A post-holding type sinonovacula constricta layered harvesting machine and a harvesting method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a rear support type Sinonovacula constricta layered harvesting machine and a harvesting method thereof. In the application, a tractor drives a traction frame to advance, both ends of conveying shaft one and conveying shaft two in a mud discharging mechanism are connected with a mud discharging frame to form a rotary pair, and helical blades one and helical blades two are fixed on the conveying shaft one and the conveying shaft two; a scraper assembly is arranged at the back of the mud discharging mechanism, a rotary shaft and a connecting rod in the scraper assembly form a rotary pair, a plurality of arc-shaped scrapers one and a plurality of arc-shaped scrapers two which are uniformly distributed and staggered are fixed on the rotary shaft; a flushing and screening assembly is arranged at the back of the scraper assembly; a plurality of conveying frames are arranged on a chain one of a chain transmission mechanism two in a conveying and collecting mechanism; an inclined plate one end in a guide assembly is hinged to the traction frame, and the other end is in contact with a cam fixed on a rotary shaft; a collecting frame is arranged at the end of the inclined plate away from the cam. The application can realize layered digging and collecting of Sinonovacula constricta, reduce damage to the whole machine, reduce energy consumption and improve harvesting efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fishing machinery, and particularly relates to a rear support type sinonovacula constricta layered collecting machine and a collecting method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are rich sinonovacula constricta resources in the coastal beach of China. The buried depth of sinonovacula constricta on the beach varies with seasons and individual sizes. The average buried depth of sinonovacula constricta is about 5 to 6 times of the body length, and the average buried depth of artificially bred sinonovacula constricta is about 40 cm below the beach. The existing sinonovacula constricta collecting machines all dig up the sand and sinonovacula constricta at one time, and then perform screening and cleaning. This method causes great damage to the whole machine, consumes large energy, and has low efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design a sinonovacula constricta collecting machine capable of realizing layered collection. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a rear support type sinonovacula constricta layered collecting machine and a collecting method thereof.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0005] A rear support type sinonovacula constricta layered collecting machine comprises a tractor, a traction frame, a mud discharging mechanism, a digging and flushing mechanism, and a conveying and collecting mechanism. The traction frame comprises a traction frame and wheels. The tractor is arranged at the front end of the traction frame and drives the traction frame to move forward. The mud discharging mechanism, the digging and flushing mechanism, and the conveying and collecting mechanism are arranged at the rear end of the traction frame. The middle part of the traction frame is hingedly connected with two symmetrical wheels.

[0006] The mud discharging mechanism comprises a conveying shaft one, a conveying shaft two, a support plate, a mud discharging frame, a suspension rod, a hydraulic cylinder one, and a mud discharging port. The upper end of the suspension rod is hingedly connected with the traction frame, and the lower end is hingedly connected with the middle part of the mud discharging frame. The lower ends of two hydraulic cylinders arranged in parallel and at intervals on both sides of the suspension rod are respectively hingedly connected with the two ends of the mud discharging frame, and the upper ends are hingedly connected with the traction frame. The two ends of the mud discharging frame are both provided with an opening one, and the inner side of the two opening ones is both fixed with a support plate. The conveying shaft one and the conveying shaft two are arranged horizontally and in parallel. The two ends of the conveying shaft one are respectively connected with the two support plates to form rotary pairs, and the conveying shaft one is fixed with spiral blades one and two with opposite rotation directions. The two ends of the conveying shaft two are respectively connected with the two support plates to form rotary pairs, and the conveying shaft two is fixed with spiral blades two and one at positions respectively aligned with the spiral blades one and two of the conveying shaft one. Holes are formed in the two support plates, and the two holes are respectively fixed and communicated with the two mud discharging ports arranged at the positions of the two opening ones. The conveying shaft one and the conveying shaft two are connected through a chain transmission mechanism, and a driving motor one drives the conveying shaft one to rotate.

[0007] The excavating and washing mechanism comprises a scraper assembly and a washing and screening assembly. The scraper assembly is arranged at the back of the sludge discharging mechanism and comprises a connecting rod, a rotating shaft, arc-shaped scrapers I and arc-shaped scrapers II. The upper end of the connecting rod is connected with the traction frame to form a rotating pair and is driven to rotate by a driving motor II. The rotating shaft parallel to the conveying shaft I is connected with the lower end of the connecting rod to form a rotating pair and is driven by a driving motor III. The rotating shaft is fixed with a plurality of arc-shaped scrapers I and a plurality of arc-shaped scrapers II which are distributed along the circumference. The arc-shaped scrapers I and the arc-shaped scrapers II are arranged alternately, and the width of the arc-shaped scrapers I is greater than that of the arc-shaped scrapers II. The washing and screening assembly is arranged at the back of the scraper assembly and comprises a fixed frame, excavating plates, a water conveying pipe, nozzles and a fixed rod. The fixed rod parallel to the rotating shaft is fixed on the fixed frame. The fixed rod is fixed with a plurality of excavating plates which are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction and are arranged obliquely. The lower end of the excavating plate is closer to the rotating shaft than the upper end. The rear half of the excavating plate is arc-shaped. The water conveying pipe parallel to the rotating shaft is fixed on the fixed frame and is located above the fixed rod. The water conveying pipe is fixed with a plurality of nozzles which are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction and are communicated. The nozzles are directed to the rear half of the excavating plate.

