A self-powered wireless sensor node and system

Abstract

The present invention provides a self-powered wireless sensor node and system, which relate to the field of wireless sensor technology, wherein the self-powered wireless sensor node comprises: a power generation module for generating electric energy according to spatial variable information; an energy storage module connected to the power generation module, for receiving and storing the electric energy sent by the power generation module; a switch module connected to the wireless sensor node and the energy storage module respectively, for controlling the energy storage module to supply power to the wireless sensor node; the wireless sensor node is wirelessly connected to a master control end, and a corresponding frequency signal generated by a detection amount of a spatial environment is transmitted to the master control end, so that the master control end performs calculation according to the received frequency signal to obtain the detection amount of the wireless sensor node. This scheme realizes self-power supply of the wireless sensor node, overcomes the defects of low resource utilization rate of battery power supply or external energy power supply, and working time is limited by energy supply, and meets the equipment's requirements for lightweight, intelligent, and efficient resource utilization of sensor nodes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensors, and in particular to a self-powered wireless sensor node and system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the Internet of Things and intelligent unmanned platforms, the demand for sensor nodes is increasing.

[0003] In the prior art, sensors are often powered by batteries or external energy sources. However, battery power or external energy power has low resource utilization, and the working time is limited by energy supply, which cannot meet the future equipment's demand for lightweight, intelligent, and efficient resource utilization.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve self-powering of wireless sensor nodes to replace battery power supply or external energy power supply in existing technologies is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a self-powered wireless sensor node and system, which are used to solve the defects in the prior art that battery power supply or external energy power supply has low resource utilization and the working time is limited by energy supply.

[0006] The present invention provides a self-powered wireless sensor node, characterized in that it comprises:

[0007] A power generation module, used for generating electric energy according to spatial variable information;

[0008] An energy storage module, which is connected to the power generation module and is used to receive and store the electric energy sent by the power generation module;

[0009] A switch module, the switch module is connected to the wireless sensor node and the energy storage module respectively, and is used to control the energy storage module to supply power to the wireless sensor node;

[0010] The wireless sensor node is wirelessly connected to the master control end, and generates a corresponding frequency signal for the detection amount of the space environment and transmits it to the master control end, so that the master control end calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the detection amount of the wireless sensor node.

[0011] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the wireless sensor node comprises:

[0012] A sensor, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is connected to a first input end of an analog amplifier, wherein the sensor generates a primary voltage according to a detection amount of a space environment, and inputs the primary voltage to the analog amplifier;

[0013] an analog amplifier, wherein a second input terminal of the analog amplifier is connected to an output terminal via an adjusting resistor, an output terminal of the analog amplifier is connected to an input terminal of a voltage-controlled oscillator, the analog amplifier generates a tuning voltage according to the primary voltage and the adjusting resistor, and outputs the tuning voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator;

[0014] A voltage-controlled oscillator, wherein the voltage-controlled oscillator generates a frequency signal according to the tuning voltage, and an output end of the voltage-controlled oscillator is connected to a matching antenna, and is used to radiate the frequency signal into space through the matching antenna, and receive the frequency signal by a broadband antenna of a master control end, so that the master control end performs calculation according to the received frequency signal to obtain an equivalent resistance value of a corresponding sensor node, and obtains a detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node;

[0015] The sensor, the analog amplifier and the voltage-controlled oscillator are all connected to the switch module.

[0016] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the power generation module is a vibration power generation sheet or a temperature difference power generation device, wherein the vibration power generation sheet uses mechanical vibration as spatial variable information, and the temperature difference power generation device uses temperature difference as spatial variable information.

[0017] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the energy storage module includes: a low barrier Schottky diode and a capacitor group;

[0018] The low barrier Schottky diode is connected between the power generation module and the capacitor group, and is used to achieve unidirectional conduction between the power generation module and the energy storage module;

[0019] The capacitor group includes a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel and is used to store the electric energy generated by the power generation module.

