Design method of tunnel portal skeleton slope protection

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel design, and discloses a tunnel portal framework slope protection design method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a tunnel portal peripheral terrain curved surface and a side and upward slope three-dimensional model; extracting framework slope protection control parameters, and generating a section profile of a component based on the framework slope protection control parameters; determining framework slope protection layout points based on the tunnel portal peripheral terrain curved surface and the side and upward slope three-dimensional model; and arranging the framework slope protection and counting engineering quantities according to the section profile and the layout points to obtain a framework slope protection design scheme. The application can effectively improve the design efficiency, precision and visualization degree of the framework slope protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel design technology, and in particular to a method for designing a framework slope protection system for tunnel entrances. Background Technology

[0002] At present, the design of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection adopts a two-dimensional planar design method: (1) establish a three-dimensional terrain surface around the tunnel portal; (2) according to the target accuracy, make slope control sections perpendicular to the tunnel centerline at certain intervals along the tunnel centerline; (3) similarly, make uphill control sections parallel to the tunnel centerline at certain intervals; (4) design the skeleton form and its skeleton parameters in each control section. The current design method cannot meet the requirement of the skeleton slope protection in space being completely in contact with the ground surface after excavation, which easily leads to a large deviation between the design and the actual construction. On the other hand, the engineering quantity of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection can only be estimated by the following methods: (1) estimate the protection area of ​​the skeleton slope protection by cross section design drawings and longitudinal section design drawings; (2) estimate the number of skeletons required by dividing the protection area of ​​the skeleton slope protection by the area of ​​each unit skeleton; (3) obtain the final estimated engineering quantity of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection by multiplying the number of skeletons by the engineering quantity of the unit skeleton. It can be seen that the current tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design has low efficiency and accuracy.

[0003] Therefore, how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of results of skeleton slope protection is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] The above content is only used to help understand the technical solution of this application and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide a design method for a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy and visualization of the results of skeleton slope protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a method for designing a tunnel portal frame slope protection, the method comprising:

[0007] Construct a 3D model of the terrain surface and side slopes surrounding the tunnel entrance;

[0008] Extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection, and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection;

[0009] The layout points of the skeleton slope protection are determined based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope.

[0010] Based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points, the skeleton slope protection arrangement and engineering quantity statistics are carried out to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0011] In one embodiment, constructing a three-dimensional model of the terrain surface and side slopes surrounding the tunnel entrance includes:

[0012] Obtain tunnel route design data and tunnel topography data;

[0013] A local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance is established based on the tunnel route design data and terrain data.

[0014] Based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel entrance, the tunnel topographic data is transformed to generate the topographic surface around the tunnel entrance.

[0015] Obtain the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the corresponding excavation design parameters, and generate a three-dimensional model of the side slope based on the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the excavation design parameters.

[0016] In one embodiment, the step of extracting the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generating the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection includes:

[0017] Extract the controlling parameters of the skeleton slope protection;

[0018] Based on the design parameters of the slope excavation and the lithological distribution of the strata, the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection are designed to obtain the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

[0019] The cross-sectional profile of the component is generated based on the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

[0020] In one embodiment, determining the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope includes:

[0021] Excavation calculations are performed based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope to generate the three-dimensional surface of the side slope after excavation.

[0022] Generate a sub-surface of the slope based on the three-dimensional surface of the slope after excavation;

[0023] The layout points of the skeleton slope protection are determined based on the curved surface of the slope.

[0024] In one embodiment, generating a sub-surface of the side slope based on the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope includes:

[0025] The three-dimensional curved surface of the excavated slope is discretized to obtain discretized triangular facets.

[0026] The discrete triangular facets are classified and filtered to obtain the target triangular facets;

[0027] The target triangular facet is recombined to generate an edge-sloping surface.

[0028] In one embodiment, determining the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the curved surface of the side slope includes:

[0029] The number and size of the skeleton are determined based on the aforementioned slope surface.

[0030] The locations of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton are determined based on the number and size of the skeleton.

[0031] The layout points of the skeleton slope protection are determined based on the layout points of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton.

[0032] In one embodiment, the step of arranging the framework slope protection and calculating the engineering quantities based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points to obtain the framework slope protection design scheme includes:

[0033] Construct a skeleton model and a water retaining plate model based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points of the skeleton slope protection;

[0034] Extract the surface boundary line from the edge slope surface;

[0035] Construct a edging model based on the cross-sectional profile and the surface boundary line;

[0036] Based on the skeleton model, the water-retaining plate model, and the edging model, the skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics are carried out to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0037] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device, which includes:

[0038] The building module is used to construct a 3D model of the terrain surface and side slopes around the tunnel entrance.

[0039] An extraction module is used to extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

[0040] The determination module is used to determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope;

[0041] The statistics module is used to perform skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points, so as to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0042] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device, the device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method described above.

[0043] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method described above.

[0044] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method described above.

[0045] This application provides a method for designing a framework slope protection structure for tunnel entrances. First, a three-dimensional model of the surrounding terrain surface and side slopes of the tunnel entrance is constructed. 3D modeling technology is used to accurately reproduce the actual terrain morphology, facilitating a direct understanding of geological structures, slope variations, and spatial relationships, thus improving design efficiency. Control parameters for the framework slope protection structure are extracted, and cross-sectional profiles of components are generated based on these parameters, ensuring the scientific and rational nature of the slope protection structure and improving the standardization of the design. The layout points of the framework slope protection structure are determined based on the surrounding terrain surface and the three-dimensional model of the side slopes, reducing reliance on manual labor, improving design accuracy and intelligence, while ensuring the integrity and safety of the structure. The framework slope protection structure is arranged and quantities are calculated based on the cross-sectional profiles and layout points to obtain a framework slope protection design scheme, effectively improving the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of the results.