[0008] The conveying and collecting mechanism comprises a guide assembly, a conveying assembly and a collecting frame. The conveying assembly comprises a conveying frame, a conveying frame, a convex shaft, a hydraulic cylinder II, a driving shaft, a driven shaft and a support rod. The upper end of the obliquely arranged conveying frame is fixed with the upper ends of two support rods which are parallel and arranged at intervals. The lower ends of the two support rods are hingedly connected with the traction frame. The upper ends of two hydraulic cylinders II which are parallel and arranged at intervals are hingedly connected with the middle part of the conveying frame. The lower ends of the two hydraulic cylinders II are hingedly connected with the traction frame. The fixed frame of the washing and screening assembly is fixed on the lower end of the conveying frame and is located in front of the conveying frame. The driving shaft and the driven shaft are parallel to the rotating shaft. The driving shaft and the driven shaft form rotating pairs with the upper end and the lower end of the conveying frame respectively and are connected by a chain transmission mechanism II. The driving shaft is driven by a driving motor IV. A plurality of conveying frames are arranged equidistantly on the chain of the chain transmission mechanism II. The conveying frame comprises a bottom plate, an inclined plate and a baffle. The bottom plate and the inclined plate are obliquely fixed. The inclined plate is fixed with the chain. A plurality of screen holes are arranged equidistantly on the bottom plate. The baffles are triangular plates and are arranged at intervals. The same end of the bottom plate and the inclined plate is fixed with two adjacent sides of one baffle. The convex shaft forms a rotating pair with the middle part of the conveying frame and forms a rolling friction pair with the chain. The guide assembly comprises an inclined plate, a cam, a rotating shaft and a support frame. The support frame is fixed on the traction frame. The rotating shaft forms a rotating pair with the support frame and is driven by a driving motor V. The cam is fixed on the rotating shaft. One end of the inclined plate is hingedly connected with the traction frame. The other end of the inclined plate is in contact with the cam. The inclined plate is arranged below the convex shaft. The collecting frame is placed on the traction frame and is located at the end of the inclined plate away from the cam.

[0009] Preferably, the tractor comprises a moving chassis and a frame, the moving chassis drives the frame to move, and the traction frame is detachably fixed with the frame.

[0010] More preferably, the moving chassis adopts a caterpillar walking mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the chain transmission mechanism one comprises a chain wheel one and a chain two, two chain wheels one are respectively fixed on the conveying shaft one and the conveying shaft two, and are connected through the chain two.

[0012] Preferably, the conveying frame comprises side plates one and two, the side plates one and two are parallel and are arranged with a spacing, and are fixed through connecting rods; two supporting rods are respectively fixed with the side plates one and two, two hydraulic cylinders two are respectively hinged with the side plates one and two, two ends of the driving shaft respectively form rotary pairs with the side plates one and two, two ends of the driven shaft respectively form rotary pairs with the side plates one and two, and two ends of the convex shaft respectively form rotary pairs with the side plates one and two.

[0013] Preferably, the chain transmission mechanism two comprises a chain one and a chain wheel two, two chain wheels two are respectively fixed with the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and are connected through the chain one.

[0014] Preferably, the lower end of the sludge discharging frame is sawtooth-shaped.

[0015] The application further provides a kind of rear support type Sinonovacula constricta layered harvesting machine harvesting method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0016] Step one, place the water tank on the traction frame, connect the water inlet of the water conveying pipe with the water outlet of the water tank through the pipeline and the water pump; the tractor drives the traction frame to drive the sludge discharging mechanism, the excavating and flushing mechanism and the conveying and collecting mechanism to move to the beach. In the initial state, the sludge discharging frame, each arc-shaped scraper one, each arc-shaped scraper two and each excavating plate are located above the ground.

[0017] Step two, the controller controls the hydraulic valve to drive each hydraulic cylinder to drive the lower end of the sludge frame to rotate downward, so that the sludge frame is dug into the sludge and is lowered to a preset depth H1. Then the tractor drives the traction frame to advance by a preset distance one, the sludge frame digs out the sludge above the preset depth H1, and at the same time the controller controls the drive motor one to drive the conveying shaft one to rotate, the conveying shaft one drives the conveying shaft two to rotate through the chain transmission mechanism one, and then drives each spiral blade one and each spiral blade two to rotate, each spiral blade one and each spiral blade two convey the sludge dug out by the sludge frame to both ends of the sludge frame, and discharge from the corresponding hole and sludge outlet; the controller controls the drive motor two to drive the connecting rod to drive each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two to descend, so that the height of each arc-shaped scraper one at the lowest end is lowered to a preset depth H2, and at the same time the controller controls the drive motor three to drive the rotating shaft to drive each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two to rotate, with the downward rotation of the connecting rod, each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two are alternately in contact with the sludge, the sludge is dug out, and the sludge is thrown to the rear. Then the tractor drives the traction frame to continue to advance by a preset distance two, at the same time the sludge frame digs out the sludge above the preset depth H1, each spiral blade one and each spiral blade two convey this part of the sludge to both ends of the sludge frame, and discharge from the corresponding hole and sludge outlet, each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two alternately dig out the sludge between the preset depth H1 and the preset depth H2, and throw it to the rear; the controller controls the hydraulic valve to drive each hydraulic cylinder two to drive the conveyor frame and the flushing and screening assembly to rotate downward, so that the lower end of each digging plate is dug into the sludge and is lowered to a preset depth H3. Among them, H1

