Multi-ECU power failure test system, method, device and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of automation technology, and more particularly to a system, method, device, and storage medium for testing power failures in multiple ECUs. The present invention uses a first relay group and a second relay group to determine the electrical connection between a simulated fault power supply and multiple ECUs. The multiple ECUs are tested for power failures using the simulated output of the simulated fault power supply. Relays are used to switch the power supply status of the ECUs, preventing ECU disconnection caused by switching power supplies during power failure testing. This allows for efficient, multi-scenario power failure testing of multiple ECUs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automation technology, and in particular to a multi-ECU power failure test system, method, device and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a serial communication protocol commonly used in vehicles and industrial applications. It is designed for fast and reliable communication between multiple electronic control units (ECUs), supporting real-time systems and data transfer between multiple devices. The CAN bus's reliability and real-time performance have led to its widespread use in automotive, industrial automation, and other fields.

[0003] Simulating power failures on devices on the CAN bus is a common test method used to assess system robustness and reliability. This testing helps determine the system's behavior in the face of power issues, ensuring that the system can properly handle and recover from abnormal conditions.

[0004] Traditional power supply failure testing requires manual connection of a fault simulation power supply to the ECU being tested, and manual configuration of the fault simulation power supply is also required. During the power supply test, the ECU needs to be powered off and then reconnected. For scenarios where multiple ECUs need to be tested, the existing technical methods are inefficient and prone to errors, and can only simulate a single power supply failure scenario each time a test is performed. Therefore, a new power supply failure testing system is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a multi-ECU power failure test system, method, device and storage medium for realizing high-efficiency power failure test of multiple ECUs.

[0006] The present invention provides a multi-ECU power failure test system, comprising:

[0007] Control unit, normal power supply, simulated fault power supply, first relay group, second relay group, multiple ECUs, including:

[0008] The simulated fault power supply includes a ground bias power supply and a program-controlled power supply;

[0009] The normally open contact of the first relay group is electrically connected to the ground bias power supply, and the normally closed contact of the first relay group is electrically connected to the program-controlled power supply;

[0010] The normally open contacts of the second relay group are electrically connected to the output terminals of the first relay group in a one-to-one correspondence, and the normally closed contacts of the second relay group are electrically connected to a conventional power supply;

[0011] The plurality of ECUs are electrically connected to the output terminals of the second relay group in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0012] The control unit is electrically connected to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group, and the second relay group, respectively, and is used to output control instructions;

[0013] The simulated fault power supply is used to output a simulated fault voltage according to a control instruction; the first relay group is used to obtain a test voltage output according to the control instruction and the input simulated fault voltage; the second relay group is used to perform a power supply fault test on the ECU to be tested according to the control instruction and the input test voltage.

[0014] According to the multi-ECU power supply fault test system provided by the present invention, the ground bias power supply is used to provide a preset fault voltage, which is greater than the stable voltage of the conventional power supply, or the preset fault voltage is less than the stable voltage of the conventional power supply.

[0015] According to the multi-ECU power failure test system provided by the present invention, the programmable power supply is used to provide a fault voltage when a power failure occurs. The power failure includes power interruption, power voltage fluctuation, power noise and power pulse.

[0016] According to the power supply failure test system for multiple ECUs provided by the present invention, the control unit includes a test management unit and a relay group management unit. The test management unit and the relay group management unit and the simulated fault power supply are communicatively connected respectively, and the relay group management unit is electrically connected to the coil of the first relay group and the coil of the second relay group respectively.

[0017] The present invention also provides a multi-ECU power failure test method, which is applied to the multi-ECU power failure test system provided by the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested;

[0019] Determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0020] generating a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0021] The control unit sends the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0022] According to the power supply failure testing method for multiple ECUs provided by the present invention, the power supply failure corresponding to the ECU to be tested includes power interruption, power supply voltage fluctuation, power supply noise, power supply pulse, high power supply voltage and low power supply voltage. According to the power supply failure corresponding to the ECU to be tested, the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group are determined, specifically:

[0023] If the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested is power interruption, power supply voltage fluctuation, power supply noise or power supply pulse, determining that the working contacts of the first relay group corresponding to the ECU to be tested are normally closed contacts;

[0024] If the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested is that the power supply voltage is too high or too low, the working contacts of the first relay group corresponding to the ECU to be tested are determined to be normally open contacts.