[0020] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the switch module includes: a bias circuit, a decoupling capacitor group and a MOS tube;

[0021] The bias circuit includes a first bias resistor and a second bias resistor, one end of the first bias resistor is connected to the output end of the energy storage module, and the other end is connected to the gate of the MOS tube; one end of the second bias resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS tube, and the other end is grounded;

[0022] One end of the decoupling capacitor group is connected to the output end of the energy storage module, and the other end is grounded;

[0023] The drain of the MOS tube is connected to the decoupling capacitor group through a third resistor, and the source of the MOS tube is connected to the wireless sensor node;

[0024] When the voltage across the energy storage module reaches the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node, the MOS tube is turned on, and the energy storage module supplies power to the wireless sensor node;

[0025] When the voltage across the energy storage module is lower than the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node, the MOS tube is turned off, and the energy storage module continues to charge until the stored energy reaches the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node, and the MOS tube is turned on again to supply power.

[0026] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the regulating resistor comprises: a first regulating resistor and a second regulating resistor connected in series, the first regulating resistor is connected to the output end of the analog amplifier, and the second regulating resistor is connected to the ground;

[0027] The second input terminal of the analog amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the analog amplifier through the first adjustment resistor.

[0028] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the other end of the sensor is also connected to a matching resistor; the sensor obtains an equivalent resistance value based on the detection amount of the space environment, and the primary voltage of the sensor is obtained based on the equivalent resistance value, the resistance value of the matching resistor and the power supply voltage.

[0029] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the voltage-controlled oscillator and the matching antenna are further connected via a DC-isolating capacitor to filter the DC noise signal in the frequency signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator.

[0030] According to the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention, the detection amount of the space environment is calculated according to the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node, including:

[0031] ;

[0032] Among them, R 25 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor at room temperature; R2 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor node; A, B, C, D are sensor constants, and T is the detection value of the space environment.

[0033] The present invention also provides a self-powered wireless sensor system, the self-powered wireless sensor system comprising a master control terminal and a plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes as described above;

[0034] The plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes are connected to the master control terminal via a broadband antenna, and the frequency signals output by the plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes are isolated from each other via different bandwidths;

[0035] The master control end calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the equivalent resistance of the corresponding self-powered wireless sensor node, and obtains the detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance of the self-powered wireless sensor node.

[0036] The self-powered wireless sensor node and system provided by the present invention generate electric energy according to spatial variable information through a power generation module, and store the electric energy in an energy storage module; the energy storage module is controlled by a switch module to power the wireless sensor node, so that the wireless sensor node generates a corresponding frequency signal from the detection amount of the spatial environment and transmits it to the main control end, so that the main control end performs calculations based on the received frequency signal to obtain the detection amount of the wireless sensor node. The scheme of the present invention realizes self-powering of the wireless sensor node, overcomes the defects of low resource utilization rate of battery power supply or external energy power supply, and the working time is limited by energy supply, and meets the equipment's requirements for lightweight, intelligent and efficient resource utilization of sensor nodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the wireless sensor node provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the self-powered wireless sensor system provided by the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 101: power generation module; 102: energy storage module; 103: switch module;

[0044] 104: wireless sensor node; 201: sensor; 202: analog amplifier;

[0045] 203: voltage controlled oscillator; 204: adjustment resistor; 205: antenna; 206: DC blocking capacitor;

[0046] 301: low barrier Schottky diode; 302: capacitor group; 303: decoupling capacitor group;

[0047] 304: MOS tube; 305: first bias resistor; 306: second bias resistor;

[0048] 307: the third resistor; 401: the master control terminal; 402: the broadband antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In order to overcome the defects of low resource utilization rate of battery power supply or external energy power supply in the prior art, and the working time is limited by energy supply, the wireless sensor node of this embodiment adopts self-power supply. Figure 1-Figure 3 A self-powered wireless sensor node of the present invention is described.

[0051] See also Figure 1 The self-powered wireless sensor node of the present invention includes: a power generation module 101, an energy storage module 102, a switch module 103 and a wireless sensor node 104.