[0018] Step three, the tractor drives the traction frame to continue to advance, and the water pump starts to work, the controller controls the drive motor four and the drive motor five to start to work, the water in the water tank is conveyed to the water delivery pipe by the water pump, and is sprayed out from each nozzle, the drive motor four drives the driving shaft to rotate, the driving shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate through the chain transmission mechanism two, and then makes each conveying frame rotate with the chain one of the chain transmission mechanism two, and when the part of the chain one on which the conveying frame is fixed is in contact with the convex shaft, the convex shaft makes the part of the chain one protrude, and then makes the corresponding conveying frame rotate downward, when the part of the chain one passes the convex shaft, the part of the chain one drives the conveying frame to return to the original state, the drive motor five drives the rotating shaft to drive the cam to rotate, when the push section of the cam is in contact with the inclined plate, the push section of the cam pushes the inclined plate to rotate upward, when the return section of the cam is in contact with the inclined plate, the inclined plate rotates downward under the action of its own gravity, and then makes the inclined plate reciprocate up and down.

[0019] With the continuous advance of the tractor, the silt above the preset depth H1 is excavated by the silt frame, and the silt excavated by the silt frame is transported to both ends of the silt frame by the first spiral blades and the second spiral blades, and is discharged from the corresponding holes and the silt discharge port; the first arc-shaped scrapers and the second arc-shaped scrapers behind the silt frame excavate the silt and the sinistrocar between the preset depth H1 and the preset depth H2 in batches and throw them backward; the digging plates behind the rotating shaft shovel the silt and the sinistrocar between the preset depth H2 and the preset depth H3 excavated by the first arc-shaped scrapers and the second arc-shaped scrapers, and the silt and the sinistrocar thrown backward by the first arc-shaped scrapers and the second arc-shaped scrapers fall on the digging plates and are shoveled by the digging plates, and the silt and the sinistrocar shoveled by the digging plates are pushed backward, at the same time, the water sprayed by the nozzles flushes the silt and the sinistrocar on the digging plates, so that the silt and the sinistrocar smaller than the collection specification fall from the gap of the digging plates to the mudflat, and the sinistrocar left on the digging plates slides along the digging plates to a conveying frame rotated by the chain one; the chain transmission mechanism two conveys the conveying frame containing the sinistrocar upward, and the sinistrocar smaller than the collection specification falls from the screen hole of the corresponding conveying frame to the mudflat; when the conveying frame containing the sinistrocar moves to the convex shaft position with the chain one, the conveying frame rotates downward, so that the sinistrocar slides downward along the conveying frame to the inclined plate, and under the vibration of the inclined plate, the sinistrocar slides to the collection frame.

[0020] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present application can realize layered digging and collecting Sinonovacula constricta, reduce damage to the overall machine, reduce energy consumption, and improve collection efficiency. Specifically, the first layer of silt is dug out by the mud discharging mechanism and discharged to both sides, realizing preliminary excavation of silt, reducing the excavation difficulty of each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two, and reducing damage to each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two; further, the second layer of silt and Sinonovacula constricta located in the second layer of silt are alternately dug out by each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two alternately arranged in the scraper assembly, and thrown to the rear, realizing secondary excavation of silt and preliminary excavation of Sinonovacula constricta, reducing the excavation difficulty of each digging plate, and reducing damage to each digging plate; the present application digs the third layer of silt and Sinonovacula constricta located in the third layer of silt by each digging plate, receives silt and Sinonovacula constricta thrown to the rear by each arc-shaped scraper one and each arc-shaped scraper two, and also washes silt and Sinonovacula constricta on each digging plate by each nozzle, so that silt and Sinonovacula constricta smaller than the collection specification fall from the gap of each digging plate to the beach, thereby realizing washing, secondary excavation and preliminary screening of Sinonovacula constricta; further, the Sinonovacula constricta left on each digging plate is pushed into a new silt and Sinonovacula constricta by each digging plate, and is pushed into a conveying frame that rotates with the chain one, and is conveyed upward by the chain transmission mechanism two, while the Sinonovacula constricta smaller than the collection specification falls from the screen hole of the conveying frame to the beach, thereby realizing conveying and secondary screening of Sinonovacula constricta; when the conveying frame containing Sinonovacula constricta moves with the chain one to the convex shaft position, the conveying frame is downwardly rotated, so that the Sinonovacula constricta slides downward along the conveying frame to the inclined plate, and under the vibration of the inclined plate, the Sinonovacula constricta slides into the collection frame, thereby realizing collection of Sinonovacula constricta.

