A spiral friction extruder and extrusion forming method

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral friction extruder and an extrusion forming method, comprising a first fixed beam, a movable beam, an outer sliding block, a second fixed beam, a first master cylinder, a perforating cylinder, a second master cylinder, a turntable, a central sliding block, a rotating extrusion rod, an extrusion barrel, a positive extrusion rod, etc.; the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam are fixed, the movable beam and the outer sliding block are located between the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam, the first master cylinder, the perforating cylinder, and the second master cylinder are fixed on the second fixed beam, the perforating cylinder is located on the central axis, the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder are connected to the outer sliding block to drive the outer sliding block to move; the central sliding block is connected to the perforating cylinder; the turntable is installed on the first fixed beam, and the turntable is driven to rotate by a driving device; the rotating extrusion rod is fixed on the turntable, and the extrusion barrel is fixed on the movable beam; the positive extrusion rod is fixed on the outer sliding block; the hopper is located above the extrusion barrel; the perforating needle is connected to the perforating cylinder; the concave die is fixed on the rotating extrusion rod, and the punch is fixed on the perforating needle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of high-performance and low-energy consumption forming and manufacturing of metal and composite materials, and in particular to a spiral friction extruder and an extrusion forming method. Background Art

[0002] High-performance lightweight alloy and composite extrusion materials are key components for lightweighting aerospace vehicles as well as ground and sea transport equipment. However, their extrusion forming manufacturing as well as recycling and reuse still have prominent problems such as high production energy consumption, long process flow, product quality degradation, and severe anisotropy. There is an urgent need to develop new extrusion forming processes and special equipment. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the limitations of existing extrusion forming technology and equipment, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a spiral friction extruder and an extrusion forming method for realizing low-energy consumption, short-process, high-quality, weakly anisotropic extrusion forming manufacturing and recycling of high-performance light alloy and composite material extrusion materials.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a spiral friction extruder and an extrusion forming method, as follows:

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a spiral friction extruder, including a main machine and a tool and die; the main machine includes a first fixed beam, a movable beam, an outer slider, a second fixed beam, a guide column, a first master cylinder, a perforated cylinder, a second master cylinder, a turntable, and a center slider; the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam are respectively located at both ends of the extruder, and their positions are fixed; the movable beam and the outer slider are located between the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam, and the movable beam and the outer slider perform reciprocating linear motion when the extruder is running; the movable beam is arranged close to the first fixed beam, and the outer slider is arranged close to the second fixed beam; the guide column passes through the first fixed beam, the movable beam, the outer slider, and the second fixed beam; the first master cylinder, the perforated cylinder, and the second master cylinder are fixed on the second fixed beam, the perforated cylinder is located on the central axis, the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder are respectively located on both sides of the perforated cylinder and are connected to the outer slider to drive the outer slider to move; the center slider is connected to the perforated cylinder; the turntable is fixed on the first fixed beam, and its center position is located on the central axis of the equipment, and a through hole is provided inside the turntable for discharging;

[0006] The tooling comprises a rotating extrusion rod, an extrusion cylinder, a positive extrusion rod, a hopper, a die, a punch and a piercing needle; the rotating extrusion rod is fixed on a turntable; the extrusion cylinder is fixed on a movable beam; the positive extrusion rod is fixed on an outer slide block; the hopper is located above the extrusion cylinder and close to one side of the outer slide block; the piercing needle is connected to the piercing cylinder; the die is fixed on the rotating extrusion rod, and the punch is fixed on the piercing needle.

[0007] As a further technical solution, it also includes a motion drive system, which includes a turntable drive device, a first master cylinder, a perforating cylinder, a drive device of a second master cylinder and a motion control console, wherein the turntable drive device, the first master cylinder, the perforating cylinder, and the drive device of the second master cylinder are connected to the motion control console;

[0008] As a further technical solution, it also includes a circulating temperature control system, which includes a temperature sensor, a heating element, a cooling element and a temperature control station; the temperature sensor is also arranged in the rotating extrusion rod and the die, the temperature sensor is connected to the wireless transmitter, and the temperature data is transmitted to the temperature control station in the form of wireless transmission; the heating element and the cooling element are also arranged in the extrusion barrel for heating the extrusion barrel; the temperature sensor, the heating element, and the cooling element are connected to the control station;

[0009] As a further technical solution, the circulating temperature control system also includes an oil cooler, which is used to cool the bearings and reducer of the turntable.

