A method for efficiently cultivating rubber tree rootstock seedlings

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and relates to a method for efficiently cultivating rubber tree stock seedlings. The present invention classifies rubber tree stock seeds according to 100-grain weight before sowing; sows the rubber tree stock seeds after classification, pulls out the stock seedlings whose leaflets are not unfolded in the leaf phenological period after germination on a sand bed, and screens the rubber tree stock seedlings according to the taproot length; after the rubber tree stock seedlings are transplanted to a seedling container, shade management and water and fertilizer management are performed; when the rubber tree stock seedlings grow to the budding standard, the cultivation of the rubber tree stock seedlings is completed. Cultivating rubber tree stock seedlings by the method of the present invention reduces the breeding cost, increases the supply quantity of budding stock seedlings, improves the budding survival rate, and alleviates the demand for the surge in rubber seedlings in the current market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a method for efficiently cultivating rubber tree rootstock seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Rubber tree rootstock seedlings are mainly cultivated through sowing of rubber tree seeds. Based on the heterozygosity of rubber tree seeds, the differences in maturity and development stages, and the stubbornness of being intolerant to dehydration and low temperature, in order to ensure the quality of rootstock seedlings in production, it is usually required that rubber tree seeds be sown as soon as they are collected, transported, and sown, that is, after the collected seeds are transported to the nursery base, they are directly sown on the sand bed for germination, and then transplanted to the nursery bag for further cultivation. When the rootstock seedlings grow to a certain thickness, they are budded. In this process, the proportion of rootstock seedlings with abnormal root crowns, weak rootstock seedlings that are naturally eliminated in field growth, and rootstock seedlings that are wasted after multiple buddings that fail to survive is as high as about 69%, resulting in serious waste of manpower and material resources; at the same time, because the rootstock seedlings are not graded during transplantation, the rootstock seedlings are uneven during budding, and only part of the rootstock seedlings can be budded each time, causing some seedlings to occupy land for a long time, affecting the opportunity of land use in the next year.

[0003] Natural rubber is an important basic industrial raw material and the only renewable resource with great value. Natural rubber is widely used in transportation, machinery manufacturing, medicine and health, and is a basic industry. It is of great significance to develop the natural rubber industry and ensure its safety.

[0004] The current market demand for rubber tree seedlings is increasing, resulting in a shortage of rubber seedlings. However, due to the long cycle of rubber seedling cultivation (it takes at least 1.5 years from the sowing of rootstock seeds to the two-leaf bud grafting of rubber seedlings), the increasing pressure of land costs, seedling production materials costs and labor costs, all seedling production units / rubber nurseries urgently need to change their seedling cultivation methods, improve seedling production efficiency, reduce seedling costs and labor production intensity, and alleviate the current surge in demand for rubber seedlings in the market. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently cultivating rubber tree rootstock seedlings, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, reduce the waiting time for natural elimination of field growth, reduce the production cost of seedling cultivation, improve the phenological uniformity of rootstock seedlings, increase the number of rootstock seedlings that can be budded within the seedling cultivation cycle, and alleviate the demand for the surge in rubber seedlings in the current market.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently cultivating rubber tree rootstock seedlings, comprising the steps of:

[0008] Before sowing, rubber tree rootstock seeds are graded according to 100-grain weight;

[0009] The rubber tree rootstock seeds that have been graded are sown, and after germination on a sand bed, the rootstock seedlings whose leaflets are not unfolded in the leaf phenological period are pulled out, and the rubber tree rootstock seedlings are selected according to the length of the taproot;

[0010] After the rubber tree rootstock seedling is transplanted into the seedling raising container, shading management and water and fertilizer management are carried out;

[0011] When the rubber tree stock seedling grows to the budding standard, the cultivation of the rubber tree stock seedling is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, the grading treatment based on 100-grain weight is to divide the rubber tree rootstock seeds into seeds with 100-grain weight of more than 400g and seeds with 100-grain weight of less than 400g.

[0013] Preferably, the rubber tree stock seeds with 100-grain weight less than 400g are divided into single-grain weight of 3.00g to 3.99g and single-grain weight of 2.50g to 2.99g, and the rubber tree stock seeds with single-grain weight less than 2.50g are discarded.

