Multi-layer combustion system for medical waste incinerator

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator, relating to the field of waste treatment technology. The system includes a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber comprises a cooling section, a heating section, a combustion section, and a slag discharge section connected sequentially from top to bottom. An oxygen content detector is installed at the flue gas outlet of the cooling section in the secondary combustion chamber. The cooling, heating, and combustion sections are all double-walled cylinders. A heat exchange chamber is provided between the two cylinders of the cooling section, a second heat exchange chamber between the two cylinders of the heating section, and a third heat exchange chamber between the two cylinders of the combustion section. This invention optimizes the complete combustion and decomposition of flue gas within the furnace and the collection of large-particle dust in the flue gas, reducing pollutant emissions from the secondary combustion chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste treatment technology, specifically to a multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator. Background Technology

[0002] The incinerator can be used for the treatment of medical waste. It has two combustion chambers, a primary chamber and a secondary chamber, employing a two-stage combustion method. The primary chamber burns solids, while the secondary chamber burns gases. Solid waste entering the primary chamber undergoes drying, anaerobic pyrolysis, and complete combustion at a predetermined temperature, effectively controlling the generation of highly toxic gases. The gases produced by incineration and pyrolysis then enter the secondary chamber for complete combustion. The ash produced after incineration is easily carried away by the flue gas, and any unburned harmful substances in the flue gas are further destroyed in the secondary chamber. To ensure the complete decomposition of unburned substances and meet emission requirements, the secondary chamber... The secondary combustion chamber is equipped with a burner for combustion assistance, and the temperature inside the secondary combustion chamber is controlled at 1000-1200 degrees Celsius. To ensure that the flue gas comes into full contact with oxygen at high temperature and that the flue gas is fully decomposed and burned in the furnace, while ensuring that the residence time of the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber is greater than 2 seconds, a high decomposition rate can be achieved. At the same time, large-diameter dust particles in the flue gas need to fall to the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber for primary dust removal to prevent dust-laden flue gas from being directly discharged and large-diameter dust particles from accumulating and clogging the flue gas passage. Therefore, we provide a multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator, which optimizes the complete combustion and decomposition of flue gas in the furnace and collects large-particle dust in the flue gas, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants in the secondary combustion chamber.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator, comprising a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber includes a cooling furnace section, a heating furnace section, a combustion furnace section, and a slag discharge furnace section connected sequentially from top to bottom. The pyrolysis gas output end of the primary combustion chamber is connected to the combustion furnace section via a conveying pipeline. An oxygen content detector for flue gas is installed at the flue gas outlet of the cooling furnace section in the secondary combustion chamber. The cooling furnace section, heating furnace section, and combustion furnace section are all double-layered cylinders. A heat exchange chamber I is provided between the double-layered cylinders of the cooling furnace section, a heat exchange chamber II is provided between the double-layered cylinders of the heating furnace section, and a heat exchange chamber III is provided between the double-layered cylinders of the combustion furnace section. A water circulation heat exchange pipe is installed inside the heat exchange chamber I. The warming furnace section is equipped with external cooling water inlets and outlets connected to water circulation heat exchange pipes. The cooling furnace section is equipped with an air inlet connected to heat exchange chamber one. Heat exchange chamber one, heat exchange chamber two, and heat exchange chamber three are all connected in sequence through external pipes. The combustion furnace section is equipped with a hot air outlet connected to heat exchange chamber three. The hot air outlet is connected to a hot air combustion aid box through an external hot air pipe. The hot air combustion aid box is located inside the combustion furnace section and is positioned above the burner interface of the combustion furnace section. The hot air combustion aid box outputs hot air into the combustion furnace section. The warming furnace section is equipped with a variable diameter channel, which narrows from bottom to top. The slag discharge furnace section includes a discharge channel and a collection chamber. The discharge channel connects the combustion furnace section and the collection chamber.

[0005] Preferably, the water circulation heat exchange pipe is a spiral pipe, and the spiral pipe is arranged to fit against the inner side wall of the heat exchange cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the double-layer cylinder includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder includes a heat-resistant layer, a heat-insulating filling layer and an outer protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, and the heat-resistant layer, the heat-insulating filling layer and the outer protective layer extend along the height direction of the outer cylinder;

[0007] The inner cylinder is a heat-conducting layer, and the heat-conducting layer extends along the height direction of the inner cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the hot air combustion chamber is provided with an air outlet pipe, and air inlets are provided around the air outlet pipe to output hot air at the center of the combustion furnace section.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the hot air combustion chamber is provided with a double-layer ash-blocking net, and the upper and lower mesh holes of the double-layer ash-blocking net are arranged alternately.

