A method and system for electrofluid printing based on thermoelectric coupling

Abstract

The disclosed embodiments relate to an electrofluidic printing method and system based on thermoelectric coupling. The electrofluidic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling includes a preparation stage, an initial electric field formation stage, and a printing stage. In the preparation stage, the temperature of the printed material is controlled to be maintained within a set temperature range. In the initial electric field formation stage, an initial electric field is formed between the print head and the collection plate through an electrode module according to the printing requirements and the physical parameters of the printed material. In the printing stage, the movement speed, temperature, and injection volume of the print head are controlled, and the electric field strength between the print head and the collection plate is adjusted in real time according to the printing requirements and the temperature of the printed material. The electrofluidic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling disclosed in the present invention can control the printing accuracy and improve the printing quality of electrofluidic printing by designing the preparation stage, the initial electric field formation stage, and the printing stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of electrofluidic printing, and in particular to an electrofluidic printing method and system based on thermoelectric coupling. Background Art

[0002] Electrohydrodynamic printing, a printing technology that uses electric fields to drive fluid ejection from a printhead, boasts advantages such as fast printing speeds and high image clarity, making it widely used in commercial printing, electronics manufacturing, and other fields. However, the electrohydrodynamic printing process involves multiple physical processes and interactions, including electric fields, fluid flow, and charge transfer, making it difficult to coordinate and control.

[0003] Prior art considers the effects of electric field and temperature on the electrohydrodynamic printing process, but only considers the process under constant temperature conditions. However, temperature fluctuations often occur during electrohydrodynamic printing, which not only affects the physical properties of the printed material but also the electric field, resulting in less than ideal electrohydrodynamic printing results.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new technical solution to improve one or more problems existing in the above solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide an electrohydrodynamic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling to improve the printing quality of electrohydrodynamic printing.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electro-fluid printing method based on thermoelectric coupling, comprising a preparation stage, an initial electric field forming stage, and a printing stage.

[0007] During the preparation stage, the temperature of the printing material is controlled to be maintained within a set temperature range;

[0008] In the initial electric field forming stage, an initial electric field is formed between the printing head and the collecting plate through the electrode module according to the printing requirements and the physical parameters of the printing material;

[0009] During the printing stage, the movement speed, temperature and spray volume of the printing head are controlled, and the electric field strength between the printing head and the collecting plate is adjusted in real time according to the printing requirements and the temperature of the printing material.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, during the initial electric field formation stage and the printing stage, the temperature of the electrode module is controlled by a thermoelectric coupling module to optimize the electric field between the print head and the collecting plate.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode module includes two electrodes, which are respectively provided on the print head and the collecting plate. Adjusting the electric field strength between the print head and the collecting plate includes the following steps:

[0012] The voltage and / or distance between the two electrodes of the electrode module are adjusted.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the printing stage further includes optimizing the printing parameters, and the optimizing the printing parameters includes the following steps:

[0014] Calculate the printing parameters during the printing phase using the parameter optimization model;

[0015] Execute the printing process according to the printing parameters;

[0016] monitoring the real-time printing parameters during the printing process to obtain a printing parameter deviation;

[0017] Adjusting the printing parameters in real time during the printing phase according to the printing parameter deviation;

[0018] The printing parameters include electric field strength, print head temperature, and initial speed of the printing material when it is ejected from the print head.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, during the initial electric field formation stage, the initial voltage of the initial electric field is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, V s represents the initial voltage, d represents the distance between the print head and the collecting plate, L represents the length of the nozzle on the print head, R represents the inner diameter of the nozzle on the print head, and γ represents the surface tension of the printing material.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the physical parameters of the printing material include viscosity, surface tension and conductivity.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, after the printing stage, the printed sample is further post-processed.

