A method and device for observing sediment content by layers based on density difference

Abstract

The invention discloses a density difference-based sediment content stratified observation method and device. The method comprises: running a water level meter and recording the tide level in real time, running a sensor, turning a rotary knob to connect a coil with an electric wire, observing the pressure difference on the i-th sealing box, i∈[1, N], and not observing the remaining i-1 measuring points, obtaining the clear and turbid water pressure difference from a piston to a water surface through a sensor and an electronic balance, obtaining the clear and turbid water pressure difference between an upper and lower water layer through processing by the sensor and the electronic balance, and calculating the stratified sediment content and the suspended sediment transport rate. The invention adopts the sediment content stratified observation method and device with the above structure, which can reduce costs, improve efficiency and increase measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hydrological testing, and in particular to a density difference-based sediment content stratification observation method and device. Background Art

[0002] The sediment in natural rivers is all non-uniform sand. The vertical distribution of suspended sediment content and gradation is an important topic in the study of river dynamics and sediment movement. In many hydrological stations in my country, the single-point depth accumulation method is often used to take samples and then analyze and calculate the sediment content. Due to the limitations of sampling devices and observation facilities, it is difficult to achieve a more intuitive measurement of multi-point sediment content. Moreover, this traditional method mainly relies on survey ships to reach the survey vertical line for sampling, which consumes manpower and material resources and has safety risks. Due to the limitations of local water depth, river width and hydraulic structures, some basin hydrological stations use hydrological cableways for measurement. However, this method obtains the average sediment content of the vertical line, and it is difficult to measure the sediment content at a single point. Therefore, there is a lack of a more intuitive and convenient test method for the multi-point sediment content of the vertical line in the basin. Summary of the invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a stratified observation method for sediment content based on density difference, which solves the problem of intuitively detecting sediment content at multiple points on a vertical line.

[0004] The above-mentioned observation method of the sand content layered observation device based on density difference comprises the following steps:

[0005] Step S1: Run the water level meter and record the tide level in real time , operate the sensor, turn the knob to connect the coil to the wire, observe the pressure difference on the i-th sealing box, i∈[1,N], and do not observe the remaining i-1 measuring points;

[0006] Step S2: Obtain the pressure difference between the clear water and the turbid water surface from the piston via the sensor and the electronic balance ;

[0007] Step S3: Obtain the pressure difference between the clear and turbid water layers of the upper and lower water layers through the sensor and electronic balance ;

[0008] Step S4: Calculate the stratified sediment content and suspended sediment transport rate.

[0009] Preferably, the expression for the pressure difference between the clear and turbid water from the piston to the water surface in step S2 is:

[0010] ;

[0011] in, is the density of sediment, is the density of pure water, The vertical distance from the piston to the water surface, is the pressure difference between the clear water and the turbid water from the piston to the water surface, For water depth, , The water depth at low tide.

[0012] Preferably, the expression for the pressure difference between the clear and turbid water in step S3 is:

[0013] .

[0014] Preferably, the expression for calculating the layered sand content in step S4 is:

[0015] ;

[0016] Among them, the expression of the sand content distribution curve is:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, Distance from bed The suspended matter concentration at is the bed surface roughness, is the probability of sediment being suspended upward, is the Karman constant.

[0019] Preferably, the expression for calculating the suspended sediment transport rate in step S4 is:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, is the flow rate.

[0022] Another object of the present application is to provide a sediment content layered observation device based on density difference, comprising a support mechanism, a water inlet mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the water inlet mechanism is arranged inside the support mechanism, and the detection mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the support mechanism;

[0023] The support mechanism comprises a support frame, a stainless steel pipe and a fixing frame, wherein the stainless steel pipe is welded to the bottom surface of the support frame, and the fixing frame is fixed to the top of the stainless steel pipe;

[0024] The detection mechanism comprises a balance, a turntable and a plurality of sealing boxes. The balance is fixed on the fixing frame. A weight plate is arranged at one end of the balance, and the turntable is connected to the other end.

[0025] Preferably, a plurality of stainless steel branch pipes are welded to the side of the stainless steel pipe, and a clean water hose is arranged inside the stainless steel pipe and the stainless steel branch pipe. One end of the clean water hose is in close contact with the sealing box, and the other end is connected to a buoy. The length of the clean water hose is , The maximum water depth in the area.

[0026] Preferably, the turntable is provided with a plurality of through holes, electric wires are passed through the through holes, a rotating knob is provided in the middle of the turntable, the rotating knob is connected to a first coil, and the first coil can be connected to the electric wires.

