A membrane reactor device and ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system

Abstract

The application discloses a membrane reactor device and an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. The device is provided with a non-permeation zone, a permeation zone, a turbine and an impeller. One end of the non-permeation zone is communicated with a gas inlet, and the other end is provided with a non-permeation zone gas outlet and is communicated with a cavity provided with the turbine through the non-permeation zone outlet. One end of the permeation zone extends into the non-permeation zone and extends along the internal space of the non-permeation zone, and the other end is provided with a permeation zone gas outlet and is communicated with a cavity provided with the impeller through the permeation zone gas outlet. The outside of the permeation zone section extending into the non-permeation zone is entirely covered with a selective membrane. The turbine and the impeller are fixedly connected through a transmission shaft. In the application, the hydrogen generated by the catalytic reaction is separated by the selective membrane, and the turbine-impeller connecting structure utilizes the energy of the non-permeation gas to pressurize the hydrogen in the permeation zone, which is beneficial to the subsequent process of the product gas and reduces the dependence of the reaction process on the catalyst performance and the reaction temperature.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of clean energy power generation, in particular to a membrane reactor device and an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen, as one of the clean energy in the 21st century, has unique advantages in that it produces almost no pollutants during combustion, which is undoubtedly a great blessing for modern society pursuing green and low carbon. However, like many other excellent technologies or products, hydrogen energy also faces a series of challenges and limitations in practical application. Among them, the problem of hydrogen energy not easy to store and transport is particularly prominent. Because hydrogen has low density and is easy to leak, and needs to be stored and transported under high pressure or low temperature conditions, which not only increases the cost of storage and transportation, but also brings safety hazards. Therefore, although hydrogen energy has great potential, its storage and transportation problem has been a bottleneck restricting its wide application.

[0003] In order to solve this problem, researchers have proposed a distributed hydrogen production and power generation system using ammonia as a carrier. Ammonia, as a compound that is easy to liquefy and store, has stable chemical properties, and can produce hydrogen through catalytic decomposition. This distributed hydrogen production and power generation system can directly produce hydrogen where it is needed, and convert it into electrical energy through fuel cells and other devices, thereby realizing the immediate use of hydrogen energy. However, the current ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device still has some challenges in practical application. First, the volume of these devices is large, which requires a lot of space, which to some extent limits its application scenarios. Second, the efficiency of ammonia decomposition hydrogen production is relatively low, which requires a lot of energy to produce enough hydrogen, which increases the operating cost of the system. In addition, ammonia decomposition reaction usually requires a high temperature to proceed, which not only increases the energy consumption, but also puts higher requirements on the heat resistance of the equipment. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a membrane reactor device and an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. The selective membrane and turbine-impeller connecting structure are arranged in the structure, the hydrogen produced by the catalytic reaction is separated by the selective membrane, and the turbine-impeller connecting structure uses the energy of non-permeable gas to pressurize the hydrogen in the permeation zone, which is beneficial to the subsequent process of product gas, reduces the dependence of the reaction process on the performance of the catalyst and the reaction temperature, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the device.

[0005] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A membrane reactor device, which is provided with an air inlet, a first gas outlet and a second gas outlet respectively, and is provided with a non-permeation zone, a permeation zone, a turbine and an impeller, and the turbine and the impeller are arranged on the two sides of the non-permeation zone, one end of the non-permeation zone is communicated with the air inlet, and the other end is provided with a non-permeation zone gas outlet and is communicated with a cavity provided with the turbine through the non-permeation zone outlet, one end of the permeation zone extends into the non-permeation zone and extends along the internal space of the non-permeation zone, and the other end is provided with a permeation zone gas outlet and is communicated with a cavity provided with the impeller through the permeation zone gas outlet, and the outside of the permeation zone extending into the non-permeation zone is entirely covered with a selective membrane; the first gas outlet is communicated with the permeation zone gas outlet through the cavity provided with the impeller, and the second gas outlet is communicated with the non-permeation zone gas outlet through the cavity provided with the turbine.

[0007] Preferably, the non-permeation zone is provided with an ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst.

[0008] The turbine and the impeller are fixedly connected through a transmission shaft, and the turbine drives the impeller to work through rotation.

[0009] Preferably, the non-permeation zone is a tubular structure, the outside of the tubular structure extending into the non-permeation zone is entirely covered with a selective membrane, and the end is closed.

