Liquid fertilizer perforating and fertilizing device suitable for grassland and control method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a liquid fertilizer punching and fertilizing device suitable for grassland and a control method thereof, which comprises square hole needles, an inner cylinder assembly, a bevel gear rotating mechanism, a cam depth adjusting mechanism, an outer cylinder assembly, a detection and control device and a rack, the square hole needles are uniformly arranged on the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder assembly, the outer cylinder assembly is connected with the rack, the bevel gear rotating mechanism and the cam adjusting mechanism are arranged between the inner cylinder assembly and the outer cylinder assembly, the detection and control device can control the bevel gear rotating mechanism and the overall working state of the device, the depth of the square hole needles is adjusted, and the purpose of automatically variable liquid fertilizer application is achieved. The application can complete grassland punching and variable liquid fertilizer application at one time, break the grassland soil hardening layer, provide fertilizer nutrients required by crops, solve the problems of low efficiency of the current grassland punching device and lack of special punching and fertilizing matching tools, and effectively promote the planting recovery of degraded grassland and the growth of crops in mowing grassland.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a liquid fertilizer punching and fertilizing device suitable for grassland and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The grassland in China is seriously degraded, and the mechanized grassland improvement method can effectively improve the current grassland hardening and degradation phenomenon and promote the recovery of the grassland ecosystem. Punching, as one of the important mechanized improvement methods, can break the hardened grassland soil and increase the soil permeability, and fertilization can increase the soil nutrient content. Punching and fertilization treatment can better improve the physical and chemical properties of the grassland soil and promote the recovery of the grassland ecosystem.

[0003] At present, there are few special improvement machines for punching and fertilizing of degraded grassland in China. The existing punching machines have the defects of low operation efficiency and large ploughing of soil, and are not suitable for operation in grassland. At the same time, liquid fertilizer has been widely used due to its high fertilizer utilization rate and fast crop absorption and effect, but due to the lack of corresponding grassland liquid fertilizer deep application machinery, the application of liquid fertilizer in grassland is greatly limited. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a liquid fertilizer punching and fertilizing device suitable for grassland and a control method thereof, to solve the problems of low punching operation efficiency and lack of corresponding grassland punching and fertilizing machinery, and to realize the adjustment of punching operation depth and variable application of liquid fertilizer.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a liquid fertilizer punching and fertilizing device suitable for grassland, which comprises an inner cylinder assembly, a bevel gear rotating mechanism, a cam depth adjusting mechanism, a square hole needle, an outer cylinder assembly, a detection and control device and a rack.

[0007] The inner cylinder assembly mainly includes liquid fertilizer cylinder, inner cylinder, liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover and inner cylinder end cover, the liquid fertilizer cylinder wall is uniformly designed with threaded hole, the corresponding threaded hole is also provided with annular cylinder wall, which is used for supporting the installation of liquid fertilizer cylinder in the inner cylinder and reducing the overall weight, the inner cylinder is designed as a hollow cylinder, the threaded hole is uniformly designed on the cylinder wall and it can correspond to the threaded hole on the liquid fertilizer cylinder one by one, so as to ensure the closed conveying of liquid fertilizer on the cylinder wall, the cam fixed plate and the gear ring fixed plate are also uniformly arranged on the inner cylinder wall, which are used for connecting with the related parts of the cam depth adjusting mechanism and the helical gear transmission mechanism, the liquid fertilizer cylinder is arranged in the inner cylinder and the both ends are connected with sealing gasket, the liquid fertilizer cylinder and the inner cylinder end are designed with threaded hole, and the liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover and the inner cylinder end cover are connected with liquid fertilizer cylinder connecting screw and inner cylinder connecting screw respectively, so as to ensure the sealing of the structure, the hollow cylinder shaft is designed at the center of the liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover and the inner cylinder end cover, the cylinder shaft at the liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover is used for input of liquid fertilizer, and the cylinder shaft at the inner cylinder end cover is used for connection with other parts.

[0008] Further, the helical gear rotating mechanism mainly includes outer helical gear ring, gear shaft, bearing, inner helical gear ring, gear fixed plate, fixed shaft and helical gear, the outer helical gear ring is designed with threaded hole in the circumferential direction and is installed in the inner cylinder wall of the split outer cylinder I through outer ring fixed screw, the inner helical gear ring is designed with threaded hole in the circumferential direction and is fixed on the inner cylinder through inner ring fixed screw, the inner ring baffle is arranged on the inner helical gear ring, which is used for limiting the rotating area of the helical gear between the inner helical gear ring and the outer gear ring, the gear shaft is also connected with the helical gear, the gear shaft is connected at the outermost of both ends of the helical gear rotating mechanism, the bearing is arranged on the gear shaft and the shaft end nut is arranged at the shaft end, the circumferential rectangular tooth groove is designed on the middle shaft section of the gear shaft, so as to ensure the reliable clamping between the gear shaft and the electromagnetic lock, the gear fixed plate is arranged on the outer helical gear ring end face which is not at the outermost of both ends, the through hole is designed at the center of the gear fixed plate and the fixed shaft, the helical gear and the shaft end nut are sequentially connected, which is used for ensuring the normal engagement between the helical gears.

