Packaging structure, packaging method and application of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

This invention provides an encapsulation structure, encapsulation method, and application for perovskite solar cells. The provided encapsulation structure includes: a silicone sealant layer disposed on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element; a hot melt adhesive film layer disposed on the surface of the silicone sealant layer; and a waterproof layer disposed around the silicone sealant layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer. Applying the provided encapsulation structure can largely preserve the original efficiency of the cell and protect it for long-term use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cells, and more specifically to a perovskite solar cell encapsulation structure, encapsulation method, and application. Background Technology

[0002] Hole-free printable mesoscopic solar cells (p-MSPCs) have advantages such as simple fabrication process, low cost, large-area production capability, and excellent stability. However, the presence of porous carbon electrodes makes it easier for chemicals in the encapsulation material to penetrate the electrodes and react with the perovskite crystals. Furthermore, since perovskite itself cannot withstand high temperature and humidity environments, the high temperature and vacuum environment during the lamination step of the encapsulation process can damage the perovskite solar cell.

[0003] Conventional silicon solar cell encapsulation materials, such as encapsulating films, have lamination temperatures reaching around 140°C, far exceeding the temperature tolerance of perovskite cells. Hot melt adhesive films suitable for low-temperature encapsulation lack curing capabilities and will remelt under extreme conditions like high temperatures, affecting both cell efficiency and structural strength. As non-curing adhesive films, harmful components may leach out during long-term use, potentially damaging the cell. Furthermore, hot melt adhesive films with excessively low melt flow index may permeate through the carbon electrode during the heating and lamination process, damaging the perovskite cell crystals. Methods involving coating highly hydrophobic materials and then evaporating the solvent to obtain a hydrophobic oxygen barrier layer also suffer from solvent penetration into the cell, damaging its structure. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology for obtaining inorganic hydrophobic oxygen barriers is costly, and its high operating temperature can damage the perovskite crystals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop encapsulation solutions with lower curing temperatures, that do not permeate into the cell's carbon electrode, and at a relatively lower cost.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies still suffer from problems such as lack of high durability, inability to retain the original performance of the cell to a large extent, and high packaging costs. Therefore, in order to further improve the performance of hole-free printable mesoscopic solar cells, it is necessary to find stable packaging structures and low-cost packaging materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. By coating the electrode surface with a layer of waterproof insulating silicone sealant and a layer of hot melt adhesive film, and then applying the waterproof sealant around the battery and heating and laminating it to cure the sealant and completely seal the battery, this invention effectively creates an environment that isolates the battery from water and oxygen. The waterproof insulating silicone sealant does not penetrate into the carbon electrode, thus solving the problem of reduced efficiency in perovskite solar cells during high-temperature curing. The hot melt adhesive film provides adhesion strength to the battery backsheet, further enhancing waterproof and insulating performance. Furthermore, the components precipitated after the hot melt adhesive film ages do not affect battery efficiency, thus solving the problems of battery protection and structural strength required for battery encapsulation. Through these measures, the technical effect of improving the encapsulation performance of solar cells is achieved.

[0006] Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0008] A silicone sealant layer applied to the surface of a perovskite solar cell element;

[0009] A hot melt adhesive film layer disposed on the surface of the silicone sealant layer;

[0010] And a waterproof adhesive layer disposed around the silicone adhesive layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer.

[0011] This invention provides an encapsulation structure for a perovskite solar cell. The encapsulation structure includes a silicone sealant layer and a hot melt adhesive film layer. The silicone sealant layer can isolate water and oxygen to ensure the stability of the internal environment after the cell is encapsulated. The hot melt adhesive film layer can further provide insulation, waterproofing, and structural strength of the cell. A waterproof adhesive layer is provided around the silicone sealant layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer (e.g., mainly on its two side edges) to prevent the hot melt adhesive film from contacting moisture in the air. The encapsulation structure can largely retain the original efficiency of the cell, and all encapsulation materials used are curable adhesives, thereby ensuring the long-term use of the encapsulated cell.