[0052] The power generation module 101 is used to generate electric energy according to the spatial variable information.

[0053] The power generation module is a vibration power generation sheet or a temperature difference power generation device, wherein the vibration power generation sheet uses mechanical vibration as spatial variable information, and the temperature difference power generation device uses temperature difference as spatial variable information.

[0054] The energy storage module 102 is connected to the power generation module 101 and is used to receive and store the electric energy sent by the power generation module 101 .

[0055] The switch module 103 is connected to the wireless sensor node 104 and the energy storage module 102 respectively, and is used to control the energy storage module 102 to supply power to the wireless sensor node 104 .

[0056] The wireless sensor node 104 is wirelessly connected to the master control end, and generates a corresponding frequency signal based on the detection amount of the space environment and transmits it to the master control end, so that the master control end calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the detection amount of the wireless sensor node 104.

[0057] The self-powered wireless sensor node provided by the present invention generates electric energy according to spatial variable information through a power generation module, and stores the electric energy in an energy storage module; the energy storage module is controlled by a switch module to power the wireless sensor node, so that the wireless sensor node generates a corresponding frequency signal from the detection amount of the spatial environment and transmits it to the main control end, so that the main control end performs calculations based on the received frequency signal to obtain the detection amount of the wireless sensor node. The scheme of the present invention realizes self-powering of the wireless sensor node, overcomes the defects of low resource utilization rate of battery power supply or external energy power supply, and the working time is limited by energy supply, and meets the equipment's requirements for lightweight, intelligent, and efficient resource utilization of sensor nodes.

[0058] Specifically, see Figure 2 , the wireless sensor node 104 includes:

[0059] The sensor 201 has one end connected to the ground and the other end connected to the first input end of the analog amplifier 202. The sensor 201 generates a primary voltage according to the detection amount of the space environment and inputs the primary voltage to the analog amplifier 202.

[0060] The sensor 201 converts the detection amount of the space environment into a voltage signal, thereby facilitating transmission.

[0061] Analog amplifier 202, the second input terminal of the analog amplifier 202 is connected to the output terminal of the analog amplifier 202 through the adjustment resistor 204, the output terminal of the analog amplifier 202 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage-controlled oscillator 203, the analog amplifier 202 generates a tuning voltage according to the primary voltage and the adjustment resistor 204, and outputs the tuning voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator 203.

[0062] A voltage-controlled oscillator 203 generates a frequency signal according to the tuning voltage. The output end of the voltage-controlled oscillator 203 is connected to a matching antenna, and is used to radiate the frequency signal into space through the matching antenna, and be received by a broadband antenna at the master control end, so that the master control end can calculate according to the received frequency signal to obtain an equivalent resistance value of the corresponding sensor node, and obtain a detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node.

[0063] Specifically, the master control end calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the equivalent resistance value of the corresponding sensor node, which is implemented by the following formula (1):

[0064] (1)

[0065] Among them, R2 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor node; R1 is the matching resistance of the sensor.

[0066] R ais the first adjustment resistor; R b is the second adjusting resistor;

[0067] f is the frequency signal received by the master control unit;

[0068] K is the tuning gain of the voltage-controlled oscillator; H is the offset;

[0069] U is the power supply voltage.

[0070] Specifically, the detection value of the space environment is calculated according to the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node, which is realized by the following formula (2):

[0071] (2)

[0072] Among them, R 25 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor at room temperature; R2 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor node; A, B, C, D are sensor constants, and T is the detection value of the space environment.

[0073] When the tuning voltage V of the voltage controlled oscillator 203 changes, the frequency signal output by the voltage controlled oscillator 203 will change, and the output frequency signal is f=kV+H, where k is the tuning gain of the voltage controlled oscillator 203 and H is the offset.

[0074] The sensor 201 , the analog amplifier 202 and the voltage-controlled oscillator 203 are all connected to the switch module 103 .