[0009] Further, the cam depth adjusting mechanism mainly includes roller limiting plate, cam and roller follower, the polar equation of the trajectory curve of the cam is ρ=435.40θ 3 -623.66θ 4 +238.22θ 5The cam is fixed on the inner cylinder through the cam fixing screw, the roller limiting plate is fixed on the cam through the side wall screw and the bottom screw, the roller follower is connected with the square hole needle through the fixing screw column and the fixing nut, and the square hole needle can slide on the cam surface correspondingly to change the punching depth when the inner cylinder assembly and the outer cylinder assembly are relatively rotated through the helical gear transmission mechanism.

[0010] Further, the square hole needle mainly comprises a needle connecting plate, a soil entering needle body and a penetrating needle head. The needle connecting plate is used for connecting the square hole needle with the roller follower. The soil entering needle body is arranged on the lower side of the needle connecting plate. The soil entering needle body has a square cross section profile and is internally provided with a liquid fertilizer pipeline to ensure that the needle body has better soil entering performance and the liquid fertilizer can be transported in the square hole needle. The penetrating needle head is arranged on the lower side of the soil entering needle body. The penetrating needle head has a quadrangular pyramid shape and is provided with a fertilizer outlet hole of the liquid fertilizer pipeline at the center of the tapered surface to ensure that the liquid fertilizer can be smoothly discharged from the square hole needle when the square hole needle penetrates into the grassland.

[0011] Further, the outer cylinder assembly mainly comprises split outer cylinder I, split outer cylinder II, outer cylinder end cover, inner sleeve, inner cylinder bearing, outer sleeve, motor connecting end cover and shaft end cover. The split outer cylinder I and the split outer cylinder II are uniformly provided with square hole grooves at corresponding positions of the cylinder wall to be connected with the square hole needle and ensure the connection strength. Two split outer cylinder Is are connected into a complete cylinder body through the side plate screw and the side plate nut. Two split outer cylinder IIs are connected into a whole through the long screw. The split outer cylinder I and the split outer cylinder II are provided with circumferential screw holes at the cylinder end and are connected with the outer cylinder end cover through the outer cylinder connecting screw. The outer cylinder end cover is provided with a gear shaft hole and a signal line outlet hole. The motor connecting end cover and the shaft end cover are connected to the outer cylinder end cover through the end cover connecting screw. The outer cylinder end cover is provided with a cylinder shaft at the center. The inner sleeve, the inner cylinder bearing and the outer sleeve are sequentially connected to the cylinder shaft from the inside to the outside to ensure that the inner cylinder assembly and the outer cylinder assembly can be relatively rotated.

[0012] Further, the said accuse device mainly includes normally open photoelectric switch, stepper motor, photoelectric switch baffle, inner electromagnetic lock, outer electromagnetic lock and flow regulating valve, the normally open photoelectric switch and stepper motor are fixedly connected on the outer cylinder end cover through screws, the photoelectric switch baffle is fixed on the rack side plate through screws, the tail end of the photoelectric switch baffle is a circular baffle, when the outer cylinder assembly rotates, the normally open photoelectric switch can receive the blocking signal and pass through it smoothly, one end of the flow regulating valve is installed at the threaded hole of the inner cylinder wall, the other end is connected with the square hole needle through the liquid fertilizer pipeline, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are correspondingly installed on the opposite sides of the gear shaft, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are fixed on the inner cylinder and the split outer cylinder I through screws respectively, the lock head of the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock is a circular ring and is designed with a circumferential rectangular tooth groove, which can tightly lock the gear shaft to ensure the stable maintenance of the punching depth during the operation, the control signal lines of the flow regulating valve, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are sequentially passed out through the signal discharge holes of the inner cylinder end and the outer cylinder end cover, which is convenient for wiring.