[0014] Further, the rubber tree stock seedlings are screened according to the taproot length:

[0015] When the taproot is intact, it is divided into three levels according to the taproot length: 2.00cm-4.99cm, 5.00cm-6.99cm and 7.00cm and above. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings without taproots or with taproots less than 2.00cm in length are discarded;

[0016] When the main root is broken, it is divided into two levels according to the main root length: 3.00cm-4.99cm and above 5.00cm. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings with a main root length of less than 3.00cm are discarded.

[0017] It should be noted that when the taproot is broken, the taproot length refers to the length of the taproot that is attached to the rubber tree rootstock seedling.

[0018] Furthermore, the seedling raising container is made of non-woven fabric or PVP.

[0019] Preferably, when the seedling container is made of non-woven fabric, the depth of the soil after the rubber tree stock seedling is transplanted to the seedling container is flush with the container mouth; when the seedling container is made of PVP, the depth of the soil after the rubber tree stock seedling is transplanted to the seedling container is not less than two-thirds of the depth of the seedling container.

[0020] Furthermore, the shading management is as follows: a black sunshade net with a shading rate of 70% to 75% is covered 2m to 2.5m above the transplanted rubber tree rootstock seedlings, and the sunshade net is opened one month before bud grafting.

[0021] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer management includes: after the rubber tree stock seedlings are transplanted, water them thoroughly once a week until the second leaf of the rubber tree stock seedlings is stable; when the rubber tree stock seedlings grow from the aging of the second leaf to the sprouting of the third leaf, apply 3g to 4g of biological organic fertilizer to each plant, and after applying the biological organic fertilizer, apply 120mL to 150mL of a compound water-soluble fertilizer with a mass fraction of 1.6% to each root of the plant once every 20 to 30 days, and water them once within two days after applying the compound water-soluble fertilizer.

[0022] Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is a commercially available product.

[0023] Preferably, the compound water-soluble fertilizer is a mixture of a nitrate-nitrogen-containing low-chlorine compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 16:16:16, urea and a 400-fold diluted compound microbial fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 5:0.5:1.

[0024] More preferably, the composite microbial fertilizer is a commercially available product.

[0025] Furthermore, the bud grafting standard is: the stem diameter 7 cm above the root neck is 1.5 cm to 2.1 cm, the top leaves are in the stable stage to the small bronze stage, and there are at least 6 leaves.

[0026] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0027] Based on the grading of hundred-grain weight / single-grain weight of rootstock seeds before sowing, the number of invalid rootstock seeds can be screened out in advance, the space occupied by germination beds can be reduced, the uniformity of rootstock seed germination can be improved, convenience can be provided for subsequent graded transplanting, the phenological consistency of rootstock seedlings can be improved, the supply of rootstock seedlings that can be budded can be increased, the time that rootstock seedlings occupy the land due to phenology being unsuitable for budding can be shortened, the breeding cost can be reduced, and the surging demand for rubber seedlings in the current market can be alleviated.

[0028] Grading the rootstock seedlings based on their taproot length prior to transplanting will facilitate subsequent field care, improve the phenological consistency of the rootstock seedlings, shorten the time that the rootstock seedlings occupy land due to their phenology being unsuitable for budding, increase the supply of rootstock seedlings that can be budded, reduce breeding costs, and alleviate the current surging demand for rubber seedlings in the market.

[0029] Based on measures such as soil cultivation, shade management, water and fertilizer care, and budding standards, the seedling survival rate is improved, the number of rootstock seedlings is greatly increased, especially the number of rootstock seedlings that can be budded at one time and the budding survival rate, which reduces the breeding cost and alleviates the current surging demand for rubber seedlings in the market. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 The remaining rootstock seedlings after the first rootstock budding is completed and moved away;

[0032] Figure 2 The remaining rootstock seedlings after the first rootstock bud grafting was completed and moved away in Comparative Example 1;

[0033] Figure 3 The rootstock seedlings remaining after the first bud grafting in Example 2 was untied and sawn;

[0034] Figure 4 The first bud grafting of Comparative Example 2 survived and the remaining rootstock seedlings were untied and sawn;

[0035] Figure 5 The rootstock seedlings with uniform phenology when the third leaf is in Example 3;

[0036] Figure 6 The rootstock seedlings of comparative example 3 with irregular phenology at the third leaf blooming time;

[0037] Figure 7 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 whose phenological period is uniform and consistent with the period when the leaflets are not unfolded;

[0038] Figure 8 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 whose phenological period is uniformly bronze stage;

[0039] Fig. 9 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 whose phenological period is uniform and consistent with the color change period;

[0040] Fig.10 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 have a uniform phenological period of stable period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0043] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0045] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0046] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mass fraction of the compound water-soluble fertilizer used is 1.6%, which is composed of a mixture of a nitrate-nitrogen-containing low-chlorine compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 16:16:16, urea and a 400-fold diluted compound microbial fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 5:0.5:1. The compound microbial fertilizer contains amino oligosaccharides and is rich in various amino acids, humic acid lichens, Bacillus subtilis and other microbial flora.