[0022] 2. The height of the mud discharging frame, each arc-shaped scraper one, each arc-shaped scraper two and each digging plate in the present application can be adjusted, and can be used for realizing collection of shellfish with different depths of concealment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mud discharging mechanism in the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a schematic diagram of the structure of part A in the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of part of the scraper assembly in the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating shaft, arc-shaped scraper one and arc-shaped scraper two in the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the washing and screening assembly, the conveying frame and part of the conveying frame in the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the excavating plate in the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 Structure diagram of the water conveying pipe and the nozzle in the present application;

[0032] Figure 10 Structure diagram of the guiding assembly, the collecting frame and part of the traction frame in the present application;

[0033] Figure 11 Structure diagram of the conveying assembly after removing the side plate one or the side plate two in the present application;

[0034] Figure 12 Structure diagram of the conveying frame in the present application;

[0035] Figure 13 Layered harvesting schematic diagram when the present application works. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present application will be further described in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present application is a rear supporting type Sinonovacula constricta layered harvesting machine, which comprises a tractor 1, a traction frame 2, a mud discharging mechanism 3, an excavating and washing mechanism and a conveying and collecting mechanism. The traction frame 2 comprises a traction frame 201 and wheels 202, the tractor 1 is arranged at the front end of the traction frame 201 and drives the traction frame 201 to move forward, the mud discharging mechanism 3, the excavating and washing mechanism and the conveying and collecting mechanism are arranged at the rear end of the traction frame 201, and the traction frame 201 is hingedly connected with two symmetrical wheels 202 at the middle part, and the two wheels 202 are used to support the traction frame 201.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the sludge discharging mechanism 3 comprises a conveying shaft one 303, a conveying shaft two 304, a support plate 305, a sludge discharging frame 306, a suspension rod 307, a hydraulic cylinder one 308 and a sludge discharging port 311. The upper end of the suspension rod 307 is hinged to the traction frame 201, and the lower end is hinged to the middle part of the sludge discharging frame 306. The lower ends of the two hydraulic cylinder ones 308 arranged in parallel and at intervals on both sides of the suspension rod 307 are respectively hinged to the two ends of the sludge discharging frame 306, and the upper ends are all hinged to the traction frame 201. The two ends of the sludge discharging frame 306 are both provided with an opening one, and the support plate 305 is fixed to the inner side position of the two openings one. The conveying shaft one 303 and the conveying shaft two 304 are arranged horizontally and in parallel. The two ends of the conveying shaft one 303 form rotary pairs with the two support plates 305 respectively, and the conveying shaft one 303 is fixed with spiral vanes one 301 and spiral vanes two 302 with opposite rotation directions. The two ends of the conveying shaft two 304 form rotary pairs with the two support plates 305 respectively, and the conveying shaft two 304 is fixed with the spiral vanes two 302 at the position aligned with the spiral vanes one 301 on the conveying shaft one 303, and is fixed with the spiral vanes one 301 at the position aligned with the spiral vanes two 302 on the conveying shaft one 303. The two support plates 305 are both provided with a hole, and the two holes are fixed and communicated with the two sludge discharging ports 311 arranged at the positions of the two openings one respectively. The conveying shaft one 303 and the conveying shaft two 304 are connected through a chain transmission mechanism one, and the driving motor one drives the conveying shaft one 303 to rotate.

[0039] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the excavating and washing mechanism comprises a scraper assembly 4 and a washing and screening assembly 5. The scraper assembly 4 is arranged at the back of the sludge discharge mechanism 3 and comprises a connecting rod 401, a rotating shaft 402, arc-shaped scrapers 1 403 and arc-shaped scrapers 2 404. The upper end of the connecting rod 401 is connected with the traction frame 201 to form a rotating pair and is driven to rotate by a driving motor 2 (not shown in the figure). The rotating shaft 402 parallel to the conveying shaft 1 303 is connected with the lower end of the connecting rod 401 to form a rotating pair and is driven by a driving motor 3. The rotating shaft 402 is fixed with a plurality of arc-shaped scrapers 1 403 and a plurality of arc-shaped scrapers 2 404 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. Each arc-shaped scraper 1 403 is arranged alternately with each arc-shaped scraper 2 404. The width of the arc-shaped scraper 1 403 is greater than that of the arc-shaped scraper 2 404. The washing and screening assembly 5 is arranged at the back of the scraper assembly 4 and comprises a fixed frame, excavating plates 501, a water conveying pipe 502, nozzles 503 and a fixed rod 504. The fixed rod 504 parallel to the rotating shaft 402 is fixed on the fixed frame. The fixed rod 504 is fixed with a plurality of excavating plates 501 which are arranged equidistantly in the axial direction and are arranged obliquely. The lower end of the excavating plate is closer to the rotating shaft than the upper end. The upper surface of the excavating plate 501 is arc-shaped in the rear half, which facilitates the separation of the newly excavated sinistroc and the washed sinistroc on the excavating plate 501. The water conveying pipe 502 parallel to the rotating shaft 402 is fixed on the fixed frame and is located above the fixed rod 504. The water conveying pipe 502 is fixed with a plurality of nozzles 503 which are arranged equidistantly in the axial direction and are connected. The nozzles 503 are directed to the rear half of the excavating plate 501.

