Platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and its preparation method and application, which relates to the field of new energy materials and application technology. The carbon black carrier is added to the treatment agent, mixed evenly and then heated under reflux, the treated carbon black carrier is filtered and washed until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, and dried to obtain the pretreated carbon black carrier; a platinum precursor, other metal salts and a coating agent are added to water, mixed evenly, the pretreated carbon black carrier is added, ultrasonically dispersed or mechanically stirred, heated to remove water, and the sample is placed in a vacuum oven to dry to obtain a catalyst precursor; the catalyst precursor is placed in a tubular furnace, and the catalyst precursor is subjected to high-temperature reduction and ordering treatment under a reducing atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. The preparation method of the present invention has simple operation steps and production equipment, has high safety and reliability, low preparation cost, and can be suitable for large-scale industrial production and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy materials and application technologies, and in particular to a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Catalysts are the core components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and their activity and durability are key factors affecting the cost and performance of PEMFCs. Currently, commercial Pt / C catalysts for PEMFCs have problems such as high cost, low activity, and poor durability. Alloying Pt with 3d transition metals to prepare platinum alloy catalysts is one of the effective methods to reduce catalyst costs and improve catalyst activity. Due to the existence of diffusion energy barriers, the prepared Pt-based alloys are usually disordered solid solutions, with Pt and transition metal M randomly occupying face-centered cubic positions. During the circulation process of acidic electrolytes, the transition metal M on the surface will dissolve into the electrolyte, resulting in the disappearance of the alloying effect and the attenuation of catalyst performance.

[0003] Compared with disordered solid solution alloys, ordered intermetallic compounds have orderly atomic arrangement, showing higher mixing enthalpy and stronger Pt(5d)-M(3d) orbital interaction, which can inhibit the dissolution of transition metal M and have excellent structural stability in acidic electrolyte. Therefore, transforming disordered solid solution into ordered intermetallic compounds can greatly improve the stability of catalysts, and it is also a very promising fuel cell catalyst. At present, the preparation methods of carbon-supported intermetallic compound catalysts mainly include low-temperature wet chemical method and high-temperature annealing method. The order degree of Pt-based nanoparticles prepared by low-temperature wet chemical method is low. In contrast, Pt-based intermetallic compounds synthesized by high-temperature annealing method have better order degree under the action of thermally driven phase transition. However, due to the higher surface free energy of Pt-based nanoparticles and their weak interaction with carbon carriers, Pt-based nanoparticles will migrate, agglomerate or even sinter during the high-temperature treatment ordering process, resulting in a larger size of the obtained intermetallic compound, which reduces the utilization rate of Pt atoms. Therefore, how to effectively inhibit the growth of Pt-based nanoparticle size during high-temperature treatment becomes a difficulty in the preparation of carbon-supported Pt-based intermetallic compounds.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and its preparation method and application to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, which can effectively inhibit the sintering of Pt-based nanoparticles. The obtained Pt-based intermetallic compound is small in size and controllable. The method has simple operating steps and production equipment, and the raw materials and reagents used are common and easily available, which is conducive to large-scale application.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Add the carbon black carrier to the treating agent, mix well and heat under reflux, filter and wash the treated carbon black carrier until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, and dry to obtain the pretreated carbon black carrier;

[0008] S2. Add a platinum precursor, other metal salts and a coating agent into water, disperse by ultrasonic or stir mechanically until the mixture is uniformly mixed, add the pretreated carbon black carrier obtained in step S1, disperse by ultrasonic or stir mechanically, heat to remove water, and dry the sample in a vacuum oven to obtain a catalyst precursor; the mass ratio of the platinum precursor, the coating agent and the pretreated carbon black carrier is (130-400): (50-200): (200-450), and the atomic ratio of the metal elements in the other metal salts to the Pt in the platinum precursor is 1: (1-3);

[0009] S3. Placing the catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 in a tubular furnace, reducing and ordering the catalyst precursor under a reducing atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, wherein the Pt content in the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is 10-30wt%.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the carbon black carrier is one of acetylene black, XC-72R conductive carbon black, BP-2000 porous carbon, and EC-300J, ECP-600, and ECP-600JD Ketjen black.