[0025] The present invention further provides a multi-ECU power failure test device, which is applied to the multi-ECU power failure test system provided by the present invention, comprising:

[0026] A fault determination module is used to determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested;

[0027] A contact determination module is used to determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; and to determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0028] An instruction generating module, configured to generate a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0029] The test module is used to enable the control unit to send the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0030] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the power supply failure testing method for multiple ECUs as described above is implemented.

[0031] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the multi-ECU power failure testing method described above is implemented.

[0032] The present invention also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements any one of the above-mentioned methods for testing power failures of multiple ECUs.

[0033] The power supply failure test system, method, device and storage medium for multiple ECUs provided by the present invention determine the electrical connection relationship between the simulated fault power supply and multiple ECUs through a first relay group and a second relay group, perform power supply failure tests on multiple ECUs through the output of the simulated fault power supply simulation, and use relays to switch the power supply status of the ECUs to avoid ECU disconnection caused by switching the power supply during the power supply failure test, thereby realizing high-efficiency, multi-scenario power supply failure testing of multiple ECUs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is one of the structural diagrams of the multi-ECU power failure test system provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is the second structural diagram of the multi-ECU power failure test system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of a multi-ECU power failure testing method provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-ECU power failure test device provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 5The present invention describes a multi-ECU power failure test system, method, device and storage medium.

[0042] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-ECU power failure test system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0043] Control unit 110, normal power supply 120, simulated fault power supply 130, first relay group 140, second relay group 150, multiple ECUs, wherein:

[0044] The simulated fault power supply 130 includes a ground bias power supply 131 and a program-controlled power supply 132;

[0045] The normally open contact of the first relay group 140 is electrically connected to the ground bias power supply, and the normally closed contact of the first relay group is electrically connected to the program-controlled power supply;

[0046] The normally open contacts of the second relay group 150 are electrically connected to the output terminals of the first relay group 140 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the normally closed contacts of the second relay group 150 are electrically connected to the conventional power supply 120;

[0047] The plurality of ECUs are electrically connected to the output terminals of the second relay group 150 in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0048] The control unit 110 is electrically connected to the simulated fault power supply 130, the first relay group 140, and the second relay group 150, respectively, for outputting control instructions;

[0049] The simulated fault power supply 130 is used to output a simulated fault voltage according to a control instruction; the first relay group 140 is used to obtain a test voltage output according to the control instruction and the input simulated fault voltage; the second relay group 150 is used to perform a power supply fault test on the ECU to be tested according to the control instruction and the input test voltage.

[0050] Figure 2 This is the second structural diagram of the power supply failure test system of multiple ECUs in an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of the present invention, the control unit includes a host computer and a relay management board. The host computer runs the experiment management software and the relay management board communication program. The host computer controls the programmable power supply and the ground bias power supply through the experiment management software to realize the signal editing of the simulated fault power supply; the host computer communicates with the relay management board through the relay management board communication program, and controls the coil current of the first relay group and the second relay group through the relay management board to realize the output switching of the first relay group and the second relay group.

[0051] As a specific embodiment, the experiment management software and the relay management board communication program communicate via a UDP network to read and write relay status. The experiment management software and the programmable power supply communicate via a serial port to control the output of the programmable power supply. The experiment management software and the ground bias power supply communicate via a TCP network to control the output of the ground bias power supply. The relay management board communication program receives the relay status from the experiment management software and sends it to the relay management board via a UDP network. The relay management board controls the coil voltage of each relay based on the relay status sent by the relay management board communication program.