[0012] According to embodiments of the present invention, the encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell described above may further include the following technical features: in some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the silicone sealant layer is 0.05 mm to 1 mm, and the temperature tolerance range of the silicone sealant layer is -40 to 300 degrees Celsius.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the silicone adhesive layer is formed by curing a silicone sol material, the viscosity of which is 5000 cps-50000 cps. In some preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the silicone adhesive material is 20000 cps-50000 cps, for example, 30000 cps.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the silicone sealant material is selected from at least one of the following: acetic acid-removing, alcohol-removing, ammonia-removing, and propylene-removing types. In some embodiments of the present invention, the melting point of the hot melt adhesive film is 85–100 degrees Celsius, the peel force of the hot melt adhesive film to glass is not less than 90 N / cm, and the glass transition temperature of the hot melt adhesive film is not greater than -40 degrees Celsius.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the hot melt adhesive film layer is formed by hot melting of a hot melt adhesive material, wherein the hot melt adhesive material is selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyolefin elastomer or polyvinyl butyral.

[0016] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for encapsulating a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0017] (1) A silicone sealant material is coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element and cured by water vapor to form a silicone sealant layer;

[0018] (2) Apply hot melt adhesive material to the surface of the silicone adhesive layer to form a hot melt adhesive film layer;

[0019] (3) Apply waterproof adhesive around the silicone sealant layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer to form a waterproof adhesive layer.

[0020] The mentioned silicone sealant layer can be cured by water. This water-absorbing curing process creates a dense, water- and oxygen-barrier film, ensuring the stability of the internal environment after battery encapsulation. Hot melt adhesive materials can also be cured by heat to form a hot melt adhesive film layer, further providing insulation, waterproofing, and structural strength. A waterproof adhesive layer is then applied around the silicone sealant layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer (primarily at their side edges) to prevent contact between the hot melt adhesive film and moisture in the air, thus forming the perovskite solar cell encapsulation structure.

[0021] A third aspect of the present invention provides an encapsulated perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0022] Base glass layer,

[0023] A perovskite solar cell element, wherein the perovskite solar cell element is disposed on the surface of the substrate glass layer;

[0024] A silicone ketone layer is disposed on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element.

[0025] A hot melt adhesive film layer is disposed on the surface of the silicone ketone layer;

[0026] A cover glass layer, wherein the cover glass layer is disposed on the surface of the hot melt adhesive film layer; and

[0027] A waterproof adhesive layer is used around the perovskite solar cell element, the silicone ketone layer, and the hot melt adhesive film layer to seal with the conductive glass layer and the cover glass layer, forming an encapsulated perovskite solar cell.

[0028] Waterproof adhesive is added to the edge area between the battery and the back glass to prevent the hot melt adhesive film from contacting moisture in the air. Through the above encapsulation method, a battery's original efficiency can be largely preserved, and the main encapsulation materials are all curable adhesives that can ensure the long-term use of the encapsulated battery.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell element includes

[0030] A mesoporous electron transport layer, a mesoporous insulating layer, and a porous counter electrode layer are sequentially deposited on the surface of the substrate glass layer, as well as a perovskite film layer in the mesoporous film of the mesoporous electron transport layer, the mesoporous insulating layer, and the porous counter electrode layer.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell element includes an electron transport layer, a perovskite film layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode layer sequentially deposited on the surface of the substrate glass layer.

[0032] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0033] (1) The encapsulation structure provided by this invention uses a silicone adhesive layer to isolate water and oxygen, ensuring the stability of the internal environment after battery encapsulation. A hot melt adhesive film on the surface of the silicone adhesive layer provides further insulation, waterproofing, and structural strength to the battery. Furthermore, a waterproof adhesive layer prevents the hot melt adhesive film from contacting moisture in the air, thus achieving a structure that largely retains the original battery efficiency. The main encapsulation materials are all curable adhesives, ensuring long-term battery use after encapsulation. The silicone adhesive layer is formed by thermal curing of silicone adhesive material, ensuring the stability of the water content inside the battery during lamination. Combined with the hot melt adhesive film and waterproof adhesive layer, it can achieve various technical indicators required for battery encapsulation, such as peel strength, water resistance, and heat resistance. Furthermore, the silicone sealant used will not penetrate into the carbon electrode, thereby reducing the impact of changes in the internal environment of the battery on battery efficiency. The hot melt adhesive film layer can provide bonding strength with the battery backsheet, further enhancing the waterproof and insulating properties. At the same time, the substances precipitated from the hot melt adhesive film during aging will not damage the battery. This solves the problem that a single encapsulation material cannot meet the efficiency and structural strength requirements of the encapsulated battery, as well as the problem of the battery protection and structural strength required for battery encapsulation. Moreover, there is currently no encapsulation method that first coats the surface of the battery electrode with water vapor-cured silicone sealant to form a protective layer.