[0024] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electro-hydrodynamic printing system based on thermoelectric coupling, comprising:

[0025] A print head for ejecting printing material;

[0026] A collecting plate, used for collecting the printing material ejected by the printing head;

[0027] an electrode module, comprising two electrodes respectively disposed on the print head and the collecting plate, wherein the electrode module is configured to form an electric field between the print head and the collecting plate;

[0028] A thermoelectric coupling module is electrically connected to the printing head and the electrode module, and is used to regulate the temperature of the printing head and the temperature of the electrode module.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thermoelectric coupling-based electro-hydraulic printing system further includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the thermoelectric coupling module and the electrode module, respectively, and is configured to control the output power of the thermoelectric coupling module and the voltage of the electrode module.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the electro-fluid printing system based on thermoelectric coupling further includes a material supply module and a substrate processing module. The material supply module is used to store printing materials and deliver printing materials to the print head. The substrate processing module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to preheat the printing materials in the material supply module.

[0031] The technical solutions provided by the present disclosure may have the following beneficial effects:

[0032] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature of the printing material is controlled within a set temperature range during the preparation stage to regulate the physical parameters of the printing material before printing. During the initial electric field formation stage, a suitable electric field is arranged between the print head and the collection plate according to the printing requirements and the physical parameters of the printing material. Controlling the movement speed, spray volume and temperature of the print head during the printing stage is conducive to accurately printing the printing material sprayed by the print head onto the collection plate, and also adjusting the electric field strength between the print head and the collection plate in real time according to the printing requirements and the temperature of the printing material. That is, during the printing process, on the one hand, the printing accuracy is controlled by controlling the movement speed, temperature and spray volume of the print head, and on the other hand, the electric field strength is adjusted in real time. The printing requirements and the physical properties of the printing material are also taken into consideration when adjusting the electric field strength to ensure the stability of the movement of the printing material between the print head and the collection plate, which is conducive to further improving the printing quality.

[0033] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0035] Figure 1 A flow chart showing an electrohydrodynamic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 A simplified schematic diagram of an electrohydrodynamic printing system based on thermoelectric coupling in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0038] In addition, the accompanying drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Identical reference numerals in the figures denote identical or similar parts, and thus repetitive descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities that do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0039] In this exemplary embodiment, a method for electrofluid printing based on thermoelectric coupling is first provided, including a preparation stage, an initial electric field formation stage, and a printing stage, wherein:

[0040] During the preparation phase, the temperature of the printing material is controlled to be maintained within the set temperature range;

[0041] In the initial electric field formation stage, according to the printing requirements and the physical parameters of the printing material, an initial electric field is formed between the printing head and the collecting plate through the electrode module;

[0042] During the printing stage, the movement speed, temperature and injection volume of the print head are controlled, and the electric field strength between the print head and the collecting plate is adjusted in real time according to the printing requirements and the temperature of the printed material.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature of the printing material is controlled within a set temperature range during the preparation stage to regulate the physical parameters of the printing material before printing. During the initial electric field formation stage, a suitable electric field is arranged between the print head and the collection plate according to the printing requirements and the physical parameters of the printing material. Controlling the movement speed, spray volume and temperature of the print head during the printing stage is conducive to accurately printing the printing material sprayed by the print head onto the collection plate, and also adjusting the electric field strength between the print head and the collection plate in real time according to the printing requirements and the temperature of the printing material. That is, during the printing process, on the one hand, the printing accuracy is controlled by controlling the movement speed, temperature and spray volume of the print head, and on the other hand, the electric field strength is adjusted in real time. The printing requirements and the physical properties of the printing material are also taken into consideration when adjusting the electric field strength to ensure the stability of the movement of the printing material between the print head and the collection plate, which is conducive to further improving the printing quality.

[0044] It should be noted that the electrofluidic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling of this embodiment is implemented in an electrofluidic printing system, which includes but is not limited to a print head, a collection plate, an electrode module and a thermoelectric coupling module; wherein the print head is used to spray printing materials, the collection plate is used to collect the printing materials sprayed by the print head, and the electrode module is used to form an electric field between the print head and the collection plate; the thermoelectric coupling module is used to adjust the temperature of the print head and the temperature and voltage of the electrode structure.

[0045] It should be noted that the physical properties of printing materials are affected by temperature. Temperature changes can alter the physical parameters of the printing material, which in turn can affect print quality. Therefore, this embodiment regulates the physical parameters most significantly affected by temperature. Specifically, during the preparation phase, the printing material is preheated and its temperature is maintained within a set temperature range. This is to regulate the physical parameters of the printing material and thereby achieve a certain degree of control over print quality. In this embodiment, the set temperature range can be determined based on the type of printing material and the printing requirements.

