Vehicle window glass and method of designing the same, vehicle window assembly

Abstract

This application relates to the field of automotive window glass, and more particularly to a window glass and its design method, and a window assembly. The window glass includes at least one signal acquisition area, which has a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the window glass is installed in a vehicle. The optical sensor is capable of receiving light signals passing through the signal acquisition area, and the at least one signal acquisition area has a first wedge angle δ1. The window glass provided by this application is better suited to optical sensors, minimizing the influence of secondary image deviation when the optical sensor acquires image data through the signal acquisition area of ​​the window glass, thereby further improving the accuracy of the image data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive window glass, and more particularly to a window glass and its design method, and a window assembly. Background Technology

[0002] To achieve advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and even autonomous driving, optical sensors, such as visible light cameras, infrared cameras, millimeter-wave radar, lidar, and ultrasonic radar, are typically installed inside the vehicle near the top of the windshield. For visible light cameras, light from external objects must pass through the windshield before being received. Specifically, light from external objects is refracted from the outer surface of the windshield into its interior. A portion of this light is refracted directly from the inner surface of the windshield to form the primary ray received by the visible light camera, which creates the primary image. The other portion of the light is reflected from both the inner and outer surfaces of the windshield and then refracted again to form the secondary ray received by the visible light camera, creating a secondary image (or "double image") captured by the camera. The angle between the primary and secondary ray rays is called the secondary image deviation angle. In some driving scenarios, such as when there is strong contrast in the light outside the vehicle, especially at night with traffic lights, streetlights and electronic signs, the visible light camera may capture a clear secondary image that is out of focus, thus interfering with image recognition and driving safety.

[0003] To suppress secondary image deviation, existing technologies typically employ a fixed wedge angle in the windshield to reduce the separation of secondary light rays. Methods for detecting the secondary image deviation angle are detailed in regulatory standards ECE R43 and GB9656, and their test methods, and have been widely used in the industry. For example, the background art of patent CN101888927B describes J. Aclocque's "Doppelbilder als" based on pages 193-198 of Z. Glastechn. Ber. 193 (1970). The function "optischer Fehler der Windschutzscheibe [Double imagesas interfering optical errors in windshields]" can calculate the offset angle of the secondary image and the corresponding wedge angle.

[0004] The formula for calculating the secondary image deviation angle is as follows:

[0005]

[0006] Where η is the secondary image deviation angle, n is the refractive index of the glass, t is the thickness of the glass plate, and R... c It is the radius of curvature of the glass plate at the position of the incident light, and It is the angle of incidence of light relative to the vertical direction of the glass plate.

[0007] The formula for calculating the wedge angle required to eliminate secondary image deviation is as follows:

[0008]

[0009] Where δ is the wedge angle required to eliminate secondary image deviation.

[0010] The aforementioned regulations, standards, and calculation formulas assume that a bright spot (light source) at an infinitely distant location illuminates a glass medium, measuring the angle between the principal ray and its secondary ray. This is primarily used for human observation of distant scenes, and the required values ​​are generally lenient. For example, ECE R43 and GB9656 specify a maximum secondary image deviation of 15′ for the expanded A area and 25′ for the reduced B area. These requirements clearly do not meet the usage requirements of visible light cameras, especially the more stringent requirements of high-definition cameras. Calculating the secondary image deviation angle and the wedge angle required to eliminate it according to the aforementioned regulations, standards, and formulas is equivalent to setting the distance between the visible light camera and the object being photographed to infinity by default. This is inconsistent with actual application scenarios, therefore, the secondary image deviation phenomenon still exists, which may lead to misidentification, misjudgment, or even affect driving safety in certain special scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a vehicle window glass and its design method, as well as a vehicle window assembly. This reduces the impact of secondary image deviation on the image data obtained by the optical sensor, improves the accuracy of the image data, and enables the optical sensor to realize advanced driver assistance or even autonomous driving functions based on the image data, thereby improving the vehicle's safety and intelligence level.

[0012] In a first aspect, this application provides a vehicle window glass, characterized in that the vehicle window glass is applied to a vehicle, and at least one optical sensor is installed inside the vehicle;

[0013] The vehicle window glass includes at least one signal acquisition area, which has a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the vehicle window glass is installed in a vehicle. The optical sensor is capable of receiving light signals from a target object passing through the signal acquisition area. The at least one signal acquisition area has a first wedge angle δ1, which satisfies the following:

[0014]

[0015] Where t1 is the thickness of the window glass in the signal acquisition area, R1 is the longitudinal radius of curvature of the window glass in the signal acquisition area, n1 is the refractive index of the window glass, and D is the calibration acquisition distance of the optical sensor, D = 5m to 160m. The angle between the target object located at the calibrated acquisition distance and the line connecting it to the optical sensor, and the normal to the signal acquisition area.

[0016] As can be seen, the signal acquisition area of ​​the car window glass has a wedge shape with a thickness greater at the top than at the bottom. The wedge angle is a first wedge angle, calculated based on the thickness of the car window glass, its longitudinal radius of curvature, the angle between the target object at the calibrated acquisition distance and the line connecting it to the optical sensor, and the normal to the signal acquisition area, the refractive index of the car window glass, and the calibrated acquisition distance of the optical sensor. The car window glass provided in this application is better suited to the optical sensor, minimizing the influence of secondary image deviation when the optical sensor acquires image data through the signal acquisition area of ​​the car window glass, thus further improving the accuracy of the image data.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the vehicle window glass includes an outer glass panel, an intermediate adhesive layer, and an inner glass panel. The outer glass panel has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, and the inner glass panel has a third surface and a fourth surface disposed opposite to each other. The intermediate adhesive layer is disposed between the second surface and the third surface. The thickness of the outer glass panel is 1.6 mm to 4 mm, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass panel is 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the first wedge angle δ1 is constant or decreases continuously and monotonically from the lower side to the upper side.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, when R1 is 500mm≤R1<2000mm, δ1 is 0.65mrad≤δ1≤2.83mrad; or when R1 is 2000mm≤R1≤8000mm, δ1 is 0.17mrad≤δ1≤0.7mrad; or when R1>8000mm, δ1 is 0.1mrad≤δ1≤0.35mrad.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the window glass in the signal acquisition area varies monotonically, with the rate of change of the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 being -10% to +10%, or -5% to +5%.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the signal acquisition area ensures that the sub-image deviation angle of the image data acquired by the optical sensor is less than or equal to 5.0 arcmin.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, each signal acquisition area is used for an optical sensor to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of the optical sensor.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, each signal acquisition area is used for at least two optical sensors to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, each signal acquisition area is used for N optical sensors to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 satisfies:

[0025]

[0026] Where x1, x2…x N To calculate the weights, δ 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N To determine the calibrated acquisition distance D based on the Nth optical sensor N The calculated wedge angle value is N≥2.

[0027] When multiple optical sensors acquire image data in each signal acquisition area, the wedge angle value corresponding to each optical sensor is calculated separately. Then, the weighted average value is obtained based on the weight of each optical sensor to obtain a unified first wedge angle. This improves the accuracy of image data acquired by multiple optical sensors and eliminates the need to set multiple areas with different wedge angle values ​​for each optical sensor in the signal acquisition area, which facilitates the production and maintenance of vehicle window glass.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the window glass further includes at least one head-up display area, each head-up display area being used to reflect projected light emitted by a projection light source to form a head-up display image.

[0029] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the projected light comprises at least 80% P-polarized light and at most 20% S-polarized light, the head-up display area has a rectangular shape in which the thickness of the upper side is equal to the thickness of the lower side when the window glass is installed in the vehicle, the head-up display area is provided with a P-polarized light reflective film or a holographic film, and the head-up display area has a reflectivity of at least 10% for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 65°.

[0030] It can be seen that by using a P-polarized light reflective film or holographic film to reflect and image the P-polarized light in the projected light, a head-up display can be achieved. This allows the head-up display area to maintain a rectangular shape of uniform thickness, which can reduce the design complexity of the car window glass and meet the usage needs of drivers wearing sunglasses when combined with P-polarized light projection.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the projected light includes at least 50% S-polarized light and at most 50% P-polarized light, the head-up display area has a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the window glass is installed in the vehicle, and at least one head-up display area has a second wedge angle δ2, δ2 = 0.1 mrad to 0.8 mrad.

[0032] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the second wedge angle δ2 is constant or continuously variable.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the first wedge angle δ1 is greater than the second wedge angle δ2, where δ1 = 0.2 mrad to 0.5 mrad and δ2 = 0.15 mrad to 0.4 mrad.

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the difference between the first wedge angle δ1 and the second wedge angle δ2 is δ1-δ2≤0.1mrad or δ1-δ2≤0.08mrad.

