028] The invention relates to a self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles and a method thereof, which improves the preparation efficiency of the colloidal particle single-layer structure and also improves the controllability of the colloidal particle single-layer structure in large-scale production.

[0029] The present invention provides a self-assembly preparation device and method for high-order single-layer colloidal particles, which are used for controllably and efficiently preparing a single-layer structure of colloidal particles and are suitable for large-scale production of the single-layer structure of colloidal particles.

[0030] The present invention adopts one-touch self-assembly, and does not require manual processing of each step, which is simple and easy to operate. The present invention adopts a four-channel peristaltic pump, and each channel does not contaminate each other. The water change injection mechanism and water change extraction mechanism of the water change structure adopted by the present invention have a total of eight channels, which improves the efficiency and stability of water change, and adopts a peristaltic pump to replace the traditional injection pump, maintaining accuracy while keeping the cost low. The results can be observed through a monitoring device, which is convenient for real-time adjustment of the self-assembly process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention when viewed from above;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention when viewed from above;

[0033] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the injection mechanism;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the box;

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The local enlargement is shown in Figure A;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting device.

[0037] The main components in the figure are described as follows:

[0038] 1. Box body; 101. Box cover; 102. Raw material box; 1021. Ultrapure water tank; 1022. Waste liquid tank; 1023. Raw material box cover; 1024. Microsphere liquid inlet tube; 1025. SDS liquid inlet tube; 1026. Liquid inlet catheter buckle; 1027. Raw material box round hole; 1028. Catheter round hole; 103. Current collector box;

[0039] 2. water changing mechanism; 2011. first peristaltic pump; 2012. second peristaltic pump; 2021. water changing catheter; 2022. fixed catheter; 203. multi-channel connector; 204. L-shaped catheter; 2051. water changing needle; 2052. fixed needle; 206. cable tie; 207. catheter buckle;

[0040] 3. Lifting device; 301. Motor; 3002. Screw rod; 303. Sliding block; 304. Sliding rod;

[0041] 4. Replacement device; 401. Flat table; 402. Slide rail; 403. Replacement port; 404. Pull ring; 405. First hinge; 406. Replacement door;

[0042] 5. Monitoring device; 501. Camera; 502. White light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0044] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the self-assembly preparation device of high-order single-layer colloidal particles includes a box body 1, and the top of the box body 1 is provided with an opening, and the opening is provided with a box cover 101. A raw material box 102 is provided on the right side of the box body 1, and the raw material box 102 includes an ultrapure water tank 1021 and a waste liquid tank 1022. A collector box 103 is provided on the front side of the box body 1. A horizontally slidable flat table 401 is provided in the box body 1, and a liftable water changing mechanism 2 is provided on the flat table 401. The water changing mechanism 2 includes a water changing injection mechanism and a water changing extraction mechanism. The water changing injection mechanism and the water changing extraction mechanism have the same structure. The water changing injection mechanism is used for self-assembly water injection, and the water changing extraction mechanism is used for self-assembly water changing. A microsphere solution injection mechanism and an SDS solution injection mechanism are also provided above the flat table 401. The microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism have the same structure.

[0045] The water replacement injection mechanism includes a water replacement conduit 2021, a multi-channel joint 203, and a plurality of L-shaped conduits 204. One end of the water replacement conduit 2021 is connected to the raw material box 102, and the other end of the water replacement conduit 2021 is connected to the multi-channel joint 203. The multi-channel joint 203 is connected to a plurality of L-shaped conduits 204. The ends of the plurality of L-shaped conduits 204 are all connected to water replacement needles 2051, and the bottoms of the needles of the plurality of water replacement needles 2051 are located on the same plane. In this embodiment, the multi-channel joint 203 is preferably a four-way joint, one end of which is connected to the water replacement conduit 2021, and the other three ends are all connected to an L-shaped conduit 204.

[0046] The water exchange conduit 2021 is also provided with a first peristaltic pump 2011, and the water inlet ends of the water exchange conduits 2021 of the water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism are respectively connected to the ultrapure water tank 1021 and the waste liquid tank 1022. The ultrapure water tank 1021 and the waste liquid tank 1022 are both provided with conduit circular holes 1028 that match the water exchange conduit 2021, and the box body 1 is provided with a plurality of raw material box circular holes 1027 that match the water exchange conduit 2021. The multi-channel joints 203 of the injection mechanism 2 and the water exchange extraction mechanism are stacked and fixedly connected by a cable tie 206.