[0040] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the conveying and collecting mechanism comprises a guide assembly 6, a conveying assembly 7 and a collecting frame 8. The conveying assembly 7 comprises a conveying frame, conveying frames 701, a convex shaft 704, hydraulic cylinders two 705, a driving shaft 708, a driven shaft 709 and support rods 710; the upper ends of the conveying frame and the two support rods 710 are fixed, the lower ends of the two support rods 710 are hinged to the traction frame 201; the upper ends of the two hydraulic cylinders two 705 are hinged to the middle part of the conveying frame, and the lower ends are hinged to the traction frame 201; the fixed frame of the flushing and screening assembly 5 is fixed to the lower end of the conveying frame and located in front of the conveying frame; the driving shaft 708 and the driven shaft 709 are parallel to the rotating shaft 402, and the driving shaft 708 and the driven shaft 709 form rotating pairs with the upper end and the lower end of the conveying frame respectively and are connected through chain transmission mechanism two, and the driving shaft 708 is driven by a driving motor four; a plurality of conveying frames 701 are arranged at equal intervals on the chain one 702 of the chain transmission mechanism two, and the conveying frame 701 is composed of a bottom plate 7010, an inclined plate 7011 and a baffle 7012, the bottom plate 7010 and the inclined plate 7011 are fixedly inclined, the inclined plate 7011 is fixed to the chain one 702, a plurality of screen holes are arranged at equal intervals on the bottom plate 7010, the baffle 7012 is a triangular plate and is provided with two baffle plates arranged at equal intervals, and the same end of the bottom plate 7010 and the inclined plate 7011 is fixedly connected with the two adjacent sides of one baffle 7012; the convex shaft 704 forms a rotating pair with the middle part of the conveying frame and a rolling friction pair with the chain one 702, and is used for making the chain one 702 protrude at the position of the convex shaft 704. The guide assembly 6 comprises an inclined plate 601, a cam 602, a rotating shaft 603 and a support frame 605; the support frame 605 is fixed to the traction frame 201, the rotating shaft 603 forms a rotating pair with the support frame 605 and is driven by a driving motor five 604, the cam 602 is fixed to the rotating shaft 603, one end of the inclined plate 601 is hinged to the traction frame 201, the other end is in contact with the cam 602, and the inclined plate 601 is located below the convex shaft 704. The collecting frame 8 is placed on the traction frame 201 and located at the end away from the cam 602 of the inclined plate 601. The distance between the two mud discharge ports 311 is greater than the length of the conveying frame 701; when each conveying frame 701 is located at the rear, the opening two of each conveying frame 701 faces downward, and when each conveying frame 701 is located at the front, the opening two of each conveying frame 701 faces upward.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the tractor 1 comprises a mobile chassis and a frame, the mobile chassis drives the frame to move, and the traction frame 201 is detachably fixed to the frame.

[0042] More preferably, the mobile chassis adopts a crawler walking mechanism.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the chain transmission mechanism one comprises chain one 309 and sprocket one 310, two sprocket one 310 are fixed on conveying shaft one 303 and conveying shaft two 304 respectively and connected through chain one 309.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the conveying frame comprises side plate one 706 and side plate two 707, the side plate one 706 and the side plate two 707 are parallel and spaced apart and fixed through connecting rods; two support rods 710 are fixed with the side plate one 706 and the side plate two 707 respectively, two hydraulic cylinders two 705 are hinged with the side plate one 706 and the side plate two 707 respectively, both ends of the driving shaft 708 and the side plate one 706 and the side plate two 707 respectively constitute a rotary pair, both ends of the driven shaft 709 and the side plate one 706 and the side plate two 707 respectively constitute a rotary pair, both ends of the convex shaft 704 and the side plate one 706 and the side plate two 707 respectively constitute a rotary pair.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the chain transmission mechanism two comprises chain one 702 and sprocket two 703, two sprocket two 703 are fixed with the driving shaft 708 and the driven shaft 709 respectively and connected through chain one 702.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the lower end of the sludge frame 306 is sawtooth-shaped, which facilitates the excavation of silt.

[0047] The present application is a kind of back support type Sinonovacula constricta layered harvesting machine harvesting method, as follows:

[0048] Step one, place the water tank on the traction frame 201, connect the water inlet of the water conveying pipe 502 with the water outlet of the water tank through pipeline and water pump; the tractor 1 drives the traction frame 201 to drive the sludge discharge mechanism 3, the excavation and washing mechanism and the conveying and collecting mechanism to move to the beach. In the initial state, the sludge frame 306, each arc-shaped scraper one 403, each arc-shaped scraper two 404 and each excavator plate 501 are located above the ground.

[0049] Step two, the controller controls the hydraulic valve to drive each hydraulic cylinder one 308 to drive the lower end of the sludge frame 306 to rotate downward, so that the sludge frame 306 digs into the sludge and drops to the preset depth H1. Then the tractor 1 drives the traction frame 201 to advance by a preset distance one (greater than or equal to the distance between the sludge removal mechanism 3 and the scraper assembly 4), the sludge frame 306 digs out the sludge above the preset depth H1, at the same time the controller controls the drive motor one to drive the conveying shaft one 303 to rotate, the conveying shaft one 303 drives the conveying shaft two 304 to rotate through the chain transmission mechanism one, and in turn drives each spiral blade one 301 and each spiral blade two 302 to rotate, each spiral blade one 301 and each spiral blade two 302 convey the sludge dug out by the sludge frame 306 to both ends of the sludge frame 306, and discharge from the corresponding holes and sludge outlets 311; the controller controls the drive motor two to drive the connecting rod 401 to drive each arc-shaped scraper one 403 and each arc-shaped scraper two 404 to drop, so that the height of each arc-shaped scraper one 403 at the lowest end drops to the preset depth H2, at the same time the controller controls the drive motor three to drive the rotating shaft 402 to drive each arc-shaped scraper one 403 and each arc-shaped scraper two 404 to rotate, with the downward rotation of the connecting rod 401, each arc-shaped scraper one 403 and each arc-shaped scraper two 404 alternately contact the sludge, dig out the sludge, and throw the sludge to the rear. Then the tractor 1 drives the traction frame 201 to continue to advance by a preset distance two (greater than or equal to the distance between the scraper assembly 4 and the flushing and screening assembly 5), at the same time the sludge frame 306 digs out the sludge above the preset depth H1, each spiral blade one 301 and each spiral blade two 302 convey this part of sludge to both ends of the sludge frame 306, and discharge from the corresponding holes and sludge outlets 311, each arc-shaped scraper one 403 and each arc-shaped scraper two 404 alternately dig out the sludge between the preset depth H1 and the preset depth H2, and throw the sludge to the rear; the controller controls the hydraulic valve to drive each hydraulic cylinder two 705 to drive the conveyor frame and the flushing and screening assembly 5 to rotate downward, so that the lower end of each digging plate 501 digs into the sludge and drops to the preset depth H3, wherein H1