[0010] Preferably, the selective membrane is a hydrogen selective membrane.

[0011] More preferably, the hydrogen selective membrane is a palladium membrane.

[0012] An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, comprising the above-mentioned membrane reactor device, an ammonia storage device, a gasifier, a cooler, a power generation device and a combustion device, the ammonia storage device is connected in series with the gasifier and is communicated with the air inlet of the membrane reactor device, and is used for passing the gaseous ammonia provided by the ammonia storage device into the membrane reactor device after the gaseous ammonia is gasified by the gasifier to carry out ammonia decomposition reaction to produce hydrogen; the first gas outlet of the membrane reactor device is connected in series with the cooler and the power generation device, the hydrogen produced by the membrane reactor device is cooled by the cooler and is provided to the power generation device, and the hydrogen is mixed with oxygen provided by the outside air in the power generation device to generate electric energy; the second gas outlet of the membrane reactor device is communicated with the combustion device, and the mixed gas after the permeation of part of the hydrogen in the membrane reactor device is provided to the combustion device through the second gas outlet, and the mixed gas is mixed with oxygen provided by the outside air in the combustion device to generate heat energy.

[0013] Preferably, a preheater is further arranged between the membrane reactor device and the gasifier, and a pipeline on the gasifier is communicated with the gas inlet of the membrane reactor device through the preheater, so that the ammonia gas after being gasified by the gasifier is further preheated in the preheater and then sent into the membrane reactor device; the first gas outlet on the membrane reactor device is communicated with the preheater and then connected to the cooler, and the hot hydrogen permeated by ammonia decomposition provides a heat source for the preheater.

[0014] Preferably, the outlet of the combustion device can also be communicated with the gasifier, so as to provide heat energy for the gasification of liquid ammonia in the gasifier.

[0015] The technical scheme of the present application has the following advantages:

[0016] A. In the present application, a selective palladium membrane is arranged between the permeation zone and the non-permeation zone of the membrane reactor device, and the products generated by catalysis in the non-permeation zone can permeate into the permeation zone along the selective membrane, which helps to move the reaction in the direction of the target product, reduces the dependence of the reaction process on the performance of the catalyst and the reaction temperature, and improves the reaction efficiency.

[0017] B. In the present application, the non-permeation zone of the membrane reactor device is communicated with a turbine, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the non-permeation zone is guided out from the non-permeation zone outlet, hits the turbine blades to make the turbine work, and is guided out from the second gas outlet after being cooled and decompressed; the permeation zone is communicated with an impeller, and the turbine and the impeller are connected through a transmission shaft, the turbine drives the impeller to work, the impeller guides the low-pressure gas in the permeation zone out from the permeation zone outlet, improves the flow rate of the gas in the permeation zone, and guides the pressurized gas out from the first gas outlet, and the improvement of the flow rate of the gas in the permeation zone can promote the catalytic reaction to move in the direction of the target product.

[0018] C. In the present application, the turbine and the impeller of the membrane reactor device are connected through a transmission shaft, the turbine drives the impeller to work, and the turbine-impeller connection structure pressurizes the gas in the permeation zone by using the energy of the non-permeation gas, which is beneficial to the subsequent process of the product gas and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the device.

[0019] D. In the present application, the gas in the non-permeation zone of the membrane reactor device is guided out from the non-permeation zone outlet, hits the turbine blades to drive the impeller to work, improves the temperature and pressure of the gas in the permeation zone, recovers the heat of the non-permeation gas, and improves the energy efficiency of the system.

[0020] F. In the present application, a selective palladium membrane is arranged between the permeation zone and the non-permeation zone of the membrane reactor device, and the products generated by catalysis in the non-permeation zone can permeate into the permeation zone along the selective membrane, which helps to move the reaction in the direction of the target product, improves the reaction efficiency, and reduces the volume of the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings described in the following specific embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, and all other drawings obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts based on the drawings are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] Figure 1 The whole structure schematic diagram of the membrane reactor device in the present application is shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure 2 The whole structure schematic diagram of the ammonia hydrogen fuel cell power generation system in the present application is shown in the figure.

