Concentrating photovoltaic unit, concentrating photovoltaic panel and concentrating photovoltaic power generation device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of optics, and more specifically to a concentrating photovoltaic unit, a concentrating photovoltaic panel, and a concentrating photovoltaic power generation device. These concentrating photovoltaic units, concentrating photovoltaic panels, and concentrating photovoltaic power generation devices maximize the use of the first concentrated light and improve the utilization of light reflected from the Fresnel lens reflection area, thereby maximizing the use of incident light for power generation. The concentrating photovoltaic unit, concentrating photovoltaic panel, and concentrating photovoltaic power generation device transmit first concentrated light from a first concentrating element to a second concentrating element, which then guides the first concentrated light to a power generation element via the second concentrating element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optics, and in particular to a concentrating photovoltaic unit, a concentrating photovoltaic panel and a concentrating power generation device. Background Art

[0002] Solar panel systems for solar power generation systems are categorized into direct-type and concentrating types. The direct-type system directs sunlight directly onto the surface of the solar panel, illuminating it directly. The concentrating type uses reflectors or focusing lenses, etc., on the solar panel. The direct-type system is primarily used for solar power generation equipment installed on building rooftops or on the ground. However, compared to concentrating systems using lenses or mirrors, the direct-type system is less efficient. To compensate for this shortcoming of the direct-type system, the concentrating type requires a complex optical structure and a structure to support it.

[0003] The units of the existing concentrating photovoltaic optical system base unit include, for example, a primary lens constituting a convex lens, a secondary lens constituting a spherical lens, and a power generation element. As the power generation element, a solar cell with high power generation efficiency can be used. Sunlight is concentrated by the primary lens to be incident on the secondary lens, and then further concentrated by the secondary lens to reach the power generation element. Such a structure allows a large amount of light energy to be concentrated on a smaller power generation element, thereby enabling efficient power generation. A large number of such concentrating photovoltaic units are arranged in a matrix shape to form a concentrating photovoltaic module, and then a large number of modules are arranged in a matrix shape to form a concentrating photovoltaic panel. The concentrating photovoltaic panel, together with a driving device for making the panel face the sun and perform tracking operations at the same time, forms a concentrating photovoltaic device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] However, the secondary lens has insufficient light transmittance and cannot maximize the use of light reflected by the primary lens (such as the Fresnel lens reflection area). Therefore, its transmittance needs to be improved to increase the amount of light incident on the power generation device to increase power generation efficiency.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a concentrating photovoltaic unit comprises a first concentrating element, a second concentrating element, a reflective element, and a power generation element. The first concentrating element is a flat-plate Fresnel lens. The first concentrating element comprises a central region, a refractive region, and a reflective region. The refractive index of the central region is greater than that of air, and the refractive region has a refractive index greater than that of air and greater than that of the central region. Sunlight transmitted through the central region and the refractive region forms first concentrated light, while sunlight partially transmitted and reflected through the reflective region forms scattered light. The second concentrating element is a lens having at least two second concentrating sections. The at least two second concentrating sections are arranged sequentially along the optical path of the first concentrated light. Each of the second concentrating sections is located within an annular focal spot formed by the first concentrated light, and the radius of at least one of the second concentrating sections is less than or equal to the radius of the annular focal spot. The refractive index of the second concentrating element is greater than that of air and greater than that of the refractive region. The first concentrated light is transmitted through the second concentrating sections to form second concentrated light. One end of the reflector is connected between two adjacent first concentrating elements, and the other end extends to the periphery of the second concentrating element. The reflector is configured to reflect the scattered light onto at least one of the second concentrating portions. The power generation element has at least two power generation portions, and sunlight, first concentrated light, and second concentrated light are irradiated onto the power generation portions of the power generation element to form a power generation optical path.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a concentrated photovoltaic panel comprises a housing, a circuit board, and a matrix formed by a plurality of the aforementioned concentrated photovoltaic units. The housing is container-shaped and has a bottom surface. The circuit board comprises a flexible substrate and a printed circuit embedded therein, and is disposed on the bottom surface of the housing. The matrix is ​​mounted in the housing, and its power generation components are electrically connected to the printed circuit.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a concentrated photovoltaic power generation device includes the concentrated photovoltaic panel and a driving device configured to drive the concentrated photovoltaic panel to track the movement of the sun while facing the sun. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a concentrating photovoltaic unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concentrating photovoltaic unit provided in Example 1.