[0010] As a further technical solution, a control system is also included, which includes a positive extrusion rod, a piercing needle, an extrusion cylinder, a rotating extrusion rod, a heating system, a cooling system control system and a corresponding real-time display system;

[0011] As a further technical solution, a hopper is also provided on the extrusion cylinder.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for processing using the above-mentioned spiral friction extruder, as follows:

[0013] Step 1: Put the raw materials into the extrusion cylinder;

[0014] As a further technical solution, for a cylindrical billet, it is directly placed into the extrusion barrel from the inlet of the extrusion barrel;

[0015] As a further technical solution, for raw materials such as machining chips, metal powders, and mixtures, the raw materials are first weighed, and then put into the extrusion cylinder in batches from the hopper, and the chips, powders, mixtures, etc. are compressed under the pressure of the positive extrusion rod by moving the movable beam. Each time the raw materials are compressed, the density is calculated according to the weight of the raw materials and the volume after compression, and the density is controlled to be more than 50% of the density of the raw materials such as scraps, powders, mixtures, etc.

[0016] Step 2: Rotate the extrusion rod and control the speed at 0.5-3000r / min;

[0017] Step 3: The positive extrusion rod and the extrusion barrel are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod to realize spiral friction extrusion forming;

[0018] As a further technical solution, during the entire extrusion process, the extrusion speed is controlled by a strategy of first slow, then fast, and then dynamically adjusted. That is, the material in the extrusion barrel is first slowly moved close to the rotating extrusion rod, and after the material begins to heat up and soften under the friction of the rotating friction rod, the extrusion speed is increased, and the extrusion speed is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. During the entire extrusion process, the extrusion speed of the positive extrusion rod and the extrusion barrel is controlled within the range of 0.01mm / s-50mm / s.

[0019] As a further technical solution, during the entire extrusion process, the temperature near the working zone of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel.

[0020] Step 4. The material produces a spiral motion in the gap between the male and female dies, flows out of the die and is formed into an extrudate;

[0021] As a further technical solution, when designing the extrusion barrel and the extrusion die, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion barrel to the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrudate is controlled within 1-200.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The material of the present invention generates a spiral motion in the gap between the male die and the female die or in the working zone of the female die, so the texture of the extruded profile can be regulated by adjusting the extrusion speed, extrusion ratio, and rotation speed. The material streamline is a spiral streamline, which is different from the linear streamline in the traditional extruded profile, which is conducive to eliminating anisotropy;

[0024] 2. The material of the present invention produces severe shear deformation during the entire forming process, which is beneficial to grain refinement (even forming nano twins), debris solidification, oxide crushing, interface bonding, etc., thereby significantly improving the performance of the extrudate, and the profiles obtained by debris forming can be used with grade retention;

[0025] 3. The specially designed spiral friction extruder of the present invention solves the problems of loading, feeding, pressing, punching, etc., and the equipment is suitable for industrial large-scale production; the equipment can form and prepare various types of profiles with solid or hollow cross-sections and no restrictions in length, such as rods, wires, pipes, special-shaped profiles, etc.

[0026] 4. The raw materials of the present invention do not need to be heated, and the heating element is arranged in the extrusion barrel, which not only eliminates the process of heating the bar material in the traditional hot extrusion process, but also makes full use of the capacity generated by the friction in the extrusion process, effectively reducing energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1Top view of the spiral friction extruder structure diagram;

[0028] Figure 2 Partial cross-section of the spiral friction extruder;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the control interface of the spiral friction extruder;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the process flow of spiral friction extrusion of rod billets;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the action flow when spiral friction extrusion is performed using raw materials such as chips, powders, and mixtures;

[0032] In the figure, 1-first fixed beam, 2-movable beam, 3-outer slider, 4-second fixed beam, 5-guide column, 6-first master cylinder, 7-piercing cylinder, 8-second master cylinder, 9-motor, 10-reducer, 11-turntable, 12-center slider, 13-rotating extrusion rod, 14-extrusion cylinder, 15-positive extrusion rod, 16-wireless transmitter, 17-control console, 18-oil cooler, 19-heating and cooling system, 20-hydraulic pump station, 21-electrical control cabinet, 22-extrudate;

[0033] 23-temperature sensor, 24-heating element, 25-hopper, 26-blank, 27-die, 28-punch, 29-punch needle.