[0034] (2) The encapsulation method provided by the present invention uses silicone sealant to water-cur and isolate water and oxygen, ensuring the stability of the internal environment after battery encapsulation; moreover, the waterproof and insulating silicone sealant will not penetrate into the carbon electrode. At the same time, the curing rate can be adjusted by using different curing temperatures, thereby adjusting the residual humidity of the environment after the silicone sealant inside the battery absorbs water and cures, solving the problem that changes in the internal environment of the battery during the encapsulation process affect the battery efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the components of an encapsulated perovskite solar cell provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram, 1 is the cover glass layer; 2 is the hot melt adhesive film layer; 3 is the silicone adhesive layer; 4 is the perovskite solar cell element; 5 is the waterproof adhesive layer; and 6 is the base glass layer. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] Perovskite solar cells offer advantages over conventional silicon solar cells, including lower cost, wider material availability, relatively simpler manufacturing, higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the ability to be printed over large areas. They are considered a next-generation solar cell that can replace silicon solar cells. However, perovskite solar cells are currently susceptible to extreme conditions during operation, such as high temperature and humidity, oxygen, corrosive chemicals, and external impacts, which can lead to device damage or even failure. Because perovskite solar cells have many requirements regarding storage and encapsulation environments, the range of encapsulation options available for perovskite solar cells is much smaller compared to traditional silicon cells.

[0039] This invention specifically relates to a method of coating a waterproof insulating silicone sealant onto the electrode surface of a printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell, followed by heating and curing. A hot melt adhesive film is then placed on the silicone sealant-encased cell, and a waterproof adhesive is applied around the cell before heating and lamination to ensure a tight bond between the various adhesive films, perfectly sealing the cell. This invention utilizes the waterproof insulating silicone sealant's curing process, which involves vulcanization with humid air to create a dense, water- and air-resistant film layer between the cell and the air. Simultaneously, the silicone sealant absorbs excess moisture from the cell during curing and provides an environment isolated from external water and oxygen. The cured silicone sealant exhibits excellent heat and cold resistance. The hot melt adhesive film provides adhesion to both the silicone sealant and glass. Compared to the hot melt adhesives commonly used in perovskite cells, coating the functional areas of the cell with a curable material significantly improves the stability and lifespan of the solar cell in extreme environments. Furthermore, the adhesive film itself does not contact the cell, eliminating concerns about the leaching of internal components from the hot melt adhesive film over long-term use causing adverse effects on the cell. Additionally, it allows for the convenient selection of different hot melt adhesive film modifications to improve adhesion performance.

[0040] This invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0041] A silicone sealant layer disposed on the surface of a perovskite solar cell;

[0042] A hot melt adhesive film layer disposed on the surface of the silicone sealant layer;

[0043] And a waterproof layer disposed around the silicone ketone layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer.

[0044] Silicone sealant can cure under different humidity and temperature conditions, effectively ensuring that the battery has suitable temperature and humidity inside after the sealant cures, as well as good physical and chemical isolation properties from the external environment, thereby ensuring that the battery performance does not degrade after encapsulation. In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the silicone sealant layer is 0.05mm to 1mm, and the silicone sealant layer can withstand a temperature range of -40 to 300 degrees Celsius. According to a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the silicone sealant layer is 0.05mm to 0.3mm.

[0045] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the silicone adhesive layer is obtained by curing a silicone sol material, the viscosity of which is 5k-5W. This viscosity of silicone adhesive material allows for self-leveling, and after coating and curing, a dense film layer of a certain thickness and relatively regular shape can be obtained.

[0046] Silicone sealant can be cured by water vapor in the air. In specific preparation, a layer of silicone sealant can be spin-coated onto the battery surface and cured to achieve the purpose of blocking water and oxygen in the battery.