[0075] See also Figure 2 The other end of the sensor 201 is also connected to a matching resistor R1; the matching resistor R1 can be used to divide the output voltage of the sensor 201 to provide voltage protection for the sensing node.

[0076] The sensor 201 obtains an equivalent resistance R2 according to the detection amount of the space environment, and obtains the primary voltage U of the sensor according to the equivalent resistance R2, the resistance R1 of the matching resistor and the power supply voltage U. R2 .

[0077] Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula: R2 =UR2 / (R1+R2). It can be seen from this formula that the matching resistor R1 can play a role in dividing the voltage of the sensor.

[0078] The equivalent resistance R2 of the sensor 201 will change with the change of the space environment detection quantity, thus causing the input voltage U R2 The change is ΔU R2 =(UΔR2) / (R1+ΔR2).

[0079] Also, see Figure 2The regulating resistor 204 includes: a first regulating resistor R a and the second adjustment resistor R b , the first adjustment resistor R a Connected to the output terminal of the analog amplifier 202, the second adjustment resistor R b Connect to ground.

[0080] The second input terminal of the analog amplifier 202 is connected to the first adjusting resistor R a Connected to the output terminal of the analog amplifier 202. a and the second adjustment resistor R b The ratio of and the primary voltage are calculated to obtain the tuning voltage.

[0081] Specifically, the analog amplifier 202 converts the input voltage U R2 Converted into the tuning voltage V of the voltage-controlled oscillator 203, that is, V=U R2 (1+R a / R b ).

[0082] Furthermore, the voltage controlled oscillator 203 and the antenna 205 are connected via a DC blocking capacitor 206 to filter the DC noise signal in the frequency signal of the voltage controlled oscillator 203 .

[0083] The wireless sensing system provided by the present invention receives the frequency signal sent by the sensor node through the master control end, and calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the equivalent resistance value of the corresponding sensor node, and obtains the detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node, thereby realizing wireless transmission from the sensor end to the master control end.

[0084] In the prior art, sensors are often connected to the master control terminal by wire, which limits the expansion of sensor nodes to a certain extent, and the wired connection method increases the complexity and cost of the system. The wireless sensing system of the present invention uses wireless transmission to achieve transmission from the sensor terminal to the master control terminal, which can effectively expand the sensor nodes, reduce cables, and reduce the complexity and cost of the system.

[0085] The power generation module 101, the energy storage module 102, and the switch module 103 of the present application are described in detail below.

[0086] See also Figure 3The core components of the power generation module 101 are thermoelectric power generation devices. The hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device is placed at the heat source of the platform, including but not limited to high-temperature and high-heat devices or modules such as engines, radio frequency power amplifiers, and processors. The cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device is placed at the cold source of the platform, including but not limited to air vents, low-temperature refrigeration devices, and normal temperature environment contact surfaces. The thermoelectric power generation device uses the temperature difference collected by the hot end and the cold end to drive the semiconductor material to convert into electrical energy, and then charge the subsequent energy storage module 102.

[0087] See also Figure 3 The energy storage module 102 includes a low barrier Schottky diode 301 and a capacitor group 302 .

[0088] The low barrier Schottky diode 301 is connected between the power generation module 101 and the capacitor group 302 to achieve unidirectional conduction between the power generation module 101 and the energy storage module 102 .

[0089] The low barrier Schottky diode 301 is used to achieve unidirectional conduction between the power generation module 101 and the energy storage module 102. Its reverse conduction voltage is high, which can prevent the energy storage module from backflowing when the temperature difference power generation energy is low, and ensure that the energy is continuously accumulated in the capacitor group 302. n ) is used to store the electric energy generated by the power generation module 101, and the number of parallel capacitors of the capacitor group 302 can be adjusted according to the power generation.

[0090] The capacitor bank 302 includes a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel and is used to store the electric energy generated by the power generation module 101 .

[0091] See also Figure 3 The switch module 103 includes: a bias circuit, a decoupling capacitor group 303 and a MOS tube 304.