[0046] In summary, this application generates the cross-sectional profile of the components based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection, generates the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the overall three-dimensional model of the side slope, and then determines the layout points of the skeleton slope protection. Thus, the skeleton slope protection is designed based on the cross-sectional profile and layout points, overcoming the current problems of lacking high-precision, intelligent means and three-dimensional design results in the design of tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection. It can effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy and visualization of the results of skeleton slope protection. Attached Figure Description

[0047] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method of this application.

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the tunnel portal route and surrounding terrain for the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arch frame and water-retaining plate of the framework slope protection method for the tunnel entrance framework slope protection provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional solid model of the tunnel portal side slope skeleton design method provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a technical roadmap of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating Embodiment 2 of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the slope behind the tunnel entrance after excavation, which is the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a triangular facet of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the division of the slope area in the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0058] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the side slope surface of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0059] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the calculation of the layout points of the skeleton slope protection on the sub-curved surface of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0060] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the sub-circular arc subdivision of the transition zone subsurface of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0061] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the calculation of the skeleton slope protection layout points on the transition zone sub-curved surface of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0062] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method in this application embodiment.

[0064] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0065] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0066] To better understand the technical solution of this application, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0067] The main solution of this application embodiment is: to construct a three-dimensional model of the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the side slope; to extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generate the cross-sectional profile of the components based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection; to determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope; and to perform skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics according to the cross-sectional profile and the layout points to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0068] At present, the design of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection adopts a two-dimensional planar design method: (1) establish a three-dimensional terrain surface around the tunnel portal; (2) according to the target accuracy, make slope control sections perpendicular to the tunnel centerline at certain intervals along the tunnel centerline; (3) similarly, make uphill control sections parallel to the tunnel centerline at certain intervals; (4) design the skeleton form and its skeleton parameters in each control section. The current design method cannot meet the requirement of the skeleton slope protection in space being completely in contact with the ground surface after excavation, which easily leads to a large deviation between the design and the actual construction. On the other hand, the engineering quantity of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection can only be estimated by the following methods: (1) estimate the protection area of ​​the skeleton slope protection by cross section design drawings and longitudinal section design drawings; (2) estimate the number of skeletons required by dividing the protection area of ​​the skeleton slope protection by the area of ​​each unit skeleton; (3) obtain the final estimated engineering quantity of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection by multiplying the number of skeletons by the engineering quantity of the unit skeleton. It can be seen that the current tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design has low efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of results of skeleton slope protection is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0069] This application generates the cross-sectional profile of the components based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection, and generates the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the overall three-dimensional model of the side slope. Then, it determines the layout points of the skeleton slope protection, and designs the skeleton slope protection according to the cross-sectional profile and layout points. This overcomes the current problems of lacking high-precision, intelligent means and three-dimensional design results in the design of tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection, and can effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy and visualization of the results of skeleton slope protection.

[0070] It should be noted that the executing entity in this embodiment can be a computing service device with data processing, network communication, and program execution functions, such as a tablet computer, personal computer, or mobile phone, or an electronic device capable of performing the above functions, such as a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device. The following description uses a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device as an example to illustrate this embodiment and the subsequent embodiments.

[0071] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a method for designing a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method of this application.

[0072] In this embodiment, the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method includes steps S10 to S40:

[0073] Step S10: Construct a three-dimensional model of the terrain surface and side slopes surrounding the tunnel entrance.

[0074] It should be noted that the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance is a continuous surface reflecting the actual topographic undulations, and it includes ground elevation information around the entrance. The 3D model of the side slopes is a surface model of the side slopes constructed based on the design cross-sections and excavation design parameters of each side slope.

[0075] Understandably, when generating the 3D model of the tunnel slope, the first step is to acquire topographic data around the tunnel entrance. This data can be obtained through topographic surveying, remote sensing imagery, or digital elevation models (DEMs). Then, topographic data processing software or algorithms are used to interpolate, fit, and triangulate the topographic data to generate a continuous topographic surface model, i.e., the topographic surface around the tunnel entrance. Finally, the design cross-sections and parameters of the slope are determined, and an unexcavated slope model is generated based on these cross-sections and parameters.

[0076] In one feasible implementation, step S10 may include: acquiring tunnel route design data and tunnel topography data; establishing a local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance based on the tunnel route design data and topography data; performing coordinate system transformation on the tunnel topography data according to the local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance to generate a topographic surface around the tunnel entrance; acquiring the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the corresponding excavation design parameters, and generating a three-dimensional model of the side slope based on the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the excavation design parameters.

[0077] It should be noted that the design parameters for the excavation of the tunnel entrance side slope can be design parameters used for excavation calculations, such as slope height, slope ratio, and platform width. This embodiment does not impose specific restrictions on these parameters. Based on the tunnel route design data and topographic data from surveying and mapping, a local coordinate system is established with the inner rail top surface at the designed mileage of the tunnel entrance as the origin and the y-direction as the tunnel entry direction. After extracting the elevation point cloud of the terrain around the tunnel entrance, a triangulation algorithm is used to generate the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance. Design sections are taken at equal intervals along the tunnel route. Based on the terrain and geological conditions, the design parameters for the side slope excavation, such as slope height, slope ratio, and platform width, are determined for each design section, and the excavation outline is drawn. Based on the excavation outline of each design section, an overall three-dimensional model of the side slope is generated.