[0047] The silicone sealant used is selected from at least one of the following types: acetic acid-removing, alcohol-removing, ammonia-removing, and propylene-removing. The silicone sealant can also be obtained commercially.

[0048] According to a specific embodiment, the chemical structural formula of the silicone sealant is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] Wherein, R is an organic group. The R group mentioned includes, but is not limited to, alkoxy-hydroxy, epoxy, ester, or acryloyloxy groups.

[0051] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the melting point of the hot melt adhesive film layer is 85-100 degrees Celsius (for example, around 90-100 degrees Celsius), the peel force of the hot melt adhesive film layer is not less than 90 N / cm (for example, not less than 95 N / cm), and the glass transition temperature of the hot melt adhesive film layer is not greater than -40 degrees Celsius. The aforementioned hot melt adhesive film layer can be used for encapsulation in a laminator. The hot melt adhesive film layer itself has strong adhesion to glass materials and possesses a certain ability to block moisture. Furthermore, the hot melt adhesive film layer is bonded between the silicone sealant layer and the cover glass. After applying waterproof tape to the edges of the cover glass, it is aligned and pressed with the cured silicone sealant film battery before direct lamination, finally obtaining the encapsulated battery.

[0052] In specific embodiments, the melt index parameter of the hot melt adhesive film should be between 1 and 25 g / 10 min. According to a preferred embodiment, the melt index of the hot melt adhesive film is 15-25 g / 10 min. The color and light transmittance of the hot melt adhesive film are not subject to excessive restrictions and have no impact on battery efficiency.

[0053] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the hot melt adhesive film layer is formed by hot melting a hot melt adhesive material, wherein the hot melt adhesive material is selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyolefin elastomer, or polyvinyl butyral. The hot melt adhesive material used can be commercially available.

[0054] The present invention also provides a method for encapsulating perovskite solar cells, comprising:

[0055] (1) A silicone sealant material is coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element and cured by water vapor to form a silicone sealant layer;

[0056] (2) Apply hot melt adhesive material to the surface of the silicone adhesive layer to form a hot melt adhesive film layer;

[0057] (3) Apply waterproof adhesive around the silicone adhesive layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer to form the outermost waterproof adhesive layer.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, the curing time in step (1) is 24 to 60 hours; for example, the curing time can be within 48 hours under room temperature conditions, and the curing time can be shortened under heating conditions.

[0059] This invention also provides an encapsulated perovskite solar cell, which can be referred to. Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0060] Base glass layer,

[0061] A perovskite solar cell element, wherein the perovskite solar cell element is disposed on the surface of the substrate glass layer;

[0062] A silicone ketone layer is disposed on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element.

[0063] A hot melt adhesive film layer is disposed on the surface of the silicone ketone layer;

[0064] A cover glass layer, wherein the cover glass layer is disposed on the surface of the hot melt adhesive film layer; and

[0065] A waterproof adhesive layer is used around the perovskite solar cell element, the silicone ketone layer, and the hot melt adhesive film layer to seal with the conductive glass layer and the cover glass layer, forming an encapsulated perovskite solar cell.

[0066] According to a specific embodiment, the perovskite solar cell element includes:

[0067] A mesoporous electron transport layer, a mesoporous insulating layer, and a porous counter electrode layer are sequentially deposited on the surface of the substrate glass layer, along with a perovskite film layer within the mesoporous films of the mesoporous electron transport layer, mesoporous insulating layer, and porous counter electrode layer. The resulting perovskite solar cell is a mesoporous perovskite solar cell.

[0068] In accordance with specific embodiments, the perovskite solar cell element includes:

[0069] An electron transport layer, a perovskite film layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode layer are sequentially deposited on the surface of the substrate glass layer. The resulting encapsulated perovskite solar cell has a planar structure.

[0070] The technical solution of the present invention will be described below through specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are only used to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in the embodiments can be obtained commercially.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Example 1 provides an encapsulated perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0073] The silicone sealant used is a humid air-curing transparent electronic encapsulation silicone sealant. The sealant itself is transparent and colorless, with high viscosity (20000cps), self-leveling and other properties. The curing byproduct is alcohol, which is non-corrosive.