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the first wedge angle δ1 is smaller than the second wedge angle δ2, where δ1 = 0.2 mrad to 0.5 mrad and δ2 = 0.4 mrad to 0.8 mrad.

[0036] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the difference between the first wedge angle δ1 and the second wedge angle δ2 is δ2-δ1≥0.2mrad, or δ2-δ1≥0.3mrad, or δ2-δ1≥0.4mrad.

[0037] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, a wedge transition zone is provided between the signal acquisition area and the head-up display area, wherein the wedge angle change rate of the wedge transition zone is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.2mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.1mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.05mrad / 100mm.

[0038] It can be seen that there is a wedge angle transition zone between the signal acquisition area and the head-up display area of ​​the car window glass, where the wedge angle changes uniformly. This allows the wedge angles of different areas to gradually change and transition through the wedge angle transition zone, thus ensuring the optical quality of the car window glass.

[0039] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the window glass further includes at least one of an anti-fingerprint film, a heat insulation film, an electric heating film, an anti-ultraviolet film, and an anti-fog film, wherein the heat insulation film and the electric heating film avoid the signal acquisition area.

[0040] Secondly, this application also provides a method for designing a vehicle window glass, comprising: acquiring first data of the vehicle window glass, the first data including the location of the signal acquisition area of ​​the vehicle window glass, the thickness t1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area, the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area, and the refractive index n1 of the vehicle window glass; and acquiring second data of optical sensors, the second data including the number of optical sensors, the location of the optical sensors, the calibration acquisition distance D of the optical sensors, and the angle between the line connecting the target object located at the calibration acquisition distance and the optical sensor and the normal of the signal acquisition area. Calculate the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area based on the first and second data:

[0041]

[0042] Where D = 5 meters - 160 meters.

[0043] As can be seen, the signal acquisition area of ​​the vehicle window glass has a wedge shape with a thickness greater at the top than at the bottom, and the wedge angle is the first wedge angle. The vehicle window glass provided in this application is better suited to optical sensors, so that when the optical sensors acquire image data through the signal acquisition area of ​​the vehicle window glass, they are less affected by the deviation of secondary images, further improving the accuracy of the image data.

[0044] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible embodiment, the number of optical sensors is one or at least two, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors.

[0045] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible embodiment, the number of optical sensors is at least two, and the first wedge angle δ1 satisfies:

[0046]

[0047] Where x1, x2…x N To calculate the weights, δ 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N To determine the calibrated acquisition distance D based on the Nth optical sensor N The calculated wedge angle value is N≥2.

[0048] As can be seen, when multiple optical sensors collect image data in each signal acquisition area, the wedge angle value corresponding to each optical sensor is calculated separately, and then the weighted average value is obtained based on the weight of each optical sensor to obtain the determined first wedge angle. This takes into account the image acquisition needs of optical sensors with different calibrated acquisition distances, improves the accuracy of image data acquired by multiple optical sensors, and eliminates the need to set multiple areas with different wedge angle values ​​for each optical sensor in the signal acquisition area, which is convenient for the production and maintenance of car window glass.

[0049] Thirdly, this application also provides a window assembly, including:

[0050] Such as the window glass of the first aspect; and at least one optical sensor, the optical sensor being mounted on the inner surface of the window glass.

[0051] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible embodiment, the optical sensor includes at least one of a narrow-angle camera, a standard camera, and a wide-angle camera; when the optical sensor is a narrow-angle camera, the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the narrow-angle camera is <40°, and the calibration acquisition distance D = 100m to 160m; when the optical sensor is a standard camera, the horizontal field of view of the standard camera is 40° ≤ HFOV ≤ 90°, and the calibration acquisition distance D = 50m to 100m; when the optical sensor is a wide-angle camera, the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the wide-angle camera is >90°, and the calibration acquisition distance D = 10m to 50m.

[0052] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible embodiment, when the optical sensor includes a standard camera and also includes at least one of a narrow-angle camera and a wide-angle camera, the calibrated acquisition distance D = 50m to 100m.

[0053] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible embodiment, at least one of the narrow-angle camera, the standard camera, and the wide-angle camera is a visible light camera with a resolution of 5 megapixels or greater, and the visible light camera has an MTF value of 0.6 or greater at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency.

[0054] As can be seen, the optical sensor includes at least one of a narrow-angle camera, a standard camera, and a wide-angle camera. Image data within each distance range is acquired through a dedicated camera, which further improves the accuracy of the image data. This enables advanced driver assistance and even autonomous driving functions based on more accurate image data, thereby improving vehicle safety and intelligence, as well as enhancing the user's driving experience. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0056] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in this application;

[0057] Figure 2 This application provides a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle window assembly;

[0058] Figure 3 A top view of a vehicle window glass provided in this application;

[0059] Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vehicle window glass provided in this application;

[0060] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the signal acquisition area;

[0061] Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the head-up display area of ​​a vehicle window provided in this application;

[0062] Figure 7 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the head-up display area of ​​another type of vehicle window glass provided in this application;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first intermediate adhesive layer provided in this application;

[0064] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second intermediate adhesive layer provided in this application;

[0065] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the third intermediate adhesive layer provided in this application;

[0066] Figure 11 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the signal acquisition area of ​​a vehicle window glass provided in this application;

[0067] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for designing vehicle window glass, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings:

[0070] like Figure 1As shown, the vehicle 1000 may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), a sport / suburban utility vehicle (SUV), an off-road vehicle (ORV), a pickup truck, a van, a bus, a truck, etc.

[0071] The vehicle 1000 is equipped with a window glass 100, which has a signal acquisition area 101. The window glass 100 can be used as a windshield, a rear window, or a side window.

[0072] The vehicle 1000 is equipped with multiple optical sensors 200, which are used to emit and / or receive light signals with wavelengths in the range of 380nm to 1650nm or 8μm to 12μm. Examples of such sensors include visible light cameras (380nm to 780nm), near-infrared cameras (780nm to 1650nm), lidar (850nm, 905nm, 1550nm), and thermal imagers (8μm to 12μm). These sensors are used for image acquisition, ranging, and positioning, thereby enabling advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and even autonomous driving functions, improving vehicle safety and intelligence, and enhancing the user's driving experience.

[0073] The optical signal emitted and / or received by the optical sensor 200 passes through the signal acquisition area 101. In order to ensure that the optical sensor 200 can work normally and improve the detection accuracy, it is necessary to minimize the interference of the signal acquisition area 101 on the optical signal, such as increasing the transmittance of the optical signal, reducing or even eliminating the deviation of the secondary image.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the window assembly 1100 includes a window glass 100 and at least one optical sensor 200. The window glass 100 has an outer surface 102, an inner surface 103, a top surface 104, and a bottom surface 105. The outer surface 102 faces the outside of the vehicle 1000, the inner surface 103 faces the inside of the vehicle 1000, the top surface 104 is close to the roof when the window glass 100 is installed in the vehicle 1000, and the bottom surface 105 is close to the hood when the window glass 100 is installed in the vehicle 1000.

[0075] Specifically, the optical sensor 200 can be fixedly installed on the inner surface 103 of the vehicle window glass 100 by means of bracket, adsorption, adhesion, etc. The light signal 301 emitted or reflected by the target object 300 located outside the vehicle is received by the optical sensor 200 after passing through the signal acquisition area 101.

[0076] When the optical sensor 200 is a visible light camera, preferably the signal acquisition area 101 has a transmittance TL of at least 60% for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) More preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 65%, even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 70%, even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 75%, even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 80%, and even more preferably, it has a transmittance of at least 85%.

[0077] As the intelligence level of vehicles increases, the image resolution of visible light cameras is also increasing, such as 5-megapixel cameras and 8-megapixel cameras. To meet the requirements of high-resolution cameras, the transmittance TL of the signal acquisition area 101 for red light with a wavelength of 600nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle is also preferred. (600-700) The transmittance TL of the signal acquisition area 101 for visible light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 65°. (440-700) The ratio between them is greater than or equal to 0.8, i.e., TL (600-700) / TL (440-700) ≥0.8, specifically examples include 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, etc., with TL being more preferred. (600-700) / TL (440-700) ≥0.83, further optimization of TL (600-700) / TL (440-700) ≥0.85.

[0078] To further reduce glare interference from the external environment on the visible light camera, meet the image acquisition requirements in high glare scenarios, and improve the accuracy of image acquisition, it is preferable that the ratio of the transmittance Tp of P-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle to the transmittance Ts of S-polarized light with wavelengths of 440nm to 700nm incident at a 65° incident angle in the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 1.45, i.e., Tp / Ts≥1. 45, specifically examples include 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.65, 1.68, 1.70, 1.75, etc., more preferably Tp / Ts≥1.50, further preferably Tp / Ts≥1.55, even more preferably Tp / Ts≥1.60, and even more preferably Tp / Ts≥1.65.