[0034] 30 - Raw materials such as machining chips, metal powders, mixtures, etc.; 31 - Compacted billets; 32 - Stacked compacted billets; 33 - Regenerated extrudates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof;

[0037] For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, they only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0038] As introduced in the background technology, there are deficiencies in the prior art. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a spiral friction extruder and an extrusion forming method.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a spiral friction extruder, which is mainly composed of a main machine, a tool and die, a motion drive system, and a circulation temperature control system.

[0040] The main machine mainly includes a first fixed beam 1, a movable beam 2, an outer slide block 3, a second fixed beam 4, a guide column 5, a first master cylinder 6, a perforating cylinder 7, a second master cylinder 8, a turntable 11, and a center slide block 12;

[0041] The first fixed beam 1 and the second fixed beam 4 are respectively located at both ends of the extruder, and their positions are fixed; the movable beam 2 and the outer slide block 3 are located between the first fixed beam 1 and the second fixed beam 4, and the movable beam 2 and the outer slide block 3 reciprocate linearly when the extruder is running; the movable beam 2 is arranged close to the first fixed beam 1, and the outer slide block 3 is arranged close to the second fixed beam 4;

[0042] The guide column 5 passes through the first fixed beam 1, the movable beam 2, the outer slide block 3, and the second fixed beam 4, connecting the four together to bear pressure and guide; the first master cylinder 6, the perforating cylinder 7, and the second master cylinder 8 are fixed on the second fixed beam 4, the perforating cylinder 7 is located on the central axis, the first master cylinder 6 and the second master cylinder 8 are respectively located on both sides of the perforating cylinder 7 and connected to the outer slide block 3 to drive the outer slide block to move; the central slide block 12 is connected to the perforating cylinder 7; the turntable 11 is fixed on the first fixed beam 1, and its center position is located on the central axis of the equipment. A through hole is provided inside the turntable 11 for discharging materials;

[0043] The above-mentioned tooling mainly includes a rotating extrusion rod 13, an extrusion cylinder 14, a positive extrusion rod 15, a hopper 25, a concave die 27, a convex die 28, and a piercing needle 29;

[0044] The rotating extrusion rod 13 is fixed on the turntable 11. When the turntable 11 is driven by the driving device to rotate, the rotating extrusion rod 13 can rotate together with the turntable 11. During the extrusion forming process, the rotating extrusion rod 13 only performs rotational motion and does not perform linear motion.

[0045] The extrusion cylinder 14 is fixed on the movable beam 2. When the movable beam 2 moves linearly, the extrusion cylinder 14 also moves linearly, that is, the extrusion cylinder 14 moves linearly along with the movable beam 2.

[0046] The positive extrusion rod 15 is fixed on the outer slider 3. When the outer slider 3 moves linearly, the positive extrusion rod 15 also moves linearly, that is, the positive extrusion rod 15 moves linearly along with the outer slider 3.

[0047] The hopper 25 is located above the extrusion barrel 14 and close to one side of the outer slider 3. The main function of the hopper 25 is to add raw materials into the extrusion barrel 14. When the processed raw materials are debris, powder, or mixture, they can be added into the extrusion barrel 14 through the hopper 25.

[0048] The perforating needle 29 is connected to the perforating cylinder 7, and the perforating cylinder 7 can drive the perforating needle 29 to make a linear motion;

[0049] The die 27 is fixed on the rotating extrusion rod 13, and the punch 28 is fixed on the piercing needle 29. When the piercing needle 29 moves, the punch 28 can be pressed on the die 27, that is, the die 27 does not move in a straight line, but the punch 28 moves in a straight line. The material of the present invention produces a spiral motion in the gap between the punch and die or in the working zone of the die. Therefore, the texture form of the extruded profile can be controlled by adjusting the extrusion speed, extrusion ratio, and rotation speed. The material streamline is a spiral streamline, which is different from the straight streamline in the traditional extruded profile, which is conducive to eliminating anisotropy.