[0078] It is understandable that the entrance to a certain single-bore double-track tunnel is planned to be located within the section from DK331+700 to DK331+800. Within this section, the surrounding terrain and surface cover are primarily composed of completely weathered and weakly weathered sandstone strata. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel entrance route and surrounding terrain.

[0079] In the specific implementation, when the tunnel entrance for the skeleton slope protection design is a single-tube double-track tunnel as described above, a local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance is established based on the tunnel route and terrain data. The terrain data near the entrance is extracted, format-converted, and coordinate-converted to establish the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance. Combining the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance and its topographic and geological conditions, four levels of permanent slopes are designed for the entrance side slope. Levels I and II have a slope ratio of 1:0.75 and a height of 8m, while levels III and IV have a slope ratio of 1:1.25 and a height of 8m. The uphill slope has one level of temporary slope and four levels of permanent slopes. The temporary slope has a height of 11.25m, while levels I and II have a slope ratio of 1:0.75 and a height of 8m, and levels III and IV have a slope ratio of 1:1.25 and a height of 8m. Based on the excavation design parameters, excavation outlines are drawn within each design cross-section, and based on this, a three-dimensional model of the tunnel entrance side slope is generated.

[0080] Step S20: Extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

[0081] It should be noted that the skeleton slope protection in this embodiment can be an arched skeleton structure, a rhomboid skeleton structure, a herringbone skeleton structure, a polygonal skeleton structure, etc. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this, and this embodiment takes an arched skeleton structure as an example for explanation.

[0082] It is understood that the controlling parameters of the skeleton slope protection refer to the main parameters affecting the design of the skeleton slope protection, including but not limited to the main skeleton cross-sectional width, main skeleton cross-sectional height, arch skeleton cross-sectional width, arch skeleton cross-sectional height, arch skeleton arc radius, number of main skeleton columns, number of arch skeleton columns, main skeleton spacing, arch skeleton height, water-retaining plate height, water-retaining plate width, edging width, and edging height, etc. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations on these parameters. The cross-sectional profile of the components refers to the parameterized cross-sectional profile of the main components of the skeleton slope protection, including at least the parameterized cross-sectional profiles of the main components such as the main skeleton, water-retaining plate, and edging. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations on these parameters.

[0083] In one feasible implementation, step S20 may include: extracting the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection; designing the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection according to the excavation design parameters of the slope and the lithological distribution of the strata to obtain the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection; and generating the cross-sectional profile of the component according to the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

[0084] It should be noted that the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection are key design parameters extracted based on three principles: whether they are variable, whether they affect the geometry of the skeleton slope protection, and whether they depend on other parameters. As shown in Table 1, Table 1 is a schematic table of control parameters for the skeleton slope protection at the tunnel entrance. The table includes parameter names, data types, and units. Parameter names include main skeleton section width, main skeleton section height, arch skeleton section width, arch skeleton section height, arch skeleton arc radius, number of main skeleton columns, number of arch skeleton columns, main skeleton spacing, arch skeleton height, water retaining plate height, water retaining plate width, edging width, and edging height. Data types include double and int, and the unit is centimeters.

[0085] Table 1

[0086]

[0087] It is understandable that, by combining the comprehensive slope ratio of the tunnel side slope, the distribution of rock strata, and their engineering mechanical properties, the design values ​​of the control parameters for the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection are determined. Based on these design values, the cross-sectional profiles of the main skeleton, water-retaining plate, and edging are generated, such as... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arch frame and water retaining plate cross-section for the skeletal slope protection, including the cross-sectional outline of the arch frame and the water retaining plate.

[0088] In practical implementation, when the tunnel entrance for the skeleton slope protection design is the aforementioned single-tunnel double-track tunnel, the control parameters of the arch skeleton are designed based on the excavation design parameters of the side slope and the lithological distribution of the strata, and the cross-sectional profiles of the skeleton slope protection components are generated. The design values ​​of the control parameters of each component are shown in Table 2. Table 2 is a schematic table of the design values ​​of the control parameters of the tunnel entrance slope skeleton. The table includes parameter names, design values ​​and units. The parameter names include the main skeleton cross-sectional width, main skeleton cross-sectional height, arch skeleton cross-sectional width, arch skeleton cross-sectional height, arch skeleton arc radius, number of main skeleton columns, number of arch skeleton columns, spacing between main skeletons, arch skeleton height, water retaining plate height, water retaining plate width, edging width and edging height, and the corresponding design values ​​are 60, 80, 50, 60, 150, 17, 7, 300, 350, 30, 10, 60 and 100, respectively, in centimeters.

[0089] Table 2

[0090]

[0091] Step S30: Determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope.

[0092] It should be noted that the layout points of the skeleton slope protection refer to the shape and specific layout coordinates of the skeleton slope protection on the slope at the tunnel entrance, such as the layout coordinates of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton. This embodiment does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0093] Understandably, determining the placement points of the retaining frame is a crucial step in ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the slope protection structure. Based on the three-dimensional model of the slope, the coordinates of each retaining frame component can be precisely calculated. These coordinates will directly guide the installation of the retaining frame on the construction site, ensuring that each component is accurately and securely installed in its designated position.