[0046] Optionally, the printing material in this embodiment can be stored in a storage cartridge of the material supply module, and the printing material in the storage cartridge can be delivered to the print head via a supply line of the material supply module. During the preparation phase, the temperature of the printing material in the material supply module and the print head can be controlled to maintain the temperature of the printing material within a set temperature range.

[0047] Optionally, the physical parameters of the printing material in this embodiment include viscosity, surface tension and conductivity.

[0048] In one embodiment, a thermoelectric coupling module is used to precisely adjust the temperature of the print head to a set temperature range to adjust the physical properties of the printed material so that the printed material reaches the optimal printing state. The relationship between the viscosity of the printed material and the temperature can be expressed as:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, η0 represents the frequency factor, E a represents activation energy, R represents gas constant, T represents absolute temperature or Kelvin temperature scale, and η represents viscosity.

[0051] Furthermore, the relationship between the surface tension of the printing material and the temperature can be expressed as:

[0052] γ=γ0-aT (3)

[0053] Where γ0 represents the surface tension at a reference temperature, a represents the temperature coefficient, T represents the absolute temperature or the Kelvin temperature scale, and γ represents the surface tension when the absolute temperature is T.

[0054] Furthermore, the relationship between the conductivity of the printed material and temperature depends on the type and concentration of ions in the printed material. Generally, as the temperature increases, the conductivity of the printed material increases accordingly.

[0055] Optionally, during the preparation stage, the temperature of the printing material may be monitored in real time, and the thermoelectric coupling module may adjust the temperature of the printing material according to the monitored temperature data, thereby controlling the temperature of the printing material to be maintained within a set temperature range.

[0056] During the initial electric field formation phase, the electrode module creates an initial electric field between the print head and the collector plate based on the physical parameters of the printing material and the printing requirements. It should be noted that the physical parameters of the printing material include, but are not limited to, the aforementioned viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity, while the printing requirements include, but are not limited to, printing accuracy and printing speed.

[0057] In one embodiment, during the initial electric field formation stage, the initial voltage of the initial electric field is:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, V s represents the initial voltage of the initial electric field, d represents the distance between the print head and the collecting plate, L represents the length of the nozzle on the print head, R represents the inner diameter of the nozzle on the print head, and γ represents the surface tension of the printing material.

[0060] The initial voltage value of the initial electric field takes into account the physical properties of the printed material, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the initial electric field distribution; and the initial voltage value of the initial electric field is sufficient to overcome the surface tension of the printed material, but not too large to avoid electrical breakdown.

[0061] Furthermore, the above formula (1) can be obtained through the equilibrium equation of the droplet, which is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where F is the attractive force of the applied field, W is the hydrodynamic force including the weight of the liquid cap above the hole, Δp is the pressure difference between the bottom of the liquid cone and the ambient pressure, and θ is the half-cone angle. When Δp is zero, θ is 49.3°.

[0064] Optionally, the electrode module includes two electrodes, which are respectively provided on the print head and the collecting plate. Adjusting the electric field strength between the print head and the collecting plate includes the following steps:

[0065] Adjust the voltage and / or distance between the two electrodes of the electrode module.

[0066] By adjusting the voltage between the two electrodes of the electrode module, the electric field strength can be changed, thereby controlling the splitting and flight trajectory of the printed material; by adjusting the distance between the two electrodes of the electrode module, the electric field strength can also be changed, thereby regulating the uniformity of the electric field distribution.

[0067] In this embodiment, the electric field strength E is related to the printing voltage V and the distance d between the printing head and the collecting plate, wherein the printing voltage V is the voltage between the two electrodes of the electrode module, and the distance d between the printing head and the collecting plate is the distance between the two electrodes of the electrode module. The relationship between the electric field strength E, the printing voltage V, and the distance d between the printing head and the collecting plate can be expressed as:

[0068]

[0069] Wherein, E represents the electric field strength between the print head and the collecting plate, V represents the printing voltage, and d represents the distance between the print head and the collecting plate.

