Structural layout for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary

Abstract

The present invention discloses a structural arrangement method for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system, wherein the ore body is divided vertically from bottom to top into middle section I, middle section II, middle section III and middle section IV; a top protection ore pillar / rock pillar (3) is left at the top of middle section IV; a horizontal isolation ore pillar (2) of a certain thickness is left every 2 to 3 middle sections (1); vertical spacer pillars (4) are left at a certain interval in the middle section (1); a chute (12) is arranged at 40 to 150 m intervals on one side of a mine exit tunnel (11); 3 to 5 segmented stopes (15) are divided in the middle section IV, a rock drilling tunnel (17) is arranged at the bottom of the segmented stope (15), a middle cutting groove (16) is formed in the middle of the rock drilling tunnel (17), and a fan-shaped medium-deep hole (18) is arranged in the rock drilling tunnel (17). Compared with traditional solutions, the production capacity of the mining site has increased by more than 50%, the mining cost per ton of ore has been reduced by nearly 20%, and the economic benefits are significant. At the same time, the safe mining of medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system has been achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and specifically relates to an arrangement method for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system. The invention can be widely used in underground mining of solid mines such as ferrous, non-ferrous, gold, chemical, and coal mines. Background Art

[0002] The Quaternary lower medium-thick to thick ore body refers to an ore body with a thickness of more than 5m and a certain thickness of Quaternary ore body on top. Since the Quaternary ore body is mostly sand, sub-clay, sub-sand, and interbedded sand and soil, there are generally many porous aquifers, which are relatively soft in structure and have low supporting capacity. At the same time, the ore body is medium-thick to thick and the mining scale is large. At present, it is difficult to balance safety and low-cost mining for this type of ore body. The main manifestations are:

[0003] (1) The traditional fan-shaped medium-deep hole or downward large hole mining method is used. The exposed area of ​​the mining area is large and the exposure time is long. Although large-scale mining can be achieved, it is easy to cause the surrounding rock of the mining area to collapse, which in turn causes the overlying Quaternary system and groundwater to flow into the mining area, affecting the safety of underground production.

[0004] (2) If small-scale stope structural parameters are selected and a large number of pillars are left, although the stability of the stope surrounding rock can be guaranteed, the stope has disadvantages such as large mining and cutting workload, long preparation time, low production efficiency, low mining recovery rate, and serious waste of resources. This will lead to excessively high mining costs, which are difficult for mining companies to bear.

[0005] It can be seen that there is currently no safe and efficient mining method for medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the Lower Quaternary. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a structural layout method for mining medium-thick to thick large ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system, in order to address the problems faced by mining medium-thick to thick large ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system, such as unsafe operations, large pillar losses, low production efficiency and high mining costs. This structural layout method is based on the mining technical conditions of medium-thick to thick large ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system. Under the premise of ensuring safety, it can improve the ore recovery rate and the production capacity of the mining site as much as possible and reduce the mining cost.

[0007] The present invention has a Quaternary system in the upper part of the ore body, with a porous aquifer, a relatively soft structure, and low support strength, which poses safety hazards, great mining difficulty, low mining efficiency, and low recovery rate. Therefore, to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to implement the structural layout method for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system:

[0008] 1) According to the thickness of the ore body, the ore body is divided into several middle sections along the vertical direction, namely middle section I, middle section II, middle section III and middle section IV from bottom to top; top rock drilling chambers are set at the top of middle section I, middle section II and middle section III, and ore exit tunnels are set at the bottom of middle section I, middle section II and middle section III;

[0009] 2) A rock pillar / roof support is left at the top of the uppermost middle section - middle section IV to prevent the upper Quaternary system and its groundwater from flowing into the void during mining;

[0010] 3) Leave a certain thickness of horizontal isolation pillars every 2-3 middle sections to reduce the impact of the cumulative settlement and compression of the filling body on the upper roof pillars / rock pillars and the Quaternary system;