[0047] The microsphere solution injection mechanism includes a fixed conduit 2022 and a fixed needle 2052, the fixed conduit 2022 is connected to the fixed needle 2052, and a second peristaltic pump 2012 is arranged on the fixed conduit 2022. The fixed conduit 2022 of the microsphere solution injection mechanism is connected to a microsphere liquid inlet tube 1024, and the microsphere liquid inlet tube 1024 is used to store the microsphere solution; the fixed conduit 2022 of the SDS solution injection mechanism is connected to an SDS liquid inlet tube 1025, and the SDS liquid inlet tube 1025 is used to store the SDS solution. The microsphere liquid inlet tube 1024 and the SDS liquid inlet tube 1025 are both centrifuge tubes, and test tubes can be used. The microsphere liquid inlet tube 1024 of the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS liquid inlet tube 1025 of the SDS solution injection mechanism are both fixed to the box body 1 through the liquid inlet tube buckle 1026.

[0048] The left side of the box body 1 is provided with a replacement port 403 that matches the flat table 401, and the replacement port 403 is connected to a replacement box door 406 through a first hinge 405, and the replacement box door 406 is also provided with a pull ring 404. The inner wall of the box body 1 is provided with a slide rail 402 that matches the flat table 401, and the cross section of the slide rail 402 is U-shaped.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, a monitoring device 5 is provided at the bottom of the box cover 101, and the monitoring device 5 includes a camera 501 and a plurality of white light lamps 502 provided outside the camera 501. During the self-assembly preparation process of the high-order single-layer colloidal particles, the self-assembly situation is monitored in real time through the camera 501, and the results of the self-assembly process are observed in real time; when the self-assembly effect is observed to be abnormal, the working states of the peristaltic pumps of the water replacement injection mechanism, the water replacement extraction mechanism, the microsphere solution injection mechanism, and the SDS solution injection mechanism are fine-tuned accordingly.

[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, a lifting device 3 for driving the water change injection mechanism and the water change extraction mechanism to rise and fall is provided in the box body 1, and the lifting device 3 includes a slide bar 304 and two sliders 303, and the water change injection mechanism and the water change extraction mechanism are fixed on the slide bar 304. The two sliders 303 are respectively fixed at both ends of the slide bar 304, and each slider 303 is threadedly connected with a screw rod 302, and the slider 303 is provided with a threaded hole matched with the screw rod 302, and each screw rod 302 is connected with a motor 301, and the screw rod 302 is connected to the output end of the motor 301, and the motor 301 is fixed to the inner wall of the box body 1 through a mounting plate.

[0051] The ultrapure water tank 1021 and the waste liquid tank 1022 are provided with a raw material tank cover 1023, which is connected to the box body 1 through two second hinges. The ultrapure water tank 1021 and the waste liquid tank 1022 are provided with a raw material tank cover 1023, which is connected to the box body 1 through two second hinges.

[0052] The water replacement injection mechanism and water replacement extraction mechanism of the present invention both include a first peristaltic pump 2011, and the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism both include a second peristaltic pump 2022. There are a total of four peristaltic pumps, which are integrated in an integrated pump box. The end of the fixed catheter 2022 is fixed to the integrated pump box by a catheter buckle 207, making the structure of the preparation device of the present invention simpler.

[0053] In this embodiment, a control system is also included. The control system is arranged on the collector box 103. The control system includes a host computer and a program control interface. The user can define self-assembly parameters and start the self-assembly process.

[0054] A method for preparing a self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1: Add ultrapure water, microsphere solution, and SDS solution to the corresponding positions of the raw material box 102, and connect the corresponding catheters and peristaltic pumps;

[0056] S2: first place the bottom wafer on the culture dish, then lay the substrate substrate flat on the bottom wafer, finally pull out the flat table 401 from the replacement port 403, place the culture dish on the middle of the flat table 401, push the flat table 401 in and close the replacement box door 406;

[0057] S3: Control the lifting device 3 to drive the water changing mechanism 3 to move downward together. When the water changing needle 2051 touches the substrate, the lifting device 3 stops working;

[0058] S4: The water replacement injection mechanism, the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism are working, and the ultrapure water, the microsphere solution and the SDS solution are sucked in respectively through the peristaltic pump;

[0059] S5: When the water level on the substrate reaches the set height, the water replacement injection mechanism stops working. When the microsphere solution and the SDS solution are in contact with the fixed needle 2052, the microsphere solution injection mechanism reduces the injection speed of the microsphere solution through the second peristaltic pump, and the SDS solution injection mechanism stops injecting the SDS solution to perform self-assembly of high-order single-layer colloidal particles.