[0047] The nitrate-nitrogen-containing low-chlorine compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 16:16:16 used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is a commercially available product provided by Beijing Yongshengfeng Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd.

[0048] The urea used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is a commercially available product provided by Hubei Sanning Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0049] The composite microbial fertilizer used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is a commercially available product provided by Guangxi Hengfei Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., containing amino oligosaccharides, various amino acids, humic acid lichens, Bacillus subtilis and other microbial flora, and the registered nutrient content is specifically: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ≥ 0.48 billion / mL, Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 0.38 billion / mL, N ≥ 20g / L, P 2 O 5 ≥20g / L, K 2 O≥20g / L, amino oligosaccharides ≥2g / L, chitosan (chitin) ≥5g / L, amino acids ≥100g / L, crab meat organic matter ≥40g / L.

[0050] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the biological organic fertilizer is provided by Wuhan Branch of Sinochem Agricultural Ecological Technology (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Hailibao granular type (organic matter ≥ 45.0%, effective viable bacteria ≥ 300 million / g, and the effective bacteria is Bacillus subtilis).

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the specific embodiments of the present invention can be purchased through commercial channels, and the purchase channel does not affect the realization of the technical effects.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] From December 2017 to February 2020, a batch of rubber tree seedlings were budded at the natural rubber protective cultivation base of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The scion variety was Reyan 73397, the stock seed was RRIM600, the seedling container was a black PVP soft plastic bag, the size was 9cm (diameter) * 36cm (height), the seedling medium was raw red soil, and the single row was densely planted with a wide spacing (row spacing of 80cm). The method of the present invention is adopted to manage the stock seedlings, and the specific process is as follows:

[0054] S1. Before sowing, rubber tree rootstock seeds are graded according to 100-grain weight: sowing rubber tree rootstock seeds with 100-grain weight of more than 400g;

[0055] S2. After sowing rubber tree rootstock seeds and before transplanting, the rootstock seedlings were screened based on the taproot length: first, the rootstock seedlings whose leaves were not unfolded during the leaflet phenological period were pulled out from the sand bed after germination. The taproots were intact and divided into three levels according to their taproot length: 2.00cm-4.99cm, 5.00cm-6.99cm, and 7.00cm or more. Among them, those without taproots and those with taproots less than 2.00cm were directly discarded; second, the rootstock seedlings whose leaves were not unfolded during the leaflet phenological period were pulled out from the sand bed after germination. If the taproot was broken, they were divided into two levels according to the taproot length: 3.00cm-4.99cm and 5.00cm or more. The broken taproots were less than 3.00cm in length and directly discarded;

[0056] S3. After the rubber tree rootstock seedlings are transplanted into the seedling bag, the soil depth of the seedling bag should be more than two-thirds of the bag height;

[0057] S4. Shade management, water and fertilizer management for rubber tree rootstock seedlings: To avoid drought and high temperature to protect the seedlings, after the rootstock seedlings are transplanted into the seedling bags, a black shade net with a shading rate of 70% to 75% is covered 2m to 2.5m above the seedlings. The shade net should be opened one month before budding. Water thoroughly once a week until the second leaf of the rootstock seedlings is stable. When the second leaf ages to the third leaf sprouts, 3g to 4g of biological organic fertilizer is applied to each plant. After that, 1.6% compound water-soluble fertilizer (application amount is 120mL) is applied to each root of each plant every 20 to 30 days. Water once within two days after applying the compound water-soluble fertilizer.

[0058] S5. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings grow to the bud grafting standard: the stem diameter 7 cm above the root neck is 1.5 cm to 2.1 cm, the top leaves are in the stable stage to small bronze stage, and there are at least 6 leaves.

[0059] Figure 1 The seedlings are the remaining stock seedlings after the budding survives and is moved away after the first budding of the stock in Example 1.