[0011] 4) Leave vertical pillars at regular intervals in the middle section to support the upper roof pillars / rock pillars and horizontal isolation pillars;

[0012] 5) Place chutes every 40 to 150 meters on one side of the mine roadway, and dig a loading route every 10 to 15 meters towards the footwall of the ore body in the mine roadway; dig a trench at the end of the loading route, arrange fan-shaped medium-deep holes in the trench and form a bottom cutting groove; arrange downward-pointing large holes in the top rock drilling chamber;

[0013] 6) Divide the uppermost middle section - middle section IV into 3 to 5 sub-sections, arrange rock drilling tunnels at the bottom of the sub-sections, form a central cutting groove in the middle of the rock drilling tunnels, and arrange fan-shaped medium-deep holes in the rock drilling tunnels;

[0014] 7) A ramp is arranged at the foot of the ore body to connect the middle sections and the top drilling chambers and mine exit tunnels in the middle sections to facilitate the up and down movement of trackless equipment and personnel.

[0015] Furthermore, the middle section has a height of 50 to 100 m, the segmented stope has a height of 10 to 25 m, and the length of each segmented stope is 40 to 100 m.

[0016] Furthermore, the mining tunnel is arranged along the direction of the ore body within the middle section I, middle section II and middle section III, 10 to 20 meters away from the footwall of the ore body.

[0017] Furthermore, the thickness of the top protection pillar / rock pillar is 10 to 30 m; the thickness of the horizontal isolation pillar is 10 to 20 m; and the width of the intermediate pillar is 10 to 20 m.

[0018] Furthermore, the chute is arranged every 50 to 100 meters on one side of the mine tunnel.

[0019] The structural arrangement for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system of the present invention adopts the above technical solution, which specifically shows the following positive effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention reduces the disturbance of the upper Quaternary system caused by the cumulative settlement and compression of the filling body and reduces the impact of ore body mining on the upper Quaternary system by leaving a certain specification of top protection pillars, horizontal isolation pillars and intermediate pillars, while ensuring the recovery rate.

[0021] (2) The present invention adopts downward large holes for middle section mining in the lower middle sections (middle section I, middle section II and middle section III), which greatly improves the production capacity of the mining area and reduces the mining cost. The uppermost middle section fan-shaped medium-deep holes are used for segmented mining, which reduces the exposed area of ​​the mining area and shortens the mining time, further reduces the impact of mining disturbance on the stability of the top pillar / rock pillar, and realizes the safe and efficient mining of medium-thick to thick large ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system.

[0022] (3) After the present invention adopts the above-mentioned structural arrangement, the mining recovery rate is reduced by 2-3% compared with the traditional scheme, but the production capacity of the mining field is increased by more than 50%, and the mining cost per ton of ore is reduced by nearly 20%, with significant economic benefits. At the same time, the safe mining of medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structural arrangement for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a right view of the structural arrangement for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a top view of the structural arrangement for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system according to the present invention.

[0026] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-middle section; 2-horizontal isolation pillar; 3-roof protection pillar / rock pillar; 4-intermediate pillar; 5-ramp; 6-bottom cutting groove; 7-top rock drilling chamber; 8-downward large hole; 9-cutting trench; 10-loading access road; 11-mine exit tunnel; 12-chute; 13-filling body; 14-Quaternary system; 15-segmented stope; 16-middle cutting groove; 17-rock drilling tunnel; 18-fan-shaped medium-deep hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To better describe the present invention, the structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Depend on Figure 1 The main view of the structural arrangement of the invention for mining the medium-thick to thick ore body under the Quaternary system is shown in combination with Figure 2 、 Figure 3It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present invention, the upper part of the ore body is the Quaternary system 14. In order to ensure mining safety, the structural arrangement of the present invention for mining medium-thick to thick ore bodies under the Quaternary system is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0029] 1) According to the thickness of the ore body, several middle sections 1 are divided along the vertical direction of the ore body, namely middle section I, middle section II, middle section III and middle section IV from bottom to top; top rock drilling chambers 7 are provided at the top of middle sections I, middle section II and middle section III, and mining tunnels 11 are provided at the bottom of middle sections I, middle section II and middle section III; the middle section 1 is 50 to 100 m high, and mining is carried out in a bottom-up order between the middle sections. After mining is completed in each stope in the middle section 1, tailings are used to cement and fill the empty areas.