[0010] Preferably, an ash cleaning and maintenance port is provided at the location of the ash-blocking mesh in the combustion furnace section.

[0011] Preferably, a baffle plate is provided in the discharge channel, a slag discharge port is provided below the collection chamber, the top of the inner wall of the collection chamber is connected to the valve plate through lifting push rods arranged longitudinally on both sides, and the valve plate is driven to rise and fall to open and close at the bottom opening of the collection chamber through the lifting push rods.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the inner wall of the collection chamber is connected to a dust baffle plate, and the dust baffle plate separates the lifting push rod from the outside of the slag collected in the collection chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the variable diameter channel is composed of straight channels and horn channels arranged alternately, and adjacent straight channels are connected from bottom to top through the horn channel to reduce the diameter.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. A unique secondary air supply device is configured through the air inlet, hot air combustion box and external pipeline to provide hot air, ensuring that the flue gas is in full contact with oxygen at high temperature, so that the flue gas is fully decomposed and burned in the furnace;

[0016] 2. Install a flue gas oxygen content detector, which can adjust the air supply at the air inlet according to the oxygen content of the flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber, thereby achieving a higher decomposition rate.

[0017] 3. A variable diameter channel is set up to narrow from bottom to top to control the flue gas velocity and ensure the residence time of the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber;

[0018] 4. Large-diameter dust particles in the flue gas fall into the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber through the emission channel to complete primary dust removal, so as to prevent dust-laden flue gas from being directly discharged. The emission channel extends the length of the slag discharge furnace section and the combustion furnace section to prevent dust from being affected by the air circulation in the combustion furnace section and rising to cause pollution.

[0019] 5. Install dust-blocking nets to prevent dust-laden fumes from being directly discharged, thus forcing the dust to settle.

[0020] 6. In order to cool down the flue gas quickly and thus avoid the regeneration of harmful gases, a water circulation heat exchange pipe and an air heat exchange chamber are installed in the secondary combustion chamber. The high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with water and air, which makes the flue gas temperature drop rapidly and enter the subsequent treatment facilities. The cold water is supplied for subsequent use after heat exchange, and the cold air is heated and enters the furnace to assist combustion. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the two combustion chamber structure of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Primary combustion chamber; 2. Secondary combustion chamber; 21. Cooling furnace section; 211. Heat exchange chamber one; 212. Air inlet; 22. Heating furnace section; 221. Heat exchange chamber two; 222. Variable diameter channel; 23. Combustion furnace section; 231. Heat exchange chamber three; 232. Hot air outlet; 233. Burner interface; 234. Ash removal and maintenance port; 24. Slag discharge furnace section; 241. Discharge channel; 241 1. Baffle plate; 242. Collection chamber; 2421. Slag discharge port; 2422. Lifting push rod; 2423. Valve plate; 2424. Ash baffle plate; 201. Inner cylinder; 202. Outer cylinder; 3. Conveying pipeline; 4. Water circulation heat exchange pipeline; 5. External pipeline; 6. External hot air duct; 7. Hot air combustion box; 71. Air outlet duct; 72. Ash baffle net; 8. Flue gas oxygen content detector. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator, including a primary combustion chamber 1 and a secondary combustion chamber 2. The secondary combustion chamber 2 includes a cooling furnace section 21, a heating furnace section 22, a combustion furnace section 23 and a slag discharge furnace section 24 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The pyrolysis gas output end of the primary combustion chamber 1 is connected to the combustion furnace section 23 through a conveying pipeline 3. An oxygen content detector 8 for flue gas is installed at the flue gas outlet of the cooling furnace section 21 in the secondary combustion chamber 2.

[0027] The cooling furnace section 21, the heating furnace section 22, and the combustion furnace section 23 are all double-layered cylinders. The double-layered cylinder includes an inner cylinder 201 and an outer cylinder 202. The outer cylinder 202 includes a heat-resistant layer, a heat-insulating filling layer, and an outer shell protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The heat-resistant layer, the heat-insulating filling layer, and the outer shell protective layer extend along the height direction of the outer cylinder 202. The inner cylinder 201 is a heat-conducting layer, which extends along the height direction of the inner cylinder 201. A heat exchange chamber 1 211 is provided between the double-layered cylinders of the cooling furnace section 21, a heat exchange chamber 221 is provided between the double-layered cylinders of the heating furnace section 22, and a heat exchange chamber 3 231 is provided between the double-layered cylinders of the combustion furnace section 23.

