A quantum random number generator and generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling

Abstract

This invention discloses a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling, comprising an amplified spontaneous emission signal source, a simplified linear optical sampling module, a detection quantization module, and a post-processing module. This invention also discloses a quantum random number generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling, implemented using the aforementioned quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling. This invention utilizes simplified linear optical sampling to effectively overcome timing jitter, improve sampling speed and accuracy, and achieve high-speed random number generation. Furthermore, it employs an amplified spontaneous emission signal source, which exhibits significant amplification of spontaneous emission characteristics. The output of the amplified spontaneous emission signal source can be directly measured as a random signal. The system's optical path is simple and easy to integrate. Since spontaneous emission is a quantum entropy source, it conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, ensuring the randomness of the generated random numbers, and thus possesses high practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum random number generator technology, and specifically to a quantum random number generator and generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling. Background Technology

[0002] Random numbers have significant applications in many fields, including cryptography, simulation modeling, data processing, and sampling. Quantum random numbers are generated using devices based on quantum physics principles. Unlike traditional pseudo-random number generators, they rely on the randomness of quantum mechanisms, possessing unconditional security and offering higher levels of randomness and security.

[0003] Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is an optical amplification phenomenon. In optical amplifiers or lasers, when particles are excited, they transition from the ground state to an excited state, typically lasting only nanoseconds or sub-nanoseconds. When the excited-state particles spontaneously transition back to the ground state, they emit spontaneously emitted photons with random frequency and direction. Amplified spontaneous emission is particularly prominent in devices such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and superluminescence light-emitting diodes (SLEDs), and is often used to generate random numbers. Among these, quantum random number generators based on amplified spontaneous emission, implemented using SLEDs, have become a research hotspot due to their simple optical path structure, direct detection capability, and ease of integration.

[0004] As the application of random numbers expands, the demand for high-speed random number generation is increasing. However, existing random signal measurement schemes based on high-speed photoelectric analog-to-digital conversion and high-precision electrical domain sampling are limited by timing jitter in electronic devices, resulting in an "electronic bottleneck." This makes it difficult and costly to achieve high-speed random number generation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that current methods for generating high-speed random numbers are difficult due to the "electronic bottleneck" caused by timing jitter in electronic devices, this invention provides a quantum random number generator and generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling includes an amplified spontaneous emission signal source, a simplified linear optical sampling module, a detection quantization module, and a post-processing module;

[0008] The amplified spontaneous emission signal source is used to generate ASE noise signal, and after filtering and polarization control, the output is used as signal light.

[0009] The simplified linear optical sampling module generates ultrashort optical pulses as sampling light, and couples the sampling light and signal light to output three optical signals: optical signal I1, optical signal I2, and optical signal I3. Optical signal I1 is then split to obtain optical signal I... 11 and light signal I 12 After splitting the optical signal I3, the optical signal I is obtained. 31 and light signal I 32 ; to transmit optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the optical signal I2 is input together with the optical signal I2 into the detection quantization module, which then converts the optical signal I... 12 and light signal I 32 The input is fed into the detection quantization module; and a clock signal is provided to the detection quantization module.

[0010] The detection quantization module is used to detect the input optical signal, convert it into an electrical signal, and quantize the converted electrical signal according to a clock signal to obtain a digital signal.

[0011] The post-processing module is used to generate the final random number based on the digital signal.

[0012] In the above scheme, the simplified linear optical sampling can effectively overcome timing jitter, improve the sampling speed and accuracy, and realize high-speed random number generation. Moreover, it adopts an amplified spontaneous emission signal source with significant amplified spontaneous emission characteristics. The output of the amplified spontaneous emission signal source can be directly measured as a random signal. The system optical path is simple and easy to integrate. Furthermore, spontaneous emission is a quantum entropy source, which conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, ensuring the randomness of the generated random numbers and has high practical value.

[0013] Preferably, the amplified spontaneous emission signal source includes a superluminescent diode, a bandpass filter, a polarization controller, and an optical isolator;

[0014] The superluminescent diode generates an ASE noise signal. After being filtered by a bandpass filter, the ASE noise signal enters a polarization controller for polarization control, and then passes through an optical isolator to output as signal light.

[0015] Preferably, the simplified linear optical sampling module includes a mode-locked laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler, and a fourth coupler;

[0016] The mode-locked laser generates femtosecond-level ultrashort optical pulses. After the ultrashort optical pulses are split by a wavelength division multiplexer, one path is used as a clock signal input to the detection quantization module, and the other path is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and used as sampling light.