[0079] When the optical sensor 200 is at least one of a near-infrared camera, a lidar, and a thermal imager, the signal acquisition area 101 preferably has a transmittance of at least 80% for light signals incident at an angle of 65°, more preferably at least 85% transmittance, and even more preferably at least 90% transmittance.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle window glass 100 has a main viewing area 106 and a circumferentially arranged side shielding area 107 surrounding the main viewing area 106. The visible light transmittance of the main viewing area 106 is greater than or equal to 70%, which is beneficial for occupants to observe the external environment through the main viewing area 106. The visible light transmittance of the side shielding area 107 is less than or equal to 1%, which is beneficial for shielding, protecting, and improving the overall aesthetics. Furthermore, in order to better install and shield the optical sensor 200, a T-shaped shielding area 108 is provided extending from the top surface 104 toward the main viewing area 106. A light-transmitting area 109 is provided within the T-shaped shielding area 108, and the signal acquisition area 101 is located within the light-transmitting area 109.

[0081] To reduce or even eliminate the influence of secondary image deviation on the optical sensor 200, this application provides that the signal acquisition area 101 has a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the vehicle window glass 100 is installed in the vehicle 1000. The optical sensor 200 is capable of receiving light signals 301 from the target object 300 passing through the signal acquisition area 101. The signal acquisition area 101 has a first wedge angle δ1, which satisfies:

[0082]

[0083] Wherein, t1 is the thickness of the window glass 100 in the signal acquisition area 101, R1 is the longitudinal radius of curvature of the window glass 100 in the signal acquisition area 101, n1 is the refractive index of the window glass 100, and D is the calibration acquisition distance of the optical sensor 200, where D = 5m to 160m. The angle between the line connecting the target object 300 located at the calibrated acquisition distance D and the optical sensor 200 and the normal of the signal acquisition area 101. It can be understood that the upper side of the signal acquisition area 101 is close to the top surface 104 of the vehicle window glass, and the lower side of the signal acquisition area 101 is close to the bottom surface 105 of the vehicle window glass.

[0084] In this application, secondary image deviation can be divided into vertical secondary image deviation and horizontal secondary image deviation. Vertical secondary image deviation is the component of the secondary image relative to the primary image along the vertical direction, and horizontal secondary image deviation is the component of the secondary image relative to the primary image along the horizontal direction. It is understood that, unless otherwise specified, the secondary image deviation described in this application refers to vertical secondary image deviation.

[0085] In existing technologies, when calculating the wedge angle required by the optical sensor 200 to reduce or even eliminate secondary image deviation, the distance between the optical sensor 200 and the target object 300 is set to infinity and can therefore be ignored. However, in practical applications, the distance between the optical sensor 200 and the target object 300 is not infinite, making the wedge angle obtained by traditional calculation methods unsuitable for high-resolution cameras. Compared to traditional calculation methods, this application considers the calibration acquisition distance D of different optical sensors 200 in practical applications, enabling the window glass 100 to be better adapted to the optical sensor 200. This allows the optical sensor 200 to receive the light signal 301 through the signal acquisition area 101 of the window glass 100 with minimal impact from secondary image deviation, further improving the accuracy of image data.

[0086] In this application, the vehicle window glass 100 can be a single piece of tempered glass, the thickness of which is 2.5mm to 6.0mm, and the single piece of tempered glass is formed through chemical tempering and / or physical tempering. The vehicle window glass 100 using single piece of tempered glass can be used as a rear window or side window.

[0087] In this application, the vehicle window glass 100 is preferably laminated glass. For example... Figure 4As shown, the vehicle window glass 100 includes an outer glass panel 10, an intermediate adhesive layer 20, and an inner glass panel 30. The outer glass panel 10 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 disposed opposite to each other. The inner glass panel 30 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32 disposed opposite to each other. The intermediate adhesive layer 20 is disposed between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31. The first surface 11 is the outer surface 102 of the vehicle window glass 100, and the fourth surface 32 is the inner surface 103 of the vehicle window glass 100. The vehicle window glass 100 using laminated glass can be used as a windshield, rear window, or side window. Preferably, the thickness of the outer glass plate is 1.6mm to 4mm, specifically 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.1mm, 2.5mm, 2.8mm, 3.0mm, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 3.8mm, 4.0mm, etc.; the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer is 0.38mm to 2.28mm, specifically 0.38mm, 0.76mm, 1.14mm, 1.52mm, 1.90mm, 2.28mm, etc.; and the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.7mm to 2.5mm, specifically 0.7mm, 1.1mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, etc.

[0088] For example, the material of the interlayer adhesive layer 20 is at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). If the interlayer adhesive layer 20 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%, for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. When the interlayer adhesive layer 20 is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the interlayer adhesive layer 20 is, but not limited to, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film may be a gray thermoplastic polymer film, a green thermoplastic polymer film, or a blue thermoplastic polymer film, etc.

[0089] exist Figure 4 In the middle, the edge shielding area 107 is provided with a first shielding layer 40. The material of the first shielding layer 40 is preferably at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink, and it can be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, or other methods. The thickness of the first shielding layer 40 is in the micrometer range, for example, 5 to 40 micrometers. The first shielding layer 40 can be located at the periphery of the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and / or the fourth surface 32.

[0090] exist Figure 4In the first light-transmitting area 109, a second shielding layer 50 is provided in the T-shaped shielding area 108, while no second shielding layer 50 is provided in the T-shaped shielding area 109. The material of the second shielding layer 50 is preferably at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, brown ultraviolet ink, black paint, black primer, and black polymer film. It can be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, adhesion, or other methods. The second shielding layer 50 can be located at the periphery of the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and / or the fourth surface 32. The material of the second shielding layer 50 can be the same as or different from the material of the first shielding layer 40.

[0091] like Figure 5 As shown, The angle between the light signal 301 entering the optical sensor 200 and the normal of the signal acquisition area 101 is defined as D. The calibration acquisition distance D of the optical sensor 200 is 5m to 160m, specifically 5m, 10m, 20m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 80m, 100m, 110m, 120m, 130m, 140m, 150m, 160m, etc. The calibration acquisition distance D of the optical sensor 200 can be determined based on the performance parameters of the optical sensor 200, its main application scenarios, etc., or input from the vehicle manufacturer. The first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 described in this application can make the main image of the target object 300 overlap with its secondary image as much as possible or even completely overlap, thereby reducing or even eliminating the deviation of the secondary image. The first wedge angle δ1 can be constant, such as 0.1mrad, 0.2mrad, 0.3mrad, 0.4mrad, 0.5mrad, 0.2mrad, 0.5mrad, 0.6mrad, 0.7mrad, 0.8mrad, 0.9mrad, 1.0mrad, 1.5mrad, 2.0mrad, etc.; the first wedge angle δ1 can also be variable. The variable first wedge angle δ1 can be variable in two segments from the lower side to the upper side (from 0.6mrad to 0.55mrad), three segments (from 0.6mrad to 0.55mrad and then to 0.5mrad), or four segments (from 0.6mrad to 0.55mrad, then to 0.50mrad and finally to 0.45mrad).

[0092] In some embodiments, the variable first wedge angle δ1 is continuously variable from the lower side to the upper side. The continuously variable wedge angle causes the thickness of the signal acquisition area 101 to change non-linearly. The continuously variable wedge angle can obtain image data without secondary image deviation with a larger field of view (FOV) and a larger image size. Preferably, the first wedge angle δ1 continuously and monotonically decreases from the lower side to the upper side. More preferably, the rate of change (ROC) of the first wedge angle δ1 is ≤0.2 mrad / 100 mm, or ≤0.15 mrad / 100 mm, or ≤0.1 mrad / 100 mm, or ≤0.05 mrad / 100 mm, etc. Specifically, when the ROC is 0.2 mrad / 100 mm, the maximum wedge angle difference of the first wedge angle δ1 within a distance of 100 mm is 0.2 mrad.

[0093] In this embodiment, the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the window glass in the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 500 mm. In some embodiments, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 is 500 mm ≤ R1 < 2000 mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.65 mrad ≤ δ1 ≤ 2.83 mrad; in other embodiments, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 is 2000 mm ≤ R1 ≤ 8000 mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.17 mrad ≤ δ1 ≤ 0.7 mrad; and in still other embodiments, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 is R1 > 8000 mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.1 mrad ≤ δ1 ≤ 0.35 mrad.

[0094] The longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area 101 varies monotonically, with the rate of change of the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 ranging from -10% to +10%, or from -5% to +5%. Specific examples include -10%, -8%, -5%, -4%, -3%, -2%, -1%, +0.5%, +1%, +2%, +3%, +4%, +5%, +8%, and +10%.