[0011] Furthermore, the treatment agent is one of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and the solid-liquid ratio of the carbon black carrier to the treatment agent is 1g:(50~200ml).

[0012] The reflux treatment temperature of the carbon black carrier is 50-100° C., the treatment time is 2-24 hours, the drying temperature is 60-100° C., and the drying time is 6-24 hours.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the platinum precursor is chloroplatinic acid or ammonium platinum nitrate, and the other metal salt is one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, iron nitrate, iron chloride, copper nitrate, copper chloride and titanium chloride.

[0014] The coating agent is one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, chitosan, dopamine, triethanolamine and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0015] The heating temperature is 50-100° C., the vacuum oven drying temperature is 60-100° C., and the drying time is 6-24 hours.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the reducing atmosphere is one of hydrogen, hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the temperature of the reduction and ordering treatment is 500~950°C, the heating rate is 2~10°C / min, and the treatment time is 2~8h.

[0017] The present invention also provides a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst includes a carbon black carrier and a platinum-based intermetallic compound loaded on the surface of the carbon black carrier. The average size of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is less than 3nm.

[0018] The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is used in the oxygen reduction reaction of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) The present invention provides a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is a carbon-supported intermetallic compound catalyst, which is prepared by loading Pt and a transition metal precursor on a carbon black carrier by a one-step co-impregnation method and then undergoing a high-temperature hydrogen reduction treatment. By adding a surface coating agent during the impregnation process, the sintering of platinum-based nanoparticles is inhibited, and a size-controlled platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is synthesized, with an average size of less than 3 nm and high electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction activity. The preparation method of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst of the present invention is a one-time feeding, one-step synthesis, simple operation steps and production equipment, high safety and reliability, low preparation cost, and suitable for large-scale industrial production and application.

[0021] (2) The present invention suppresses the Oswald ripening of Pt-based nanoparticles and the sintering of intermetallic compounds by adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone or the like as a surface coating agent, thereby achieving controllable synthesis of small-sized nano-intermetallic compounds.

[0022] (3) The carbon support used in the present invention has been treated with surface functional groups, which strengthens the interaction between the active components and the carbon support and enhances the anchoring effect of the carbon support on the active species.

[0023] (4) The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst provided by the present invention realizes the controllable preparation of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst through the dual control of surface coating and enhanced anchoring, suppresses the sintering problem of platinum-based nanoparticles during the high-temperature ordered transformation process, has the advantages of uniform dispersion and controllable size, has high Pt utilization efficiency, and improves the oxygen reduction reaction activity of the catalyst. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is the nitrogen adsorption isotherm diagram of the carbon black carrier after pretreatment in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a BJH pore size distribution curve of the pretreated carbon black carrier in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a TEM image of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a TEM image of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is the TEM image of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst in Comparative Example 1.

[0029] Figure 6 The XRD spectra of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalysts in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention are shown.

[0030] Figure 7 1 is the LSV polarization curve of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst in Examples 1-2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0033] In addition, it should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0034] The present invention provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Add the carbon black carrier to the treating agent, mix well and heat under reflux, filter and wash the treated carbon black carrier until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, and dry to obtain the pretreated carbon black carrier.

[0036] Specifically, the carbon black carrier is preferably one of acetylene black, XC-72R conductive carbon black, BP-2000 porous carbon and EC-300J, ECP-600, ECP-600JD Ketjen black; the treating agent is preferably one of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, the solid-liquid ratio of the carbon black carrier to the treating agent is preferably 1g: (50~200ml), the heating reflux treatment temperature is preferably 50~100°C, the treatment time is preferably 2~24h, the drying temperature is preferably 60~100°C, and the drying time is preferably 6~24h.