[0028] A water circulation heat exchange pipe 4 is installed inside the heat exchange chamber 1 211. The water circulation heat exchange pipe 4 is a spiral pipe and is set to fit the inner side wall of the heat exchange chamber 1 211. The cooling furnace section 21 is provided with external cooling water inlets and outlets connected to the water circulation heat exchange pipe 4. The cooling furnace section 21 is provided with an air inlet 212 connected to the heat exchange chamber 1 211. The heat exchange chamber 1 211, the heat exchange chamber 221 and the heat exchange chamber 3 231 are all connected in sequence through external pipes 5. The combustion furnace section 23 is provided with a hot air outlet 232 connected to the heat exchange chamber 3 231. The hot air outlet 232 is connected to the hot air combustion box 7 through an external hot air pipe 6.

[0029] The hot air combustion box 7 is located inside the combustion furnace section 23 and is positioned above the burner interface 233 of the combustion furnace section 23. The bottom of the hot air combustion box 7 is provided with an air outlet 71, and the hot air combustion box 7 outputs hot air to the center of the combustion furnace section 23 through air outlets on the periphery of the air outlet 71. The top of the hot air combustion box 7 is provided with a double-layer ash-blocking mesh 72, and the upper and lower meshes of the double-layer ash-blocking mesh 72 are staggered. The combustion furnace section 23 is provided with a cleaning and maintenance port 234 at the position corresponding to the ash-blocking mesh 72.

[0030] A variable diameter channel 222 is provided in the heating furnace section 22, and the variable diameter channel 222 narrows from bottom to top. The variable diameter channel 222 is composed of straight channels and trumpet channels arranged alternately, and adjacent straight channels are connected from bottom to top through trumpet channels to narrow their diameter.

[0031] The slag discharge furnace section 24 includes a discharge channel 241 and a collection chamber 242. The discharge channel 241 connects the combustion furnace section 23 and the collection chamber 242. A baffle plate 2411 is installed inside the discharge channel 241. A slag discharge port 2421 is installed below the collection chamber 242. The top of the inner wall of the collection chamber 242 is connected to a valve plate 2423 through lifting push rods 2422 arranged longitudinally on both sides. The valve plate 2423 is driven to rise and fall and open and close at the bottom opening of the collection chamber 242 through the lifting push rods 2422. An ash baffle plate 2424 is connected to the top of the inner wall of the collection chamber 242, and the ash baffle plate 2424 separates the lifting push rods 2422 from the outside of the slag collected in the collection chamber 242.

[0032] In use, the air inlet 212, the hot air outlet 232 and the external pipe 5 connect the heat exchange chamber 1 211, the heat exchange chamber 221 and the heat exchange chamber 3 231, so that the air blown in is heated by heat exchange in the cooling furnace section 21, the heating furnace section 22 and the combustion furnace section 23, and the hot air is introduced into the hot air combustion box 7. The hot air combustion box 7 uses the waste heat in the furnace to configure a unique secondary air supply device to provide hot air to the combustion furnace section 23 to assist combustion, ensuring that the flue gas is in full contact with oxygen at high temperature, so that the flue gas is fully decomposed and burned in the furnace.

[0033] The flue gas oxygen content detector 8 is installed, which can adjust the air supply of the air inlet 212 according to the oxygen content of the flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 2, thereby achieving a higher decomposition rate.

[0034] A variable diameter channel 222 is set up to narrow the diameter from bottom to top, which controls the flue gas flow rate and ensures the residence time of the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber 2.

[0035] Large-diameter dust particles in the flue gas fall into the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through the emission channel 241 to complete primary dust removal, so as to prevent dust-laden flue gas from being directly discharged. The emission channel 241 extends the length of the slag discharge furnace section 24 and the combustion furnace section 23, and is equipped with a baffle plate 2411 to prevent dust from being affected by the air circulation in the combustion furnace section 23 and causing pollution.

[0036] The lifting push rod 2422 drives the valve plate 2423 to rise and fall. When the secondary combustion chamber 2 is working, the furnace body is closed. After the secondary combustion chamber 2 stops working, the valve plate 2423 is opened to output the slag to the slag discharge port 2421, which is convenient and efficient for slag discharge.

[0037] Dust-blocking net 72 is installed to block dust and prevent dust-laden fumes from being directly discharged, forcing the dust to settle.