[0095] Specifically, the signal acquisition area 101 ensures that the sub-image deviation angle of the image data acquired by the optical sensor 200 is less than or equal to 5.0 arcmin, more preferably less than or equal to 3.0 arcmin, even more preferably less than or equal to 2.0 arcmin, and even less than or equal to 1.0 arcmin. The sub-image deviation angle is the angle between the sub-image light rays entering the optical sensor 200 and the main image light rays entering the optical sensor 200.

[0096] In some embodiments, each signal acquisition area 101 is used for one optical sensor 200 to acquire image data, that is, one signal acquisition area 101 corresponds to only one optical sensor 200, and the first wedge angle δ1 can be calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of the optical sensor 200.

[0097] In other embodiments, each signal acquisition area 101 is used for at least two optical sensors to acquire image data, that is, one signal acquisition area 101 corresponds to two or more optical sensors 200, and the first wedge angle δ1 can be calculated based on the calibration acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors 200.

[0098] In some embodiments, each signal acquisition area 101 is used for at least two optical sensors 200 to acquire image data, that is, one signal acquisition area 101 corresponds to two or more optical sensors 200. In this case, the first wedge angle δ1 can be calculated based on the calibration acquisition distance D of each optical sensor 200. It is not necessary to set multiple areas with different wedge angle values ​​in the signal acquisition area 101 for each optical sensor 200, which is convenient for the design and production of the car window glass 100.

[0099] Specifically, each signal acquisition area 101 is used by N optical sensors 200 to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 satisfies:

[0100]

[0101] Where x1, x2…x N To calculate the weights, δ 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N To determine the calibrated acquisition distance D based on the Nth optical sensor N The wedge angle value obtained by formula (1) is N≥2.

[0102] Specifically, if two or more optical sensors 200 need to acquire image data from a signal acquisition area 101, the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 is determined by weighted calculation. First, the wedge angle value δ corresponding to each optical sensor 200 is calculated using formula (1). 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N Due to the calibrated acquisition distance D of each optical sensor 200 N The wedge angle values ​​are different for each optical sensor 200, therefore the wedge angle values ​​corresponding to each sensor are also different. Then, each wedge angle value δ... 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N The final first wedge angle δ1 is obtained by weighted calculation using formula (2).

[0103] For example, the weights in this weighted calculation can be determined based on the calibration acquisition distance of the optical sensor. Typically, the first wedge angle δ1 is preferentially matched to the main camera. Assuming the calibration acquisition distance of the main camera is 50m, the optical sensor with a calibration acquisition distance closer to 50m will have a higher calculation weight. As another example, the weights in this weighted calculation can also be determined based on the information frequency of the image data acquired by different optical sensors. The information frequency can be obtained experimentally. For example, in real-world scenarios, the frequency of vehicles, pedestrians, or other obstacles appearing in the image data acquired by different optical sensors varies. The higher the frequency, the higher the calculation weight. It is understood that the weights in this weighted calculation can also be directly obtained from the manufacturer of the vehicle 1000.

[0104] This application takes the optical sensor 200 as an example of a visible light camera. One to four visible light cameras are usually installed on the car window glass 100 to collect image data of the driving environment in front of the vehicle, thereby realizing functions such as forward collision warning (FCW), lane departure warning (LDW), traffic sign recognition (TSR), and pedestrian collision warning (PCW).

[0105] The field of view (FOV) is the maximum range of the field of view when a visible light camera acquires image data, and can be divided into the horizontal field of view (HFOV) and the vertical field of view (VFOV). Specifically, the optical sensor 200 may include at least one of a narrow-angle camera, a standard camera, and a wide-angle camera.

[0106] The standard camera can be used as the main camera for ranging, object recognition, road marking, etc. The horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the standard camera is 40°≤HFOV≤90°, and the maximum detection distance of the standard camera is ≤150 meters. Considering the actual main application scenarios and functions, the calibration acquisition distance D is preferably 50m~100m. This can make the standard camera more compatible with the actual application scenarios and functions, and further improve the accuracy of image data acquisition.

[0107] The narrow-angle camera can be used for the identification of targets such as traffic lights and pedestrians. The horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the narrow-angle camera is <40°, and the calibration acquisition distance D = 100m to 160m. This allows the narrow-angle camera to better match actual application scenarios and functions, while also further improving the accuracy of image data acquisition. The maximum detection distance of the narrow-angle camera is ≤300 meters. Considering that the change in the secondary image deviation angle tends to be gradual beyond a detection distance of 160 meters (i.e., the change in the secondary image deviation angle is very small or even essentially unchanged), this application sets the calibration acquisition distance D = 160m for applications requiring a maximum detection distance greater than 160 meters.

[0108] The wide-angle camera can be used to identify objects at close range and can be used in scenarios such as urban road conditions and low-speed driving. The horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the wide-angle camera is greater than 90°, and the maximum detection distance of the wide-angle camera is ≤80 meters. Considering the actual main application scenarios and functions, the calibration acquisition distance D is preferably 10m to 50m. This can make the wide-angle camera more compatible with the actual application scenarios and functions, and can also further improve the accuracy of image data acquisition.

[0109] In this application, when the optical sensor 200 includes a standard camera and at least one of a narrow-angle camera and a wide-angle camera, considering that the standard camera is the main camera and the narrow-angle camera and wide-angle camera can assist or supplement the use of the standard camera, the calibration acquisition distance D is preferably 50m to 100m.

[0110] In some embodiments, to better meet the needs of high-definition image acquisition, it is preferable that at least one of the narrow-angle camera, the standard camera, and the wide-angle camera is a visible light camera with a pixel count greater than or equal to 5 million, such as a 5-megapixel camera, an 8-megapixel camera, a 12-megapixel camera, a 20-megapixel camera, a 50-megapixel camera, a 100-megapixel camera, a 200-megapixel camera, etc., and the modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the visible light camera at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency is greater than or equal to 0.6.

[0111] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the vehicle window glass 100 also includes at least one head-up display area 110, 111, each head-up display area 110, 111 being used to reflect the projection light 401 emitted by the projection light source 400 to form a head-up display image 500.

[0112] Specifically, the head-up display image 500 can be directly observed by the driver 600 in the vehicle 1000, allowing the driver 600 to grasp various data of the vehicle 1000 without looking down, thereby significantly improving driving safety. The head-up display image 500 can include driving speed, remaining battery / fuel level, time, temperature, dynamic navigation, road safety warnings, business district information, etc., and can be displayed at close range, such as a W-HUD (windshield-HUD) with a projection distance of less than 5 meters, or at a long distance, such as an AR-HUD (Augmented Reality-Head-Up Display) with a projection distance of more than 7 meters.

[0113] exist Figure 3In this configuration, some head-up display areas 110 are located within the main viewing area 106, enabling W-HUD and / or AR-HUD. However, this is not the only exception; other head-up display areas 111 are located within the edge-masking area 107. Specifically, the head-up display areas 111 are located within the edge-masking area 107 below the main viewing area 106, achieving black-border display. By using the first masking layer 40 as the display background of the head-up display image 500, ambient light can be better blocked, avoiding unnecessary interference to the view, thereby making the image display clearer and achieving higher contrast and color gamut.

[0114] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the projected light 401 includes at least 80% P-polarized light and at most 20% S-polarized light. The head-up display areas 110 and 111 have a rectangular shape in which the thickness of the upper side is equal to the thickness of the lower side when the vehicle window glass 100 is installed in the vehicle 1000. The head-up display areas 110 and 111 are provided with a P-polarized light reflective film 60 or a holographic film 70. The head-up display areas 110 and 111 have a reflectivity of at least 10% for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 65°, preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 20%, and even at least 30%.

[0115] As can be seen, by using the P-polarized light reflective film 60 or the holographic film 70 to reflect and image the P-polarized light in the projection beam 401, a head-up display can be achieved. This allows the head-up display areas 110 and 111 to maintain a rectangular shape of equal thickness, reducing the design complexity of the vehicle window glass 100 and meeting the usage needs of drivers wearing sunglasses in conjunction with the P-polarized light projection. Preferably, the projection beam 401 includes at least 90% P-polarized light and at most 10% S-polarized light; more preferably, the projection beam 401 includes at least 95% P-polarized light and at most 5% S-polarized light, or even 100% P-polarized light.