[0013] Further, the said accuse device mainly includes normally open photoelectric switch, stepper motor, photoelectric switch baffle, inner electromagnetic lock, outer electromagnetic lock and flow regulating valve, the normally open photoelectric switch and stepper motor are fixedly connected on the outer cylinder end cover through screws, the photoelectric switch baffle is fixed on the rack side plate through screws, the tail end of the photoelectric switch baffle is a circular baffle, when the outer cylinder assembly rotates, the normally open photoelectric switch can receive the blocking signal and pass through it smoothly, one end of the flow regulating valve is installed at the threaded hole of the inner cylinder wall, the other end is connected with the square hole needle through the liquid fertilizer pipeline, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are correspondingly installed on the opposite sides of the gear shaft, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are fixed on the inner cylinder and the split outer cylinder I through screws respectively, the lock head of the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock is a circular ring and is designed with a circumferential rectangular tooth groove, which can tightly lock the gear shaft to ensure the stable maintenance of the punching depth during the operation, the control signal lines of the flow regulating valve, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are sequentially passed out through the signal discharge holes of the inner cylinder end and the outer cylinder end cover, which is convenient for wiring.

[0014] Further, the said accuse device mainly includes normally open photoelectric switch, stepper motor, photoelectric switch baffle, inner electromagnetic lock, outer electromagnetic lock and flow regulating valve, the normally open photoelectric switch and stepper motor are fixedly connected on the outer cylinder end cover through screws, the photoelectric switch baffle is fixed on the rack side plate through screws, the tail end of the photoelectric switch baffle is a circular baffle, when the outer cylinder assembly rotates, the normally open photoelectric switch can receive the blocking signal and pass through it smoothly, one end of the flow regulating valve is installed at the threaded hole of the inner cylinder wall, the other end is connected with the square hole needle through the liquid fertilizer pipeline, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are correspondingly installed on the opposite sides of the gear shaft, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are fixed on the inner cylinder and the split outer cylinder I through screws respectively, the lock head of the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock is a circular ring and is designed with a circumferential rectangular tooth groove, which can tightly lock the gear shaft to ensure the stable maintenance of the punching depth during the operation, the control signal lines of the flow regulating valve, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are sequentially passed out through the signal discharge holes of the inner cylinder end and the outer cylinder end cover, which is convenient for wiring.

[0015] S1, before the device is used, the relationship between the pulse duty ratio input to the stepper motor and the extension length of the square hole needle is calibrated to obtain a pulse duty ratio-punching depth relationship model; the relationship between the control signal amount input to the flow regulating valve and the liquid fertilizer discharge flow of the corresponding square hole needle is calibrated to obtain a control signal amount-liquid fertilizer flow relationship model; the above two relationship models are input to the upper computer;

[0016] S2, before the operation, check whether the related control elements under the accuse device are working normally and whether the wiring is correct, after checking that there is no error, input the fertilizer prescription map of the current operation plot to the upper computer to complete the preparation work;

[0017] S3, during operation, the operation depth of the current perforation and fertilization operation plot is determined according to the grassland type and the degradation degree of the operation site, first, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are powered on, the locking state of the gear shaft is released, then the upper computer adjusts the stepping motor according to the obtained pulse duty ratio-perforation depth relationship model, so that the square hole needle reaches the corresponding extension length; after the adjustment is completed, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are powered off, so that the gear shaft remains in the locked state to ensure the stability of the perforation depth;

[0018] S4, when the normally open photoelectric switch detects the blockage from the photoelectric switch baffle, the flow regulating valve at the same axis position as the normally open photoelectric switch is adjusted according to the obtained control signal amount-liquid fertilizer flow relationship model combined with the fertilization prescription map, so as to control the size of the liquid fertilizer application amount of the square hole needle in the row;

[0019] S5, after the operation is completed, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are powered on, the elongation of the square hole needle is adjusted to the minimum, and after the adjustment is completed, the inner electromagnetic lock and the outer electromagnetic lock are powered off, so that the gear shaft is in the locked state, and the whole grassland perforation and variable liquid fertilizer application operation is completed.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0021] The present application realizes the rotary perforation operation by uniformly distributing the square hole needles in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder assembly and the outer cylinder assembly, effectively improves the operation efficiency of the perforation operation on the grassland compared with the existing reciprocating perforation operation, and adopts the square hole needle with a square cross-sectional profile to better penetrate the grassland soil compaction layer, while reducing the large-scale soil ploughing during the operation. The bevel gear transmission mechanism and the cam depth adjusting mechanism are used to adjust the perforation depth of the square hole needle, which enhances the adaptability of the device in different grassland operation scenes. In addition, the liquid fertilizer cylinder and the flow regulating valve are arranged to realize the variable application of liquid fertilizer while perforating the square hole needle. When the normally open photoelectric switch corresponding to the row of square hole needles detects the blockage, the output amount of liquid fertilizer is adjusted by controlling the control signal amount of the corresponding flow regulating valve. The operation is simple and reliable, and the present application can realize the perforation of the grassland and the variable application of the liquid fertilizer at one time, which can effectively improve the structure of the grassland soil compaction layer and improve the soil fertility.