[0060] Figure 7 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 whose phenological period is uniform and consistent with the period when the leaflets are not unfolded; Figure 8 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 whose phenological period is uniformly bronze stage; Fig. 9 The indoor test rootstock seedlings of Example 1 whose phenological period is uniform and consistent with the color change period; Fig.10 The indoor test stock seedlings of Example 1 are uniform and stable in phenological period. Figures 7-10 It can be seen that the rootstock seedlings cultivated by the method of Example 1 of the present invention are uniform in different phenological stages.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] The steps for conventional open-air seedling rootstock cultivation and budding are as follows:

[0063] The rubber tree stock seeds are directly sown on a sand bed without grading for germination, and the germination bed is kept moist. After germination, the young and tender small leaves of the stock seedlings in the bronze stage are transplanted into a seedling container in the field with a seedling medium, and the seedling medium in the seedling container is kept moist. Water is sprinkled once every 3 to 5 days after the first leaf is stable, and urea and ammonium sulfate with 100 times of water are sprinkled on the roots once a month from the aging of the first leaf to the fourth leaf. After the fifth leaf, 2.5wt% compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15: 15: 15) is applied once a month. Bud grafting can be started when the stem thickness of the stock seedling 10 cm above the bag opening substrate reaches more than 1.0 cm and the top leaf is in a stable period.

[0064] Figure 2This is the remaining rootstock seedling after the bud grafting survived and was moved away after the first rootstock bud grafting in Comparative Example 1.

[0065] The effects of the cultivation methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 on the quality and utilization of rubber tree seedling rootstocks are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1

[0067]

[0068] As can be seen from Table 1, the seedling rootstock cultivated in Example 1 is used for seedling budding, and the seedling rootstock cultivated by the conventional method in Comparative Example 1 is superior to Comparative Example 1 in terms of rootstock stem diameter, rootstock utilization rate and one-knife budding rate, indicating that the rootstock seedling cultivation method of the present invention not only improves the rootstock quality, but also improves the rootstock utilization efficiency, and increases the number of seedling rootstock seedlings that can be budded during the seedling raising cycle.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] From September 2019 to April 2021, a batch of rubber tree seedlings were budded at the natural rubber protective cultivation base of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The scion variety was Reyan 917, the rootstock seed was GT1, and the seedling container was a PVP inverted conical seedling cup with a size of 6cm (upper diameter) * 2cm (lower diameter) * 36cm (height). The seedling medium was pure coconut bran, the plant spacing was 25cm and the row spacing was 80cm. The method of the present invention is adopted for rootstock seedling management, and the specific process is as follows:

[0071] S1. sowing rubber tree rootstock seeds with a hundred-grain weight of less than 400g, wherein the seeds with a hundred-grain weight of less than 400g are divided into two categories of single-grain weight of 3.00g to 3.99g and single-grain weight of 2.50g to 2.99g for sowing, and seeds with a single-grain weight of less than 2.50g are directly discarded;

[0072] S2. After sowing rubber tree rootstock seeds and before transplanting, the rootstock seedlings were screened based on the taproot length: first, the rootstock seedlings whose leaves were not unfolded during the leaflet phenological period were pulled out from the sand bed after germination. The taproots were intact and divided into three levels according to their taproot length: 2.00cm-4.99cm, 5.00cm-6.99cm, and 7.00cm or more. Among them, those without taproots and those with taproots less than 2.00cm were directly discarded; second, the rootstock seedlings whose leaves were not unfolded during the leaflet phenological period were pulled out from the sand bed after germination. If the taproot was broken, they were divided into two levels according to the taproot length: 3.00cm-4.99cm and 5.00cm or more. The broken taproots were less than 3.00cm in length and directly discarded;

[0073] S3. After the rubber tree rootstock seedlings are transplanted into the seedling cups, the soil depth of the seedling cups should be more than two-thirds of the cup height;

[0074] S4. Shading management, water and fertilizer management of rubber tree rootstock seedlings: To avoid drought and high temperature to protect seedlings, after the rootstock seedlings are transplanted into the seedling cups, a black shade net with a shading rate of 70% to 75% is covered 2m to 2.5m above the seedlings, and the shade net is opened one month before budding; water thoroughly once a week until the second leaf of the rootstock seedling is stable, and when the second leaf ages to the third leaf sprouts, 3g to 4g of biological organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and then 1.6% compound water-soluble fertilizer (application amount is 150mL) is applied to each root every 20 to 30 days. Water once within two days after applying the compound water-soluble fertilizer;

[0075] S5. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings grow to the bud grafting standard: the stem diameter 7 cm above the root neck is 1.5 cm to 2.1 cm, the top leaves are in the stable stage to small bronze stage, and there are at least 6 leaves.