[0092] The bias circuit includes a first bias resistor 305 and a second bias resistor 306. One end of the first bias resistor 305 is connected to the output end of the energy storage module 102, and the other end is connected to the gate of the MOS tube 304; one end of the second bias resistor 306 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube 304, and the other end is grounded. GS The pressure difference between the two ends is U GS =UR2 / (R1+R2), R1 is the first bias resistor 305, R2 is the second bias resistor 306, and U is the power supply voltage.

[0093] One end of the decoupling capacitor group 303 is connected to the output end of the energy storage module 102 , and the other end is grounded, so as to filter out the noise of the energy storage module 102 and the switch module 103 and improve the stability of the output voltage.

[0094] The drain electrode D of the MOS transistor 304 is connected to the decoupling capacitor group 303 via the third resistor 307 , and the source electrode S of the MOS transistor 304 is connected to the wireless sensor node 104 .

[0095] When the voltage across the energy storage module 102 reaches the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node 104, the U GS and U DS The MOS tube 304 is controlled to be turned on, and the wireless sensor node 104 is powered by the energy storage module 102 .

[0096] When the voltage across the energy storage module 102 is lower than the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node 104, GS and U DS The MOS tube 304 is controlled to be turned off, and the energy storage module 102 continues to charge until the stored energy reaches the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node 104, and then the MOS tube 304 is turned on again to supply power.

[0097] Traditional sensors often use digital acquisition circuits, which increases the power consumption and complexity of the sensor system. The present invention uses a full analog method to transmit the acquired spatial information to the master control unit without the need for digital acquisition circuits, thus reducing the complexity and power consumption of the sensor.

[0098] The self-powered wireless sensor system provided by the present invention is described below. The self-powered wireless sensor system described below and the self-powered wireless sensor node described above can be referenced to each other.

[0099] The present invention discloses a self-powered wireless sensor system, see Figure 4 The self-powered wireless sensor system includes a master control terminal 401 and a plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes as described above.

[0100] The plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes are connected to the master control terminal 401 via a broadband antenna 402, and the frequency signals output by the plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes are isolated from each other by different bandwidths.

[0101] The master control terminal 401 calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the equivalent resistance of the corresponding self-powered wireless sensor node, and obtains the detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance of the self-powered wireless sensor node.

[0102] For example, assuming that the bandwidth of the broadband antenna at the master control end is f1=1GHz, the bandwidth of each node antenna is f2=10MHz, and the protection bandwidth between nodes is Δf=1MHz, the number of nodes that can be supported is n=(f1+Δf) / (f2+Δf)≈91.

[0103] The wireless sensor system provided by the present invention realizes self-power supply of wireless sensor nodes, overcomes the defects of low resource utilization rate and working time limited by energy supply when powered by batteries or external energy, and meets the equipment's requirements for lightweight, intelligent and efficient resource utilization of sensor nodes.

[0104] Secondly, the wireless sensing system provided by the present invention receives the frequency signal sent by the sensor node through the master control end, and calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the equivalent resistance of the corresponding sensor node, and obtains the detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance of the sensor node, thereby realizing wireless transmission from the sensor end to the master control end.