[0070] Optionally, the initial voltage value of the initial electric field can be achieved through an electrode module, that is, the initial voltage value of the initial electric field can be regulated by adjusting the voltage between two electrodes in the electrode module.

[0071] In one embodiment, during the initial electric field formation and printing phases, a thermoelectric coupling module controls the temperature of the electrode module to optimize the electric field between the printhead and the collector plate. Considering that temperature changes may alter the conductivity and dielectric constant of the printed material, which in turn affects the electric field distribution, this temperature control of the electrode module via the thermoelectric coupling module can mitigate uneven charge distribution on the electrode surface of the electrode module, further improving electric field stability and achieving optimized electric field performance.

[0072] In this embodiment, the relationship between the electric field intensity E and the temperature T can be expressed by the following linear function:

[0073] E=E0+k*(T-T0) (6)

[0074] Wherein, E0 represents the electric field strength at the reference temperature T0, and k is the temperature coefficient, specifically representing the change in electric field strength when the temperature changes by 1 degree.

[0075] It should be noted that when the temperature of the printing material increases, if the conductivity of the printing material increases, the electric field strength needs to be reduced to prevent electrical breakdown, and the k value may take a negative value at this time; conversely, when the temperature of the printing material decreases, if the conductivity of the printing material decreases, the electric field strength needs to be increased to ensure the printing effect, and the k value may take a positive value at this time.

[0076] Furthermore, during the preparation stage, the initial electric field formation stage and the printing stage, the temperature of the print head and the temperature of the electrode module can be monitored by sensors, so that the thermoelectric coupling module can adjust the temperature of the print head and the temperature of the electrode module according to the data collected by the sensor. This can control the temperature of the printed material and the physical parameters of the printed material on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is conducive to ensuring the stability of the electric field.

[0077] During the printing phase of the present embodiment, the printed material is ejected from the print head and flies to the collecting plate under the action of the electric field force. In order to obtain the best printing effect, the present embodiment takes into account printing parameters such as the electric field strength, the print head temperature, and the initial speed of the printed material when it is ejected from the print head during the printing phase. Among them, the movement of the printed material ejected from the print head in the electric field can be regarded as a quasi-projectile motion, and the flight trajectory of the printed material is determined by the electric field strength and the initial speed. Therefore, during the printing phase, the present embodiment controls the printing effect by adjusting the electric field strength, the print head temperature, and the initial speed when it is ejected from the print head in real time.

[0078] In one embodiment, during the printing stage, the printing parameters are further optimized, and the optimization of the printing parameters includes the following steps:

[0079] Calculate the printing parameters during the printing phase using the parameter optimization model;

[0080] Execute the printing process according to the printing parameters;

[0081] Monitor the real-time printing parameters during the printing process and obtain the printing parameter deviation;

[0082] Adjust the printing parameters in real time during the printing phase according to the deviation of the printing parameters;

[0083] Printing parameters include electric field strength, printhead temperature, and the initial velocity of the printed material as it exits the printhead. Optimizing these parameters during the printing phase ensures the printing process is executed within the specified path, allowing for timely correction of printing deviations and improving print quality.

[0084] Furthermore, the parameter optimization model in this embodiment can calculate and output the optimal combination of printing parameters based on the input conditions. The input conditions include but are not limited to the physical parameters of the printing material, printing requirements, and environmental parameters. Among them, the physical parameters of the printing material include viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity, and the printing requirements include printing accuracy and printing speed.

[0085] For ease of understanding, the objective function of the parameter optimization model is given in this embodiment. The objective function is used to describe the relationship between the printing accuracy and the electric field intensity, the temperature of the print head, and the initial speed of the printed material ejected from the print head. It can be expressed as:

[0086] f(E,T,v0)=w1·E+w2·T p +w3·v0+b (7)

[0087] Among them, w1, w2, and w3 represent weight coefficients, E represents the electric field strength between the print head and the collecting plate, w1 represents the influence of the electric field strength on the printing accuracy, and T p represents the temperature of the print head, w2 represents the influence of the temperature of the print head on the printing accuracy, v0 represents the initial speed of the printing material ejected from the print head, w3 represents the influence of the initial speed of the printing material ejected from the print head on the printing accuracy, and b is a constant term, which represents the influence of environmental parameters on the printing accuracy.