[0050] The motion drive system in this embodiment mainly includes a motor 9, a reducer 10, a hydraulic pump station 20, an electrical control cabinet 21, and a control console 17;

[0051] Among them, the motor 9 and the reducer 10 are installed on one side of the first fixed beam, the motor 9 drives the reducer 10, and the reducer 10 drives the turntable 11 to rotate; the hydraulic pump station 20 drives the first master cylinder 6, the perforating cylinder 7, and the second master cylinder 8 to make reciprocating linear motion; the electrical control cabinet 21 and the control console 17 control the reducer 10 and the hydraulic pump station 20;

[0052] The circulating temperature control system in this embodiment mainly includes a temperature sensor 23, a heating element 24, a wireless transmitter 16, an oil cooler 18, and a heating and cooling system 19;

[0053] Among them, the temperature sensor 23 is located in the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the die 27, and is close to the working belt position of the die 27; the heating element 24 is located in the extrusion barrel 14, and is used to heat the extrusion barrel; the wireless transmitter 16 is connected to the temperature sensor 23, and is used to transmit the temperature measurement data to the control console 17 in the form of wireless transmission; the oil cooler 18 is used to cool the bearings and reducer 10 of the turntable 11; the heating and cooling system 19 is composed of electronic control components and cooling pump stations, pipelines, etc., and is used to realize dynamic heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel 14, and the temperature control system is integrated into the control console 17.

[0054] The equipment control system mainly includes positive extrusion rod, piercing needle, extrusion cylinder, rotating extrusion rod, heating system, cooling system and its corresponding real-time display system;

[0055] Among them, the three major systems of the positive extrusion rod, the piercing needle and the extrusion barrel respectively realize the control of the reciprocating linear motion of the positive extrusion rod, the piercing needle and the extrusion barrel; the rotating extrusion rod is used to control the forward rotation, reverse rotation, speed, etc. of the turntable; the heating system and the cooling system respectively realize the control of the heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel; the real-time display system is used to display the relevant monitoring data in real time and store the data.

[0056] The spiral friction extrusion forming method performed by the extruder specifically comprises:

[0057] 1) Put the raw materials into the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0058] For the cylindrical billet 26, the raw material is directly placed into the extrusion barrel 14 from the inlet of the extrusion barrel;

[0059] For raw materials 30 such as machining chips, metal powders, and mixtures, the chips, powders, and mixtures are first weighed and then put into the extrusion barrel 14 in batches from the hopper 25. The chips, powders, and mixtures are compressed under the pressure of the positive extrusion rod 15 by moving the movable beam 2. Each time the chips, powders, and mixtures are compressed, their density is calculated based on the weight of the chips, powders, and mixtures and their volume after compression, and the density of the chips, powders, and mixtures is controlled to be more than 50% of the density of the material itself.

[0060] 2. The rotating extrusion rod 13 rotates, and the speed is controlled at 0.5-3000r / min;

[0061] 3. The positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod 13 to realize spiral friction extrusion forming; during the entire extrusion process, the extrusion speed is controlled by a strategy of first slow, then fast, and then dynamic adjustment. That is, the material in the extrusion barrel is first slowly moved close to the rotating extrusion rod 13, and after the material begins to heat up and soften under the friction of the rotating extrusion rod 13, the extrusion speed is increased, and the extrusion speed is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. During the entire extrusion process, the extrusion speed of the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 is controlled within the range of 0.01mm / s-50mm / s.

[0062] During the entire extrusion process, the temperature near the working zone of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel, etc.

[0063] 4. The material produces a spiral motion in the gap between the male and female dies and flows out of the die to become an extrudate 22;

[0064] 5. When designing the extrusion barrel and extrusion die, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion barrel to the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrudate should be controlled within 1-200.