[0030] 2) A top protection pillar / rock pillar 3 is left at the top of the uppermost middle section 1 to middle section IV. The thickness of the top protection pillar / rock pillar 3 is 10 to 30 meters to prevent the Quaternary system 14 and the groundwater inside it from flowing into the void area during mining.

[0031] 3) A horizontal isolation pillar 2 of a certain thickness is left every 2 to 3 middle sections 1; the horizontal isolation pillar 2 is 10 to 20 meters thick to reduce the impact of the cumulative settlement and compression of the filling body on the top protection pillar / rock pillar 3 and the Quaternary system 14

[0032] 4) Vertical pillars 4 are set at regular intervals in the middle section 1 to support the upper top protection pillars / rock pillars 3 and the horizontal isolation pillars 2;

[0033] 5) Chutes 12 are arranged every 40 to 150 m on one side of the mine exit tunnel 11, and loading access roads 10 are excavated every 10 to 15 m in the mine exit tunnel 11 toward the footwall of the ore body; trenches 9 are excavated at the end of the loading access road 10, fan-shaped medium-depth holes are arranged in the trenches 9, and bottom cutting grooves 6 are formed; downward large holes 8 are arranged in the top drilling chamber 7.

[0034] 6) Divide the uppermost middle section 1 to middle section IV into 3 to 5 sub-level stopes 15, arrange a rock drilling tunnel 17 at the bottom of the sub-level stope 15, form a central cutting groove 16 in the middle of the rock drilling tunnel 17, and arrange fan-shaped medium-deep holes 18 in the rock drilling tunnel 17;

[0035] 7) A ramp 5 is arranged at the foot of the ore body to connect the middle sections 1 and the top drilling chamber 7 and the mine exit tunnel 11 in the middle section 1, so as to facilitate the up and down movement of trackless equipment and personnel.

[0036] The mining methods are:

[0037] S1: First, the middle section I at the bottom is mined. Using the cutting space 6 as the free surface, a reverse step blasting method is used. The collapsed ore falls into the trench 9 at the bottom of the stope. A scraper is used to unload the ore into the chute 12 via the loading access 10 and the exit tunnel 11. After the ore is transported from the stope, all channels in the empty area are sealed and the empty area is filled with tailings to form a filling body 13 of a certain strength.

[0038] S2: After the mining of middle section I is completed, repeat the S1 process to mine the remaining middle section II and middle section III stopes until the end;

[0039] S3: Finally, the uppermost middle section - middle section IV is mined. The middle section IV is divided into 3 to 5 sub-sections 15. The sub-sections are mined from the bottom up from the lowest sub-section 15 in the middle section IV to reduce the exposed area of ​​the stope and shorten the mining time, further reducing the impact of mining on the upper roof pillars / rock pillars 3 and the Quaternary system 14. The sub-sections 15 in the lower part of the middle section IV are mined first, and the mining is withdrawn on both sides with the middle cutting groove 16 as the free surface. The collapsed ore falls into the rock drilling tunnel 17 and is unloaded into the chute 12 by a scraper through the loading access road 10 and the mining tunnel 11. After the ore is transported in the stope, the channels in the empty area are also blocked, and the empty area is filled with tailings to form a filling body 13 with a certain strength.

[0040] S4: Repeat the S3 process and mine the remaining sub-sections 15 in the middle section IV in sequence upward until the end.