[0037] S2. Add a platinum precursor, other metal salts and a coating agent into water, and ultrasonically disperse or mechanically stir until the mixture is uniformly mixed. Add the carbon black carrier pretreated in step S1, and ultrasonically disperse or mechanically stir. Heat to remove water, and dry the sample in a vacuum oven to obtain a catalyst precursor. The preferred mass ratio of the platinum precursor, the coating agent and the pretreated carbon black carrier is (130~400): (50~200): (200~450), and the atomic ratio of the metal elements in other metal salts to Pt in the platinum precursor is 1: (1~3).

[0038] Specifically, the platinum precursor is preferably chloroplatinic acid or ammonium platinum nitrate, and the other metal salt is preferably one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, iron nitrate, iron chloride, copper nitrate, copper chloride and titanium chloride.

[0039] The coating agent is preferably one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), chitosan, dopamine, triethanolamine and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0040] The heating method for removing water is ultrasonic heating, water bath heating with stirring, or alternating the two methods. The heating temperature is preferably 50-100°C.

[0041] The temperature of vacuum oven drying is preferably 60-100° C., and the drying time is preferably 6-24 h.

[0042] S3. Placing the catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 in a tubular furnace, reducing and ordering the catalyst precursor under a reducing atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, wherein the Pt content is 10-30wt%.

[0043] Specifically, the reducing atmosphere is one of hydrogen, hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The temperature of the reduction and ordering treatment is preferably 500-950°C, the heating rate is 2-10°C / min, and the treatment time is preferably 2-8h, so that the platinum precursor is reduced to platinum nanoparticles and forms intermetallic compounds.

[0044] The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst prepared by the preparation method of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises a carbon black carrier and a platinum-based intermetallic compound supported on the surface of the carbon black carrier. The average size of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is less than 3 nm.

[0045] The preparation method of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst provided by the present invention is described below in conjunction with specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents in the examples of the present application are purchased through commercial channels.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Example 1 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1. Add 3 g of commercial carbon black (XR-72R) to 600 ml of hydrogen peroxide, heat and reflux at 60 ° C for 5 h, filter and wash with deionized water until neutral, and then vacuum dry at 80 ° C overnight to obtain a pretreated carbon black carrier;

[0049] S2. Weigh 41 mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 270 mg of chloroplatinic acid and add them to the aqueous solution, then add 0.1 g of dopamine and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min; then add 390 mg of the pretreated carbon black carrier, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, and stir at room temperature overnight to fully mix the precursor solution and the carbon black carrier; heat and stir at 60°C for 1 h and ultrasonically disperse for 1 h alternately until the solution is evaporated to dryness, and the obtained solid mixture is vacuum dried at 60°C overnight to obtain a catalyst precursor;

[0050] S3. The catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 is transferred to a quartz crucible and placed in a tube furnace at 5% H 2 The catalyst was calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.

[0051] Embodiment 2-7

[0052] Examples 2-7 respectively provide a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the type and amount of the surface coating agent are different, as shown in Table 1. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] Example 8 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1. Add 3 g of commercial carbon black (XR-72R) to 600 ml of hydrogen peroxide, heat and reflux at 60 ° C for 5 h, filter and wash with deionized water until neutral, and then vacuum dry at 80 ° C overnight to obtain a pretreated carbon black carrier;

[0056] S2. Weigh 123 mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 270 mg of chloroplatinic acid and add them to the aqueous solution, then add 0.15 g of PVP and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min; then add 370 mg of the pretreated carbon black carrier, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, and stir at room temperature overnight to fully mix the precursor solution and the carbon black carrier; heat and stir at 60°C for 1 h and ultrasonically disperse for 1 h alternately until the solution is evaporated to dryness, and the obtained solid mixture is vacuum dried at 60°C overnight to obtain a catalyst precursor;

[0057] S3. The catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 is transferred to a quartz crucible and placed in a tube furnace at 5% H 2 The catalyst was calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.

[0058] Examples 9-10

[0059] Examples 9-10 respectively provide a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 8, the only difference is that the surface coating agent and the amount used are different. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those of Example 8 and will not be repeated here.