[0022] The application adopts a helical gear transmission mechanism to realize the relative rotation between the inner cylinder assembly and the outer cylinder assembly, and then makes the square hole needle relatively displace on the cam, the rotation of the helical gear pair is driven by a stepping motor, the transmission is accurate and reliable, and the mechanism can bear greater load force than the spur gear, effectively avoiding the transmission failure due to large load during operation, the cam depth adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the punching depth of the square hole needle, the structure is reliable, and the cam curve equation used can ensure that the cam reliably moves the square hole needle while bearing the reaction force transmitted by the square hole needle.

[0023] The application adopts a stepping motor, a normally open photoelectric switch, an electromagnetic lock and a flow regulating valve as a control unit, realizes accurate adjustment of the punching depth through the stepping motor, realizes accurate control of the liquid fertilizer flow through the flow regulating valve, judges whether the square hole needle enters the soil through the normally open photoelectric switch, and locks the gear shaft in the helical gear transmission mechanism through the electromagnetic lock, so that the punching depth can be stably maintained during operation, the application has high automation, greatly improves the operation efficiency of grassland punching and fertilization, and effectively improves the physical and chemical properties of grassland soil and the growth environment of pasture.

[0024] The control method can set different punching and fertilization operation depths and generate different fertilization prescription maps to implement actual operation according to the requirements of grassland improvement operation in different regions, has strong adaptability, and can meet the actual operation needs in different regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a full section view of the application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is an exploded axonometric view of the inner cylinder assembly in the application;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the helical gear transmission mechanism in the application;

[0029] Figure 5 It is an exploded axonometric view of the cam depth adjusting mechanism in the application;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a partial section axonometric view of the square hole needle in the application;

[0031] Figure 7 It is an exploded axonometric view of the outer cylinder assembly in the application;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a structural composition schematic diagram of the control device in the application;

[0033] Figure 9 Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the inner cylinder assembly in the present application;

[0034] Figure 10 Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the rack in the present application;

[0035] Figure 11 Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the control method used in the present application.

[0036] Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the inner cylinder assembly in the present application; Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the rack in the present application; Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the control method used in the present application. Fig. 1: 1 - inner cylinder assembly; 101 - inner cylinder connecting screw; 102 - inner cylinder end cover; 103 - liquid fertilizer cylinder connecting screw; 104 - liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover; 105 - sealing gasket; 106 - inner cylinder; 107 - cam fixing plate; 108 - gear ring fixing plate; 109 - liquid fertilizer cylinder; 110 - annular cylinder wall; 2 - helical gear rotating mechanism; 201 - outer helical gear ring; 202 - gear shaft; 203 - bearing; 204 - inner helical gear ring; 205 - outer ring fixing screw; 206 - gear fixing plate; 207 - fixed shaft; 208 - shaft end nut; 209 - inner ring fixing screw; 210 - inner ring baffle; 211 - helical gear; 3 - cam depth adjusting mechanism; 301 - roller limiting plate; 302 - side wall screw; 303 - cam fixing screw; 304 - cam; 305 - roller follower; 306 - fixing stud; 307 - fixing nut; 308 - bottom screw; 4 - square hole needle; 401 - needle connecting plate; 402 - liquid fertilizer pipeline; 403 - soil entering needle body; 404 - penetrating needle head; 5 - outer cylinder assembly; 501 - outer cylinder connecting screw; 502 - end cover connecting screw; 503 - outer sleeve; 504 - inner cylinder bearing; 505 - inner sleeve; 506 - motor connecting end cover; 507 - shaft end cover; 508 - split outer cylinder I; 509 - long screw; 510 - split outer cylinder II; 511 - outer cylinder end cover; 512 - side plate screw; 513 - side plate nut; 6 - control device; 601 - normally open photoelectric switch; 602 - stepping motor; 603 - photoelectric switch baffle; 604 - inner side electromagnetic lock; 605 - outer side electromagnetic lock; 606 - flow regulating valve; 607 - control signal line; 608 - liquid fertilizer pipeline; 7 - rack; 701 - rack side plate; 702 - rack cross beam; 703 - shield; 704 - diamond belt seat bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The embodiments described below and the positional terms used are exemplary, and are intended to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0038] As Figure 1 And Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a liquid fertilizer puncher for grassland includes an inner cylinder assembly 1, a bevel gear rotating mechanism 2, a cam depth adjusting mechanism 3, a square hole needle 4, an outer cylinder assembly 5, a control device 6 and a frame 7. The inner cylinder assembly 1 is installed inside the outer cylinder assembly 5 and connected with it, the bevel gear rotating mechanism 2 and the cam depth adjusting mechanism 3 are installed on the inner cylinder assembly 1, the square hole needle 4 is installed on the cam depth adjusting mechanism 3 and can move linearly in the square hole groove on the outer cylinder assembly 5, the control device 6 is installed inside the outer cylinder assembly 5 and on both sides of the end cover and can control the relevant control elements, the frame is connected with the outer cylinder assembly 5 and has enough structural strength. During operation, the device is connected with the front suspension device of the tractor through the frame 7, the liquid fertilizer with a certain outlet pressure is transported into the liquid fertilizer cylinder through the cylinder shaft on both sides of the inner cylinder assembly 1, the relevant control elements in the control device 6 are correctly connected with the controller, the outer cylinder assembly 5 rotates relative to the frame 7 and moves forward along the operation direction under the driving of the tractor, when the square hole needle 4 on the outer cylinder assembly 5 penetrates into the grassland soil, it will punch a square hole in the grassland soil and apply a corresponding amount of liquid fertilizer in the hole groove, the device can accurately adjust the punching depth of the square hole needle 4 under the action of the bevel gear rotating mechanism 2 and the cam depth adjusting mechanism 3, and can ensure that the corresponding amount of liquid fertilizer is applied only when the square hole needle 4 in the same row penetrates into the grassland soil under the action of the control device 6, so as to realize the punching and variable application of liquid fertilizer on the grassland.