[0094] Step S40: Based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points, the skeleton slope protection arrangement and engineering quantity statistics are carried out to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0095] It should be noted that the design of the skeleton slope protection refers to the detailed planning and design of the overall structure of the skeleton slope protection based on the determined cross-sectional profile and layout points. This includes determining the specific dimensions, shapes and connection methods of each component such as the main skeleton, arch skeleton, water retaining plate and edging, as well as their specific arrangement and angles on the slope, forming skeleton model, water retaining plate model and edging model, and then calculating the engineering quantities to use as the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0096] In one feasible implementation, step S40 may include: constructing a skeleton model and a water retaining plate model based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points of the skeleton slope protection; extracting the surface boundary line based on the side slope surface; constructing an edging model based on the cross-sectional profile and the surface boundary line; and performing skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics based on the skeleton model, the water retaining plate model and the edging model to obtain a skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0097] It should be noted that the skeleton slope protection design scheme is a crucial basis for ensuring the stability and safety of the tunnel entrance side slope. When constructing the skeleton model and the water-retaining plate model, the requirements for the cross-sectional profile and layout points must be strictly followed to ensure the accuracy of the size, shape, and position of each model. Simultaneously, based on the surface boundary lines extracted from the side slope sub-surface, a lining model that closely fits the side slope can be constructed, improving the overall stability and aesthetics of the slope protection.

[0098] Understandably, the skeleton model, water-retaining plate model, and edging model are established based on the layout points and cross-sectional contours. Based on the layout points of the main skeleton and water-retaining plates, combined with the cross-sectional contours of the main skeleton and water-retaining plates, the skeleton model and water-retaining plate model are established through sweeping. The surface boundary lines are extracted based on the slope surface, and combined with the edging cross-sectional contours, the edging model is created through sweeping. If a surface boundary line is adjacent to another surface, that boundary line is skipped. The skeleton model, water-retaining plate model, and edging model are then combined to generate a three-dimensional solid model of the skeleton slope protection.

[0099] It is worth noting that after generating the three-dimensional solid model of the skeleton slope protection, the model of each type of component in the three-dimensional solid model of the skeleton slope protection is traversed, and the volume of the solid is extracted and statistically analyzed to obtain the concrete volume of each type of component and the total concrete volume. The solid volume can be automatically calculated as the engineering quantity, which solves the problems of low accuracy of existing skeleton slope protection engineering quantities and the resulting difference between the calculated engineering quantity and the actual quantity, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of skeleton slope protection engineering quantity calculation.

[0100] In practical implementation, when the tunnel entrance for the skeleton slope protection design is a single-tunnel double-track tunnel as described above, the slope surface is traversed one by one, the adaptive placement points of the skeleton within the surface are calculated, and the adaptive placement points are connected to generate placement traces. The cross-sectional contours of each component are then swept along their placement traces to generate a three-dimensional solid model of the skeleton slope protection, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a 3D solid model of the tunnel entrance slope skeleton. The permanent slope, permanent back slope, and transition area in the diagram require the installation of the skeleton slope model, while the remaining areas are temporary slopes, temporary back slopes, and steps, which do not require skeleton slope protection. Based on the skeleton slope model, the solid volume of each type of component is extracted, and the concrete volume of each component and the total concrete volume are calculated, as shown in Table 3. Table 3 is a statistical table of the engineering volume of the tunnel entrance slope skeleton, including component type and concrete volume. The component types include skeleton concrete, water-retaining concrete, and edging concrete, with a corresponding concrete volume of 684.61 m³. 3 684.61m 3 and 86.47m 3 .

[0101] Table 3

[0102] Component type Concrete volume / m3 Framed concrete 684.61 Water-retaining concrete 684.61 Edging concrete 86.47

[0103] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5The technical roadmap for this embodiment includes: establishing a three-dimensional model of the terrain surface surrounding the tunnel entrance and the overall three-dimensional model of the tunnel entrance side slope; determining the key design parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generating the cross-sectional contours of the main components; generating a three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope based on excavation calculations of the terrain surface surrounding the tunnel entrance and the overall model of the side slope; discretizing, identifying, classifying, and recombining the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope to generate a sub-surface of the side slope; calculating the adaptive layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the sub-surface; establishing the main skeleton, water retaining plate, and edging model based on the layout points and cross-sectional contours; extracting the volume of the model entity and calculating the concrete volume. Discretizing, identifying, classifying, and recombining the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope includes: discretizing the overall side slope surface into triangular patches; classifying the discretized triangular patches; removing triangular patches unrelated to the skeleton layout; and regenerating the side slope sub-surface. The adaptive layout of the skeleton slope protection is calculated based on the subsurface, including: the calculation of skeleton layout points for the slope and back slope subsurfaces and the calculation of skeleton layout points for the transition area subsurfaces. The calculation of skeleton layout points for the slope and back slope subsurfaces includes the calculation of the main skeleton slope protection layout points and the calculation of the arch skeleton slope protection layout points. The calculation of skeleton layout points for the transition area subsurfaces includes the subdivision of the transition area subsurface, the calculation of the main skeleton slope protection layout points in the subdivided area, the calculation of the arch skeleton slope protection layout points in the subdivided area, and the calculation of all skeleton protection points within the subsurfaces.