[0017] The sampling light and signal light enter the first coupler for coupling, and then output three optical signals; among them,

[0018] The second coupler is used to split the optical signal I1;

[0019] The third coupler is used to split the optical signal I3;

[0020] The fourth coupler is used for optical signal I. 11 and light signal I 31 Perform the bundle assembly.

[0021] Preferably, the first coupler is a 3×3 fiber optic coupler.

[0022] Preferably, the output of the 3×3 fiber coupler is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0025] Preferably, both the second and third couplers are 50:50 fiber optic couplers.

[0026] Preferably, the detection quantization module includes a first balanced detector, a second balanced detector, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, and a photodetector;

[0027] The ultrashort optical pulses generated by the mode-locked laser are split by a wavelength division multiplexer, and one of them is used as a clock signal. After being detected by a photodetector, it provides a clock signal to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter.

[0028] Optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the signal is input together with the optical signal I2 into the first balanced detector, which detects the signal, converts it into an electrical signal, and then the first analog-to-digital converter quantizes it according to the clock signal to obtain a set of digital signals.

[0029] Optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 The signals are input together into the second balanced detector, which detects them, converts them into electrical signals, and then quantizes them according to the clock signal by the second analog-to-digital converter to obtain another set of digital signals.

[0030] Preferably, the output I of the first balanced detector BPD1 for:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0033] Preferably, the output I of the second balanced detector BPD2 for:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0036] A quantum random number generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling, implemented using a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling, includes the following steps:

[0037] S1: Generates signal light and sampling light;

[0038] S2: After coupling the sampling light and the signal light, three optical signals are output, namely optical signal I1, optical signal I2 and optical signal I3;

[0039] S3: Split the optical signal I1 to obtain the optical signal I 11 and light signal I 12 After splitting the optical signal I3, the optical signal I is obtained. 31 and light signal I 32 ;

[0040] S4: The optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the signal is detected and quantized together with the optical signal I2 to obtain a set of digital signals;

[0041] optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 They were then detected and quantized together to obtain another set of digital signals;

[0042] S5: Generate the final random number based on each group of digital signals.

[0043] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0044] This invention provides a quantum random number generator and generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling. The simplified linear optical sampling can effectively overcome timing jitter, improve the sampling speed and accuracy, and achieve high-speed random number generation. Moreover, it adopts an amplified spontaneous emission signal source, which has significant amplified spontaneous emission characteristics. The output of the amplified spontaneous emission signal source can be directly measured as a random signal. The system has a simple optical path, is easy to integrate, and spontaneous emission is a quantum entropy source, which conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, ensuring the randomness of the generated random numbers. It has high practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the core part of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation steps of the technical solution of the present invention;

[0048] The components include: 11. Superluminescent diode; 12. Bandpass filter; 13. Polarization controller; 14. Optical isolator; 21. Mode-locked laser; 22. Wavelength division multiplexer; 23. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier; 24. First coupler; 25. Second coupler; 26. Third coupler; 27. Fourth coupler; 31. First balanced detector; 32. Second balanced detector; 33. First analog-to-digital converter; 34. Second analog-to-digital converter; 35. Photodetector; 4. Post-processing module. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. However, the scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling includes an amplified spontaneous emission signal source, a simplified linear optical sampling module, a detection quantization module, and a post-processing module 4;

[0052] The amplified spontaneous emission signal source is used to generate ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) noise signals, and after filtering and polarization control, the output is used as signal light.

[0053] The simplified linear optical sampling module generates ultrashort optical pulses as sampling light, and couples the sampling light and signal light to output three optical signals: optical signal I1, optical signal I2, and optical signal I3. Optical signal I1 is then split to obtain optical signal I... 11and light signal I 12 After splitting the optical signal I3, the optical signal I is obtained. 31 and light signal I 32 ; to transmit optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the optical signal I2 is input together with the optical signal I2 into the detection quantization module, which then converts the optical signal I... 12 and light signal I 32 The input is fed into the detection quantization module; and a clock signal is provided to the detection quantization module.

[0054] The detection quantization module is used to detect the input optical signal, convert it into an electrical signal, and quantize the converted electrical signal according to a clock signal to obtain a digital signal.

[0055] The post-processing module 4 is used to generate the final random number based on the digital signal.

[0056] In practical implementation, simplified linear optical sampling can effectively overcome timing jitter, improve sampling speed and accuracy, and achieve high-speed random number generation. Moreover, it adopts an amplified spontaneous emission signal source with significant amplified spontaneous emission characteristics. The output of the amplified spontaneous emission signal source can be directly measured as a random signal. The system optical path is simple and easy to integrate. Furthermore, spontaneous emission is a quantum entropy source, which conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, ensuring the randomness of the generated random numbers and having high practical value.