[0076] Figure 3 The first bud grafting of Example 2 was performed and the remaining rootstock seedlings were untied and sawn.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] The conventional steps for cultivating open-air seedling rootstocks are:

[0079] The rubber tree stock seeds are directly sown on the sand bed without grading for germination, and the germination bed is kept moist. After germination, the young and tender small leaves of the stock seedlings in the small bronze stage are transplanted into the seedling container in the field with the seedling medium, and the seedling medium in the seedling container is kept moist. Water is sprinkled once every 3 to 5 days after the first leaf is stable. Urea and ammonium sulfate with 100 times of water are sprinkled on the roots once a month from the aging of the first leaf to the fourth leaf. After the fifth leaf, 2.5wt% compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15: 15: 15) is applied once a month. When the stem thickness of the stock seedling 10 cm above the substrate of the seedling container mouth reaches more than 1.0 cm and the top leaf is in a stable period, bud grafting can be started.

[0080] Figure 4 The first bud grafting of comparative example 2 was untied and the remaining rootstock seedlings were sawn off.

[0081] The influence of the cultivation methods of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 on the quality and utilization of rubber tree seedling rootstocks is shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 2, the seedling rootstocks cultivated in Example 2 are superior to those in Comparative Example 2 in terms of rootstock stem diameter, rootstock utilization rate and one-knife budding rate when used for seedling budding, compared with the seedling rootstocks cultivated by the conventional method in Comparative Example 2. This shows that the efficient rootstock seedling cultivation method of Example 2 not only improves the rootstock quality, but also improves the rootstock utilization efficiency, and increases the number of seedling rootstocks that can be budded during the seedling raising cycle.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] From November 2021 to April 2023, a batch of rubber tree seedlings were budded at the natural rubber protective cultivation base of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The scion variety was Reken 628, the rootstock seeds were GT1, the seedling container was a non-woven bag, the size was 14cm (diameter) * 35cm (height), and the seedling medium was raw red soil mixed with coconut bran (raw red soil: coconut bran = 3:1). The method of the present invention is adopted for rootstock seedling management, and the specific process is as follows:

[0087] S1. sowing rubber tree rootstock seeds with a hundred-grain weight of less than 400g, wherein the seeds with a hundred-grain weight of less than 400g are divided into two categories of single-grain weight of 3.00g to 3.99g and single-grain weight of 2.50g to 2.99g for sowing, and seeds with a single-grain weight of less than 2.50g are directly discarded;

[0088] S2. After sowing rubber tree rootstock seeds and before transplanting, the rootstock seedlings were screened based on the taproot length: first, the rootstock seedlings whose leaves were not unfolded during the leaflet phenological period were pulled out from the sand bed after germination. The taproots were intact and divided into three levels according to their taproot length: 2.00cm-4.99cm, 5.00cm-6.99cm, and 7.00cm or more. Among them, those without taproots and those with taproots less than 2.00cm were directly discarded; second, the rootstock seedlings whose leaves were not unfolded during the leaflet phenological period were pulled out from the sand bed after germination. If the taproot was broken, they were divided into two levels according to the taproot length: 3.00cm-4.99cm and 5.00cm or more. The broken taproots were less than 3.00cm in length and directly discarded;

[0089] S3. After the rubber tree rootstock seedlings are transplanted into the non-woven seedling bag, the depth of the soil is flush with the bag opening;

[0090] S4. Shading management, water and fertilizer management of rubber tree rootstock seedlings: To avoid drought and high temperature, after the rootstock seedlings are transplanted into the seedling bags, a black shade net with a shading rate of 70% to 75% is covered 2m to 2.5m above the seedlings, and the shade net is opened one month before budding; water thoroughly once a week until the second leaf of the rootstock seedling is stable, and when the second leaf ages to the third leaf sprouts, 3g to 4g of biological organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and then 1.6% compound water-soluble fertilizer (application amount is 150mL) is applied to each root every 20 to 30 days. Water once within two days after applying the compound water-soluble fertilizer;

[0091] S5. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings grow to the bud grafting standard: the stem diameter 7 cm above the root neck is 1.5 cm to 2.1 cm, the top leaves are in the stable stage to small bronze stage, and there are at least 6 leaves.

[0092] Figure 5 The rootstock seedlings with uniform phenology when the 3rd leaf is in Example 3.