[0039] As Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the inner cylinder assembly 1 mainly includes an inner cylinder 106, a liquid fertilizer cylinder 109, an inner cylinder end cover 102 and a liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover 104, the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder 106 is provided with a cam fixing plate 107 and a gear ring fixing plate 108 in the circumferential direction in sequence, which is used for the installation and connection with other components, and the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder 106 is also designed with a threaded hole, which is used for the discharge of liquid fertilizer, the cylinder wall of the liquid fertilizer cylinder 109 is designed with a threaded hole and can be aligned with the threaded hole on the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder 106 during installation, the cylinder wall of the liquid fertilizer cylinder 109 is also provided with an annular cylinder wall 110, which can ensure the bearing of the liquid fertilizer cylinder 109 inside the inner cylinder 106 and effectively reduce the structural weight, the liquid fertilizer cylinder 109 and the inner cylinder 106 are fixed as a whole through the liquid fertilizer cylinder end cover 104 and the inner cylinder end cover 102 connected in sequence at the cylinder end, the sealing gasket 105 provided at the cylinder end of the liquid fertilizer cylinder 109 can prevent the leakage of liquid fertilizer and ensure the sealing of the structure, the relevant parts of the entire inner cylinder assembly 1 are combined into a whole through the liquid fertilizer cylinder connecting screw 103 and the inner cylinder connecting screw 101, which is simple to operate and reliable in structure.

[0040] As Figure 4As shown, the bevel gear rotating mechanism 2 mainly comprises an outer bevel gear ring 201, a gear shaft 202, an inner bevel gear ring 204 and a bevel gear 211, the outer bevel gear ring 201 is fixed on the outer cylinder through an outer ring fixing screw 205, the inner bevel gear ring 204 is fixed on the inner cylinder through an inner ring fixing screw 209, the bevel gear 211 is engaged with the outer bevel gear ring 201 and the inner bevel gear ring 204 respectively, one end of the bevel gear 211 is connected with the gear shaft 202 and the bearing 203 in sequence, the other end is connected with the shaft end nut 208, under the driving of the gear shaft 202, the outer bevel gear ring 201 and the inner bevel gear ring 204 can be relatively rotated, and then the inner cylinder assembly 1 and the outer cylinder assembly 5 connected therewith are relatively rotated to adjust the punching depth, the inner ring baffle 210 is designed on the inner bevel gear ring 204 to limit the rotating amount of the bevel gear 211, so as to ensure the corresponding punching depth range, the gear fixing plate 206 is arranged on the outer bevel gear ring end face of the non-both ends outermost side, the gear fixing plate 206 is connected with the bevel gear 211, the fixed shaft 207 and the shaft end nut 208 to ensure the rotating connection of the bevel gear 211, the bevel gear rotating mechanism 2 is arranged between the inner cylinder assembly 1 and the outer cylinder assembly 5, and can also bear the weight of the inner cylinder.

[0041] As shown in Figure 5 , the cam depth adjusting mechanism 3 mainly comprises a cam 304, a roller limiting plate 301 and a roller follower 305, the polar equation of the trajectory curve of the cam 304 is ρ = 435.40θ 3 -623.66θ 4 +238.22θ 5 , the cam 304 is fixedly connected on the inner cylinder 106 through a cam fixing screw 303, the roller limiting plate 301 is fixed on the cam 304 through a side wall screw 302 and a bottom screw 308, the roller follower 305 is slidingly connected between the cam 304 and the roller limiting plate 301, the roller follower 305 is connected with the square hole needle 4 through a fixing stud 306 and a fixing nut 307, when the bevel gear rotating mechanism 2 relatively rotates the inner cylinder assembly 1 and the outer cylinder assembly 5, the square hole needle 4 slides back and forth on the cam 304, and then the purpose of adjusting the punching depth is achieved.