[0027] Preferably, the sealing box is cylindrical, with an opening provided on the side of the sealing box, the opening being fixedly connected to the stainless steel branch pipe, a piston and a pressure sensor being provided inside the sealing box, the pressure sensor being provided on the bottom surface of the piston, the pressure sensor being connected to a second coil, and the second coil being connected to an electric wire.

[0028] Preferably, a water level meter is also provided on the fixing frame.

[0029] The advantages and positive effects of the sand content layered observation method and device based on density difference described in the present invention are:

[0030] (1) The density difference-based sediment content layered observation device provided by the present invention is provided with a plurality of sealed boxes to synchronously complete the collection of layered sediment content at different water depths of the vertical line. Single data collection takes only a few seconds, and the efficiency is high;

[0031] (2) The data collection of the sediment content stratification observation device based on density difference provided by the present invention is completed directly through the observation device, and the operator does not need to enter the water, which greatly reduces the measurement cost;

[0032] (3) In the layered observation method of sediment content based on density difference provided by the present invention, the observation of sediment content is realized based on density difference in the processing step, and the measurement accuracy is improved;

[0033] (4) The layered observation method of sediment content based on density difference provided by the present invention combines the layered observation of sediment content with the layered flow velocity to obtain synchronous data of single-width sediment transport rate, filling the gap at home and abroad.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a front view of a sand content layered observation device based on density difference of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A top view of a sand content layered observation device based on density difference according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a sealing box of a sand content layered observation device based on density difference of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4This is a structural diagram of a turntable of a sediment content layered observation device based on density difference according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for observing sediment content by stratification based on density difference.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 2. Stainless steel pipe; 21. Stainless steel branch pipe; 3. Fixed frame; 4. Balance; 401. Weight plate; 5. Turntable; 6. Sealing box; 601. Piston; 602. Pressure sensor; 7. Clean water hose; 8. Float; 9. Electric wire; 10. Rotating knob; 11. First coil; 12. Second coil; 13. Water level meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0043] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the present application, its application, or uses.

[0044] Technologies, methods, and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0045] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, a method for observing sediment content in layers based on density difference comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step S1: Run the water level meter 13 and record the tide level in real time , run the sensor, turn the rotary knob 10 to connect the coil to the wire 9, observe the pressure difference on the i-th sealing box 6, i∈[1,N], and do not observe the remaining i-1 measuring points.

[0049] Step S2: Obtain the pressure difference between the piston 601 and the water surface through the sensor and the electronic balance 4 , the expression of the pressure difference between the piston 601 and the clear and turbid water on the water surface in step S2 is: .

[0050] in, is the density of sediment, is the density of pure water, The vertical distance from the piston to the water surface, is the pressure difference between the piston 601 and the water surface, For water depth, , The water depth at low tide.

[0051] Step S3: The pressure difference between the clear and turbid water layers in the upper and lower water layers is obtained by processing with the sensor and the electronic balance 4. .

[0052] The expression for the pressure difference of clear and turbid water between the upper and lower water layers in step S3 is: .

[0053] Step S4: Calculate the stratified sediment content and suspended sediment transport rate.

[0054] The expression for calculating the layered sand content in step S5 is:

[0055] .

[0056] Among them, the expression of the sand content distribution curve is: .

[0057] in, Distance from bed The suspended matter concentration, is the bed surface roughness, is the probability of sediment being suspended upward, is the Karman constant.

[0058] The expression for calculating the suspended sediment transport rate in step S5 is: .

[0059] in, is the flow rate.

[0060] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a density difference-based sediment content stratification observation device, including a supporting mechanism, a water inlet mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the water inlet mechanism is arranged inside the supporting mechanism, and the detection mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the supporting mechanism.

[0061] The support mechanism includes a support frame, a stainless steel pipe 2 and a fixing frame 3. The stainless steel pipe 2 is welded to the bottom surface of the support frame. The fixing frame 3 is fixed to the top of the stainless steel pipe 2. A water level meter 13 is also arranged on the fixing frame 3.

[0062] A plurality of stainless steel branch pipes 21 are welded to the side of the stainless steel pipe 2. A clean water hose 7 is arranged inside the stainless steel pipe 2 and the stainless steel branch pipe 21. One end of the clean water hose 7 is in close contact with the sealing box 6, and the other end is connected to the buoy 8. The length of the clean water hose 7 is , The buoy 8 is arranged within the range of the measuring frame, and the lower end is connected to the clear water leather pipe 7 so that it is suspended above the water surface, ensuring that the water level in the clear water leather pipe 7 is flush with the water surface outside the stainless steel pipe 2.

[0063] The detection mechanism comprises a balance 4, a turntable 5 and a plurality of sealed boxes 6. The balance 4 is fixed on the fixed frame 3. A weight plate is arranged at one end of the balance 4, and the turntable 5 is connected to the other end.