[0088] This embodiment has the following constraints on the electric field intensity, the temperature of the print head, and the initial speed of the printing material ejected from the print head:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, the value of the electric field strength E must satisfy E min ~E max Within the range; the temperature of the print head T p The value must satisfy T min ~T maxThe initial velocity v0 of the printing material ejected from the print head must be within the range of v 0min ~v omax The optimization range is ensured by further constraining the value range of the electric field intensity, the temperature of the print head, and the initial speed of the printing material ejected from the print head.

[0091] In one embodiment, during the optimization of printing parameters, a multi-factor comprehensive optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal combination of printing parameters in the aforementioned printing parameter optimization process. First, a parameter optimization model is established; then, a search range and constraints are determined based on input conditions; within the search range, the optimal combination of printing parameters is searched; and finally, the optimal combination of printing parameters is output. The search range refers to the range of values ​​for each printing parameter during the printing parameter optimization process.

[0092] When adjusting the printing parameters in real time during the printing phase based on the printing parameter deviation, it is necessary to determine whether the real-time value of the printing parameter deviates from the set value. If no deviation occurs, the printing parameters do not need to be updated. If a deviation occurs, the printing parameters need to be updated. Updating the printing parameters includes directly adjusting the printing parameters and recalculating and optimizing the printing parameters.

[0093] If the deviation of the printing parameters is small and the optimal printing parameters are known to be robust to small changes, you can choose to update the printing parameters by directly adjusting the printing parameters.

[0094] If the printing parameters deviate greatly, or the printing environment, such as temperature and humidity, changes significantly, causing the original printing parameters to no longer be applicable, then it is necessary to restart the multi-factor comprehensive optimization algorithm and re-search for the optimal combination of printing parameters based on the new input conditions. In other words, the printing parameter combination is updated by recalculating the optimized printing parameters.

[0095] In one embodiment, after the printing stage, the printed sample is further post-processed, wherein the post-processing of the printed sample includes drying and curing the printed sample to improve the stability and durability of the sample.

[0096] Furthermore, in this example embodiment, an electro-fluid printing system based on thermoelectric coupling is also provided, including a print head 100, a collection plate, an electrode module 200, and a thermoelectric coupling module 300; wherein, the print head 100 is used to spray printing materials; the collection plate is used to collect the printing materials sprayed by the print head 100; the electrode module 200 includes two electrodes respectively arranged on the print head 100 and the collection plate, and the electrode module 200 is configured to form an electric field between the print head 100 and the collection plate; the thermoelectric coupling module 300 is electrically connected to the print head 100 and the electrode module 200, respectively, for regulating the temperature of the print head 100 and the temperature of the electrode module 200.

[0097] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the ejection amount of the printing material is precisely controlled by the print head 100, the printing material printed by the print head 100 is collected by the collecting plate, and an electric field is formed between the print head 100 and the collecting plate by the two electrodes of the electrode module 200, so that the printing material ejected from the print head 100 flies to the collecting plate under the action of the electric field force. The temperature of the print head 100 and the temperature of the electrode module 200 are regulated by the thermoelectric coupling module 300. By controlling the temperature of the print head 100, the physical parameters of the printing material such as viscosity, surface tension and conductivity can be adjusted, so that the printing material is in the best printing state during the entire printing process. By controlling the temperature of the electrode module 200, the uneven charge distribution on the electrode surface is reduced, the electric field stability is improved, and the electric field is optimized, which is beneficial to improving the printing quality.

[0098] In one embodiment, the thermoelectric coupling-based electrohydrodynamic printing system further includes a control module 400, which is electrically connected to the thermoelectric coupling module 300 and the electrode module 200, and is configured to control the output power of the thermoelectric coupling module 300 and the voltage of the electrode module 200. The control module 400 cooperates with the thermoelectric coupling module 300 to achieve temperature control of the print head 100 and the electrode module 200, and the control module 400 cooperates with the electrode module 200 to achieve voltage control between the two electrodes of the electrode module 200, thereby regulating the electric field strength between the print head 100 and the collector plate.