[0116] exist Figure 6In this configuration, the P-polarized light reflective film 60 is located on the fourth surface 32 and covers the head-up display areas 110 and 111. When the projection light 401 is incident on the head-up display areas 110 and 111, the P-polarized light reflective film 60 reflects and images the P-polarized light in the projection light 401. It is understood that the P-polarized light reflective film 60 can also be located on the second surface 12, or on the third surface 31, or between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31. The P-polarized light reflective film can be a high-low refractive index stack or a metal stack. The high-low refractive index stack can be deposited on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, or the fourth surface 32 by magnetron sputtering. The high-low refractive index stack includes a stacked structure of at least one high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer. The refractive index of the high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 1.8, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is less than or equal to 1.7. The metal stack can be deposited on the second surface 12 or the third surface 31 by magnetron sputtering. The metal stack includes at least one metal layer and at least two dielectric layers. The metal layer is preferably a silver layer or an aluminum layer. The P-polarized light reflective film 60 can also be a polymer multilayer film composed of two or more polymers with different refractive indices. The number of layers in the polymer multilayer film can be tens, hundreds, or even thousands of layers, such as laminated PET. The thickness of the laminated PET is preferably more than 25 μm and less than 200 μm.

[0117] exist Figure 7 In this configuration, the holographic film 70 is located between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31. More specifically, the P-polarized light reflective film 60 or the holographic film 70 located between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 is located within the intermediate adhesive layer 20, for example, the intermediate adhesive layer 20 comprises two layers of PVB, with the P-polarized light reflective film 60 or the holographic film 70 sandwiched between the two PVB layers.

[0118] In this application, the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 can be provided by at least one of the outer glass plate 10, the intermediate adhesive layer 20, and the inner glass plate 30. That is, the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 is equal to the wedge angle of the outer glass plate 10 or the inner glass plate 30 in the signal acquisition area 101, or equal to the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the signal acquisition area 101, or equal to the sum of the wedge angle of the outer glass plate 10 in the signal acquisition area 101 and the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the signal acquisition area 101. It can also be equal to the sum of the wedge angle of the outer glass plate 10 in the signal acquisition area 101, the wedge angle of the inner glass plate 30 in the signal acquisition area 101, and the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the signal acquisition area 101. For ease of design and production, it is preferable that the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 is equal to the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the signal acquisition area 101, that is, the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 is provided only by the intermediate adhesive layer 20, at which time the wedge angles of the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30 are both equal to 0.

[0119] like Figure 8 As shown, the intermediate adhesive layer 20 has a first wedge angle δ1 in the signal acquisition area 101 and a wedge angle of 0 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111. Based on reducing or even eliminating the deviation of the secondary image, it combines with the P-polarized light reflective film 60 or the holographic film 70 to achieve head-up display.

[0120] like Figure 9 As shown, the intermediate adhesive layer 20 has a first wedge angle δ1 in the signal acquisition area 101 and also has a first wedge angle δ1 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111. The intermediate adhesive layer 20 with the same wedge angle can be manufactured more conveniently and is conducive to reducing costs. Based on reducing or even eliminating the deviation of the secondary image, it can be combined with the P-polarized light reflective film 60 or the holographic film 70 to realize the head-up display. It can also reduce or even eliminate the perspective secondary image of the head-up display area 110 and even improve the display quality of the head-up display area 110.

[0121] In other embodiments, the projected light 401 comprises at least 50% S-polarized light and at most 50% P-polarized light, and the head-up display areas 110, 111 have a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the window glass 100 is mounted on the vehicle 1000, such as... Figure 10 As shown, at least one head-up display area 110, 111 has a second wedge angle δ2, δ2 = 0.1 mrad to 0.8 mrad.

[0122] The second wedge angle δ2 of the head-up display areas 110 and 111 described in this application can make the reflected primary image and the reflected secondary image of the head-up display image 500 overlap as much as possible or even completely overlap, thereby reducing or even eliminating ghosting (also called ghosting). The second wedge angle δ2 is constant or variable. The second wedge angle δ2 can be constant, such as 0.1 mrad, 0.2 mrad, 0.3 mrad, 0.4 mrad, 0.5 mrad, 0.2 mrad, 0.5 mrad, 0.6 mrad, 0.7 mrad, 0.8 mrad, etc.; the second wedge angle δ2 can also be variable, and the variable second wedge angle δ2 can be variable in two segments from the lower side to the upper side (for example, from 0.6 mrad to 0.55 mrad), three segments (for example, from 0.5 mrad to 0.45 mrad and then to 0.4 mrad), or four segments (for example, from 0.6 mrad to 0.55 mrad, then to 0.50 mrad and finally to 0.45 mrad).

[0123] In other embodiments, the variable second wedge angle δ2 is continuously variable from the lower side to the upper side. This continuously variable wedge angle causes a non-linear change in the thickness of the head-up display areas 110 and 111. This continuously variable wedge angle can obtain a larger field of view (FOV) and a larger image size without ghosting in the head-up display image 500, thus better realizing AR-HUD. Preferably, the second wedge angle δ2 continuously and monotonically decreases from the lower side to the upper side. More preferably, the rate of change (ROC) of the second wedge angle δ2 is ≤0.2 mrad / 100 mm, or ≤0.15 mrad / 100 mm, or ≤0.1 mrad / 100 mm, or ≤0.05 mrad / 100 mm, etc. Specifically, when the ROC is 0.2 mrad / 100 mm, the maximum wedge angle difference of the second wedge angle δ2 within a 100 mm distance is 0.2 mrad.

[0124] In this application, the second wedge angle δ2 can be provided by at least one of the outer glass plate 10, the intermediate adhesive layer 20, and the inner glass plate 30. That is, the second wedge angle δ2 is equal to the wedge angle of the outer glass plate 10 or the inner glass plate 30 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111, or equal to the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111, or equal to the sum of the wedge angles of the outer glass plate 10 and the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111, or equal to the sum of the wedge angles of the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111, and the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111. From the perspective of design and manufacturing convenience, it is preferable that the second wedge angle δ2 of the head-up display areas 110, 111 is equal to the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 20 in the head-up display areas 110, 111, that is, the second wedge angle δ2 is provided only by the intermediate adhesive layer 20, and at this time the wedge angles of the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30 are both equal to 0.

[0125] exist Figure 10In this configuration, the intermediate adhesive layer 20 has a first wedge angle δ1 in the signal acquisition area 101 and a second wedge angle δ2 in the head-up display areas 110 and 111. In some embodiments, the first wedge angle δ1 is greater than the second wedge angle δ2, where δ1 = 0.2 mrad to 0.5 mrad and δ2 = 0.15 mrad to 0.4 mrad. For ease of design and manufacturing, the difference between the first wedge angle δ1 and the second wedge angle δ2, δ1 - δ2 ≤ 0.1 mrad or δ1 - δ2 ≤ 0.08 mrad, is preferred. In other embodiments, the first wedge angle δ1 is less than the second wedge angle δ2, where δ1 = 0.2 mrad to 0.5 mrad and δ2 = 0.4 mrad to 0.8 mrad. To achieve the optimal effect of reducing or even eliminating secondary image deviation and reflection ghosting, the preferred values ​​are the difference between the first wedge angle δ1 and the second wedge angle δ2, which is δ2-δ1≥0.2mrad, δ2-δ1≥0.3mrad, or δ2-δ1≥0.4mrad.

[0126] exist Figure 10 In this process, a wedge-angle transition zone 120 is provided between the signal acquisition area 101 and the head-up display area 110. This helps to increase the longitudinal distance between the signal acquisition area 101 and the head-up display area 110, thereby increasing the transition gap and facilitating quality control during the production process. The wedge angle change rate of the wedge-angle transition zone 120 is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.2mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.1mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.05mrad / 100mm.

[0127] In this application, the vehicle window glass 100 also includes at least one of the following: an anti-fingerprint film, an anti-reflective film, a heat insulation film, an electric heating film, an anti-ultraviolet film, and an anti-fog film. To avoid interference from the heat insulation film and the electric heating film to the optical sensor 200, the heat insulation film and the electric heating film are positioned away from the signal acquisition area 101.