[0050] Step three, the tractor 1 drive frame 201 continue to advance, while the water pump starts to work, the controller control drive motor four and drive motor five 604 start to work, the water tank water is pumped to the water pipe 502, and from each nozzle 503 is sprayed out, drive motor four drive shaft 708 rotation, the driving shaft 708 through the chain transmission mechanism two driven shaft 709 rotation, in turn make each transport frame 701 with chain transmission mechanism two chain 702 rotation, and when the chain 702 fixed with the transport frame 701 part and convex shaft 704 contact, convex shaft 704 make this part of the chain 702 chain one protruding, in turn make the corresponding transport frame 701 down, when this part of the chain 702 chain one go beyond convex shaft 704, this part of the chain 702 chain one drive transport frame 701 back to the original state, drive motor five 604 drive rotation axis 603 drive cam 602 rotation, when the cam 602 with the push section and the inclined plate 601 contact, cam 602 push section push the inclined plate 601 up, when the cam 602 with the return section and the inclined plate 601 contact, the inclined plate 601 under its own gravity down, in turn make the inclined plate 601 reciprocating up and down.

[0051] As Figure 13As shown, as the tractor 1 continues to advance, the mud frame 306 will dig out the silt above the preset depth H1, and the silt dug out by the mud frame 306 is transported to both ends of the mud frame 306 by the first spiral blade 301 and the second spiral blade 302, and is discharged from the corresponding hole and the mud discharge port 311, realizing the preliminary excavation of the silt and reducing the excavation difficulty of the first arc-shaped scraper 403 and the second arc-shaped scraper 404; the first arc-shaped scraper 403 and the second arc-shaped scraper 404 located behind the mud frame 306 will dig out the silt and sinistrocuneus between the preset depth H1 and the preset depth H2 in turns and throw them backward, realizing the secondary excavation of the silt and the preliminary excavation of the sinistrocuneus and reducing the excavation difficulty of the digging plate 501; the digging plate 501 located behind the rotating shaft 402 will shovel the silt and sinistrocuneus between the preset depth H2 and the preset depth H3 that have been excavated by the first arc-shaped scraper 403 and the second arc-shaped scraper 404, and the silt and sinistrocuneus thrown backward by the first arc-shaped scraper 403 and the second arc-shaped scraper 404 will fall on the digging plate 501 and be shoveled by the digging plate 501, and the silt and sinistrocuneus shoveled by the digging plate 501 will be pushed backward, and the water sprayed by the nozzle 503 will flush the silt and sinistrocuneus on the digging plate 501, so that the silt and sinistrocuneus smaller than the collection specification will fall from the gap of the digging plate 501 to the beach, and the sinistrocuneus left on the digging plate 501 will slide along the digging plate 501 to a conveying frame 701 that has been rotated by the chain 702, thereby realizing the flushing, secondary excavation and preliminary screening of the sinistrocuneus; the chain transmission mechanism 2 will convey the conveying frame 701 containing the sinistrocuneus upward, and the sinistrocuneus smaller than the collection specification will fall from the screen hole of the corresponding conveying frame 701 to the beach, thereby realizing the conveying and secondary screening of the sinistrocuneus; when the conveying frame 701 containing the sinistrocuneus moves to the position of the convex shaft 704 along the chain 702, the convex shaft 704 will make the chain 702 at this position protrude, thereby driving the conveying frame 701 to rotate downward, so that the sinistrocuneus will slide downward along the conveying frame 701 to the inclined plate 601, and under the vibration of the inclined plate 601, the sinistrocuneus will slide to the collection frame 8, thereby realizing the collection of the sinistrocuneus.

[0052] In this embodiment, the angle α between the lower surface of the digging plate 501 and the ground is 30 degrees, and the digging depth of the digging plate 501 is 2 cm more than that of the first arc-shaped scraper 403.