[0041] The present invention reduces the safety impact of ore body mining on the upper Quaternary system while ensuring the recovery rate by leaving roof protection pillars / rock pillars 3, horizontal isolation pillars 2 and intermediate pillars 4 of certain specifications; the middle sections (middle section I, middle section II and middle section III) of the lower part (middle section I, middle section II and middle section III) adopt high-efficiency downward large holes for middle section recovery, which greatly improves the production capacity of the stope and reduces the mining cost; and the uppermost middle section adopts medium-deep hole segmented recovery, which reduces the exposed area of ​​the stope and shortens the recovery time, further reduces the impact of mining disturbance on the stability of the roof protection pillars, and solves the problem of safe and efficient mining of medium-thick to thick ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system.

[0042] It should be noted that the above steps of the present invention do not strictly represent the order of implementation. During the specific implementation process, they can be appropriately adjusted based on actual conditions.

[0043] This invention has been successfully applied in several underground iron mines in Anhui Province. Field verification shows that while the recovery rate is 2-3% lower than with traditional methods, the production capacity of the stope has increased by over 50%, and the cost per ton of ore has been reduced by nearly 20%, resulting in significant economic benefits. It also enables the safe mining of medium-thick to large ore bodies in the lower Quaternary system.

Claims

1. A structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system, wherein the upper part of the ore body is the Quaternary system (14), characterized in that The following technical solutions are implemented: 1) According to the thickness of the ore body, the ore body is divided into several middle sections (1) along the vertical direction, which are middle section I, middle section II, middle section III and middle section IV from bottom to top; a top rock drilling chamber (7) is provided at the top of middle section I, middle section II and middle section III, and a mine exit tunnel (11) is provided at the bottom of middle section I, middle section II and middle section III; 2) A top protection pillar / rock pillar (3) is set up at the top of the uppermost middle section (1) to the middle section IV; 3) A horizontal isolation pillar (2) of a certain thickness is left every 2 to 3 middle sections (1); 4) Vertical pillars (4) are set at regular intervals in the middle section (1) to support the top protection pillars / rock pillars (3) and the horizontal isolation pillars (2); 5) chute shafts (12) are arranged at intervals of 40 to 150 m on one side of the mine exit tunnel (11), and a loading access road (10) is excavated at intervals of 10 to 15 m toward the footwall of the ore body in the mine exit tunnel (11); a trench (9) is excavated at the end of the loading access road (10), fan-shaped medium-depth holes are arranged in the trench (9), and a bottom cutting groove (6) is formed; and a downward-facing large hole (8) is arranged in the top rock drilling chamber (7); 6) Divide the uppermost middle section (1) to middle section IV into 3 to 5 sub-sections (15), arrange a rock drilling tunnel (17) at the bottom of the sub-section (15), form a middle cutting groove (16) in the middle of the rock drilling tunnel (17), and arrange fan-shaped medium-deep holes (18) in the rock drilling tunnel (17); 7) Arrange a ramp (5) in the footwall of the ore body to connect the middle sections (1) and the top drilling chamber (7) in the middle section (1) and the mine roadway (11).

2. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle section (1) has a height of 50 to 100 m, and the segmented stope (15) has a height of 10 to 25 m.

3. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of each segmented stope (15) is 40 to 100 m.

4. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining tunnel (11) is arranged along the direction of the ore body in the middle section I, middle section II and middle section III, 10 to 20 meters away from the footwall of the ore body.

5. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the top protection pillar / rock pillar (3) is 10 to 30 m.

6. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the horizontal isolation pillar (2) is 10 to 20 m.

7. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the intercolumn (4) is 10 to 20 m.

8. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The chute (12) is arranged every 50 to 100 meters on one side of the mine roadway (11).

9. The structural arrangement for mining a medium-thick to thick ore body in the lower Quaternary system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The mining tunnel (11) is arranged along the direction of the ore body in the middle section I, middle section II and middle section III at a distance of 10 to 20 meters from the footwall of the ore body; the thickness of the top protection pillar / rock pillar (3) is 10 to 30 meters, the thickness of the horizontal isolation pillar (2) is 10 to 20 meters, and the width of the intermediate pillar (4) is 10 to 20 meters; the chute (12) is arranged every 50 to 100 meters on one side of the mining tunnel (11).

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