[0128] Specifically, the anti-fingerprint film is disposed on the fourth surface 32 and at least covers the head-up display areas 110 and 111, thereby ensuring that the head-up display areas 110 and 111 can achieve a higher quality head-up display. The heat insulation film can be disposed on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, the fourth surface 32, or the intermediate adhesive layer 20. The heat insulation film is one or more of the following: single-silver heat insulation film, double-silver heat insulation film, triple-silver heat insulation film, quadruple-silver heat insulation film, TCO heat insulation film, heat-insulating / heat-absorbing PVB, and heat insulation films based on metallic or non-metallic materials such as NiCr and TiN. Among these, single-silver heat insulation film, double-silver heat insulation film, triple-silver heat insulation film, and quadruple-silver heat insulation film refer to transparent nano-heat insulation films having one, two, three, and four silver layers, respectively. In addition to the silver layers, the transparent nano-heat insulation film also includes at least two dielectric layers. TCO heat insulation film refers to a transparent nano-heat insulation film containing at least one ITO layer or FTO layer. Heat insulation films can improve thermal comfort inside vehicles. Single-silver, double-silver, triple-silver, and quadruple-silver heat insulation films can be directly applied to the second surface 12, third surface 31, or fourth surface 32 via magnetron sputtering deposition, or they can be applied within the intermediate adhesive layer 20. Electric heating films can be applied to the second surface 12, third surface 31, fourth surface 32, or intermediate adhesive layer 20. These electric heating films can be any of the single-silver, double-silver, triple-silver, quadruple-silver, five-silver, or TCO electric heating films. Through at least two additional busbars, the current from the power supply is input into the electric heating film, causing it to heat up and thus heat the window glass 100 to achieve defrosting, defogging, and even de-icing and snow removal functions, further improving driving safety. Among them, single-silver electric heating film, double-silver electric heating film, triple-silver electric heating film, quadruple-silver electric heating film, and penta-silver electric heating film refer to transparent nano-conductive films with one, two, three, four, and five silver layers, respectively. In addition to the silver layers, the transparent nano-conductive films also contain at least two dielectric layers. TCO electric heating film refers to a transparent nano-conductive film containing at least one ITO or FTO layer. A heat-insulating / heat-absorbing PVB and an anti-ultraviolet film are disposed between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31. The heat-insulating / heat-absorbing PVB and the anti-ultraviolet film are obtained by adding infrared-reflecting components, infrared-absorbing components, and / or ultraviolet-absorbing components to standard PVB.

[0129] like Figure 11As shown, an anti-reflective film or anti-fog film 80 is provided within the signal acquisition area 101. The anti-reflective film 80 is used to reduce the interference of reflections in the signal acquisition area 101 on the optical sensor 200, and the anti-fog film 80 is used to mitigate or prevent fogging in the signal acquisition area 101, thereby improving the accuracy of the image data acquired by the optical sensor 200. Preferably, the anti-reflective film or anti-fog film 80 also covers the head-up display areas 110 and 111. The anti-reflective film 80 is used to reduce reflections on the dashboard, and the anti-fog film 80 is used to mitigate or prevent fogging in the head-up display areas 110 and 111, thereby improving driving safety.

[0130] This application also provides a design method for a vehicle window glass 100, which can be designed according to the design method of this application. Figure 12 As shown, the design method for a vehicle window glass provided in this application includes:

[0131] S801: Acquire the first data of the vehicle window glass, including the location of the signal acquisition area of ​​the vehicle window glass, the thickness t1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area, the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area, and the refractive index n1 of the vehicle window glass.

[0132] Specifically, the design method of the vehicle window glass 100 in this application is executed by a server. The first data can be directly input by the user's instructions or stored in advance in the server's local storage, and the server directly retrieves the first data from the local storage. The first data includes the location of the signal acquisition area of ​​the vehicle window glass 100, the thickness t1 of the vehicle window glass 100 in the signal acquisition area 101, the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle window glass 100 in the signal acquisition area 101, and the refractive index n1 of the vehicle window glass 100.

[0133] In some embodiments, the signal acquisition area 101 can be divided into multiple grids according to the field of view (FOV), and the first data of different grids can be acquired respectively. Then, average calculation or weighted calculation is performed, which is beneficial to more accurately calculate the first wedge angle.

[0134] S802: Obtain second data from the optical sensors. The second data includes the number of optical sensors 200, the position of the optical sensors 200, the calibration acquisition distance D of the optical sensors 200, and the angle between the line connecting the target object 300 located at the calibration acquisition distance D and the optical sensor 200 and the normal of the signal acquisition area 101.

[0135] S803: Calculate the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 based on the first data and the second data, where D = 5 meters - 160 meters.

[0136] Specifically, the first wedge angle of the signal acquisition area 101 is calculated according to formula (1) based on the first data and the second data:

[0137]

[0138] Where t1 is the thickness of the window glass 100 in the signal acquisition area 101, R1 is the longitudinal radius of curvature of the window glass 100 in the signal acquisition area 101, and n1 is the refractive index of the window glass 100. t1, R1, and n1 are from the first data. Let be the angle between the line connecting the target object at the calibrated acquisition distance and the optical sensor, and the normal to the signal acquisition area; D is the calibrated acquisition distance of the optical sensor 200. D comes from the second data.

[0139] In one possible embodiment, the number of optical sensors 200 is one or at least two, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibration acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors 200.

[0140] In some embodiments, each signal acquisition area 101 is used for one optical sensor 200 to acquire image data, that is, one signal acquisition area 101 corresponds to only one optical sensor 200, and the first wedge angle δ1 can be calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of the optical sensor 200.

[0141] In other embodiments, each signal acquisition area 101 is used for at least two optical sensors to acquire image data, that is, one signal acquisition area 101 corresponds to two or more optical sensors 200, and the first wedge angle δ1 can be calculated based on the calibration acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors 200.

[0142] In some embodiments, each signal acquisition area 101 is used for at least two optical sensors 200 to acquire image data, that is, one signal acquisition area 101 corresponds to two or more optical sensors 200. In this case, the first wedge angle δ1 can be calculated based on the calibration acquisition distance D of each optical sensor 200. It is not necessary to set multiple areas with different wedge angle values ​​in the signal acquisition area 101 for each optical sensor 200, which is convenient for the design and production of the car window glass 100.

[0143] Specifically, each signal acquisition area 101 is used by N optical sensors 200 to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 satisfies:

[0144]

[0145] Where x1, x2…x N To calculate the weights, δ 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N To determine the calibrated acquisition distance D based on the Nth optical sensor NThe wedge angle value obtained by formula (1) is N≥2.

[0146] Specifically, if two or more optical sensors 200 need to acquire image data from a signal acquisition area 101, the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area 101 is determined by weighted calculation. First, the wedge angle value δ corresponding to each optical sensor 200 is calculated using formula (1). 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N Due to the calibrated acquisition distance D of each optical sensor 200 N The wedge angle values ​​are different for each optical sensor 200, therefore the wedge angle values ​​corresponding to each sensor are also different. Then, each wedge angle value δ... 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N The final first wedge angle δ1 is obtained by weighted calculation using formula (2).

[0147] For example, the weights in this weighted calculation can be determined based on the calibration acquisition distance of the optical sensor. Typically, the first wedge angle δ1 is preferentially matched to the main camera. Assuming the calibration acquisition distance of the main camera is 50m, the optical sensor with a calibration acquisition distance closer to 50m will have a higher calculation weight. As another example, the weights in this weighted calculation can also be determined based on the information frequency of the image data acquired by different optical sensors. The information frequency can be obtained experimentally. For example, in real-world scenarios, the frequency of vehicles, pedestrians, or other obstacles appearing in the image data acquired by different optical sensors varies. The higher the frequency, the higher the calculation weight. It is understood that the weights in this weighted calculation can also be directly obtained from the manufacturer of the vehicle 1000.

[0148] Example 1-240

[0149] This application uses 2.1 mm thick transparent glass as the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 30, and 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB as the intermediate adhesive layer 20. The refractive index of the window glass 100 is 1.52. The window glass 100 of Examples 1-240 is prepared according to the automotive glass manufacturing process.

[0150] The car window glass 100 has a first wedge angle δ1 in the signal acquisition area 101. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 are calculated according to the simulation software, formula (1) and formula (3) respectively. The deviation of the actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle from the simulated wedge angle is verified, so as to compare the degree of suppression of the secondary image deviation by the actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle.

[0151] Among them, the included angle A target object 300 is set at a calibrated acquisition distance D. Then, a line is connected between the target object 300 and the optical sensor 200, and this line intersects with the signal acquisition area 101. A normal to the signal acquisition area 101 is drawn through this intersection point. The angle between the line and the normal is measured. (The angle in Examples 1-240 is mentioned.)

[0152] Simulated wedge angle: Based on the calibration acquisition distance of the actual application scenario, the simulated wedge angle δ1 that can completely eliminate the deviation of the secondary image is calculated using simulation software such as ANSYS, ZEMAX or CATIA.

[0153] In simulation software, the relationship between the thickness of a certain position on the target surface (such as the outer surface of the window glass 100) and the reference surface (such as the inner surface of the window glass 100) and the distance from that position to the bottom surface 105 of the window glass 100 is established. This is the first wedge angle δ1. The first wedge angle δ1 can be constant or variable. The first wedge angle δ1 is a variable; its increase or decrease can change the magnitude of the secondary image deviation angle. Under a certain given state, there will be a unique simulation wedge angle that makes the secondary image deviation angle equal to 0, that is, the simulation wedge angle that completely eliminates the secondary image deviation.

