A modeling method for fitting a flat plate to a curved surface
By fitting a defined curved surface to a quadrilateral flat grid, the problems of low construction efficiency and high cost of building with defined curved surfaces are solved, realizing an efficient and low-cost construction method.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410706731.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-06-03
AI Technical Summary
The construction of curved building structures faces problems such as long construction period and high cost, mainly because a large number of curved casting templates need to be customized and cannot be reused.
By fitting a 3D defined curved surface to a quadrilateral plate, a planar mesh is created and multiple constraints are applied to form a fitted mesh, which is then cut into a fitted curved surface template to guide construction.
It significantly improves construction efficiency, reduces costs, and the reusable formwork reduces errors and construction time.
Smart Images
Figure CN118468405B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building structure construction, in particular to a modeling method for fitting a flat plate to a given surface. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the development of the times and the progress of technology, modern building forms are increasingly diversified, and single-curved surface, double-curved surface and more complex given surface buildings are constantly emerging, which form a sharp contrast with traditional regular buildings in terms of free and dynamic modeling. However, the construction of given surface buildings is a difficulty and there are many challenges. A large number of curved pouring forms are needed to form the given surface of the building. In order to make the structure built by the pouring forms adapt to the structure of the given surface, the pouring forms need to be customized to be curved. This results in a large amount of time and money spent on customizing the curved forms, a long time period of the entire construction period, a high cost, and the inability to be reused. SUMMARY
[0003] The present application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a modeling method for fitting a flat plate to a given surface. The three-dimensional given surface is fitted by a quadrilateral flat plate to form a fitted surface, thereby realizing a method for constructing concrete of the given surface by using ordinary flat plate forms. The production efficiency is greatly improved and the production cost is reduced.
[0004] The technical solution for achieving the above-mentioned purpose is a modeling method for fitting a flat plate to a given surface, comprising the following steps:
[0005] Modeling a given surface to form an original surface, analyzing and finding an approximate center point of the original surface, and establishing a first principal curvature direction vector and a second principal curvature direction vector perpendicular to each other at the approximate center point;
[0006] Establishing a plane grid in the direction of the first principal curvature direction vector and the second principal curvature direction vector, and the plane grid covers the original surface;
[0007] Deforming the plane grid to fit the original surface to form a smooth fitted grid composed of quadrilateral flat plates, so that the shape of the fitted grid tends to approach the shape of the original surface;
[0008] Cutting the fitted grid composed of quadrilateral flat plates along the edges of the original surface to form a fitted surface for guiding subsequent construction and production.
[0009] Further, when fitting the plane grid to the surface, each grid point of the plane grid is respectively subjected to a constraint of being adsorbed to the original surface.
[0010] Further, when the plane grid is subjected to surface fitting, the plane grid is subjected to constraints of grid flattening, grid smoothing, constant edge length and constant internal angle.
[0011] Further, when the plane grid is subjected to surface fitting, each grid center point of the plane grid is subjected to a constraint of being parallel to the direction of the principal curvature direction vector of the original surface, and the grid points are subjected to a constraint of being on a common conical surface.
[0012] Further, after the plane grid is subjected to surface fitting, a standard error value is provided, the fitted grid and the original surface are compared and analyzed, and if the distance between the vertex of the fitted grid and the original surface exceeds the standard error value, the fitting parameters of the fitted grid are adjusted and re-fitted.
[0013] Further, when the fitted surface is subjected to offsetting and stretching, parameterized offsetting is performed through Grasshopper to obtain the solid model and the surface model.
[0014] Further, when parameterized offsetting is performed through Grasshopper, a set error value is provided to optimize the solid model.
[0015] Further, when the plane grid is subjected to surface fitting, the plane grid is subjected to surface fitting through the Kangaroo2 mechanical solving tool in the parameterized design plug-in Grasshopper of Rhino.
[0016] Further, after the quadrilateral plane fitting grid is cut into a fitted surface, the fitted surface is subjected to offsetting and stretching to form a surface template and a solid model supporting the surface template, which are used to guide subsequent construction and production.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1. The original surface is fitted by a plane quadrilateral, so that the curvature of the grid structure in the fitted plane grid is adapted to the curvature of the original surface, the construction of the set surface concrete is completed by using ordinary flat templates, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
[0019] 2. Multiple constraints are applied to the plane grid to make the fitted plane quadrilateral more smooth and reduce the error with the original surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 The use steps of the flat fitting set surface modeling method of the present application Figure 1 .