[0060] S6: After the self-assembly of the high-order monolayer colloidal particles is completed, the SDS solution injection mechanism operates for 3 seconds, and the SDS solution injection mechanism subsequently operates for 3 seconds irregularly to stabilize the self-assembly structure of the high-order monolayer colloidal particles;

[0061] S7: After the self-assembled structure of the high-order single-layer colloidal particles is stabilized, the water exchange extraction mechanism drains the bottom waste water for 15 seconds, and then the water exchange operation is carried out. The water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism operate at the same flow rate to carry out the water exchange process. The waste liquid discharged by the water exchange extraction mechanism is collected in the waste liquid tank. After the water exchange process lasts for 30 minutes, the water exchange injection mechanism stops working, and the water exchange extraction mechanism continues to drain the water. When only a small amount of bottom water is left, the drainage speed of the water exchange extraction mechanism is reduced to 50, and the water is drained with a smaller suction force to prevent the self-assembled high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure from being dispersed;

[0062] S8: until the water exchange and extraction mechanism drains the waste liquid and obtains a substrate with a high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure, the water exchange and extraction mechanism stops working, and the lifting device 3 drives the water exchange mechanism 2 to rise, so that the water exchange mechanism 2 returns to its initial height;

[0063] S9: Pull the platform plate 401 out of the replacement port 403, and steadily take out the culture dish containing the self-assembled particles to obtain a self-assembled single-layer high-order colloidal particle structure.

[0064] A. Preparation before preparation

[0065] A1. Prepare a suspension solution;

[0066] According to a certain ratio, colloidal particles, ethanol and ultrapure water are used to prepare a suspension solution, and the suspension solution is placed in an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and the suspension solution after ultrasonic treatment is used for later use;

[0067] A2. Prepare SDS solution;

[0068] Prepare the SDS foam into a 5% SDS solution and store it in a centrifuge tube for later use;

[0069] A3. Perform hydrophilic treatment on the bottom wafer and the substrate.

[0070] The bottom substrate and the base substrate are boiled in a washing liquid for hydrophilic treatment. After the hydrophilic treatment reaction is completed, the washing liquid is recovered, and then ultrapure water is used to wash the bottom substrate and the slide glass for 5-10 times. After the bottom substrate and the slide glass are cleaned, ultrapure water is added and sealed with plastic wrap for standby use. The washing liquid is a piranha solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide is 4:1. The bottom substrate is preferably a high borosilicate wafer, and the base substrate is preferably a glass sheet.

[0071] Self-assembly principle of single-layer colloidal particles: When the colloidal particles drip through the water-changing needle 2051 connected to the first peristaltic pump 2011, the colloidal particles drip at a specific speed. The microsphere solution spreads on the water surface due to the surface tension mismatch with water. After a period of time, a rainbow-colored film appears on the water surface. After the film is formed, the SDS solution drips with the operation of the connected first peristaltic pump 2012. The SDS solution makes the arranged single-layer colloidal particle structure more compact and stable. Then the water is changed by using the water-changing injection mechanism and the water-changing extraction mechanism. When the water is clear, the water is drained to allow the single-layer colloidal particle structure to sink on the substrate substrate to obtain a substrate substrate with a high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure.

Claims

1. A self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles, characterized in that: The invention comprises a box body (1), wherein the top of the box body (1) is provided with an opening, and a box cover (101) is provided on the opening; a raw material box (102) is provided on the right side of the box body (1), and the raw material box (102) comprises an ultrapure water tank (1021) and a waste liquid tank (1022); and a current collecting box (103) is provided on the front side of the box body (1); A horizontally slidable flat platform (401) is arranged inside the box (1), and a liftable water exchange mechanism (2) is arranged above the flat platform (401), wherein the water exchange mechanism (2) comprises a water exchange injection mechanism and a water exchange extraction mechanism, and the water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism have the same structure; A microsphere solution injection mechanism and an SDS solution injection mechanism are also provided above the flat table (401), and the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism have the same structure; The water-changing injection mechanism comprises a water-changing conduit (2021), a multi-channel joint (203) and a plurality of L-shaped conduits (204); one end of the water-changing conduit (2021) is connected to the raw material box (102); the other end of the water-changing conduit (2021) is connected to the multi-channel joint (203); the multi-channel joint (203) is connected to a plurality of L-shaped conduits (204); the ends of the plurality of L-shaped conduits (204) are all connected to water-changing needles (2051); and the bottoms of the needles of the plurality of water-changing needles (2051) are located on the same plane; The water exchange conduit (2021) is also provided with a first peristaltic pump (211), and the water inlet ends of the water exchange conduits (2021) of the water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism are respectively connected to the ultrapure water tank (1021) and the waste liquid tank (1022); The microsphere solution injection mechanism comprises a fixed catheter (2022) and a fixed needle (2052), the fixed catheter (2022) being connected to the fixed needle (2052), and a second peristaltic pump (2012) being arranged on the fixed catheter (2022); the fixed catheter (2022) of the microsphere solution injection mechanism is connected to a microsphere liquid inlet tube (1024), and the fixed catheter (2022) of the SDS solution injection mechanism is connected to an SDS liquid inlet tube (1025); It also includes a control system, which is arranged on the power collection box (103) and includes a host computer and a program control interface.