[0154] Actual wedge angle: The actual wedge angle of the first wedge is calculated according to the formula (1) of this application based on the calibration acquisition distance of the actual application scenario;

[0155]

[0156] Traditional wedge angle: According to the traditional calculation method, the distance between the visible light camera and the object being photographed is set to infinity, and the traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle is calculated according to the formula (3) of the existing technology.

[0157]

[0158] Traditional wedge angle deviation: |Simulated wedge angle - Traditional wedge angle| / Simulated wedge angle * 100%;

[0159] Actual wedge angle deviation: |Simulated wedge angle - Actual wedge angle| / Simulated wedge angle * 100%.

[0160] Examples 1-20

[0161] The optical sensor 200 is calibrated to acquire distance D = 20 meters. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different longitudinal curvature radii R of the signal acquisition area 101 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 1.

[0162] Table 1: Calculation results of Examples 1-20

[0163]

[0164] In embodiments 1-20, compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the window glass 100 more conducive to the optical sensor acquiring image data of the target object at 20m, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 500mm, or more preferably greater than or equal to 1000mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1500mm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 2000mm. Considering the difficulty of overall shape design and manufacturing process, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is preferably 3000mm-12000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.15mrad-0.5mrad.

[0165] The actual wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than 4%, or ≤2%, or ≤1.5%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%, or ≤0.1%.

[0166] In some embodiments, the window glass 100 is a panoramic windshield that extends to the top of the driver's head, or even to the sunroof area. The signal acquisition area 101 may be located in a curved transition area. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 500mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.5mrad-2.83mrad. More preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.5mrad-1.5mrad. Even more preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm-2500mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.55mrad-0.95mrad.

[0167] In other embodiments, when the window glass 100 is used as a windshield, the window glass 100 is generally close to a flat shape, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than 12000mm, or even greater than or equal to 15000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.1mrad-0.15mrad.

[0168] Examples 21-40

[0169] The optical sensor 200 is calibrated to acquire distance D = 30 meters. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different longitudinal curvature radii R of the signal acquisition area 101 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 2.

[0170] Table 2: Calculation results of Examples 21-40

[0171]

[0172] In embodiments 21-40, compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the window glass 100 more conducive to the optical sensor acquiring image data of the target object at 30m, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 500mm, or more preferably greater than or equal to 1000mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1500mm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 2000mm. Considering the difficulty of overall shape design and manufacturing process, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is preferably 3000mm-12000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.13mrad-0.5mrad.

[0173] The actual wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than 4%, or ≤2%, or ≤1.5%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%, or ≤0.1%.

[0174] In some embodiments, the window glass 100 is a panoramic windshield that extends to the top of the driver's head, or even to the sunroof area. The signal acquisition area 101 may be located in a curved transition area. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 500mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.5mrad-2.82mrad. More preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.5mrad-1.5mrad. Even more preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm-2500mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.55mrad-0.95mrad.

[0175] In other embodiments, when the window glass 100 is used as a windshield, the window glass 100 is generally close to a flat shape, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than 12000mm, or even greater than or equal to 15000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.1mrad-0.15mrad.

[0176] Examples 41-60

[0177] The optical sensor 200 is calibrated to acquire data at a distance D = 50 meters. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle, and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different longitudinal curvature radii R of the signal acquisition area 101 are calculated, and the calculation results are included in Table 3.

[0178] Table 3: Calculation results of Examples 41-60

[0179]

[0180] In embodiments 41-60, compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the window glass 100 more conducive to the optical sensor acquiring image data of the target object at 50m, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 500mm, or more preferably greater than or equal to 1000mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1500mm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 2000mm. Considering the overall shape design and manufacturing process difficulty, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is preferably 3000mm-12000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.12mrad-0.48mrad.

[0181] The actual wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than 4%, or ≤2%, or ≤1.5%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%, or ≤0.1%.

[0182] In some embodiments, the window glass 100 is a panoramic windshield that extends to the top of the driver's head, or even to the sunroof area. The signal acquisition area 101 may be located in a curved transition area. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 500mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.48mrad-2.81mrad. More preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.48mrad-1.5mrad. Even more preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm-2500mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.55mrad-0.95mrad.

[0183] In other embodiments, when the window glass 100 is used as a windshield, the window glass 100 is generally close to a flat shape, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than 12000mm, or even greater than or equal to 15000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.1mrad-0.15mrad.

[0184] Examples 61-80

[0185] The optical sensor 200 is calibrated to acquire data at a distance D = 80 meters. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle, and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different longitudinal curvature radii R of the signal acquisition area 101 are calculated, and the calculation results are included in Table 4.

[0186] Table 4: Calculation results of Examples 61-80

[0187]

[0188] In embodiments 61-80, compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the window glass 100 more conducive to the optical sensor acquiring image data of the target object at 80m, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 500mm, or more preferably greater than or equal to 1000mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1500mm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 2000mm. Considering the difficulty of overall shape design and manufacturing process, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is preferably 3000mm-12000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.11mrad-0.48mrad.

[0189] The actual wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than 4%, or ≤2%, or ≤1.5%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%, or ≤0.2%.

[0190] In some embodiments, the window glass 100 is a panoramic windshield that extends to the top of the driver's head, or even to the sunroof area. The signal acquisition area 101 may be located in a curved transition area. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 500mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.48mrad-2.81mrad. More preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.48mrad-1.5mrad. Even more preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm-2500mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.55mrad-0.9mrad.

[0191] In other embodiments, when the window glass 100 is used as a windshield, the window glass 100 is generally close to a flat shape, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than 12000mm, or even greater than or equal to 15000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.1mrad-0.15mrad.

[0192] Examples 81-100

[0193] The calibration acquisition distance of the optical sensor 200 is D = 120 meters. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different longitudinal curvature radii R of the signal acquisition area 101 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 5.

[0194] Table 5: Calculation results of Examples 81-100

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] In embodiments 81-100, compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the window glass 100 more conducive to the optical sensor acquiring image data of the target object at 120m, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than or equal to 500mm, or more preferably greater than or equal to 1000mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1500mm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 2000mm. Considering the difficulty of overall shape design and manufacturing process, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is preferably 3000mm-12000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.1mrad-0.48mrad.

[0198] The actual wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than 4%, or ≤2%, or ≤1.5%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%, or ≤0.2%.

[0199] In some embodiments, the window glass 100 is a panoramic windshield that extends to the top of the driver's head, or even to the sunroof area. The signal acquisition area 101 may be located in a curved transition area. Preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 500mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.48mrad-2.8mrad. More preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm-3000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.48mrad-1.5mrad. Even more preferably, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm-2500mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.55mrad-0.9mrad.

[0200] In other embodiments, when the window glass 100 is used as a windshield, the window glass 100 is generally close to a flat shape, the longitudinal radius of curvature of the signal acquisition area 101 is greater than 12000mm, or even greater than or equal to 15000mm, and the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.09mrad-0.15mrad.

[0201] Examples 101-120

[0202] The longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibration acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated, and the calculation results are included in Table 6.

[0203] Table 6: Calculation results of Examples 101-120

[0204]

[0205]

[0206] In embodiments 101-120, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the conventional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the conventional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the conventional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1000mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 1.40mrad-1.55mrad.

[0207] The actual wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 1.5%, or ≤1%.

[0208] Examples 121-140

[0209] The longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibrated acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 7.

[0210] Table 7: Calculation results of Examples 121-140

[0211]

[0212]

[0213] In embodiments 121-140, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the traditional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the traditional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 1500mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.93mrad-1.1mrad.

[0214] The actual wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 1.2%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.75%.

[0215] Examples 141-160

[0216] The longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 2000mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibrated acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 8.

[0217] Table 8: Calculation results of Examples 141-160

[0218]

[0219]

[0220] In embodiments 140-160, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the traditional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the traditional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 2000 mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.70 mrad-0.84 mrad.

[0221] The actual wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 0.75%, or ≤0.5%, or ≤0.1%.

[0222] Examples 161-180

[0223] The longitudinal curvature radius R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 3000mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibration acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated, and the calculation results are included in Table 9.

[0224] Table 9: Calculation results of Examples 161-180

[0225]

[0226] In embodiments 161-180, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the traditional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the traditional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 3000mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.47mrad-0.65mrad.

[0227] The actual wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 0.5%, or ≤0.25%, or ≤0.1%.

[0228] Examples 181-200

[0229] The longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 5000mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibration acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 10.

[0230] Table 10: Calculation results of Examples 181-200

[0231]

[0232] In embodiments 181-200, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the traditional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the traditional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the traditional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 5000mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.28mrad-0.45mrad.