[0024] The figure is marked as follows:

[0025] 1-membrane reactor device

[0026] 11-inlet; 12-first outlet; 13-second outlet; 14-non-permeable area, 141-non-permeable area outlet; 15-permeable area, 151-permeable area outlet; 16-selective membrane; 17-turbine; 18-transmission shaft; 19-impeller;

[0027] 2-ammonia storage device; 3-gasifier; 4-preheater; 5-cooler; 6-power generation device; 7-combustion device. Specific embodiments

[0028] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0029] As Figure 1As shown, the application provides a membrane reactor device 1, which comprises a gas inlet 11, a first gas outlet 12, a second gas outlet 13, a non-permeation zone 14, a permeation zone 15, a turbine 17 and an impeller 19, and the turbine 17 and the impeller 19 are arranged on the two sides of the non-permeation zone 14. The non-permeation zone 14 is provided with an ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst, and the raw material gas enters the non-permeation zone 14 through the first gas inlet 11 for catalytic reaction. One end of the non-permeation zone 14 is communicated with the gas inlet 11, and the other end is provided with a non-permeation zone gas outlet 141, which is communicated with the cavity provided with the turbine 17. One end of the permeation zone 15 extends into the non-permeation zone 14, and the other end is provided with a permeation zone gas outlet 151, which is communicated with the cavity provided with the impeller 19. The outside of the permeation zone 15 extending into the non-permeation zone 14 is entirely covered with a selective membrane 16. The products generated by the catalytic reaction in the non-permeation zone 14 can pass through the selective membrane 16 into the permeation zone, which helps the reaction to move towards the target product, reduces the dependence of the reaction process on the performance of the catalyst and the reaction temperature, and improves the reaction efficiency. The first gas outlet 12 is communicated with the permeation zone gas outlet 151 through the cavity provided with the impeller 19. The gas in the high-temperature and high-pressure non-permeation zone 14 is discharged from the non-permeation zone gas outlet 141, hits the blades of the turbine 17 to make the turbine 17 work, and is discharged from the second gas outlet 13 after being cooled and decompressed. The second gas outlet 13 is communicated with the non-permeation zone gas outlet 141 through the cavity provided with the turbine 17.

[0030] Further, the turbine 17 and the impeller 19 are fixedly connected through a transmission shaft 18. The turbine 17 drives the impeller 19 to work. The impeller 19 discharges the gas in the low-pressure permeation zone 15 from the permeation zone gas outlet 151, improves the flow rate of the gas in the permeation zone 15, and discharges the gas from the first gas outlet 12 after being pressurized. The improvement of the flow rate of the gas in the permeation zone 15 can promote the catalytic reaction to move towards the target product.

[0031] The non-permeation zone 14 is preferably a tubular structure. The outside of the tubular structure extending into the non-permeation zone 14 is entirely covered with a selective membrane 16. The end of the tubular structure extending into the non-permeation zone 14 is closed. The selective membrane 16 is a hydrogen selective membrane, which is preferably a palladium membrane.

[0032] In the application, the turbine 17 and the impeller 19 of the membrane reactor device are connected through the transmission shaft 18. The turbine 17 drives the impeller 19 to work. The turbine-impeller connection structure utilizes the energy of the gas in the non-permeation zone 14 to pressurize the gas in the permeation zone 15, which is beneficial to the subsequent process of the product gas and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the device.

[0033] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2As shown, the application also provides an ammonia hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, which comprises the above-mentioned membrane reactor device 1, ammonia storage device 2, gasifier 3, cooler 5, power generation device 6 and combustion device 7, the ammonia storage device 2 is connected in series with the gasifier 3 and communicates with the gas inlet 11 of the membrane reactor device 1, and is used for passing the gaseous ammonia provided by the ammonia storage device 2 into the membrane reactor device 1 after the gaseous ammonia is gasified by the gasifier 3 to carry out ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction; the first gas outlet 12 of the membrane reactor device 1 is sequentially connected with the cooler 5 and the power generation device 6 in series, the power generation device 6 is preferably a fuel cell PEMFC, and the hydrogen produced by the membrane reactor device 1 is provided to the power generation device 6 after being cooled by the cooler 5, and is mixed with the oxygen provided by the external air in the power generation device 6 to generate electric energy; the second gas outlet 13 of the membrane reactor device 1 communicates with the combustion device 7, and the mixed gas after the hydrogen permeation of the membrane reactor device 1 is provided to the combustion device 7 through the second gas outlet 13, and is mixed with the oxygen provided by the external air in the combustion device 7 to generate heat energy after being combusted.