[0065] The following is an explanation based on specific cases:

[0066] Embodiment 1

[0067] This embodiment provides a spiral friction extrusion forming method suitable for rod blanks, which is used to produce hollow cross-section profiles or pipes, such as Figure 4 As shown, it mainly includes the following steps:

[0068] S1. Adjust the rotating extrusion rod 13, the extrusion cylinder 14 and the positive extrusion rod 15 to appropriate positions to ensure that there is enough loading space between the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0069] S2, using a loading mechanism to place the blank 26 between the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the extrusion cylinder 14, and make the blank 26 coaxial with the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0070] S3, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the piercing needle 29 move forward to press against the blank 26;

[0071] S4, the extrusion cylinder 14 moves forward so that the billet 26 is in the middle area of ​​the extrusion cylinder;

[0072] S5, the punch needle 29 moves forward, so that the male die 28 and the female die 27 cooperate;

[0073] S6, the rotating extrusion rod 13 starts to rotate, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod 13 to realize spiral friction extrusion forming, and the extrusion product 22 is obtained, and the extrusion speed is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. During the extrusion process, the temperature near the working zone of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled to be below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel.

[0074] S7. When the length of the billet is shortened to a certain extent, the rotating extrusion rod continues to rotate, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion cylinder 14 stop moving forward, and then slowly retreat, so that the rotating extrusion rod and the billet are separated.

[0075] S8, the perforating needle 29 is withdrawn to the original position;

[0076] S9, the extrusion cylinder is withdrawn, so that the blank is separated from the extrusion cylinder, the shearing mechanism cuts off the blank, and then the above steps are repeated.

[0077] Embodiment 2

[0078] The present embodiment proposes a spiral friction extrusion forming method suitable for bar blanks, which is used to generate solid cross-section profiles, bars, wires, and wires. The main steps are similar to those of Example 1, except that the method does not involve a piercing needle and the corresponding actions of the piercing needle, which are as follows:

[0079] S1. Adjust the rotating extrusion rod 13, the extrusion cylinder 14 and the positive extrusion rod 15 to appropriate positions to ensure that there is enough loading space between the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0080] S2, using a loading mechanism to place the blank 26 between the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the extrusion cylinder 14, and make the blank 26 coaxial with the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0081] S3, the positive extrusion rod 15 moves forward to press the blank 26;

[0082] S4, the extrusion cylinder 14 moves forward so that the billet 26 is in the middle area of ​​the extrusion cylinder;

[0083] S5, the rotating extrusion rod 13 starts to rotate, and the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod 13 to realize spiral friction extrusion forming, so that the material flows out from the working belt of the concave die to obtain the extrudate 22, and the extrusion speed is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. During the extrusion process, the temperature near the working belt of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel.

[0084] S6. When the length of the billet is shortened to a certain extent, the rotating extrusion rod continues to rotate, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion cylinder 14 stop moving forward, and then slowly retreat, so that the rotating extrusion rod and the billet are separated.

[0085] S7, the extrusion cylinder is withdrawn, so that the blank is separated from the extrusion cylinder, the shearing mechanism cuts the blank, and then the above steps are repeated.

[0086] Embodiment 3

[0087] This embodiment provides a spiral friction extrusion forming method suitable for raw materials such as chips, powders, and mixtures, and is used to produce hollow cross-section profiles or pipes, such as Figure 5 As shown, it mainly includes the following steps:

[0088] S1, adjust the rotating extrusion rod 13, the extrusion cylinder 14, and the positive extrusion rod 15 to appropriate positions;

[0089] S2, moving the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the positive extrusion rod 15 forward to contact the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0090] S3, the punch needle 29 moves forward, so that the male die 28 and the female die 27 cooperate;

[0091] S4, adding raw materials 30 such as crumbs, powders, and mixtures quantitatively from the hopper 25;

[0092] S5, the positive extrusion rod 13 moves forward to compact the raw material, and the density of the compacted blank 31 is calculated according to the inner cavity size of the extrusion cylinder and the movement stroke of the extrusion rod;

[0093] S6, the positive squeeze rod 13 is withdrawn, and S4 is repeated;

[0094] S7, the positive extrusion rod 13 moves forward to compact the raw material, and the density of the compacted blank 31 is calculated according to the inner cavity size of the extrusion cylinder and the movement stroke of the extrusion rod; S6 and S7 are repeated until the stacked compacted blank 32 reaches the required length and density; the density is controlled to be more than 50% of the density of the raw material itself;

[0095] S8, the rotating extrusion rod 13 starts to rotate, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod 13 to realize spiral friction extrusion forming, and the regenerated extrudate 33 is obtained, and the extrusion speed is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. During the extrusion process, the temperature near the working zone of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel.