[0057] More specifically, the amplified spontaneous emission signal source includes a superluminescent diode 11, a bandpass filter 12, a polarization controller 13, and an optical isolator 14;

[0058] The superluminescent diode 11 generates an ASE noise signal. After being filtered by a bandpass filter 12, the ASE noise signal enters a polarization controller 13 for polarization control, and then passes through an optical isolator 14 to output as signal light.

[0059] In practical implementation, the light emitted by the superluminescent diode 11 has a relatively wide spectral bandwidth, reaching tens of nanometers, and low coherence. Its output light field E So Represented as:

[0060]

[0061] Where, n sp Let be the spontaneous emission coefficient, h be Planck's constant, v be the light frequency, and A be the cross-sectional area of ​​the light wave. o Let be the electric constant in free space, c be the speed of light, n be the refractive index of the medium, Γ be the constraint factor, and g be the electric constant in free space. m For mode gain, α mThe mode loss is L, and the forward and backward optical field lengths are L;

[0062] After filtering by bandpass filter 12, the output is expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, f c σ is the center wavelength of the Gaussian bandpass filter 12, and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian filter.

[0065] More specifically, the simplified linear optical sampling module includes a mode-locked laser 21, a wavelength division multiplexer 22, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier 23, a first coupler 24, a second coupler 25, a third coupler 26, and a fourth coupler 27;

[0066] The mode-locked laser 21 generates femtosecond-level ultrashort optical pulses. After the ultrashort optical pulses are split by the wavelength division multiplexer 22, one of them is used as a clock signal input to the detection quantization module, and the other is amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 23 and used as sampling light.

[0067] In actual implementation, the output of the mode-locked laser 21 appears in the form of very short pulses, with pulse widths on the order of femtoseconds (10-15 seconds) or picoseconds (10-12 seconds). The erbium-doped fiber amplifier 23 amplifies the signal output by the mode-locked laser 21, enabling the system to achieve the best sampling effect. The post-processing module 4 adopts the least significant bit retention method, retaining the last few bits of each analog-to-digital converter output, in order to reduce output data noise and improve the quality of output random numbers.

[0068] The sampling light and signal light enter the first coupler 24 for coupling and then output three optical signals; among them,

[0069] The second coupler 25 is used to split the optical signal I1;

[0070] The third coupler 26 is used to split the optical signal I3;

[0071] The fourth coupler 27 is used for optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 Perform bundle assembly;

[0072] The second coupler 25, the third coupler 26, and the fourth coupler 27 are all fiber optic couplers.

[0073] More specifically, the first coupler 24 is a 3×3 fiber optic coupler.

[0074] In practice, the middle input terminal of the 3×3 coupler is left unused.

[0075] More specifically, the output of the 3×3 fiber coupler is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0078] More specifically, the second coupler 25 and the third coupler 26 are both 50:50 fiber optic couplers.

[0079] More specifically, the detection quantization module includes a first balanced detector 31, a second balanced detector 32, a first analog-to-digital converter 33, a second analog-to-digital converter 34, and a photodetector 35;

[0080] The ultrashort optical pulse generated by the mode-locked laser 21 is split by the wavelength division multiplexer 22, and one of the pulses is used as a clock signal. After being detected by the photodetector 35, it provides a clock signal to the first analog-to-digital converter 33 and the second analog-to-digital converter 34.

[0081] Optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the signal is input into the first balanced detector 31 along with the optical signal I2. The first balanced detector 31 detects the signal and converts it into an electrical signal. The first analog-to-digital converter 33 then quantizes the signal according to the clock signal to obtain a set of digital signals.

[0082] Optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 The signals are input together into the second balanced detector 32, where they are detected and converted into electrical signals. The second analog-to-digital converter 34 then quantizes these signals according to the clock signal to obtain another set of digital signals.

[0083] In practical implementation, balanced detectors have a wide range of applications in the field of optical measurement and sensing. Their advantages include high linear response and significant advantages in resisting light intensity fluctuations and light polarization changes, making them an ideal choice for applications with high requirements for measurement accuracy and stability.

[0084] The analog-to-digital converter is a low-speed analog-to-digital converter that only quantizes the electrical signal output by the corresponding balanced detector without sampling. This effectively reduces the adverse effects of timing jitter during sampling on the high-speed generation of random numbers.