[0038] In order to cool down the flue gas quickly and thus avoid the regeneration of harmful gases, a water circulation heat exchange pipe 4 and an air heat exchange chamber are installed in the secondary combustion chamber 2. The high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with water and air, which causes the flue gas temperature to drop rapidly and enter the subsequent treatment facilities. The cold water is supplied for subsequent use after heat exchange, and the cold air is heated and enters the furnace to assist combustion.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator, comprising a primary combustion chamber (1) and a secondary combustion chamber (2), characterized in that: The secondary combustion chamber (2) comprises a cooling furnace section (21), a heating furnace section (22), a combustion furnace section (23), and a slag discharge furnace section (24) connected sequentially from top to bottom. The pyrolysis gas output end of the primary combustion chamber (1) is connected to the combustion furnace section (23) via a conveying pipeline (3). A flue gas oxygen content detector (8) is installed at the flue gas outlet of the cooling furnace section (21) in the secondary combustion chamber (2). The cooling furnace section (21), the heating furnace section (22), and the combustion furnace section (23) are all... The cooling furnace section (21) has a double-layered cylindrical body, and a heat exchange chamber 1 (211) is provided between the double-layered cylindrical bodies of the cooling furnace section (21), a heat exchange chamber 2 (221) is provided between the double-layered cylindrical bodies of the heating furnace section (22), and a heat exchange chamber 3 (231) is provided between the double-layered cylindrical bodies of the combustion furnace section (23). A water circulation heat exchange pipe (4) is provided in the heat exchange chamber 1 (211), and external cooling water inlets and outlets are respectively provided on the cooling furnace section (21) and connected to the water circulation heat exchange pipe (4). 1) An air inlet (212) is provided on the upper part to connect to heat exchange chamber one (211). Heat exchange chamber one (211), heat exchange chamber two (221), and heat exchange chamber three (231) are all connected in sequence through external pipes (5). A hot air outlet (232) is provided on the combustion furnace section (23) to connect to heat exchange chamber three (231). The hot air outlet (232) is connected to the hot air combustion box (7) through an external hot air pipe (6). The hot air combustion box (7) is located in the combustion furnace section (23). The hot air combustion box (7) is located above the burner interface (233) of the combustion furnace section (23). The hot air combustion box (7) outputs hot air into the combustion furnace section (23). The heating furnace section (22) is provided with a variable diameter channel (222), and the variable diameter channel (222) narrows from bottom to top. The slag discharge furnace section (24) includes a discharge channel (241) and a collection chamber (242). The discharge channel (241) is connected between the combustion furnace section (23) and the collection chamber (242).

2. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water circulation heat exchange pipe (4) is a spiral pipe, and the spiral pipe is set in close contact with the inner wall of the heat exchange chamber (211).

3. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer cylinder includes an inner cylinder (201) and an outer cylinder (202). The outer cylinder (202) includes a heat-resistant layer, a heat-insulating filling layer and an outer shell protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, and the heat-resistant layer, the heat-insulating filling layer and the outer shell protective layer extend along the height direction of the outer cylinder (202). The inner cylinder (201) is a heat-conducting layer, and the heat-conducting layer extends along the height direction of the inner cylinder (201).

4. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot air combustion box (7) is provided with an air outlet pipe (71) at the bottom, and air outlets are provided around the air outlet pipe (71) to output hot air at the center of the combustion furnace section (23).

5. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the hot air combustion box (7) is provided with a double-layer ash-blocking net (72), and the upper and lower meshes of the double-layer ash-blocking net (72) are arranged alternately.

6. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion furnace section (23) is provided with an ash cleaning and maintenance port (234) at the position corresponding to the ash-blocking mesh (72).

7. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle plate (2411) is provided in the discharge channel (241), and a slag discharge port (2421) is provided below the collection chamber (242). The top of the inner wall of the collection chamber (242) is connected to the valve plate (2423) through lifting push rods (2422) arranged longitudinally on both sides. The valve plate (2423) is driven to rise and fall to open and close at the bottom opening of the collection chamber (242) through the lifting push rods (2422).

8. The multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the inner wall of the collection chamber (242) is connected to a baffle plate (2424), and the baffle plate (2424) separates the lifting push rod (2422) from the outside of the slag collected in the collection chamber (242).

9. A multi-layer combustion system for a medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable diameter channel (222) is composed of straight channels and horn channels arranged alternately, and adjacent straight channels are connected from bottom to top through the horn channel to reduce the diameter.

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