[0093] Comparative Example 3

[0094] The steps for conventional seedling rootstock cultivation are:

[0095] The rubber tree stock seeds are directly sown on a sand bed without grading for germination, the germination bed is kept moist, and after germination, the young and tender leaflet of the stock seedlings in the bronze stage is transplanted into a seedling container in the field with a seedling substrate, the seedling substrate in the seedling container is kept moist, water is sprinkled once every 3 to 5 days after the first leaf is stable, urea and ammonium sulfate are added with 100 times of water and applied to the roots once every month from the aging of the first leaf to the fourth leaf, and 2.5wt% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) is applied once every month after the fifth leaf, and bud grafting can be started when the stem thickness of the stock seedling 10 cm above the bag opening substrate reaches more than 1.0 cm and the top leaf is in a stable period.

[0096] Figure 6 This is the rootstock seedling with irregular phenology at the 3rd leaf blooming time in Comparative Example 3.

[0097] The influence of the cultivation methods of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 on the quality and utilization of rubber tree seedling rootstocks is shown in Table 3.

[0098] Table 3

[0099]

[0100] As can be seen from Table 3, the seedling rootstocks cultivated in Example 3 are used for seedling budding, and the seedling rootstocks cultivated by the conventional method in Comparative Example 3 are superior to Comparative Example 3 in terms of rootstock stem diameter, rootstock utilization rate and one-knife budding rate, indicating that the efficient rootstock seedling cultivation method of Example 3 of the present invention not only improves the rootstock quality, but also improves the rootstock utilization efficiency, and increases the number of seedling rootstocks that can be budded during the seedling raising cycle.

[0101] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently cultivating rubber tree stock seedlings, characterized in that the steps include: Before sowing, rubber tree rootstock seeds are graded according to 100-grain weight; The rubber tree rootstock seeds that have been graded are sown, and after germination on a sand bed, the rootstock seedlings whose leaflets are not unfolded in the leaf phenological period are pulled out, and the rubber tree rootstock seedlings are selected according to the length of the taproot; After the rubber tree rootstock seedling is transplanted into the seedling raising container, shading management and water and fertilizer management are carried out; When the rubber tree stock seedling grows to the budding standard, the cultivation of the rubber tree stock seedling is completed; The described method of screening rubber tree stock seedlings according to taproot length is: When the taproot is intact, it is divided into three levels according to the taproot length: 2.00cm-4.99cm, 5.00cm-6.99cm and 7.00cm and above. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings without taproots or with taproots less than 2.00cm in length are discarded; When the main root is broken, it is divided into two levels according to the main root length: 3.00cm-4.99cm and above 5.00cm. Rubber tree rootstock seedlings with a main root length of less than 3.00cm are discarded.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The grading treatment based on 100-grain weight is to divide the rubber tree rootstock seeds into seeds with 100-grain weight of more than 400g and seeds with 100-grain weight of less than 400g.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The rubber tree rootstock seeds with a hundred-grain weight of less than 400g are divided into single-grain weights of 3.00g to 3.99g and single-grain weights of 2.50g to 2.99g, and the rubber tree rootstock seeds with a single-grain weight of less than 2.50g are discarded.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the seedling raising container is non-woven fabric or PVP.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the seedling container is made of non-woven fabric, the depth of the soil after the rubber tree stock seedling is transplanted into the seedling container is flush with the container mouth; when the seedling container is made of PVP, the depth of the soil after the rubber tree stock seedling is transplanted into the seedling container is not less than two-thirds of the depth of the seedling container.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The shading management is as follows: a black sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 70% to 75% is covered 2m to 2.5m above the transplanted rubber tree rootstock seedlings, and the sunshade net is opened one month before bud grafting.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The water and fertilizer management comprises: after the rubber tree stock seedlings are transplanted, watering is performed once a week until the second leaf of the rubber tree stock seedlings is stable; when the rubber tree stock seedlings grow from the aging of the second leaf to the sprouting of the third leaf, 3g to 4g of biological organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and after applying the biological organic fertilizer, 120mL to 150mL of a compound water-soluble fertilizer with a mass fraction of 1.6% is applied to each root of the plant once every 20 to 30 days, and small watering is performed within two days after applying the compound water-soluble fertilizer.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bud grafting standard is: the stem diameter 7 cm above the root neck is 1.5 cm to 2.1 cm, the top leaves are in the stable stage to the small bronze stage, and there are at least 6 leaves.

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