2. The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A monitoring device (5) is arranged at the bottom of the box cover (101), and the monitoring device (5) comprises a camera (501) and a plurality of white light lamps (502) arranged outside the camera (501).

3. The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left side of the box body (1) is provided with a replacement opening (403) that cooperates with the flat table (401); the replacement opening (403) is connected to a replacement box door (406) via a first hinge (405); the replacement box door (406) is also provided with a pull ring (404); the inner wall of the box body (1) is provided with a slide rail (402) that cooperates with the flat table (401); the cross section of the slide rail (402) is U-shaped.

4. The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (1) is provided with a lifting device (3) for driving the water-changing injection mechanism and the water-changing extraction mechanism to rise and fall. The lifting device (3) comprises a slide bar (304) and two sliders (303). The water-changing injection mechanism and the water-changing extraction mechanism are fixed on the slide bar (304). The two sliders (303) are respectively fixed on two ends of the slide bar (304). Each slider (303) is threadedly connected to a screw rod (302). A threaded hole matching the screw rod (302) is provided on the slider (303). Each screw rod (302) is connected to a motor (301). The screw rod (302) is connected to the output end of the motor (301). The motor (301) is fixed to the inner wall of the box body (1) through a mounting plate.

5. The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrapure water tank (1021) and the waste liquid tank (1022) are provided with a raw material box cover (1023), and the raw material box cover (1023) is connected to the box body (1) via two second hinges.

6. The self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrapure water tank (1021), the waste liquid tank (1022), the tank cover (101), the current collecting box (103) and the box body (1) are all made of acrylic material.

7. A preparation method using the self-assembly preparation device for high-order single-layer colloidal particles according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Add ultrapure water, microsphere solution, and SDS solution to the corresponding positions of the raw material box, and connect the corresponding catheters and peristaltic pumps; S2: First, place the bottom wafer on the culture dish, then lay the substrate flat on the bottom wafer, finally pull out the flat table from the replacement port, place the culture dish in the middle of the flat table, push the flat table in and close the replacement box door; S3: Control the lifting device to drive the water changing mechanism to move downward together. When the water changing needle touches the substrate, the lifting device stops working; S4: The water replacement injection mechanism, the microsphere solution injection mechanism and the SDS solution injection mechanism are working, and the ultrapure water, the microsphere solution and the SDS solution are sucked in respectively through the peristaltic pump; S5: When the water level on the substrate reaches the set height, the water replacement injection mechanism stops working. When the microsphere solution and the SDS solution are in contact with the fixed needle, the microsphere solution injection mechanism reduces the injection speed of the microsphere solution through the second peristaltic pump, and the SDS solution injection mechanism stops injecting the SDS solution to perform self-assembly of high-order single-layer colloidal particles. S6: After the self-assembly of the high-order monolayer colloidal particles is completed, the SDS solution injection mechanism operates for 3 seconds. The SDS solution injection mechanism operates for 3 seconds multiple times during the subsequent water replacement process to stabilize the self-assembly structure of the high-order monolayer colloidal particles. S7: After the self-assembled structure of the high-order single-layer colloidal particles is stabilized, the water exchange extraction mechanism drains the bottom waste water for 15 seconds, and then the water exchange operation is carried out. The water exchange injection mechanism and the water exchange extraction mechanism operate at the same flow rate to carry out the water exchange process. The waste liquid discharged by the water exchange extraction mechanism is collected in the waste liquid tank. After the water exchange process lasts for 30 minutes, the water exchange injection mechanism stops working, and the water exchange extraction mechanism continues to drain the water. When only a small amount of bottom water is left, the drainage speed of the water exchange extraction mechanism is reduced to prevent the self-assembled high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure from being dispersed; S8: until the water exchange and extraction mechanism drains the waste liquid and obtains a substrate with a high-order single-layer colloidal particle structure, the water exchange and extraction mechanism stops working, and the lifting device drives the water exchange mechanism to rise, so that the water exchange mechanism returns to its initial height; S9: Pull the platform plate out from the replacement port, and steadily take out the culture dish containing the self-assembled particles to obtain a self-assembled single-layer high-order colloidal particle structure.

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