[0021] Figure 2 The use steps of the modeling method of the flat plate fitting setting curved surface Figure 2 .
[0022] Figure 3 The use steps of the modeling method of the flat plate fitting setting curved surface Figure 3 .
[0023] Figure 4 The use steps of the modeling method of the flat plate fitting setting curved surface Figure 4 .
[0024] Figure 5 The use effect of the physical model of the modeling method of the flat plate fitting setting curved surface Figure 1 .
[0025] Figure 6 The use effect of the physical model of the modeling method of the flat plate fitting setting curved surface Figure 2 .
[0026] Legend: 1, original curved surface; 2, plane grid; 21, grid structure; 3, fitting grid; 31, first wood block; 32, double steel pipe; 33, I-beam; 34, U-shaped piece; 35, scaffold; 4, first quadrilateral template; 41, second wood block; 42, supporting steel pipe; 43, tension bolt; 5, concrete; 6, second quadrilateral template. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0028] Referring to Figures 1 to 4 A modeling method of a flat plate fitting setting curved surface, through the modeling method, the template for pouring of the setting curved surface can be modeled quickly, and multiple constraints are applied to the plane grid, so that the fitting plane quadrilateral grid is more smooth, and the error between the original curved surface is reduced, so that the grid structure in the plane quadrilateral is also more smooth, and when applied to actual construction, the template required by the building is also more delicate.
[0029] Referring to Figures 1 to 4 The present application comprises the following steps: step 1: establishing an original curved surface 1, establishing a principal curvature direction vector with the center point of the original curved surface 1; step 2: establishing a plane grid 2 in the direction of the principal curvature direction vector; step 3: fitting the plane grid 2 and the original curved surface 1 to form a fitting grid 3; step 4: cutting the fitting grid 3 after fitting.
[0030] The first principal curvature direction vector k1 and the second principal curvature direction vector k2 are arranged perpendicular to each other at the position of the approximate center point O of the original curved surface, the first principal curvature direction vector k1 and the second principal curvature direction vector k2 are the maximum and minimum values of the curvature of the approximate center point O on the original curved surface 1 respectively, and the working plane of the coordinate axes X and Y is established according to the directions of the first principal curvature direction vector k1 and the second principal curvature direction vector k2, and the plane grid 2 is established, the size of the grid structure 21 in the plane grid 2 is close to the actual template size, the number of grids is required to cover the set curved surface, the plane grid 2 is curvedly fitted so that the plane grid 2 and the original curved surface 1 are fitted, thereby changing the shape of the plane grid 2 and being close to the original curved surface 1, and the fitted curved surface is cut to facilitate the subsequent construction personnel to manufacture the corresponding template through the curved surface unit, thereby assembling and splicing each template in subsequent use.
[0031] Further, when the plane grid 2 is curvedly fitted, the grid points of each plane grid 2 are respectively subjected to the constraint of being adsorbed to the original curved surface 1 to change the shape of the plane grid 2 and be close to the original curved surface 1.
[0032] Further, when the plane grid 2 is curvedly fitted, the plane grid 2 is subjected to the constraints of grid flattening, grid smoothing, grid side length, and internal angle keeping unchanged. Through the constraints of grid flattening, grid smoothing, grid side length, and internal angle keeping unchanged, the plane grid 2 is close to the original curved surface 1 while keeping the length and internal angle unchanged and the four points coplanar, the size of the grid in the plane grid 2 is close to the size and shape of the template needed in actual construction, and the grid shape is kept smooth.
[0033] Further, when the plane grid 2 is curvedly fitted, each grid center point of the plane grid 2 is subjected to the constraint of being parallel to the principal curvature direction vector direction of the original curved surface 1, and the grid points are subjected to the constraint of being on the common conical surface. Through the constraint of each grid center point of the plane grid 2 being parallel to the principal curvature direction of the original curved surface 1, the direction of the plane grid 2 is close to the principal curvature direction of the original curved surface 1 as much as possible, thereby reducing the deviation of the quadrilateral plate 3 after the plane grid 2 is flattened from the original curved surface 1, and through the constraint of the grid points being on the common conical surface, the step difference between the supports of the offset keel of the plane grid 2 does not appear.