[0052] It can be seen that the power supply failure test system for multiple ECUs in the embodiment of the present invention determines the electrical connection relationship between the simulated fault power supply and multiple ECUs through the first relay group and the second relay group, performs power supply failure tests on multiple ECUs through the output of the simulated fault power supply simulation, and uses relays to switch the power supply status of the ECU to avoid ECU disconnection caused by switching the power supply during the power supply failure test, thereby achieving high-efficiency, multi-scenario power supply failure testing for multiple ECUs. Furthermore, the relay management board communication program is used to avoid frequent communication between the experiment management software and the relay management board, thereby improving operating efficiency. In addition, other units connected to the relay management board communication program can also operate the relays. The programmable power supply can be used to quickly configure the desired output voltage through the experiment management software without the need to manually configure the output power supply.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, a ground-biased power supply is configured to provide a predetermined fault voltage, which is greater than the stable voltage of a conventional power supply, or less than the stable voltage of a conventional power supply. A programmable power supply is configured to provide a fault voltage in the event of a power failure, including power outages, power voltage fluctuations, power noise, and power pulses.

[0054] The embodiment of the present invention switches the access of the ground bias power supply and the programmable power supply through the first relay group, thereby realizing dynamic and continuous simulation of ECU power supply failure. For example, when the ECU to be tested needs to simulate power pulses, power supply voltage drops and continuously low power supply voltage in sequence, it is only necessary to set the working contacts of the first relay corresponding to the ECU to be tested to normally closed contacts, normally closed contacts and normally open contacts in sequence.

[0055] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing a power failure of multiple ECUs according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, it includes steps 310 to 340, specifically:

[0056] Step 310: Determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested;

[0057] Step 320: Determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the operating contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; determine the operating contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0058] Step 330: Generate a control instruction based on the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0059] Step 340: The control unit sends the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group, and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present invention, the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested includes power interruption, power supply voltage fluctuation, power supply noise, power supply pulse, high power supply voltage and low power supply voltage. According to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested, the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group are determined, specifically:

[0061] If the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested is power interruption, power supply voltage fluctuation, power supply noise or power supply pulse, determining that the working contacts of the first relay group corresponding to the ECU to be tested are normally closed contacts;

[0062] If the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested is that the power supply voltage is too high or too low, the working contacts of the first relay group corresponding to the ECU to be tested are determined to be normally open contacts.

[0063] The power supply failure test method for multiple ECUs in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to the power supply failure test system for multiple ECUs in an embodiment of the present invention. Power supply failure tests are performed on multiple ECUs by simulating the output of a faulty power supply simulation. Relays are used to switch the power supply status of the ECUs to avoid ECU disconnection caused by switching power supplies during power supply failure testing. This can achieve high-efficiency, multi-scenario power supply failure testing of multiple ECUs.

[0064] It is understood that since each ECU in a CAN bus system is typically two or more ECUs powered by the same power supply module, a power failure will not affect only a single ECU, and power failures in multiple ECUs may be interconnected. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention simultaneously test multiple ECUs for power failures, allowing the same fault to be injected into all electrically connected ECUs under test. Furthermore, the multi-ECU power failure testing method of the embodiments of the present invention allows for continuous fault injection into the ECUs under test, which is more consistent with the actual operation of a CAN bus system.

[0065] The power failure test of multiple ECUs provided by the present invention is described below. The power failure test device of multiple ECUs described below and the power failure test method of multiple ECUs described above can refer to each other.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-ECU power failure test device provided by the present invention, which is applied to the multi-ECU power failure test system of the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, including:

[0067] A fault determination module 410 is configured to determine a sequence of ECUs to be tested and a power supply fault corresponding to the ECUs to be tested;

[0068] The contact determination module 420 is used to determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; and determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0069] An instruction generating module 430 is configured to generate a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0070] The test module 440 is used to enable the control unit to send the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0071] It can be seen that the power supply failure test device for multiple ECUs in the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the power supply failure test system for multiple ECUs in the embodiment of the present invention. Power supply failure tests are performed on multiple ECUs by simulating the output of a faulty power supply simulation, and a relay is used to switch the power supply status of the ECU to avoid ECU disconnection caused by switching the power supply during the power supply failure test. This can achieve high-efficiency, multi-scenario power supply failure testing of multiple ECUs.