[0096] S9. When the blank is compressed to a certain length, the rotating extrusion rod continues to rotate, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion cylinder 14 stop moving forward, and then slowly retreat, so that the rotating extrusion rod and the blank are separated; then the positive extrusion rod retreats to the position described in S2, and steps S4-S8 are repeated.

[0097] Embodiment 4

[0098] This embodiment provides a spiral friction extrusion forming method suitable for raw materials such as debris, powder, and mixtures, which is used to generate solid cross-section profiles, rods, wires, and wires. The main steps are similar to those of Example 3, but do not involve a piercing needle and the corresponding actions of the piercing needle.

[0099] S1, adjust the rotating extrusion rod 13, the extrusion cylinder 14, and the positive extrusion rod 15 to appropriate positions;

[0100] S2, moving the rotating extrusion rod 13 and the positive extrusion rod 15 forward to contact the extrusion cylinder 14;

[0101] S3, adding raw materials 30 such as crumbs, powders, and mixtures quantitatively from the hopper 25;

[0102] S4, the positive extrusion rod 15 moves forward to compact the raw material, and the density of the compacted blank 31 is calculated according to the inner cavity size of the extrusion cylinder and the movement stroke of the extrusion rod;

[0103] S5, positive squeeze rod 15 withdraws, repeat S3;

[0104] S6, the positive extrusion rod 15 moves forward to compact the raw material, and the density of the compacted blank 31 is calculated according to the inner cavity size of the extrusion cylinder and the movement stroke of the extrusion rod; S5 and S6 are repeated until the stacked compacted blank 32 reaches the required length and density; the density is controlled to be more than 50% of the density of the raw material itself;

[0105] S7, the rotating extrusion rod 13 starts to rotate, and the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod 13 to realize spiral friction extrusion forming, so that the material flows out from the working belt of the concave die to obtain the regenerated extrudate 33, and the extrusion speed is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. During the extrusion process, the temperature near the working belt of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel.

[0106] S8. When the blank is compressed to a certain length, the rotating extrusion rod continues to rotate, the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion cylinder 14 stop moving forward, and then slowly retreat, so that the rotating extrusion rod and the blank are separated; then the positive extrusion rod retreats to the position described in S2, and steps S3-S7 are repeated.

[0107] In the above embodiment, the control range of the extrusion process parameters is:

[0108] Furthermore, in order to weaken anisotropy, produce severe shear deformation, promote debris solidification, oxide crushing, and interface bonding, in the above embodiments 1-4, the rotation speed of the rotating extrusion rod is controlled within 0.5-3000r / min; the extrusion speed of the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 is controlled within the range of 0.01mm / s-50mm / s; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion barrel to the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrudate is controlled within 1-200; by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel, etc., the temperature near the working zone of the mold is controlled within 90% of the melting point of the material.

[0109] Furthermore, when preparing nano-twin components, the rotation speed of the rotating extrusion rod is controlled within 0.5-1000r / min; the extrusion speed of the positive extrusion rod 15 and the extrusion barrel 14 is controlled within the range of 0.01mm / s-50mm / s; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion barrel to the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrudate is controlled within 1-200; and the temperature near the working zone of the extrusion speed mold is controlled below minus 100°C.

[0110] The material in this embodiment undergoes severe shear deformation during the entire forming process, which is beneficial to grain refinement (even formation of nano twins), debris solidification, oxide crushing, interface bonding, etc., thereby significantly improving the performance of the extrudate;

[0111] The specially designed spiral friction extruder in this embodiment solves the problems of loading, feeding, pressing, and punching, and the equipment is suitable for industrial large-scale production; the equipment can form and prepare various types of profiles with solid or hollow cross-sections and no restrictions on the length direction, such as rods, wires, pipes, profiles, etc. The profiles obtained by chip forming can be used with grade retention;

[0112] The raw materials of the present invention do not need to be heated, and the heating element is arranged in the extrusion barrel, which not only eliminates the process of heating the rod material in the traditional hot extrusion process, but also makes full use of the energy generated by the friction in the extrusion process, effectively reducing energy consumption.