Claims

1. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams, comprising a tractor unit, a tractor frame, a digging and washing mechanism, and a conveying and collecting mechanism, characterized in that: It also includes a mud removal mechanism; the traction frame includes a traction frame and wheels, the traction vehicle is located at the front end of the traction frame and drives the traction frame forward, the mud removal mechanism, the digging and washing mechanism and the conveying and collecting mechanism are all located at the rear end of the traction frame, and two symmetrically arranged wheels are hinged in the middle of the traction frame. The sludge discharge mechanism includes a first conveyor shaft, a second conveyor shaft, a support plate, a sludge discharge frame, a suspension rod, a first hydraulic cylinder, and a sludge discharge port. The upper end of the suspension rod is hinged to the traction frame, and the lower end is hinged to the middle of the sludge discharge frame. The two hydraulic cylinders, which are parallel and spaced apart on both sides of the suspension rod, have their lower ends hinged to both ends of the sludge discharge frame, and their upper ends hinged to the traction frame. Each end of the sludge discharge frame has an opening, and a support plate is fixed inside each opening. The first and second conveyor shafts are horizontal and parallel. The two ends of the first conveyor shaft and the two support plates form a rotating pair, and two helical blades with opposite rotation directions are fixed on the first conveyor shaft. The excavation and flushing mechanism includes a scraper assembly and a flushing and screening assembly. The scraper assembly is located directly behind the sludge discharge mechanism and includes a connecting rod, a rotating shaft, an arc-shaped scraper (first type), and an arc-shaped scraper (second type). The upper end of the connecting rod forms a rotating pair with the traction frame and is driven to rotate by a second drive motor. The rotating shaft, parallel to the first conveying shaft, forms a rotating pair with the lower end of the connecting rod and is driven by a third drive motor. Multiple arc-shaped scrapers (first type) and multiple arc-shaped scrapers (second type) are fixed on the rotating shaft, evenly distributed circumferentially. Each arc-shaped scraper (first type) and each arc-shaped scraper (second type) are staggered, and the width of each arc-shaped scraper (first type) is greater than the width of each arc-shaped scraper (second type). The flushing and screening assembly is located directly behind the scraper assembly and includes a fixed frame, an excavating plate, a water supply pipe, a nozzle, and a fixed rod. The conveying and collecting mechanism includes a guiding assembly, a conveying assembly, and a collecting frame; the conveying assembly includes a conveyor frame, a conveying frame, a cam shaft, two hydraulic cylinders, a drive shaft, a driven shaft, and support rods; the upper end of the inclined conveyor frame is fixed to the upper end of two parallel and spaced support rods, and the lower ends of the two support rods are hinged to a traction frame; the upper ends of the two parallel and spaced hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the middle of the conveyor frame, and the lower ends are hinged to the traction frame; the fixing frame of the rinsing and screening assembly is fixed to the lower end of the conveyor frame and located in front of the conveyor frame; the drive shaft and the driven shaft are both parallel to the rotation axis, and The drive shaft and driven shaft form a rotating pair with the upper and lower ends of the conveyor frame, respectively, and are connected by a second chain drive mechanism. The drive shaft is driven by a fourth drive motor. The chain drive mechanism has multiple conveying frames arranged at equal intervals on the first chain. Each conveying frame consists of a base plate, an inclined plate, and a baffle. The base plate and the inclined plate are fixed at an incline. The inclined plate is fixed to the first chain. The base plate has multiple screen holes arranged at equal intervals. The baffle is a triangular plate with two baffles arranged at intervals. The same end of the base plate and the inclined plate is fixed to the two adjacent sides of a baffle. The convex shaft forms a rotating pair with the middle part of the conveyor frame and a rolling friction pair with the first chain.

2. The rear-mounted constricted razor clam layer harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tractor includes a mobile chassis and a frame. The mobile chassis drives the frame to move, and the tractor frame is detachably fixed to the frame. The two ends of the second conveyor shaft and the two support plates form a rotating pair, and a second helical blade is fixed on the second conveyor shaft at a position aligned with the first helical blade on the first conveyor shaft, and a first helical blade is fixed at a position aligned with the second helical blade on the first conveyor shaft. Holes are provided on both support plates, and the two holes are fixed and connected to two mud discharge ports located at two openings. The first conveyor shaft and the second conveyor shaft are connected by a chain drive mechanism, and a drive motor drives the first conveyor shaft to rotate.

3. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mobile chassis adopts a tracked walking mechanism.

4. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chain drive mechanism includes a sprocket and a chain. The two sprockets are fixed on the conveyor shaft and the conveyor shaft, respectively, and are connected by the chain.

5. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed rod parallel to the rotation axis is fixed to the fixed frame. Multiple digging plates are fixed on the fixed rod and are arranged equidistantly and inclined along the axial direction. The lower end of the digging plate is closer to the rotation axis than the upper end, and the rear half of the digging plate is arc-shaped. The water supply pipe parallel to the rotation axis is fixed to the fixed frame and located directly above the fixed rod. Multiple nozzles are fixed to and connected to the water supply pipe and are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction. The nozzles face the rear half of the digging plate.

6. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor frame includes a first side plate and a second side plate. The first side plate and the second side plate are parallel and spaced apart, and are fixed by connecting rods. Two support rods are fixed to the first side plate and the second side plate respectively. Two hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the first side plate and the second side plate respectively. The two ends of the drive shaft form a rotating pair with the first side plate and the second side plate respectively. The two ends of the driven shaft form a rotating pair with the first side plate and the second side plate respectively. The two ends of the cam shaft form a rotating pair with the first side plate and the second side plate respectively.

7. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain drive mechanism 2 includes a chain 1 and two sprockets 2. The two sprockets 2 are fixed to the driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively, and are connected by the chain 1.

8. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guiding assembly includes an inclined plate, a cam, a rotating shaft, and a support frame. The support frame is fixed to the traction frame, the rotating shaft and the support frame form a rotating pair and are driven by a drive motor. The cam is fixed to the rotating shaft. One end of the inclined plate is hinged to the traction frame, and the other end contacts the cam. The inclined plate is located below the cam. The collection frame is placed on the traction frame and is located at the end of the inclined plate away from the cam. The distance between the two sludge discharge ports is greater than the length of the conveying frame. When each conveying frame is located at the rear, the opening of each conveying frame faces downward. When each conveying frame is located at the front, the opening of each conveying frame faces upward.

9. A rear-mounted, layered harvesting machine for razor clams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the mud discharge frame is serrated.

10. The harvesting method of a rear-mounted stratified harvester for razor clams according to claim 8, characterized in that: Specifically as follows: Step 1: Place the water tank on the towing frame and connect the inlet of the water supply pipe to the outlet of the water tank through the pipe and water pump; the tractor drives the towing frame to move the mud removal mechanism, the digging and washing mechanism and the conveying and collecting mechanism to the mudflat; in the initial state, the mud removal frame, each arc scraper one, each arc scraper two and each digging plate are all above the ground. Step 2: The controller controls the hydraulic valves to drive each hydraulic cylinder to rotate the lower end of the mud discharge frame downwards, causing the mud discharge frame to dig into the mud and sand and descend to a preset depth H1. Then, the tractor drives the traction frame forward a preset distance, and the mud discharge frame digs out the mud and sand above the preset depth H1. At the same time, the controller controls the drive motor to drive the conveyor shaft to rotate. The conveyor shaft drives the conveyor shaft 2 to rotate through the chain drive mechanism, which in turn drives each spiral blade 1 and each spiral blade 2 to rotate. Each spiral blade 1 and each spiral blade 2 transports the mud and sand dug out by the mud discharge frame to both ends of the mud discharge frame and discharge it from the corresponding holes and mud discharge ports. The controller controls the drive motor 2 to drive the connecting rod to lower each arc scraper 1 and each arc scraper 2, so that the height of each arc scraper 1 at its lowest point decreases to a preset depth H2. At the same time, the controller controls the drive motor 3 to drive the connecting rod to lower each arc scraper 1 and each arc scraper 2. The drive shaft rotates each of the two arc-shaped scrapers. As the connecting rod rotates downwards, each of the two arc-shaped scrapers alternately contacts the mud and sand, excavating and throwing the mud and sand to the rear. Then, the tractor drives the traction frame to continue forward a preset distance two. At the same time, the mud discharge frame excavates the mud and sand above the preset depth H1. Each of the two spiral blades transports this part of the mud and sand to both ends of the mud discharge frame and discharges it from the corresponding holes and mud discharge ports. Each of the two arc-shaped scrapers alternately excavates the mud and sand between the preset depths H1 and H2 and throws it to the rear. The controller controls the hydraulic valve to drive each of the two hydraulic cylinders to drive the conveyor frame and the washing and screening components to rotate downwards, so that the lower end of each digging plate digs into the mud and sand and descends to the preset depth H3. Wherein, H1 < H2 < H3. Step 3: The tractor continues to move forward, and the water pump starts working. The controller controls the drive motors 4 and 5 to start working. The water in the tank is pumped to the water pipe and sprayed out from each nozzle. The drive motor 4 drives the drive shaft to rotate. The drive shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate through the chain drive mechanism 2, which in turn causes each conveyor frame to rotate with the chain 1 of the chain drive mechanism 2. When the part of the chain 1 with the conveyor frame fixed on it contacts the cam, the cam causes this part of the chain 1 to bulge, which in turn causes the corresponding conveyor frame to rotate downward. When this part of the chain 1 passes the cam, this part of the chain 1 drives the conveyor frame to return to its original position. The drive motor 5 drives the rotating shaft to drive the cam to rotate. When the push section of the cam contacts the inclined plate, the push section of the cam pushes the inclined plate to rotate upward. When the return section of the cam contacts the inclined plate, the inclined plate rotates downward under its own weight, which in turn causes the inclined plate to rotate up and down repeatedly. As the tractor continues to move forward, the mud discharge frame excavates the mud and sand above the preset depth H1. The excavated mud and sand are transported to both ends of the mud discharge frame by each of the first and second spiral blades and discharged from the corresponding holes and discharge ports. The first and second curved scrapers behind the mud discharge frame excavate the mud and sand and clams located between the preset depths H1 and H2 in stages and throw them to the rear. The digging plates behind the rotating shaft scoop in the mud and sand and clams located between the preset depths H2 and H3 excavated by each of the first and second curved scrapers, and the mud and sand and clams thrown to the rear by each of the first and second curved scrapers fall onto the digging plates. On the digging plates, the mud and clams shoveled in by each digging plate are pushed backward. At the same time, water sprayed from each nozzle washes away the mud and clams on each digging plate, causing the mud and clams smaller than the harvest size to fall from the gaps between the digging plates onto the mudflat. The clams left on each digging plate slide down along the digging plates into a conveyor frame that rotates with the chain. The chain drive mechanism 2 conveys the conveyor frame containing the clams upward, while the clams smaller than the harvest size fall from the sieve holes of the corresponding conveyor frame onto the mudflat. When the conveyor frame containing the clams moves with the chain to the position of the convex shaft, the conveyor frame rotates downward, causing the clams to slide down along the conveyor frame onto the inclined plate. Under the vibration of the inclined plate, the clams slide into the collection frame.

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