[0072] Figure 5 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 510, a communication interface 520, a memory 530, and a communication bus 540, wherein the processor 510, the communication interface 520, and the memory 530 communicate with each other via the communication bus 540. The processor 510 may call the logic instructions in the memory 530 to execute the power failure test method for multiple ECUs, including the following steps:

[0073] Determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested;

[0074] Determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0075] generating a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0076] The control unit sends the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0077] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 530 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0078] On the other hand, the present invention further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can perform the power failure test method for multiple ECUs provided by the above methods, including the following steps:

[0079] Determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested;

[0080] Determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0081] generating a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0082] The control unit sends the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0083] In another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for testing power failure of multiple ECUs provided by the above methods is implemented, comprising the following steps:

[0084] Determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested;

[0085] Determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested;

[0086] generating a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group;

[0087] The control unit sends the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

[0088] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0089] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution or the part that contributes to the existing technology can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain parts of the embodiments.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-ECU power failure test system, characterized in that: include: Control unit, normal power supply, simulated fault power supply, first relay group, second relay group, multiple ECUs, including: The simulated fault power supply includes a ground bias power supply and a program-controlled power supply; The normally open contact of the first relay group is electrically connected to the ground bias power supply, and the normally closed contact of the first relay group is electrically connected to the program-controlled power supply; The normally open contacts of the second relay group are electrically connected to the output terminals of the first relay group in a one-to-one correspondence, and the normally closed contacts of the second relay group are electrically connected to a conventional power supply; The plurality of ECUs are electrically connected to the output terminals of the second relay group in a one-to-one correspondence; The control unit is electrically connected to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group, and the second relay group, respectively, and is used to output control instructions; The simulated fault power supply is used to output a simulated fault voltage according to a control instruction; the first relay group is used to obtain a test voltage output according to the control instruction and the input simulated fault voltage; the second relay group is used to perform a power supply fault test on the ECU to be tested according to the control instruction and the input test voltage; The ground bias power supply is used to provide a preset fault voltage, wherein the preset fault voltage is greater than the stable voltage of the conventional power supply, or the preset fault voltage is less than the stable voltage of the conventional power supply; The programmable power supply is used to provide a fault voltage when a power failure occurs. The power failure includes power interruption, power voltage fluctuation, power noise and power pulse.

2. The multi-ECU power failure test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit includes a test management unit and a relay group management unit. The test management unit is communicatively connected to the relay group management unit and the simulated fault power supply. The relay group management unit is electrically connected to the coil of the first relay group and the coil of the second relay group.

3. A multi-ECU power failure test method, characterized in that: A power failure test system for multiple ECUs according to any one of claims 1 or 2, comprising the following steps: Determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; Determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested; generating a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group; The control unit sends the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

4. The multi-ECU power failure testing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested includes power interruption, power supply voltage fluctuation, power supply noise, power supply pulse, high power supply voltage and low power supply voltage. According to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested, the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group are determined, specifically: If the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested is power interruption, power supply voltage fluctuation, power supply noise or power supply pulse, determining that the working contacts of the first relay group corresponding to the ECU to be tested are normally closed contacts; If the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested is that the power supply voltage is too high or too low, the working contacts of the first relay group corresponding to the ECU to be tested are determined to be normally open contacts.

5. A multi-ECU power failure test device, characterized in that: A power failure test system for multiple ECUs according to any one of claims 1 or 2, comprising: A fault determination module is used to determine the ECU sequence to be tested and the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; A contact determination module is used to determine the simulated fault voltage output by the simulated fault power supply and the working contacts of the first relay group according to the power supply fault corresponding to the ECU to be tested; and to determine the working contacts of the second relay group according to the ECU sequence to be tested; An instruction generating module, configured to generate a control instruction according to the simulated fault voltage, the working contacts of the first relay group, and the working contacts of the second relay group; The test module is used to enable the control unit to send the control instruction to the simulated fault power supply, the first relay group and the second relay group to perform a fault test on the ECU sequence to be tested.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the power failure testing method for multiple ECUs as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 4 is implemented.

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