[0034] The preheater 4 is further arranged between the membrane reactor device 1 and the gasifier 3, the pipeline of the gasifier 3 communicates with the gas inlet 11 of the membrane reactor device 1 through the preheater 4, and the ammonia gas after being gasified by the gasifier 3 is further preheated in the preheater 4 and then sent into the membrane reactor device 1; the first gas outlet 12 of the membrane reactor device 1 communicates with the preheater 4 and then connects the cooler 5, and the hot hydrogen permeated by the ammonia decomposition provides the heat source for the preheater 4.

[0035] In addition, the outlet of the combustion device 7 further communicates with the gasifier 3, and the gasifier 3 can use the heat of the gas discharged from the combustion device 7 to heat the liquid ammonia, provide heat energy for the gasification of the liquid ammonia by the gasifier 3, and guide the gasified liquid ammonia into the membrane reactor device 1.

[0036] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating, and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Based on the above-mentioned description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the embodiments. The changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A membrane reactor device, characterized by, The device is respectively provided with an air inlet (11), a first air outlet (12) and a second air outlet (13), and is provided with a non-permeation zone (14), a permeation zone (15), a turbine (17) and an impeller (19) inside, and the turbine (17) and the impeller (19) are separately arranged on the two sides of the non-permeation zone (14), one end of the non-permeation zone (14) is communicated with the air inlet (11), the other end is provided with a non-permeation zone air outlet (141) and is communicated with a cavity provided with the turbine (17) through the non-permeation zone air outlet (141), one end of the permeation zone (15) extends into the non-permeation zone (14) and extends along the internal space of the non-permeation zone (14), the other end is provided with a permeation zone air outlet (151) and is communicated with a cavity provided with the impeller (19) through the permeation zone air outlet (151), and the outside of the permeation zone (15) section extending into the non-permeation zone (14) is entirely covered with a selective membrane (16); the first air outlet (12) is communicated with the permeation zone air outlet (151) through the cavity provided with the impeller (19), and the second air outlet (13) is communicated with the non-permeation zone air outlet (141) through the cavity provided with the turbine (17); The non-permeation zone (14) is provided with an ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst; the turbine (17) and the impeller (19) are fixedly connected through a transmission shaft (18) and can be driven, the turbine (17) drives the impeller (19) to work; the non-permeation zone (14) is a tubular structure, the outside of the tubular structure extending into the non-permeation zone (14) is entirely covered with a selective membrane (16), and the end is closed.

2. The membrane reactor apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The selective membrane (16) is a hydrogen selective membrane.

3. The membrane reactor apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The selective membrane (16) is a palladium membrane.

4. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power system, characterized by comprising: The membrane reactor device (1), the ammonia storage device (2), the gasifier (3), the cooler (5), the power generation device (6) and the combustion device (7) are included, the ammonia storage device (2) is communicated with the air inlet (11) of the membrane reactor device (1) in series after the gasifier (3), is used for gasifying liquid ammonia provided by the ammonia storage device (2) through the gasifier (3) and then inputting into the membrane reactor device (1) to carry out ammonia decomposition reaction, the first air outlet (12) of the membrane reactor device (1) is sequentially provided with the cooler (5) and the power generation device (6) in series, hydrogen generated by the membrane reactor device (1) is provided to the power generation device (6) after being cooled by the cooler (5), is mixed with oxygen provided by external air in the power generation device (6) and is used for generating electric energy, and the second air outlet (13) of the membrane reactor device (1) is communicated with the combustion device (7), mixed gas after permeation of hydrogen of the membrane reactor device (1) is provided to the combustion device (7) through the second air outlet (13), is mixed with oxygen provided by external air in the combustion device (7) and is combusted to generate heat energy.

5. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 4, wherein, The membrane reactor device (1) and the gasifier (3) are further provided with a preheater (4), a pipeline on the gasifier (3) is communicated with the gas inlet (11) of the membrane reactor device (1) through the preheater (4), ammonia gas after being gasified by the gasifier (3) is further preheated in the preheater (4) and then sent into the membrane reactor device (1); the first gas outlet (12) on the membrane reactor device (1) is communicated with the preheater (4) and then connected to the cooler (5), and hot hydrogen permeated by ammonia decomposition provides a heat exchange heat source for the preheater (4).

6. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 4, wherein, The outlet of the combustion device (7) is further communicated with the gasifier (3), and heat energy is provided for the gasifier (3) to gasify liquid ammonia.

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