[0233] The actual wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 1%, or ≤0.75%, or ≤0.5%.

[0234] Examples 201-220

[0235] The longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 8000mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibration acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated, and the calculation results are included in Table 11.

[0236] Table 11: Calculation results of Examples 201-220

[0237]

[0238] In embodiments 201-220, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the conventional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the conventional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the conventional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 8000mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.18mrad-0.35mrad.

[0239] The actual wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 1.5%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%.

[0240] Examples 221-240

[0241] The longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 12000mm. The simulated wedge angle, actual wedge angle and traditional wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 corresponding to different calibration acquisition distances D of the optical sensor 200 are calculated and the calculation results are included in Table 12.

[0242] Table 12: Calculation results of Examples 221-240

[0243]

[0244] In embodiments 221-240, since the longitudinal radius of curvature R remains constant, the conventional wedge angle also remains constant, but the calibration acquisition distance D is different. Therefore, the conventional wedge angle obtained by the conventional calculation method cannot meet the actual usage requirements of the high-resolution camera. Compared with the conventional wedge angle, the actual wedge angle is closer to the simulated wedge angle, making the signal acquisition area 101 of the car window glass 100 more conducive to optical sensors at different calibration acquisition distances to acquire image data, reducing the interference of secondary image deviation on image data, and improving the working accuracy of the optical sensor 200. Preferably, when the longitudinal radius of curvature R of the signal acquisition area 101 is 12000mm, the first wedge angle δ1 is 0.12mrad-0.26mrad.

[0245] The actual wedge angle of the first wedge angle δ1 calculated according to the calculation formula (1) of this application can significantly reduce the actual wedge angle deviation, making it much smaller than the traditional wedge angle deviation. Preferably, the actual wedge angle deviation is less than or equal to 2%, or ≤1%, or ≤0.5%.

[0246] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the embodiments of this application, elucidating and explaining the principles and implementation methods of this application. These descriptions are merely for the purpose of aiding understanding the method and core ideas of this application. However, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from its spirit and scope. These modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A type of vehicle window glass, characterized in that, The window glass is used in the vehicle, and at least one optical sensor is installed inside the vehicle. The vehicle window glass includes at least one signal acquisition area, which has a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the vehicle window glass is installed in a vehicle. The optical sensor is capable of receiving light signals from a target object passing through the signal acquisition area. The at least one signal acquisition area has a first wedge angle δ1, which satisfies the following: Where t1 is the thickness of the window glass in the signal acquisition area, R1 is the longitudinal radius of curvature of the window glass in the signal acquisition area, n1 is the refractive index of the window glass, and D is the calibration acquisition distance of the optical sensor, D = 5m to 160m. The angle between the target object located at the calibrated acquisition distance and the line connecting it to the optical sensor, and the normal to the signal acquisition area.

2. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass includes an outer glass panel, an intermediate adhesive layer, and an inner glass panel. The outer glass panel has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The inner glass panel has a third surface and a fourth surface arranged opposite to each other. The intermediate adhesive layer is disposed between the second surface and the third surface. The thickness of the outer glass panel is 1.6 mm to 4 mm, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass panel is 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm.

3. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first wedge angle δ1 is constant or decreases continuously and monotonically from the lower side to the upper side.

4. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When R1 is 500mm≤R1<2000mm, δ1 is 0.65mrad≤δ1≤2.83mrad; Or, when R1 is 2000mm≤R1≤8000mm, δ1 is 0.17mrad≤δ1≤0.7mrad; Or, when R1 is greater than 8000 mm, δ1 is 0.1 mrad ≤ δ1 ≤ 0.35 mrad.

5. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area changes monotonically, and the rate of change of the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 is -10% to +10%, or -5% to +5%.

6. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition area ensures that the sub-image deviation angle of the image data acquired by the optical sensor is less than or equal to 5.0 arcmin.

7. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each signal acquisition area is used by an optical sensor to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of the optical sensor.

8. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each signal acquisition area is used for at least two optical sensors to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibrated acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors.

9. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each signal acquisition area is used by N optical sensors to acquire image data, and the first wedge angle δ1 satisfies: Where x1, x2…x N To calculate the weights, δ 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N To determine the calibrated acquisition distance D based on the Nth optical sensor N The calculated wedge angle value is N≥2.

10. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also includes at least one head-up display area, each head-up display area being used to reflect the projected light emitted by the projection light source to form a head-up display image.

11. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The projected light includes at least 80% P-polarized light and at most 20% S-polarized light. The head-up display area has a rectangular shape in which the thickness of the upper side is equal to the thickness of the lower side when the window glass is installed in the vehicle. The head-up display area is provided with a P-polarized light reflective film or a holographic film. The head-up display area has a reflectivity of at least 10% for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 65°.

12. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The projected light includes at least 50% S-polarized light and at most 50% P-polarized light, the head-up display area has a wedge shape in which the upper side thickness is greater than the lower side thickness when the window glass is installed in the vehicle, and at least one head-up display area has a second wedge angle δ2, δ2 = 0.1 mrad to 0.8 mrad.

13. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The second wedge angle δ2 is constant or continuously variable.

14. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The first wedge angle δ1 is greater than the second wedge angle δ2, where δ1 = 0.2 mrad to 0.5 mrad and δ2 = 0.15 mrad to 0.4 mrad.

15. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The difference between the first wedge angle δ1 and the second wedge angle δ2 is δ1-δ2≤0.1mrad or δ1-δ2≤0.08mrad.

16. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The first wedge angle δ1 is smaller than the second wedge angle δ2, where δ1 = 0.2 mrad to 0.5 mrad and δ2 = 0.4 mrad to 0.8 mrad.

17. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The difference between the first wedge angle δ1 and the second wedge angle δ2 is δ2-δ1≥0.2mrad, or δ2-δ1≥0.3mrad, or δ2-δ1≥0.4mrad.

18. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 12, characterized in that, A wedge transition zone is provided between the signal acquisition area and the head-up display area. The wedge angle change rate of the wedge transition zone is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.2mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.1mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.05mrad / 100mm.

19. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also includes at least one of an anti-fingerprint film, a heat insulation film, an electric heating film, an anti-ultraviolet film, and an anti-fog film, wherein the heat insulation film and the electric heating film are located away from the signal acquisition area.

20. A method for designing vehicle window glass, characterized in that, include: Acquire first data of the vehicle window glass, including the location of the signal acquisition area of ​​the vehicle window glass, the thickness t1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area, the longitudinal radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle window glass in the signal acquisition area, and the refractive index n1 of the vehicle window glass; The second data obtained from the optical sensors includes the number of optical sensors, their positions, the calibration acquisition distance D of the optical sensors, and the angle between the line connecting the target object at the calibration acquisition distance and the optical sensors and the normal to the signal acquisition area. Calculate the first wedge angle δ1 of the signal acquisition area based on the first data and the second data: Where D = 5 meters - 160 meters.

21. The method as described in claim 20, characterized in that, The number of optical sensors is one or at least two, and the first wedge angle δ1 is calculated based on the calibration acquisition distance D of one of the optical sensors.

22. The method as described in claim 20, characterized in that, The number of optical sensors is at least two, and the first wedge angle δ1 satisfies: Where x1, x2…x N To calculate the weights, δ 01 ,δ 02 …δ 0N To determine the calibrated acquisition distance D based on the Nth optical sensor N The calculated wedge angle value is N≥2.

23. A vehicle window assembly, characterized in that, include: The vehicle window glass as described in any one of claims 1-19; as well as At least one optical sensor is mounted on the inner surface of the window glass.

24. The window assembly as described in claim 23, characterized in that, The optical sensor includes at least one of a narrow-angle camera, a standard camera, and a wide-angle camera; When the optical sensor is a narrow-angle camera, the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the narrow-angle camera is less than 40°, and the calibration acquisition distance D is 100m to 160m. When the optical sensor is a standard camera, the horizontal field of view of the standard camera is 40°≤HFOV≤90°, and the calibration acquisition distance D = 50m~100m; When the optical sensor is a wide-angle camera, the horizontal field of view (HFOV) of the wide-angle camera is greater than 90°, and the calibration acquisition distance D is 10m to 50m.

25. The window assembly as described in claim 24, characterized in that, When the optical sensor includes a standard camera and also includes at least one of a narrow-angle camera and a wide-angle camera, the calibration acquisition distance D = 50m to 100m.

26. The window assembly as described in claim 24, characterized in that, At least one of the narrow-angle camera, the standard camera, and the wide-angle camera is a visible light camera with 5 million or more pixels, and the visible light camera has a modulation transfer function (MTF) value of 0.6 at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency.

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