[0042] As shown in Figure 6 , the square hole needle 4 mainly comprises a needle connecting plate 401, a soil entering needle body 403 and a penetrating needle head 404, the needle connecting plate 401 is used for being connected with the cam depth adjusting mechanism 3, the cross section of the soil entering needle body 403 is designed as a square to increase the soil entering performance, the soil entering needle body 403 is designed with a liquid fertilizer pipeline 402 inside to realize the delivery of liquid fertilizer, the penetrating needle head 404 is in the shape of a four-sided pyramid, and a through hole is designed at the center of the tapered surface of the penetrating needle head 404 to ensure the discharge of liquid fertilizer.

[0043] As Figure 7 shown, the outer cylinder assembly 5 mainly includes split outer cylinder I 508, split outer cylinder II 510, outer cylinder end cover 511, motor connecting end cover 506 and shaft end cover 507, the split outer cylinder I 508 and split outer cylinder II 510 are designed with square hole groove on the cylinder wall, which can ensure the linear movement of square hole needle 4, two split outer cylinder I 508 are connected into a cylinder through side plate screw 512 and side plate nut 513, two split outer cylinder II 510 are connected into a cylinder through long screw 509, the structure is simple and easy to process, and the structural strength can meet the operation requirements, the split outer cylinder I 508 and split outer cylinder II 510 are fixedly connected through outer cylinder connecting screw 501, the motor connecting end cover 506 and shaft end cover 507 are connected with the corresponding position of gear shaft on the outer cylinder end cover 511 through end cover connecting screw 502, which ensures the sealing of helical gear rotating mechanism 2, the inner sleeve 505, inner cylinder bearing 504 and outer sleeve 503 are connected in sequence on the cylinder shaft in the center of outer cylinder end cover 511, which can ensure the mutual rotation between inner cylinder assembly 1 and outer cylinder assembly 5.

[0044] As Figure 8 shown, the detection and control device 6 mainly consists of normally open photoelectric switch 601, stepping motor 602, photoelectric switch baffle 203, inner electromagnetic lock 604, outer electromagnetic lock 605 and flow regulating valve 606, the motor shaft of the stepping motor 602 matches with the shaft hole of the gear shaft 202 in the helical gear rotating mechanism 2, to drive the operation of the helical gear rotating mechanism 2, so as to adjust the punching depth of the square hole needle 4, the photoelectric switch baffle 203 is fixedly installed on the rack 7, the normally open photoelectric switch 601 is installed at the end cover of the outer cylinder assembly 5, the flow regulating valve 606 is installed on the inner cylinder wall, the normally open photoelectric switch 601 and the flow regulating valve 606 are aligned with the square hole needle 4 in the circumferential direction, when the normally open photoelectric switch 601 detects the blockage from the photoelectric switch baffle 203, it indicates that the corresponding row of square hole needle 4 of the normally open photoelectric switch 601 penetrates into the grassland soil, at this time, the corresponding flow regulating valve 606 is controlled, so as to realize the variable application of liquid fertilizer.

[0045] As Figure 9 shown, in order to ensure that the electromagnetic lock can lock the gear shaft 202 stably and reliably, and ensure the stability of the punching depth, the circumferential rectangular tooth groove is designed on the contact circumferential surface of the inner electromagnetic lock 604, the outer electromagnetic lock 605 and the gear shaft 202, the rectangular teeth on the contact surface of the inner electromagnetic lock 604 and the outer electromagnetic lock 605 can be aligned with the rectangular tooth groove on the gear shaft 202 when correctly locked, the angle θ between the center line of the adjacent teeth and the tooth groove is designed as the step angle of the stepping motor 602, so as to ensure that the electromagnetic lock can still correctly lock the gear shaft 202 after the stepping motor 602 drives the gear shaft 202.

[0046] As shown in Figure 10 The rack 7 mainly comprises a rack side plate 701, a rack beam 702, a shield 703 and a diamond belt seat bearing 704, the rack side plate 701 and the rack beam 702 are designed with threaded holes at corresponding positions to connect with other components, the diamond belt seat bearing 704 is designed with threaded holes at the connecting holes to be fixedly installed on the rack side plate 701, the curved surface section of the shield 703 is a partial circular ring and the minimum distance between the curved surface section and the square hole needle is one fifth of the maximum punching depth, which plays a protective role while preventing collision with the square hole needle, and the overall structure of the rack 7 is simple and reliable in connection.