[0104] This embodiment provides a method for designing a framework slope protection structure for tunnel entrances. First, a three-dimensional model of the surrounding terrain surface and side slopes of the tunnel entrance is constructed. 3D modeling technology accurately replicates the actual terrain morphology, facilitating a direct understanding of geological structures, slope variations, and spatial relationships, thus improving design efficiency. Control parameters for the framework slope protection structure are extracted, and cross-sectional profiles of components are generated based on these parameters, ensuring the scientific and rational nature of the slope protection structure and improving the standardization of the design. The placement of the framework slope protection structure is determined based on the surrounding terrain surface and the three-dimensional model of the side slopes, reducing reliance on manual labor, improving design accuracy and intelligence, while ensuring the integrity and safety of the structure. The framework slope protection structure is then arranged and quantities are calculated based on the cross-sectional profiles and placement points to obtain a framework slope protection design scheme, effectively improving the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of the results.

[0105] In summary, this embodiment generates the cross-sectional profile of the components based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection, generates the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the overall three-dimensional model of the side slope, and then determines the layout points of the skeleton slope protection. Thus, the skeleton slope protection is designed based on the cross-sectional profile and layout points, overcoming the current problems of lacking high-precision, intelligent means and three-dimensional design results in the design of tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection. It can effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy and visualization of the results of skeleton slope protection.

[0106] Based on the first embodiment of this application, in the second embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to that in Embodiment 1 above can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated hereafter. Based on this, please refer to... Figure 6 Step S30 further includes steps S301-S303:

[0107] Step S301: Based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope, perform excavation calculations to generate the three-dimensional surface of the side slope after excavation.

[0108] It should be noted that the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope is obtained by the excavation calculation results of the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the overall model of the side slope.

[0109] Understandably, excavation algorithms are used to process the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance, forming a three-dimensional model of the overall slope after the tunnel entrance is excavated, such as... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the slope behind the tunnel entrance after excavation.

[0110] Step S302: Generate a sub-surface of the side slope based on the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope.

[0111] It should be noted that, to further improve the flexibility and accuracy of the skeleton slope design, the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope is further divided into multiple sub-surfaces. This can be achieved by dividing the surface into different small regions, each sub-surface representing a specific part of the side slope. This division helps to more accurately determine the layout points of the skeleton slope in different areas to adapt to terrain changes and design requirements.

[0112] Understandably, the three-dimensional surface of the excavated slope is discretized, identified, classified, and recombined to generate a sub-surface for laying out the framework. Each triangular facet constituting the three-dimensional surface of the excavated slope is identified, and invalid triangular facets are removed. The remaining triangular facets are then classified according to their normal directions, grouping facets that are close in distance and have the same properties into the same type. Triangular facets belonging to the same type are then spliced ​​and recombined to generate the sub-surface of the slope.

[0113] In one feasible implementation, step 302 may include: discretizing the three-dimensional curved surface of the excavated side slope to obtain discretized triangular patches; classifying and filtering the discretized triangular patches to obtain target triangular patches; and recombining the target triangular patches to generate a side slope sub-surface.

[0114] It should be noted that the overall slope surface is discretized into triangular patches. For the overall three-dimensional surface of the tunnel entrance slope, it is discretized into multiple triangular patches, such as... Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a triangular facet.

[0115] Understandably, since the normal directions are different at different locations on the curved surface, the excavation surface needs to be classified to achieve an adaptive arrangement where the skeleton slope protection model perfectly fits the excavation surface. Based on spatial location and function, the discretized triangular facets can be divided into five categories: the left side slope of the tunnel entrance, the right side slope of the tunnel entrance, the uphill slope of the tunnel entrance, the left transition zone slope of the tunnel entrance, and the right transition zone slope of the tunnel entrance.

[0116] In the specific implementation, the discretized triangular facets are classified, which specifically includes: calculating the spatial position of the centroid of the triangular facet, that is, calculating the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, x) of the centroid of the facet according to the formula for the centroid of a triangle. c ,y c ,z c To determine the type of triangular facet, the area surrounding the tunnel entrance is divided into five regions using the starting mileage and the boundary mileage between the open and closed sections: the left slope facet, the right slope facet, the uphill slope facet, the left transition zone slope facet, and the right transition zone slope facet. Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the division of the slope area, based on the centroid of the area and the boundary x of each region. l x r y s y e The relationship between the two points determines the type of the facet; when the center of gravity x c Coordinates less than x l y c Coordinates greater than y s And less than y e When the surface is located on the left side slope of the opening; when the center of gravity x c Coordinates less than x l y c Coordinates greater than y e At that time, the surface belongs to the slope of the transition zone on the left side of the opening; when the center of gravity x c Coordinates greater than x l And less than x r y c Coordinates greater than y e At that time, the surface belongs to the upward slope of the opening; when the center of gravity x c Coordinates greater than x r y c Coordinates greater than y e At that time, the surface belongs to the slope of the transition zone on the right side of the opening; when the center of gravity x c Coordinates greater than x r y c Coordinates greater than y s And less than y eAt that time, the surface area belonged to the right slope of the opening.