[0074] Silicone adhesive is applied in small amounts multiple times to the surface of the battery to be encapsulated. An appropriate coating speed is selected, and the adhesive is evenly applied to the battery surface using a slot coating method, completely isolating the battery from the external environment. Since thicker coatings are more difficult to cure, the silicone adhesive coating thickness is set to 0.15 mm to minimize curing time. The adhesive is then dried on a hot table at 80°C for 6 hours.

[0075] Then, a layer of EVA high water-barrier oxygen-type hot melt adhesive film is coated onto the cover glass as the hot melt adhesive material. This hot melt adhesive film has a melting point of 90℃, is colorless and transparent, and has a peel force of 95N / cm against glass.

[0076] Then, apply a layer of butyl rubber to the edge of the glass, and place the rubber film cut to the appropriate size inside the glass cover plate with butyl rubber applied around the edges. After attaching it to the prepared battery, use a laminator to laminate and encapsulate it at 100°C, with a vacuum time of 600s, a pressure of 90KPa, and a lamination time of 900s.

[0077] After the battery is coated with silicone sealant that cures at room temperature or 100°C, an EVA film of appropriate size is cut between the battery and the cover glass. A ring of butyl sealant is applied around the perimeter of the battery for encapsulation. The electrical performance parameters before and after encapsulation are not significantly different, and the efficiency difference before and after curing is within ±0.5%.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that:

[0080] The silicone sealant used is a moisture-curing silicone sealant, and the curing method is de-alcoholized curing. The sealant is white in color and has a high viscosity (10W).

[0081] Example 3

[0082] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that:

[0083] The silicone sealant used is an iron oxide-doped silicone sealant, the curing method used is de-alcoholized curing, and the color of the sealant is red.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the hot melt adhesive film material used in Example 4 is high elastic polyurethane (TPU). This type of adhesive film has strong elasticity, a melting point of 95°C, and a low melt index. At room temperature, the adhesive film is cloudy in color.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the hot melt adhesive material used in Example 5 is a POE hot melt adhesive film, which has a melting point of 90°C and is colorless and transparent.

[0088] Table 1 shows the battery electrical performance parameters before and after encapsulation. Before encapsulation, the battery was manufactured without any surface treatment of the electrodes, without lead-out electrodes, and without welded busbars for efficiency testing. Table 1 lists the voltage-current density-fill factor-efficiency results of the solar cells before and after encapsulation. Voc represents voltage, jsc represents current density, fill factor is FF, and efficiency is η.

[0089] Table 1 Comparison of parameters before and after packaging in the embodiments.

[0090]

[0091] Table 2 Comparison of parameters before and after using hot melt adhesive film lamination encapsulation alone.

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 5, the battery voltage decreased slightly before and after encapsulation, the current increased, the filler factor changed slightly, and the battery efficiency remained almost unchanged. This indicates that after encapsulation, the silicone sealant's curing and moisturizing properties ensured a stable internal environment for the battery. The hot melt adhesive film provided adhesion strength to the backplate glass, and the low temperature required for laminating the hot melt adhesive film and butyl rubber ensured that the battery was not affected by excessively high temperatures during lamination. Since the hot melt adhesive film did not contact the battery, internal additives did not penetrate into the battery and affect its efficiency. Therefore, the battery performance remained almost unchanged after encapsulation. Furthermore, the encapsulation materials were all curable, ensuring long-term stability of the internal environment of the encapsulated battery, achieving the expected results of this invention. However, when these three encapsulation structures are changed, using only one or two of the encapsulation structures will not achieve the effects mentioned in Examples 1 to 5.

[0094] Since silicone sealant is a moisture-curing type, sealing and encapsulating it before it is fully cured will prevent the sealant from curing properly, making it impossible to obtain meaningful data after silicone sealant encapsulation. Therefore, a separate table of battery efficiency differences before and after silicone sealant encapsulation is not provided.

[0095] Table 2 lists the comparison results of various parameters before and after encapsulation using only a hot melt adhesive film layer. As shown in Table 2, although the differences in various parameters before and after encapsulation are not significant, the efficiency difference is much greater than that shown in Table 1. Experimental data indicates that encapsulation using a hot melt adhesive film layer is far less effective than encapsulation using both silicone sealant and a hot melt adhesive film layer simultaneously. Furthermore, in the long term, another function of the silicone sealant layer is to regulate the water-oxygen balance within the battery. Therefore, based on long-term observation data, the encapsulation results using this invention significantly improve battery weather resistance compared to using only a single adhesive film layer.