[0064] The turntable 5 is provided with a plurality of through holes, and wires 9 are passed through the through holes. A rotating knob 10 is provided in the middle of the turntable 5, and the rotating knob 10 is connected to a first coil 11. The first coil 11 can be connected to the wires 9, and the wires 9 are connected to the first coil 11 to transmit a pressure signal.

[0065] The sealing box 6 is cylindrical, and an opening is provided on the side of the sealing box 6, and the opening is fixedly connected to the stainless steel branch pipe 21. A piston 601 and a pressure sensor 602 are provided inside the sealing box 6. The pressure sensor 602 is provided on the bottom surface of the piston 601, and the pressure sensor 602 is connected to the second coil 12, and the second coil 12 is connected to the wire 9. The piston 601 can move up and down, and its upper part is connected to the muddy water. The lower part of the second coil is sealed, and the side opening is connected to the clean water hose 7. The upper muddy water is separated from the lower clean water by the piston 601. The piston 601 contains a pressure sensor 602, which can detect the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the piston 601.

[0066] The sealing boxes 6 are evenly distributed in the circle projected by the turntable 5, and the projection angles between adjacent sealing boxes 6 are The sealing box 6 is evenly distributed in a spiral shape in space In the water body, the vertical distance between adjacent sealing boxes 6 is ,make .

[0067] During use, the piston 601 can move up and down in the sealing box 6. The upper surface is connected to the muddy water to receive the muddy water pressure signal from the piston 601 to the water surface, and the lower surface is connected to the clean water to receive the pressure signal from the clean water. The pressure difference from the piston 601 to the water surface is obtained through processing by the sensor and the balance 4.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stratified observation method for sediment content based on density difference, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Run the water level meter and record the tide level in real time , operate the sensor, turn the knob to connect the coil to the wire, observe the pressure difference on the i-th sealing box, i∈[1,N], and do not observe the remaining i-1 measuring points; Step S2: Obtain the pressure difference between the clear water and the turbid water surface from the piston via the sensor and the electronic balance ; Step S3: Obtain the pressure difference between the clear and turbid water layers of the upper and lower water layers through the sensor and electronic balance ; Step S4: Calculate the layered sediment content and suspended sediment transport rate; The method adopts a density difference-based sediment content stratification observation device, comprising: a support mechanism, a water inlet mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the water inlet mechanism is arranged inside the support mechanism, and the detection mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the support mechanism; The support mechanism comprises a support frame, a stainless steel pipe and a fixing frame, wherein the stainless steel pipe is welded to the bottom surface of the support frame, and the fixing frame is fixed to the top of the stainless steel pipe; The detection mechanism includes a balance, a turntable and a plurality of sealed boxes. The balance is fixed on the fixed frame. A weight plate is arranged at one end of the balance, and a turntable is connected to the other end. A plurality of stainless steel branch pipes are welded on the side of the stainless steel pipe. A clean water hose is arranged inside the stainless steel pipe and the stainless steel branch pipe. One end of the clean water hose is in close contact with the sealing box, and the other end is connected to a buoy. , is the maximum water depth in the area; The turntable is provided with a plurality of through holes, and wires are passed through the through holes. A rotating knob is provided in the middle of the turntable, and the rotating knob is connected to a first coil, and the first coil can be connected to the wires. The sealing box is cylindrical, and an opening is provided on the side of the sealing box, and the opening is fixedly connected to the stainless steel branch pipe. A piston and a pressure sensor are provided inside the sealing box, and the pressure sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the piston. The pressure sensor is connected to a second coil, and the second coil is connected to an electric wire; The fixing frame is also provided with a water level meter.

2. The method for observing sediment content by stratification based on density difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the pressure difference between the clear water and the turbid water surface from the piston in step S2 is: ； in, is the density of sediment, is the density of pure water, is the vertical distance from the piston to the water surface, is the pressure difference between the clear water and the turbid water from the piston to the water surface, For water depth, , The water depth at low tide.

3. The method for observing sediment content by stratification based on density difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression for the pressure difference of clear and turbid water between the upper and lower water layers in step S3 is: 。 4. The method for observing sediment content by stratification based on density difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression for calculating the layered sand content in step S4 is: ； Among them, the expression of the sediment content distribution curve is: ； in, Distance from bed The suspended matter concentration at is the bed surface roughness, is the probability of sediment being suspended upward, is the Karman constant.

5. The method for observing sediment content by stratification based on density difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression for calculating the suspended sediment transport rate in step S4 is: ； in, is the flow rate.

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