[0060] Embodiment 11

[0061] Example 11 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1. Add 3 g of commercial carbon black (XR-72R) to 600 ml of hydrogen peroxide, heat and reflux at 60 ° C for 5 h, filter and wash with deionized water until neutral, and then vacuum dry at 80 ° C overnight to obtain a pretreated carbon black carrier;

[0063] S2. Weigh 75 mg of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 398 mg of chloroplatinic acid and add them to the aqueous solution, then add 0.1 g of dopamine and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min; then add 335 mg of the pretreated carbon black carrier and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, stir at room temperature overnight to fully mix the precursor solution and the carbon black carrier; heat and stir at 60°C for 1 h and ultrasonically disperse for 1 h alternately until the solution is evaporated to dryness, and vacuum dry the obtained solid mixture at 60°C overnight to obtain a catalyst precursor;

[0064] S3. The catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 is transferred to a quartz crucible and placed in a tube furnace at 5% H 2 The catalyst was calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.

[0065] Examples 12-15

[0066] Examples 12-15 respectively provide a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the metal salt and the amount used are different. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0067] Examples 16-18

[0068] Examples 16-18 respectively provide a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the type of carbon black carrier is different, as shown in Table 1. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0069] Embodiment 19

[0070] Example 19 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0071] S1. 3 g of commercial carbon black (XR-72R) was added to 300 ml of concentrated nitric acid, heated under reflux at 70 °C for 2 h, filtered and washed with deionized water until neutral, and then vacuum dried at 80 °C overnight to obtain a pretreated carbon black carrier;

[0072] S2. Weigh 41 mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 270 mg of chloroplatinic acid and add them to the aqueous solution, then add 0.1 g of dopamine, and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min; then add 390 mg of the pretreated carbon black carrier, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, and stir at room temperature overnight to fully mix the precursor solution and the carbon black carrier; heat and stir at 60°C for 1 h and ultrasonically disperse for 1 h alternately until the solution is evaporated to dryness, and the obtained solid mixture is vacuum dried at 60°C overnight to obtain a catalyst precursor;

[0073] S3. The catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 is transferred to a quartz crucible and placed in a tube furnace at 5% H 2 The catalyst was calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst.

[0074] Embodiment 20

[0075] Example 20 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 19, the only difference is that the carbon black carrier is commercial carbon black (EC-300J). Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 19 and will not be repeated here.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] Comparative Example 1 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no surface coating agent is added, as shown in Table 1. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 1 and are not repeated here.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] Comparative Example 2 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 2, the only difference is that the carbon black carrier is not pretreated, as shown in Table 1. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0080] Comparative Example 3

[0081] Comparative Example 3 provides a method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the carbon black carrier is not pretreated and no surface coating agent is added, as shown in Table 1. Other experimental parameters and conditions are basically the same as those in Example 1 and are not repeated here.

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Figure 1 to Figure 2 They are respectively the nitrogen adsorption isotherm and the BJH pore size distribution curve of the carbon black carrier after pretreatment in Example 1. It can be seen that the carrier has a rich multi-level pore structure after pretreatment, which provides a suitable landing point for platinum-based nanoparticles.

[0085] Figures 3 to 5 They are TEM images of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalysts in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. It can be seen that the present invention improves the dispersion of platinum-based nanoparticles on the carbon black carrier by surface coating. In contrast, the platinum-based nanoparticles of the catalyst in Comparative Example 1 without the addition of a surface coating agent have obvious agglomeration problems.

[0086] Figure 6 The XRD spectra of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalysts in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1, where Pt / C represents a commercial platinum-carbon catalyst, can be seen that the intermetallic compound catalyst prepared by the method of the present invention has an obvious superlattice peak (33.3 o), confirming the ordered transformation of Pt-based nanoparticles into intermetallic compounds during high-temperature annealing.