[0085] More specifically, the output I of the first balance detector 31 BPD1 for:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0088] More specifically, the output I of the second balance detector 32 BPD2 for:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, a quantum random number generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling is implemented using a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling, and includes the following steps:

[0093] S1: Generates signal light and sampling light;

[0094] S2: After coupling the sampling light and the signal light, three optical signals are output, namely optical signal I1, optical signal I2 and optical signal I3;

[0095] S3: Split the optical signal I1 to obtain the optical signal I 11 and light signal I 12 After splitting the optical signal I3, the optical signal I is obtained. 31 and light signal I 32 ;

[0096] S4: The optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the signal is detected and quantized together with the optical signal I2 to obtain a set of digital signals;

[0097] optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 They were then detected and quantized together to obtain another set of digital signals;

[0098] S5: Generate the final random number based on each group of digital signals, specifically as follows:

[0099] S51: Generate a random sequence based on a digital signal;

[0100] S52: Perform a randomness test on the random sequence;

[0101] If the randomness test is passed, the random sequence is output as the final random number.

[0102] If the randomness test fails, return to step S1.

[0103] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing specification, those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of explanation and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling, characterized in that, It includes an amplified spontaneous emission signal source, a simplified linear optical sampling module, a detection quantization module, and a post-processing module; The amplified spontaneous emission signal source is used to generate ASE noise signal, and after filtering and polarization control, the output is used as signal light. The simplified linear optical sampling module generates ultrashort optical pulses as sampling light, and couples the sampling light and signal light to output three optical signals: optical signal I1, optical signal I2, and optical signal I3. Optical signal I1 is then split to obtain optical signal I... 11 and light signal I 12 After splitting the optical signal I3, the optical signal I is obtained. 31 and light signal I 32 ; to transmit optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the optical signal I2 is input together with the optical signal I2 into the detection quantization module, which then converts the optical signal I... 12 and light signal I 32 The input is fed into the detection quantization module; and a clock signal is provided to the detection quantization module. The detection quantization module is used to detect the input optical signal, convert it into an electrical signal, and quantize the converted electrical signal according to a clock signal to obtain a digital signal. The post-processing module is used to generate the final random number based on the digital signal; The simplified linear optical sampling module includes a mode-locked laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler, and a fourth coupler; The mode-locked laser generates femtosecond-level ultrashort optical pulses. After the ultrashort optical pulses are split by a wavelength division multiplexer, one path is used as a clock signal input to the detection quantization module, and the other path is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and used as sampling light. The sampling light and signal light enter the first coupler for coupling, and then output three optical signals; among them, The second coupler is used to split the optical signal I1; The third coupler is used to split the optical signal I3; The fourth coupler is used for optical signal I. 11 and light signal I 31 Perform the bundle assembly.

2. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amplified spontaneous emission signal source includes a superluminescent diode, a bandpass filter, a polarization controller, and an optical isolator; The superluminescent diode generates an ASE noise signal. After being filtered by a bandpass filter, the ASE noise signal enters a polarization controller for polarization control, and then passes through an optical isolator to output as signal light.

3. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first coupler is a 3×3 fiber optic coupler.

4. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The output of the 3×3 fiber coupler is as follows: ， Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

5. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the second and third couplers are 50:50 fiber optic couplers.

6. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detection quantization module includes a first balanced detector, a second balanced detector, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, and a photodetector; The ultrashort optical pulses generated by the mode-locked laser are split by a wavelength division multiplexer, and one of them is used as a clock signal. After being detected by a photodetector, it provides a clock signal to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter. Optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the signal is input together with the optical signal I2 into the first balanced detector, which detects the signal, converts it into an electrical signal, and then the first analog-to-digital converter quantizes it according to the clock signal to obtain a set of digital signals. Optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 The signals are input together into the second balanced detector, which detects them, converts them into electrical signals, and then quantizes them according to the clock signal by the second analog-to-digital converter to obtain another set of digital signals.

7. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output I of the first balanced detector BPD1 for: ， Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

8. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The output I of the second balanced detector BPD2 for: ， Among them, E S E represents the intensity of the signal light. L Indicates the intensity of the sampled light. This represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

9. A quantum random number generation method based on simplified linear optical sampling, employing a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear optical sampling as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Generates signal light and sampling light; S2: After coupling the sampling light and the signal light, three optical signals are output, namely optical signal I1, optical signal I2 and optical signal I3; S3: Split the optical signal I1 to obtain the optical signal I 11 and light signal I 12 After splitting the optical signal I3, the optical signal I is obtained. 31 and light signal I 32 ; S4: The optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, the signal is detected and quantized together with the optical signal I2 to obtain a set of digital signals; optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 They were then detected and quantized together to obtain another set of digital signals; S5: Generate the final random number based on each group of digital signals, following these steps: S51: Generate a random sequence based on a digital signal; S52: Perform a randomness test on the random sequence; If the randomness test is passed, the random sequence is output as the final random number. If the randomness test fails, return to step S1.

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