[0117] It is worth noting that after classifying the discretized triangular faces, the classification includes all temporary slopes, permanent slopes, temporary uphill slopes, permanent uphill slopes, and steps. Temporary slopes, temporary uphill slopes, and steps do not require framework slope protection design and layout, therefore, relevant faces need to be filtered out. Specifically, step faces are identified and removed using the slope along the principal inclination direction. When a face is a left / right slope, its principal inclination direction is the x-direction; when a face is an uphill slope, its principal inclination direction is the y-direction; and when a face is a left / right transition zone slope, its principal inclination direction is from the face's centroid to (x...). l, y e ) / (x r ,y e ) Connecting directions. If the slope in the main inclination direction is less than 1:10, the surface is identified as a stepped surface and removed. Temporary slope surfaces are identified and removed using the centroid zc coordinate. When the centroid zc coordinate of the slope / upper slope / transition zone surface is lower than the design elevation of the top of the temporary slope / upper slope / transition slope, the surface is identified as a temporary slope surface and removed.

[0118] It is worth noting that the target triangular faces for classification and filtering are divided into n face sets according to the principle of adjacent faces with the same normal direction. Triangular faces within the same set are then connected to generate n edge-slope sub-surfaces {S1, S2, S3…S… n}, so as to facilitate the arrangement of the skeleton slope protection model, such as Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the curved surface of the slope.

[0119] Step S303: Determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the curved surface of the side slope.

[0120] It should be noted that the slope sub-surface includes at least the slope sub-surface, the slope sub-surface, and the transition area sub-surface. The layout points of the skeleton slope protection include at least the layout points of the main skeleton of the slope protection, the layout points of the arch skeleton of the slope protection, the layout points of the main skeleton of the subdivided area, and the layout points of the arch skeleton of the subdivided area. This implementation does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0121] In one feasible implementation, step 303 may include: determining the number and size of the skeleton based on the curved surface of the slope; determining the layout points of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton based on the number and size of the skeleton; and determining the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the layout points of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton.

[0122] It should be noted that the frame dimensions include the frame spacing B, frame width B1, and frame height H. The main frame layout points include at least the slope protection main frame layout points and the subdivided area main frame layout points. The arch frame layout points include at least the slope protection arch frame layout points and the subdivided area arch frame layout points. For the sub-surfaces of the left side slope, right side slope, and uphill slope of the tunnel entrance, calculate the slope protection main frame layout points and the slope protection arch frame layout points. For the sub-surfaces of the left side transition slope and right side transition slope of the tunnel entrance, calculate the key layout points, subdivided area main frame layout points, and subdivided area arch frame layout points.

[0123] Understandably, the calculation of the skeleton layout points on the sub-surface of the slope and the sub-surface of the inverted slope yields the layout points of the main skeleton of the slope protection and the arch skeleton of the slope protection. Specifically, taking the left slope as an example, the calculation of the skeleton slope protection points for the left slope, right slope, and inverted slope sub-surface of the opening is explained. The algorithm for the layout points of the skeleton slope protection on the remaining right slope and inverted slope sub-surface is the same as that on the left slope. Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the calculation of points for the skeleton slope protection layout on the sub-surface of the slope. The diagram includes the skeleton spacing B, skeleton width B1, skeleton height H, main skeleton centerlines L0, L1, L2, L3, ... Ln, and points P0, P1, P2, P3, ... Pn at the lower left corner of sub-surface Si. Assuming the left slope has surfaces S1, S2, S3, ... Sn (ordered from outside the tunnel to inside), and assuming the standard skeleton size is H (height) * B (width), for each surface Si, obtain point P0 at the lower left corner of sub-surface Si, and calculate the main skeleton centerline L from left to right on the sub-surface. n The locations of the longitudinal main framework points are as follows:

[0124] Pn=P0+(B+B1)*n

[0125] Where Pn is the point of the longitudinal main skeleton, P0 is the point of the lower left corner of the subsurface Si, B is the skeleton spacing, B1 is the skeleton width, n = the projection length of the subsurface Si in the line direction / (B + B1), and n is rounded down to the nearest integer.

[0126] Along the longitudinal skeleton Li of each arch frame, starting from the bottom, a control point is taken every H meters, for a total of m control points. The coordinates of the points for each arch frame are as follows:

[0127] P(n,m)=Pn+H*m

[0128] Where P(n,m) are the coordinates of each arch frame layout point, Pn is the position of the longitudinal main frame, H is the frame height, m ​​= length of Li / H, and m is rounded down to the nearest integer.

[0129] It should be noted that the calculation of the layout points of the skeleton on the sub - surface of the transition area is carried out to obtain the layout points of the main skeleton in the subdivision area and the layout points of the arch skeleton in the subdivision area. Specifically, taking the left - hand transition area slope as an example, the calculation of the layout points of the sub - surface skeleton slope protection in the tunnel entrance transition area is described. The algorithm for the layout points of the slope protection on the right - hand transition area slope is the same as that on the left - hand side. Taking the intersection of the slope and the inverted slope as the origin, the transition surface is divided by an angle θ. Then the left - hand transition area is split into r * 90 / θ regions of the permanent slope surface in the transition area. The shape of each region is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, as Figure 12 shown Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the circular arc subdivision of the sub - surface of the transition area. For each region Fi obtained by subdivision, calculate the maximum elevation Himax, the minimum elevation Him in the region, and the boundary vector V1 near the left - hand slope. Then, according to the skeleton height H, calculate the number of layers of the skeleton slope protection and the elevation of each layer of the skeleton slope protection:

[0130] Hi = H * i

[0131] where Hi is the elevation of each region Fi obtained by subdivision, H is the skeleton height, 0 < i < Num, and Num is the number of layers of the skeleton slope protection, which is calculated by rounding up Himax / H.