[0105] The wireless sensing system provided by the present invention uses wireless transmission to achieve transmission from the sensor end to the master control end, which can effectively expand the sensor nodes, while reducing cables, and reducing the complexity and cost of the system.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered wireless sensor node, characterized in that: include: A power generation module, used for generating electric energy according to spatial variable information; An energy storage module, which is connected to the power generation module and is used to receive and store the electric energy sent by the power generation module; A switch module, the switch module is connected to the wireless sensor node and the energy storage module respectively, and is used to control the energy storage module to supply power to the wireless sensor node; The wireless sensor node is wirelessly connected to the master control end, and generates a corresponding frequency signal based on the detection amount of the space environment and transmits it to the master control end, so that the master control end performs calculation based on the received frequency signal to obtain the detection amount of the wireless sensor node; The wireless sensor node comprises: A sensor, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is connected to a first input end of an analog amplifier, wherein the sensor generates a primary voltage according to a detection amount of a space environment, and inputs the primary voltage to the analog amplifier; an analog amplifier, wherein a second input terminal of the analog amplifier is connected to an output terminal via an adjusting resistor, an output terminal of the analog amplifier is connected to an input terminal of a voltage-controlled oscillator, the analog amplifier generates a tuning voltage according to the primary voltage and the adjusting resistor, and outputs the tuning voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator; A voltage-controlled oscillator, wherein the voltage-controlled oscillator generates a frequency signal according to the tuning voltage, and an output end of the voltage-controlled oscillator is connected to a matching antenna, and is used to radiate the frequency signal into space through the matching antenna, and receive the frequency signal by a broadband antenna of a master control end, so that the master control end performs calculation according to the received frequency signal to obtain an equivalent resistance value of a corresponding sensor node, and obtains a detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node; The sensor, the analog amplifier and the voltage-controlled oscillator are all connected to the switch module; The detection amount of the space environment is obtained by calculating the equivalent resistance value of the sensor node, including: ； Among them, R 25 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor at room temperature; R2 is the equivalent resistance of the sensor node; A, B, C, D are sensor constants, and T is the detection value of the space environment.

2. The self-powered wireless sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation module is a vibration power generation sheet or a temperature difference power generation device, wherein the vibration power generation sheet uses mechanical vibration as spatial variable information, and the temperature difference power generation device uses temperature difference as spatial variable information.

3. The self-powered wireless sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage module includes: a low barrier Schottky diode and a capacitor group; The low barrier Schottky diode is connected between the power generation module and the capacitor group, and is used to achieve unidirectional conduction between the power generation module and the energy storage module; The capacitor group includes a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel and is used to store the electric energy generated by the power generation module.

4. The self-powered wireless sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch module includes: a bias circuit, a decoupling capacitor group and a MOS tube; The bias circuit includes a first bias resistor and a second bias resistor, one end of the first bias resistor is connected to the output end of the energy storage module, and the other end is connected to the gate of the MOS tube; one end of the second bias resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS tube, and the other end is grounded; One end of the decoupling capacitor group is connected to the output end of the energy storage module, and the other end is grounded; The drain of the MOS tube is connected to the decoupling capacitor group through a third resistor, and the source of the MOS tube is connected to the wireless sensor node; When the voltage across the energy storage module reaches the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node, the MOS tube is turned on, and the energy storage module supplies power to the wireless sensor node; When the voltage across the energy storage module is lower than the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node, the MOS tube is turned off, and the energy storage module continues to charge until the stored energy reaches the voltage required for the operation of the wireless sensor node, and the MOS tube is turned on again to supply power.

5. The self-powered wireless sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating resistor comprises: a first regulating resistor and a second regulating resistor connected in series, the first regulating resistor is connected to the output end of the analog amplifier, and the second regulating resistor is connected to the ground; The second input terminal of the analog amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the analog amplifier through the first adjustment resistor.

6. The self-powered wireless sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the sensor is also connected to a matching resistor; The sensor obtains an equivalent resistance value according to the detection amount of the space environment, and obtains the primary voltage of the sensor according to the equivalent resistance value, the resistance value of the matching resistor and the power supply voltage.

7. The self-powered wireless sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage-controlled oscillator and the matching antenna are also connected via a DC-isolating capacitor to filter the DC noise signal in the frequency signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator.

8. A self-powered wireless sensor system, characterized in that: The self-powered wireless sensor system comprises a master control terminal and a plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes are connected to the master control terminal via a broadband antenna, and the frequency signals output by the plurality of self-powered wireless sensor nodes are isolated from each other via different bandwidths; The master control end calculates according to the received frequency signal to obtain the equivalent resistance of the corresponding self-powered wireless sensor node, and obtains the detection amount of the space environment according to the equivalent resistance of the self-powered wireless sensor node.

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