[0047] As shown in Figure 11 The obtained pulse duty ratio-punching depth relationship model of the stepping motor 602, the control signal amount-liquid fertilizer flow relationship model of the flow regulating valve 606 and the fertilization prescription chart are input in the upper computer, when it is necessary to change the punching depth of the current operation, the upper computer controls the power supply of the electromagnetic lock through the control board to release the locking state of the electromagnetic lock on the gear shaft 202, at this time, the corresponding pulse duty ratio is sent to the stepping motor 602 according to the relationship model, so as to adjust the punching depth, after the adjustment is completed, the power supply of the electromagnetic lock is cut off, so that the locking state of the gear shaft 202 is restored, so as to ensure the stability of the punching depth, when the control board detects that the normally open photoelectric switch 601 is blocked, it indicates that the row of square hole needles 4 where the normally open photoelectric switch 601 is located has been penetrated into the grassland soil, at this time, the control board adjusts and controls the corresponding flow regulating valve 606 according to the relationship model, so as to achieve the purpose of applying the corresponding amount of liquid fertilizer when the square hole needle 4 is penetrated into the soil.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A liquid fertilizer perforating applicator for sod fields, characterized by: The device comprises an inner cylinder assembly (1), a bevel gear rotating mechanism (2), a cam depth adjusting mechanism (3), square hole needles (4), an outer cylinder assembly (5) and a control device (6) arranged on a rack (7), the square hole needles (4) are evenly arranged on the circumferential cylinder wall of the inner cylinder assembly (1) and are in sliding connection with the square hole grooves arranged on the cylinder wall of the outer cylinder assembly (5), the outer cylinder assembly (5) is coaxially arranged with the inner cylinder assembly (1), the bevel gear rotating mechanism (2) and the cam depth adjusting mechanism (3) are arranged between the inner cylinder assembly (1) and the outer cylinder assembly (5), the control device (6) is distributed between the inner cylinder assembly (1) and the outer cylinder assembly (5) and is located on both sides of the rack (7), the depth adjustment of the hole operation on the grassland and the automatic application of liquid fertilizer are realized through the adjustment and control of the control device (6); the inner cylinder assembly (1) comprises an inner cylinder (106), the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder (106) is uniformly provided with threaded holes, a cam fixing plate (107) and a gear ring fixing plate (108), the liquid fertilizer cylinder (109) is uniformly provided with threaded holes and an annular cylinder wall (110) on the cylinder wall, the liquid fertilizer cylinder (109) is arranged in the inner cylinder (106) and the cylinder walls and end faces of the two are correspondingly coincident, liquid fertilizer cylinder end covers (104) and sealing gaskets (105) are fixedly arranged on the two side end covers of the liquid fertilizer cylinder (109) through liquid fertilizer cylinder connecting screws (103), inner cylinder end covers (102) are coaxially arranged with the liquid fertilizer cylinder end covers (104) and are fixedly arranged on the two side end faces of the inner cylinder (106) through inner cylinder connecting screws (101); the bevel gear rotating mechanism (2) comprises an inner bevel gear ring (204), the inner bevel gear ring (204) is provided with an inner ring baffle (210) to limit the rotating area of the bevel gear (211) and is fixedly arranged on the gear ring fixing plate (108) through an inner ring fixing screw (209), an outer bevel gear ring (201) is provided with threaded holes and is fixed in the split outer cylinder I (508) through an outer ring fixing screw (205), the bevel gear (211) is in mesh with the outer bevel gear ring (201) and the inner bevel gear ring (204), rotating the bevel gear (211) makes the outer bevel gear ring (201) and the inner bevel gear ring (204) rotate in opposite directions, a gear shaft (202) is provided with a bearing (203) at one end and is connected with the outermost bevel gear (211) through a key and is fixed at the shaft end through a shaft end nut (208), gear fixing plates (206) are symmetrically arranged on the end faces of the outermost bevel gear rings (201) on both sides, the gear fixing plates (206) are provided with through holes at the centers and are connected with fixed shafts (207), the fixed shafts (207) are connected with shaft end nuts (208) at the shaft ends to ensure the stable meshing between the bevel gear (211) and the gear rings.