[0034] Further, after the surface fitting of the plane grid 2, a standard error value is provided, the fitted grid 3 and the original surface 1 are compared and analyzed, if the size of the fitted grid 3 and the error range of the original surface 1 exceed the standard error value, the fitted grid 3 is re-fitted. By adjusting the length value coefficient of the plane grid 2, the length and width of the grid in the plane grid 2, the diagonal line value, etc. do not exceed the range of the conventional template size, and the conventional size template can be used for construction and production. The error analysis of the fitted grid 3 and the original surface 1, if the error value exceeds the range that can be accepted by the project, the size coefficient of the plane grid 2 can be adjusted for multiple iteration calculations to reduce the error value and finally meet the engineering requirements.
[0035] Further, when the fitted surface is offset and stretched, parameterized offset is performed by Grasshopper to obtain the solid model and the surface model.
[0036] Further, when parameterized offset is performed by Grasshopper, a set error value is provided to optimize the solid model. The further improvement of the plane fitting surface parameterized offset is that the spacing of all support members can be quickly obtained according to the structure calculation results by adjusting several parameters to obtain the final solid model without re-modeling. The solid model of the bottom mold, top mold support steel pipe 42 can be fitted by setting an error value to arcuate fit the original multiple polyline steel pipes into a single arc steel pipe, reducing the number of polyline steel pipes and speeding up the construction and production speed. Preferably, the template and support materials can use conventional materials without additional special treatment, and some materials only need to be cut.
[0037] Further, when the plane grid 2 is fitted, the plane grid 2 is fitted by using the Kangaroo2 mechanical solving tool in the parameterized design plug-in Grasshopper of Rhino. Preferably, the plane grid 2 is set to solve the target by using the Kangaroo2 mechanical solving tool in the parameterized design plug-in Grasshopper of Rhino to perform surface fitting, quadrilateral grid flattening and other multi-target solving. Through multi-target solving, the grid points of the plane grid 2 are respectively constrained to the original surface 1, the grid is constrained to be flat, smooth, and the length of the grid, the inner angle is kept unchanged, the center points of the grid are constrained to be parallel to the main curvature direction of the original surface 1, and the grid points are constrained to be on the same conical surface. The strength value range of various constraints can be adjusted to make the grid surface smooth and the four points of the grid coplanar.
[0038] Further, the setting surface is modeled by using a three-dimensional modeling software supporting NURBS.
[0039] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 Further, after the quadrilateral plate is cut into a fitting surface, the fitting surface is offset and stretched to form a curved surface template and a solid model supporting the curved surface template, which are used to guide subsequent construction and production. When the fitting surface is obtained, a curved surface template located below the fitting surface can be obtained by offsetting the template by a template thickness, a wood batten surface can be obtained by offsetting the curved surface template by a wood batten thickness, the wood batten center line can be obtained by equally dividing the wood batten surface, and the wood batten solid model can be obtained by solidifying the wood batten center line; the steel pipe center surface can be obtained by offsetting the wood batten by a steel pipe radius, the steel pipe center line can be obtained by spacing the steel pipe center surface according to the steel pipe arrangement interval, and the steel pipe solid model can be obtained by solidifying the steel pipe center line; the support H-shaped beam center surface can be obtained by offsetting the steel pipe center surface again, the H-shaped beam center line can be obtained by spacing the support H-shaped beam center surface according to the wood batten arrangement interval, and the H-shaped beam solid model can be obtained by solidifying the H-shaped beam center line.
[0040] The use process of the modeling method for fitting a setting surface of a plate according to the present application is described below.