[0132] Calculate the normal vector Vi of the left - hand boundary line of the region. Based on the boundary line, offset a distance (B1 + B) in the direction of Vi until the entire region Fi is covered, and obtain the center line of the main skeleton in the region.

[0133] Starting from the bottom of the region, take a control point at an interval of H meters along the adjacent main skeleton center lines as the layout points of the arch skeleton slope protection. If the calculated lateral width is less than B, truncation layout is required to meet the length requirement. Starting from the region near the slope side, calculate all the layout points of the skeleton slope protection on the left - hand transition area sub - surface. Repeat the above steps until all the layout points of the skeleton slope protection on the right - hand transition area sub - surface are calculated. As Figure 13 shown Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the calculation of the layout points of the skeleton slope protection on the sub - surface of the transition area.

[0134] In this embodiment, by generating the sub - surface of the side - inverted slope from the three - dimensional surface of the side - inverted slope after excavation determined by the three - dimensional model of the side - inverted slope, and then determining the layout points of the skeleton slope protection, the design efficiency and accuracy of the skeleton slope protection can be improved.

[0135] It should be noted that the above examples are only for understanding this application and do not constitute a limitation on the design method of the tunnel - entrance skeleton slope protection of this application. Based on this technical concept, more simple transformations in various forms are within the protection scope of this application.

[0136] This application also provides a device for designing the tunnel - entrance skeleton slope protection. Please refer to Figure 14The tunnel entrance frame slope protection design device includes:

[0137] Module 10 is used to build a 3D model of the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the side slopes;

[0138] Extraction module 20 is used to extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection;

[0139] The determination module 30 is used to determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope;

[0140] The statistics module 40 is used to perform the skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0141] This embodiment provides a design device for a tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection structure. First, it constructs a three-dimensional model of the surrounding terrain surface and the side slope of the tunnel entrance. Using 3D modeling technology, it accurately reproduces the actual terrain morphology, facilitating a direct understanding of geological structures, slope variations, and spatial relationships, thus improving design efficiency. It extracts the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection structure and generates the cross-sectional profiles of the components based on these parameters, ensuring the scientific and rational nature of the slope protection structure and improving the standardization of the design. Based on the surrounding terrain surface and the three-dimensional model of the side slope, it determines the layout points of the skeleton slope protection structure, reducing reliance on manual labor, improving design accuracy and intelligence, while ensuring the integrity and safety of the structure. Finally, based on the cross-sectional profiles and layout points, it performs skeleton slope protection layout and quantity calculations to obtain a skeleton slope protection design scheme, effectively improving the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of the results.

[0142] In summary, this embodiment generates the cross-sectional profile of the components based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection, generates the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the overall three-dimensional model of the side slope, and then determines the layout points of the skeleton slope protection. Thus, the skeleton slope protection is designed based on the cross-sectional profile and layout points, overcoming the current problems of lacking high-precision, intelligent means and three-dimensional design results in the design of tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection. It can effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy and visualization of the results of skeleton slope protection.

[0143] Optionally, the construction module 10 is further configured to acquire tunnel route design data and tunnel topographic data; establish a local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance based on the tunnel route design data and topographic data; perform coordinate system transformation on the tunnel topographic data according to the local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance to generate a topographic surface around the tunnel entrance; acquire the design cross section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the corresponding excavation design parameters, and generate a three-dimensional model of the side slope according to the design cross section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the excavation design parameters.

[0144] Optionally, the extraction module 20 is further configured to extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection; design the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection according to the excavation design parameters of the slope and the lithological distribution of the strata, and obtain the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection; and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component according to the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

[0145] Optionally, the determining module 30 is further configured to perform excavation calculations based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope, generate a three-dimensional surface of the side slope after excavation; generate a sub-surface of the side slope based on the three-dimensional surface of the side slope after excavation; and determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the sub-surface of the side slope.

[0146] Optionally, the determining module 30 is further configured to discretize the three-dimensional curved surface of the excavated side slope to obtain discrete triangular patches; classify and filter the discrete triangular patches to obtain target triangular patches; and reassemble the target triangular patches to generate a side slope sub-surface.

[0147] Optionally, the determining module 30 is further configured to determine the number and size of the skeleton based on the side slope surface; determine the layout points of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton based on the number and size of the skeleton; and determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the layout points of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton.

[0148] Optionally, the statistics module 40 is further configured to construct a skeleton model and a water retaining plate model based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points of the skeleton slope protection; extract the surface boundary line based on the side slope surface; construct an edging model based on the cross-sectional profile and the surface boundary line; and perform skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics based on the skeleton model, the water retaining plate model and the edging model to obtain a skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0149] The tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device provided in this application, employing the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method described in the above embodiments, can solve the technical problem of how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of results for skeleton slope protection. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device provided in this application are the same as those of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features in the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device are the same as those disclosed in the methods of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] This application provides a tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method in the above embodiment 1.

[0151] The following is for reference. Figure 15 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic of a tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device suitable for implementing embodiments of this application. The tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design device in this application may include, but is not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital radio receivers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), PADs (Portable Application Description), PMPs (Portable Media Players), vehicle terminals (e.g., vehicle navigation terminals), and fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. Figure 15 The tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0152] like Figure 15As shown, the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design equipment may include a processing unit 1001 (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or the program loaded from the storage device 1003 into the random access memory (RAM) 1004. The RAM 1004 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design equipment. The processing unit 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1004 are interconnected via a bus 1005. An input / output (I / O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Typically, the following systems can be connected to I / O interface 1006: input devices 1007 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, image sensors, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 1008 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 1003 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 1009. Communication device 1009 allows the tunnel portal frame slope protection design equipment to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although the figure shows a tunnel portal frame slope protection design equipment with various systems, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all the systems shown. More or fewer systems can be implemented alternatively.