2. The liquid fertilizer perforating and applying device for grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cam depth adjustment mechanism (3) includes a cam (304), which is circumferentially mounted on the wall of the split inner cylinder I (508) via a cam fixing screw (303). The trajectory equation of the cam curve in polar coordinate form is ρ=435.40θ 3 -623.66θ 4 +238.22θ 5 The roller follower (305) is connected to the cam (304) in a rolling manner. A through hole is provided at the center of the roller follower (305) and is connected to the square hole needle (4) through a fixing stud (306) and a fixing nut (307). The roller limit plate (301) is fixed to the cam (304) through a side wall screw (302) and a bottom screw (308). The trajectory equation of the roller limit plate (301) at the curved surface is the same as that of the cam (304). While limiting the position of the square hole needle (4), it can ensure that the square hole needle (4) slides back and forth on the cam (304) to achieve adjustment of the punching depth.

3. The liquid fertilizer perforating and applying device for grassland according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hole needle connecting plate (401) is provided at one end of the square hole needle (4) for connecting to the roller follower (305). A liquid fertilizer pipeline (402) is provided inside the square hole needle (4). The input end of the liquid fertilizer pipeline (402) is provided with a thread to ensure reliable transportation of liquid fertilizer. A soil-entering needle body (403) is provided at the other end of the square hole needle (4). The cross-sectional outer contour of the soil-entering needle body (403) is set to be square. A penetration needle head (404) is provided at the lower end of the soil-entering needle body (403). The penetration needle head (404) is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid and has a fertilizer outlet through hole of the liquid fertilizer pipeline (402) at the center of the cone surface.

4. The liquid fertilizer perforating and applying device for grassland according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer cylinder assembly (5) includes a split outer cylinder I (508) and a split outer cylinder II (510). Square holes are evenly arranged on the walls of the split outer cylinder I (508) and the split outer cylinder II (510) to ensure that the square hole needle (4) can slide linearly in the hole. The two split outer cylinders I (508) are provided with through holes at the side wall connecting plates and are connected to form a complete cylinder body by using side plate screws (512) and side plate nuts (513). Threaded holes are provided at corresponding positions on the cylinder wall to connect the outer bevel gear ring (201). The two split outer cylinders II (510) are connected to form a complete cylinder body by long screws (509). The outer cylinder I (508) and the split outer cylinder II (510) are coaxially mounted and outer cylinder end covers (511) are provided on both ends of the cylinders. The two are fixedly connected by outer cylinder connecting screws (501). The outer cylinder end cover (511) is provided with a gear shaft hole and a signal line discharge hole. The motor connecting end cover (506) and the shaft end cover (507) are respectively connected to the outer cylinder end cover (511) by end cover connecting screws (502). The cylinder shaft at the center of the outer cylinder end cover (511) is also connected to the inner sleeve (505), the inner cylinder bearing (504) and the outer sleeve (503) in sequence from the inside to the outside, so as to ensure that the inner cylinder assembly (1) and the outer cylinder assembly (5) can rotate flexibly relative to each other.

5. The liquid fertilizer perforating and applying device for grassland according to claim 4, characterized in that: The accuse device (6) includes a normally open photoelectric switch (601) which is fixedly installed on the outer cylinder end cover (511) by screws and is aligned with the square hole needle (4) in the axial direction, a stepping motor (602) which is fixedly installed on the motor connecting end cover (506) by screws, the motor shaft of the stepping motor (602) is matched with the shaft hole at one end of the gear shaft (202), the inner electromagnetic lock (604) and the outer electromagnetic lock (605) are respectively installed on the inner cylinder (106) and the split outer cylinder I (508), and the lock head ends thereof can prevent the gear shaft (202) from rotating when locked, the photoelectric switch baffle (603) is fixedly connected on the rack side plate (701) by screws, the tail end of the photoelectric switch baffle (603) is a circular baffle, which does not limit the free passage of the normally open photoelectric switch (601), one end of the flow regulating valve (606) is sequentially installed on the threaded hole provided on the wall of the inner cylinder (106), the other end is connected with the square hole needle (4) through the liquid fertilizer pipeline (608), and the control signal line (607) is inserted from the signal line outlet hole at the outer cylinder end cover (511) and is sequentially connected with the flow regulating valve (606), the inner electromagnetic lock (604) and the outer electromagnetic lock (605).

6. The liquid fertilizer perforating and applying device for grassland according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner electromagnetic lock (604) and the outer electromagnetic lock (605) are respectively installed on the opposite sides of the gear shaft (202), the contact surfaces thereof are correspondingly provided with circumferential rectangular tooth grooves, and the angle θ formed by the center lines of the adjacent teeth and tooth grooves is set as the step angle of the stepping motor (602), so as to ensure that the electromagnetic lock and the gear shaft (202) can be tightly locked.

7. The liquid fertilizer perforating and applying device for grassland according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rack (7) includes a shroud (703), the curved surface section of the shroud (703) is a partial circular ring, and the minimum distance between the shroud (703) and the square hole needle (4) is one fifth of the maximum punching depth, so as to prevent the collision between the two during the operation.

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