[0041] The first principal curvature direction vector k1 and the second principal curvature direction vector k2 are arranged perpendicular to each other at the position of the approximate center point O of the original curved surface, the first principal curvature direction vector k1 and the second principal curvature direction vector k2 are the maximum and minimum values of the curvature of the approximate center point O on the original curved surface 1 respectively, and the working plane of the coordinate axes X and Y is established according to the directions of the first principal curvature direction vector k1 and the second principal curvature direction vector k2, and the plane grid 2 is established, the size of the plane grid 2 is preferably close to the actual template size, and the number of grids is required to cover the set curved surface, the plane grid 2 is subjected to curved surface fitting so that the plane grid 2 and the original curved surface 1 are fitted, thereby changing the shape of the plane grid 2 and making it close to the original curved surface 1, and the fitting parameters and fitting targets are generally: the target of the grid points approaching the original curved surface 1, the target of the grid being flat, the target of the grid being smooth, the target of the grid line length and angle being unchanged, and the fitting parameters are the intensity values of each fitting target, and different intensity values will make the corresponding target weights different, by adjusting the intensity values of each target, the grid size and shape are changed accordingly, and finally meet the requirements, the fitting grid 3 is cut, so that the size of the cut fitting curved surface is adapted to the original curved surface 1, to facilitate subsequent construction personnel to make the corresponding template through the curved surface unit, thereby assembling and splicing each template in subsequent use, preferably, the curved surface unit is composed of part of triangles and plane quadrilaterals; when the fitting curved surface is obtained, error analysis is performed on the fitting curved surface and the set curved surface, whether the analysis accuracy meets the engineering requirements is analyzed, the fitting curved surface template and its supporting entity model are obtained by offsetting and stretching the fitting curved surface, wherein the bottom die is composed of a plane first quadrilateral template 4 supported on a first wooden block 31, the first wooden block 31 is supported on a double steel pipe 32, the steel pipe is supported on an I-beam 33, the I-beam 33 is supported on a scaffold 35 through a U-shaped piece 34, the surface die is composed of a plane second quadrilateral template 6 supported on a second wooden block 41, the second wooden block 41 is supported on a double steel pipe 32, and the steel pipe is connected through a tension bolt 43 and the bottom die steel pipe; all the templates and their components are plane or broken line type. The concrete 5 is poured into the bottom die and the surface die, in order to reduce the cutting and splicing of the broken line type supporting steel pipe 42, the broken line type supporting steel pipe 42 can be combined and optimized into a continuous long circular arc steel pipe within a specified error range, so as to speed up the construction production progress, in order to reduce the cutting and splicing of the broken line type I-beam supporting wood beam, the broken line type I-beam supporting wood beam can be combined and optimized into a single straight line type I-beam 33 within a specified error range, so as to speed up the construction production progress.
[0042] The above embodiments of the application are described in detail in combination with the drawings, and those of ordinary skill in the art can make various changes to the application according to the above description. Therefore, some details in the embodiments should not constitute a limitation on the application, and the scope of protection of the application will be defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A modeling method for flat panel fitting setting curved surface, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Modeling a given surface to form an original surface, analyzing and finding an approximate center point of the original surface, and establishing a first principal curvature direction vector and a second principal curvature direction vector perpendicular to each other at the approximate center point; Establishing a plane grid in the direction of the first principal curvature direction vector and the second principal curvature direction vector, and the plane grid covers the original surface; Deforming the plane grid to fit the original surface to form a smooth fitting grid composed of quadrilateral plates, so that the shape of the fitting grid approaches the shape of the original surface; Cutting the fitting grid composed of quadrilateral plates along the edges of the original surface to form a fitting surface for guiding subsequent construction production; When fitting the plane grid to the surface, a constraint parallel to the principal curvature direction vector of the original surface is applied to each grid center point of the plane grid, and a constraint of a common conical surface is applied to the grid points of the grid; After cutting the quadrilateral plates into a fitting surface, the fitting surface is offset and stretched to form a surface template and a solid model supporting the surface template for guiding subsequent construction production.
2. The modeling method of flat panel fitting setting curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in When fitting the plane grid to the surface, a constraint of being adsorbed to the original surface is applied to each grid point of the plane grid.
3. The modeling method of flat panel fitting setting curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in When fitting the plane grid to the surface, a constraint of grid flattening, grid smoothing, grid length, and internal angle keeping unchanged is applied to the plane grid.
4. The modeling method of flat panel fitting setting curved surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in After fitting the plane grid to the surface, a standard error value is provided, and the fitting grid and the original surface are compared and analyzed. If the distance between each vertex of the fitting grid and the original surface exceeds the standard error value, the fitting parameters of the fitting grid are adjusted and refitted.
5. The modeling method of flat panel fitting set surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in When offsetting and stretching the fitting surface, parameterized offsetting is performed through Grasshopper to obtain a solid model and a surface model.
6. The modeling method of fitting a surface to a flat panel according to claim 5, wherein: When parameterized offsetting is performed through Grasshopper, a set error value is provided to optimize the solid model.
7. The modeling method of flat panel fitting set surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in When fitting the plane grid to the surface, Kangaroo2 mechanical solving tool in the parameterized design plug-in Grasshopper of Rhino is used to fit the plane grid to the surface.