[0087] Figure 7 The LSV polarization curves of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalysts in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2, where Pt / C represents a commercial platinum-carbon catalyst. It can be seen that the present invention can effectively improve the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction activity of the catalyst by adding a suitable amount of surface coating agent. The intermetallic compound catalyst obtained by the optimized process in Example 1 has a higher activity, and the mass specific activity and half-wave potential can reach 0.66 A / mg Pt , which is significantly better than the activity of the comparative example 1 without adding the surface coating agent (0.22A / mg Pt ) and the activity of commercial platinum-carbon catalyst (0.21 A / mg Pt ). In Comparative Example 2, since the carbon black carrier was not pretreated, the mass specific activity of the prepared catalyst was 0.24 A / mg Pt , which is significantly lower than the mass specific activity of the catalyst prepared with treated carbon black as carrier in Example 2 (0.30 A / mg Pt ). In Comparative Example 3, the carbon black carrier was not pretreated and no surface coating agent was added, and the catalyst mass specific activity was only (0.14A / mgPt). Therefore, the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 further prove the important role of carbon black carrier pretreatment and the addition of surface coating agent in the preparation of high-performance intermetallic compound catalysts.

[0088] In summary, the preparation method of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst provided by the present invention is to first pretreat the carbon black carrier to introduce surface oxygen-containing functional groups to enhance the ability of anchoring metal sites, then load the metal precursor by a co-impregnation method and add a coating agent to prepare a catalyst precursor, and finally obtain the carbon-supported intermetallic compound catalyst through high-temperature annealing treatment. Through the dual control of organic surface coating and anchoring effect, the controllable preparation of the carbon-supported platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is achieved, the uniform dispersion of platinum-based nanoparticles on the carbon black carrier and the controllable particle size are achieved, and the utilization efficiency of the catalyst Pt and the oxygen reduction reaction activity are improved.

[0089] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Add the carbon black carrier to the treating agent, mix well and heat under reflux, filter and wash the treated carbon black carrier until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, and dry to obtain the pretreated carbon black carrier; The treatment agent is hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, the solid-liquid ratio of the carbon black carrier to the treatment agent is 1g: (50-200ml); the temperature of the heating reflux treatment is 50-60°C; S2. Add a platinum precursor, other metal salts and a coating agent into water, disperse by ultrasonic or stir mechanically until the mixture is uniformly mixed, add the pretreated carbon black carrier obtained in step S1, disperse by ultrasonic or stir mechanically, heat to remove water, and dry the sample in a vacuum oven to obtain a catalyst precursor; the mass ratio of the platinum precursor, the coating agent and the pretreated carbon black carrier is (130-400): (50-200): (200-450), the coating agent is one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, chitosan, dopamine, triethanolamine and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide; the atomic ratio of the metal element in the other metal salt to Pt in the platinum precursor is 1: (1-3); S3. placing the catalyst precursor obtained in step S2 in a tubular furnace, and performing reduction and ordering treatment on the catalyst precursor under a reducing atmosphere to obtain a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst; the temperature of the reduction and ordering treatment is 500-950°C, the heating rate is 2-10°C / min, and the treatment time is 2-8h; the Pt content in the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is 10-30wt%.

2. The method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the carbon black carrier is one of acetylene black, XC-72R conductive carbon black, BP-2000 porous carbon, EC-300J, ECP-600, and ECP-600JD Ketjen black.

3. The method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the heating reflux treatment time is 2 to 24 hours, the drying temperature is 60 to 100° C., and the drying time is 6 to 24 hours.

4. The method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the platinum precursor is chloroplatinic acid or ammonium platinum nitrate, and the other metal salt is one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, iron nitrate, iron chloride, copper nitrate, copper chloride and titanium chloride.

5. The method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the heating temperature is 50-100°C, the vacuum oven drying temperature is 60-100°C, and the drying time is 6-24 hours.

6. The method for preparing a platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the reducing atmosphere is one of hydrogen, hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas.

7. A platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst, prepared by the preparation method of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst comprises a carbon black carrier and a platinum-based intermetallic compound supported on the surface of the carbon black carrier, and the average size of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is less than 3 nm.

8. Use of the platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: The platinum-based intermetallic compound catalyst is used in the oxygen reduction reaction of hydrogen fuel cells.

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