[0096] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "implementation," "specific implementation," or "some examples" refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example that are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.

[0097] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for encapsulating a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, include: (1) The perovskite solar cell element is disposed on the surface of the substrate glass layer. A silicone sealant material is coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element and a silicone sealant layer is formed after curing with water vapor. The thickness of the silicone sealant layer is 0.05mm to 0.3mm, and the temperature resistance range of the silicone sealant layer is -40 to 300 degrees Celsius. The silicone adhesive layer is formed by curing a silicone adhesive material with a viscosity of 5000cps-50000cps. The curing temperature is room temperature or 100°C, and the curing method is alcohol removal type curing; (2) A hot melt adhesive material is coated on the surface of the silicone adhesive layer to form a hot melt adhesive film layer; a cover glass layer is disposed on the surface of the hot melt adhesive film layer; The hot melt adhesive film has a melting point of 85-100 degrees Celsius and a melt index of 5-25 g / 10 min; The peel force of the hot melt adhesive film layer on the glass is not less than 90 N / cm; The glass transition temperature of the hot melt adhesive film layer is not greater than -40 degrees Celsius; The hot melt adhesive film layer is formed by hot melting of hot melt adhesive material, and the hot melt adhesive material is selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyolefin elastomer or polyvinyl butyral. (3) Apply waterproof adhesive around the silicone sealant layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer to form a waterproof adhesive layer; The waterproof adhesive layer is formed of butyl rubber; The lamination and encapsulation were performed using a laminator at 100°C, with a vacuum time of 600s, a pressure of 90KPa, and a lamination time of 900s.

2. A packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell obtained by the method described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: A silicone sealant layer applied to the surface of a perovskite solar cell element; A hot melt adhesive film layer disposed on the surface of the silicone sealant layer; And a waterproof adhesive layer disposed around the silicone sealant layer and the hot melt adhesive film layer; The thickness of the silicone sealant layer is 0.05mm to 0.3mm, and the temperature resistance range of the silicone sealant layer is -40 to 300 degrees Celsius. The silicone adhesive layer is formed by curing a silicone adhesive material with a viscosity of 5000cps-50000cps. The hot melt adhesive film has a melting point of 85-100 degrees Celsius and a melt index of 5-25 g / 10 min; The peel force of the hot melt adhesive film layer on the glass is not less than 90 N / cm; The hot melt adhesive film layer is formed by hot melting of hot melt adhesive material, and the hot melt adhesive material is selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyolefin elastomer or polyvinyl butyral. The waterproof adhesive layer is formed of butyl rubber.

3. The packaging structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The viscosity of the silicone sealant is 20,000 cps-50,000 cps.

4. A perovskite solar cell encapsulated using the method described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: Base glass layer; A perovskite solar cell element, wherein the perovskite solar cell element is disposed on the surface of the substrate glass layer; A silicone adhesive layer is disposed on the surface of the perovskite solar cell element; the thickness of the silicone adhesive layer is 0.05mm to 0.3mm, and the temperature resistance range of the silicone adhesive layer is -40 to 300 degrees Celsius; the silicone adhesive layer is formed by curing a silicone adhesive material, and the viscosity of the silicone adhesive material is 5000cps to 50000cps. A hot melt adhesive film layer is disposed on the surface of the silicone adhesive; the hot melt adhesive film layer has a melting point of 85~100 degrees Celsius and a melt index of 5-25 g / 10 min; the hot melt adhesive film layer has a peel force to glass of not less than 90 N / cm; the hot melt adhesive film layer is formed by hot melting of hot melt adhesive material, and the hot melt adhesive material is selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyolefin elastomer or polyvinyl butyral; A cover glass layer, wherein the cover glass layer is disposed on the surface of the hot melt adhesive film layer; as well as A waterproof adhesive layer is used around the perovskite solar cell element, the silicone adhesive layer, and the hot melt adhesive film layer to seal with the substrate glass layer and the cover glass layer, forming an encapsulated perovskite solar cell. The waterproof adhesive layer is formed of butyl rubber.

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