Claims

1. A spiral friction extruder, characterized in that: It includes a main machine and a tool and die; the main machine includes a first fixed beam, a movable beam, an outer slider, a second fixed beam, a guide column, a first master cylinder, a perforating cylinder, a second master cylinder, a turntable and a center slider; the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam are respectively located at both ends of the extruder, and their positions are fixed; the movable beam and the outer slider are located between the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam, and the movable beam and the outer slider perform reciprocating linear motion when the extruder is running; the movable beam is arranged close to the first fixed beam, and the outer slider is arranged close to the second fixed beam; the guide column passes through the first fixed beam, the movable beam, the outer slider and the second fixed beam; the first master cylinder, the perforating cylinder and the second master cylinder are fixed on the second fixed beam, the perforating cylinder is located on the central axis, the first master cylinder and the second master cylinder are respectively located on both sides of the perforating cylinder and are connected to the outer slider to drive the outer slider to move; the center slider is connected to the perforating cylinder; the turntable is fixed on the first fixed beam, and its center position is located on the central axis of the equipment, and a through hole is provided inside the turntable for discharging; The tooling comprises a rotary extrusion rod, an extrusion cylinder, a positive extrusion rod, a hopper, a concave die, a convex die and a piercing needle; the rotary extrusion rod is fixed on a turntable; the extrusion cylinder is fixed on a movable beam; the positive extrusion rod is fixed on an outer slide block; the hopper is located above the extrusion cylinder and close to one side of the outer slide block; the piercing needle is connected to the piercing cylinder; The female die is fixed on the rotating extrusion rod, and the male die is fixed on the piercing needle.

2. The spiral friction extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a motion drive system, which includes a turntable drive device, a first master cylinder, a perforating cylinder, a second master cylinder drive device and a motion control console, wherein the turntable drive device, the first master cylinder, the perforating cylinder, and the second master cylinder drive device are connected to the motion control console.

3. The spiral friction extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a circulating temperature control system, which includes a temperature sensor, a heating element, a cooling element and a temperature control station; the temperature sensor is also arranged in the rotating extrusion rod and the die, the temperature sensor is connected to the wireless transmitter, and the temperature data is transmitted to the temperature control station in the form of wireless transmission; the heating element and the cooling element are also arranged in the extrusion barrel for heating the extrusion barrel; the temperature sensor, the heating element, and the cooling element are connected to the control console.

4. The spiral friction extruder according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circulating temperature control system also includes an oil cooler, which is used to cool the bearings and reducer of the turntable; a hopper is also provided on the extrusion cylinder.

5. The spiral friction extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control system, which includes a positive extrusion rod, a piercing needle, an extrusion cylinder, a rotating extrusion rod, a heating system, a cooling system control system and a corresponding real-time display system.

6. A method for processing using a spiral friction extruder according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Step 1: Put the raw materials into the extrusion cylinder; For cylindrical billets, place them directly into the extrusion barrel from the inlet of the extrusion barrel; Step 2: Rotate the extrusion rod to rotate; Step 3: The positive extrusion rod and the extrusion barrel are synchronously close to the rotating extrusion rod to realize spiral friction extrusion forming; During the entire extrusion process, the extrusion speed is controlled by adopting a strategy of slowing down first, speeding up later, and then dynamically adjusting; Step 4. The material produces a spiral motion in the gap between the male and female dies and becomes an extrudate after flowing out of the die.

7. The method of processing using a spiral friction extruder as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step 1, when the raw material is a mixture of machining chips and metal powder, the raw materials are first weighed and then put into the extrusion barrel in batches from the hopper. The chips or powder are compressed under the pressure of the positive extrusion rod by moving the movable beam. Each time the chips or powder are compressed, their density is calculated based on the weight of the chips or powder and the volume after compression, and the density is controlled to be more than 50% of the density of the raw material itself.

8. The method of processing using a spiral friction extruder as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: During the entire extrusion process, the temperature near the working zone of the mold is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the temperature is controlled below 90% of the melting point of the material or below minus 100°C by dynamically adjusting the extrusion speed, heating and cooling of the extrusion barrel.

9. The method of processing using a spiral friction extruder as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the rotating extrusion rod is controlled within the range of 0.5-3000 r / min; the extrusion speed of the positive extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder is controlled within the range of 0.01 mm / s-50 mm / s.

10. The method of processing using a spiral friction extruder as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion barrel to the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrudate is controlled between 1-200.

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