[0153] Specifically, according to the embodiments disclosed in this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments disclosed in this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device, or installed from storage device 1003, or installed from ROM 1002. When the computer program is executed by processing device 1001, it performs the functions defined in the methods of the embodiments disclosed in this application.

[0154] The tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design equipment provided in this application, employing the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method described in the above embodiments, can solve the technical problem of how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of results for skeleton slope protection. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design equipment provided in this application are the same as those of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features of this tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design equipment are the same as those disclosed in the previous embodiment method, and will not be repeated here.

[0155] It should be understood that the various parts disclosed in this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0156] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0157] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (i.e., a computer program) stored thereon, the computer-readable program instructions being used to execute the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method in the above embodiments.

[0158] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this application may be, for example, a USB flash drive, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, system, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0159] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may be included in the tunnel portal frame slope protection design equipment; or it may exist independently and not be assembled into the tunnel portal frame slope protection design equipment.

[0160] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs. When these programs are executed by the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design equipment, the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design equipment: constructs a three-dimensional model of the terrain surface surrounding the tunnel portal and the side slope; extracts the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generates the cross-sectional profile of the components based on the control parameters; determines the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface surrounding the tunnel portal and the three-dimensional model of the side slope; and performs skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics according to the cross-sectional profile and the layout points to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

[0161] Computer program code for performing the operations of this application can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0162] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0163] The modules described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in software or hardware. The names of the modules do not necessarily limit the functionality of the unit itself.

[0164] The readable storage medium provided in this application is a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-readable program instructions (i.e., computer programs) for executing the above-described tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method. This addresses the technical problem of how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of results for skeleton slope protection. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application are the same as those of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0165] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method described above.

[0166] The computer program product provided in this application can solve the technical problem of how to effectively improve the design efficiency, accuracy, and visualization of results for skeleton slope protection. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer program product provided in this application are the same as those of the tunnel portal skeleton slope protection design method provided in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0167] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for designing a tunnel entrance frame slope protection, characterized in that, The method includes: Construct a 3D model of the terrain surface and side slopes surrounding the tunnel entrance; Extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection, and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection; The layout points of the skeleton slope protection are determined based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope. Based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points, the skeleton slope protection arrangement and engineering quantity are calculated to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme. The determination of the layout points for the framework slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope includes: Excavation calculations are performed based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope to generate the three-dimensional surface of the side slope after excavation. Generate a sub-surface of the side slope based on the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope; The layout points of the skeleton slope protection are determined based on the curved surface of the slope. The process of generating a sub-surface of the side slope based on the three-dimensional surface of the excavated side slope includes: The three-dimensional curved surface of the excavated slope is discretized to obtain discretized triangular facets. The discrete triangular facets are classified and filtered to obtain the target triangular facets; The target triangular facet is recombined to generate an edge-sloping sub-surface; The layout points of the framework slope protection are determined based on the aforementioned slope surface, including: The number and size of the skeleton are determined based on the aforementioned slope surface. The locations of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton are determined based on the number and size of the skeleton. The layout points of the skeleton slope protection are determined based on the layout points of the main skeleton and the arch skeleton.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the three-dimensional model of the terrain surface and side slopes around the tunnel entrance includes: Obtain tunnel route design data and tunnel topography data; A local coordinate system for the tunnel entrance is established based on the tunnel route design data and terrain data. Based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel entrance, the tunnel topographic data is transformed to generate the topographic surface around the tunnel entrance. Obtain the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the corresponding excavation design parameters, and generate a three-dimensional model of the side slope based on the design cross-section of the tunnel entrance side slope and the excavation design parameters.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of extracting the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generating the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection includes: Extract the controlling parameters of the skeleton slope protection; Based on the design parameters of the slope excavation and the lithological distribution of the strata, the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection are designed to obtain the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection. The cross-sectional profile of the component is generated based on the design values ​​of the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of arranging and calculating the quantities of the retaining frame based on the cross-sectional profile and the locations of the installation points, to obtain a retaining frame design scheme, includes: Construct a skeleton model and a water retaining plate model based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points of the skeleton slope protection; Extract the surface boundary line from the edge slope surface; Construct a edging model based on the cross-sectional profile and the surface boundary line; Based on the skeleton model, the water-retaining plate model, and the edging model, the skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics are carried out to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

5. A tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design device, wherein the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design device performs the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The tunnel entrance frame slope protection design device includes: The building module is used to construct a 3D model of the terrain surface and side slopes around the tunnel entrance. An extraction module is used to extract the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection and generate the cross-sectional profile of the component based on the control parameters of the skeleton slope protection. The determination module is used to determine the layout points of the skeleton slope protection based on the terrain surface around the tunnel entrance and the three-dimensional model of the side slope; The statistics module is used to perform skeleton slope protection layout and engineering quantity statistics based on the cross-sectional profile and the layout points, so as to obtain the skeleton slope protection design scheme.

6. A tunnel entrance frame slope protection design device, characterized in that, The tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design device includes: a memory, a processor, and a tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design program is configured to implement the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the tunnel entrance skeleton slope protection design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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