[0099] In one embodiment, the electro-fluid printing system based on thermoelectric coupling also includes a material supply module 500 and a substrate processing module 600. The material supply module 500 is used to store printing materials and transport printing materials to the print head 100 so that the print head 100 can eject printing materials; the substrate processing module 600 is electrically connected to the control module 400 and is used to preheat the printing materials in the material supply module 500 to regulate the physical parameters of the printing materials before printing, so that the printing materials reach the optimal printing state.

[0100] Optionally, the control module 400 may include components such as a power controller, a voltage controller, and a data processor to implement the aforementioned control functions for the thermoelectric coupling module 300, the electrode module 200, and the substrate processing module 600. The control module 400 in this embodiment may also include some conventional components in the field of controller technology to ensure the normal operation of the thermoelectric coupling-based electrohydrodynamic printing system, but this embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0101] Optionally, the thermoelectric coupling module 300 includes a temperature controller and a thermocouple and a heating element electrically connected to the temperature controller. The thermocouple is used to detect the temperature of the print head 100 and the electrode module 200, and can transmit the monitored data to the temperature controller. Under the control of the temperature controller, the heating element is used to heat the print head 100 and the electrode module 200.

[0102] It should be noted that the data and signal transmission between the components of the electrohydrodynamic printing system based on thermoelectric coupling in this embodiment can be through wired or wireless connection, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0103] Optionally, the print head 100 is made of a copper conductor material and has tiny nozzles for precisely controlling the ejection of the printed material. The number, shape, and size of the nozzles on the print head 100 are set based on the requirements for printing accuracy and speed, and are not limited in this embodiment. The collection plate is made of aluminum and is used to collect the printed material pattern. The material selection and dimensional parameters of the print head and collection plate are shown in Table 1 below:

[0104] Table 1 Material selection and size parameters of the print head and collector plate

[0105] Structure Name Structural materials Thickness / mm Diameter / mm Print head Copper conductor 12.00 Collection Plate Aluminum 0.2

[0106] In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present disclosure.

[0107] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the present disclosure, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0108] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure based on specific circumstances.

[0109] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0110] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electro-fluid printing method based on thermoelectric coupling, characterized in that: Including the preparation stage, the initial electric field formation stage and the printing stage, During the preparation stage, the temperature of the printing material is controlled to be maintained within a set temperature range; In the initial electric field forming stage, an initial electric field is formed between the printing head and the collecting plate through the electrode module according to the printing requirements and the physical parameters of the printing material; During the printing phase, the movement speed, temperature and spray volume of the printing head are controlled, and the electric field strength between the printing head and the collecting plate is adjusted in real time according to the printing requirements and the temperature of the printed material; During the initial electric field formation stage and the printing stage, the temperature of the electrode module is controlled by a thermoelectric coupling module to optimize the electric field between the printing head and the collecting plate; During the printing stage, the printing parameters are further optimized, and the optimization of the printing parameters includes the following steps: Calculate the printing parameters during the printing phase using the parameter optimization model; Execute the printing process according to the printing parameters; monitoring the real-time printing parameters during the printing process to obtain a printing parameter deviation; Adjusting the printing parameters in real time during the printing phase according to the printing parameter deviation; The printing parameters include electric field strength, print head temperature, and initial speed of the printing material when it is ejected from the print head; The parameter optimization model calculates and outputs the optimal combination of printing parameters based on input conditions, wherein the input conditions include physical parameters of the printing material, printing requirements, and environmental parameters, and the printing requirements include printing accuracy and printing speed; The physical parameters of the printing material include viscosity, surface tension and conductivity.

2. The electrohydrodynamic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode module includes two electrodes, which are respectively provided on the printing head and the collecting plate. The step of adjusting the electric field strength between the printing head and the collecting plate includes the following steps: The voltage and / or distance between the two electrodes of the electrode module are adjusted.

3. The electrohydrodynamic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the initial electric field formation stage, the initial voltage of the initial electric field is: （1） in, represents the initial voltage, d represents the distance between the print head and the collecting plate, L represents the length of the nozzle on the print head, and R represents the inner diameter of the nozzle on the print head. Indicates the surface tension of the printing material.

4. The electrohydrodynamic printing method based on thermoelectric coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the printing stage, the printed sample is post-processed.

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