[0010] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure of the second concentrating element and the power generating element provided in Example 1.

[0011] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of .

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concentrating photovoltaic unit provided in Example 2.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure of the second concentrating element and the power generation element provided in Example 2.

[0014] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure of the second concentrating element and the power generating element provided in Example 3.

[0015] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concentrated photovoltaic unit provided for Comparative Example 1.

[0016] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the concentrated photovoltaic unit structure provided for Comparative Example 2.

[0017] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concentrated photovoltaic unit provided for Comparative Example 3.

[0018] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a concentrated photovoltaic panel provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 12 1 and 2 are short-circuit curves in the X direction of Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, respectively.

[0020] Figure 13 1 and 2 are short-circuit curves in the Y direction of Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, respectively.

[0021] 1000 concentrating photovoltaic unit, 10 first concentrating element, 10a central area, 10b refractive area, 10c reflective area, 100 first concentrated light, 101 scattered light, 20 second concentrating element, 200 second concentrated light, 201 second concentrating portion, 202 dielectric, 30 power generation element, 300 power generation portion, 301 light transmission layer, 302 photoelectric conversion layer, 303 conductive fiber, 40 packaging element, 50 reflective element, 50a reflective surface, 2000 concentrating photovoltaic panel, 2001 housing, 2002 circuit board, 2004 flexible substrate, 2005 printed circuit, X direction, Y direction DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Reagents not described in detail herein are all conventional reagents and are commercially available; methods not specifically described in detail are all conventional experimental methods and are known in the art.

[0023] Concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000

[0024] On the one hand, if Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000. The concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000 includes a first concentrating element 10, a second concentrating element 20, a power generating element 30 and a reflective element 50.

[0025] The first concentrating element 10 is a flat-plate Fresnel lens. It comprises a central region 10a, a refractive region 10b, and a reflective region 10c. The refractive index of the central region 10a is greater than that of air, while the refractive index of the refractive region 10b is greater than that of air and greater than that of the central region 10a. Sunlight passes through the central region 10a and the refractive region 10b to form first concentrated light 100. Sunlight is partially reflected by the reflective region 10 and diffusely scattered to form scattered light 101.

[0026] The second concentrating element 20 is a lens having at least two second concentrating portions 201. The at least two second concentrating portions 201 are arranged sequentially along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100. Each second concentrating portion 201 is located within the annular focal spot formed by the first concentrated light 100, and the radius of at least one second concentrating portion 201 is no greater than the radius of the annular focal spot. The refractive index of the second concentrating element 20 is greater than that of air and greater than that of the refractive zone 10b. The first concentrated light 100 is transmitted through the second concentrating portions 201 to form the second concentrated light 200.

[0027] The power generating element 30 has at least two power generating sections 300. Sunlight, the first concentrated light 100, and the second concentrated light 200 are irradiated onto the power generating sections 300 of the power generating element 30 to form a power generation optical path.

[0028] One end of the reflector 50 is connected between two adjacent first light concentrating elements 10 and the other end extends to the periphery of the second light concentrating element 20. The reflector 50 is used to reflect the scattered light 101 onto at least one second light concentrating portion 201.

[0029] Since the reflective area 10c of the Fresnel lens often cannot effectively transmit light, even if some light is transmitted, the light is diffusely scattered between the first concentrating element 10 and the power generation element 30 after transmission and reflection. The scattered light 101 formed cannot be effectively concentrated and incident on the power generation element 30, which reduces the amount of light received by the power generation element 30 and reduces its power generation efficiency.

[0030] Based on this, the second concentrating element 20 provided in this embodiment receives the first concentrated light 100 obtained by concentrating at different positions of the first concentrating element 10 through multiple concentrating portions 201, thereby increasing the amount of light incident on the power generation unit 300. Furthermore, the reflective element 50 effectively reflects the scattered light 101 formed by the Fresnel-transmitted reflective area 10c onto at least one second concentrating portion 201. This second concentrating portion 201 further concentrates the scattered light, thereby increasing the amount of light incident on the power generation unit 300 and further improving power generation efficiency.

[0031] The power generation element 30 has at least two power generation sections 300. The second concentrating section 201 directs the sunlight concentrated by the first concentrating element 10 and the second concentrating element 20 to the power generation section 300 of the power generation element 30. This allows photons to excite electrons in the power generation section 300, generating electricity. This maximizes the use of the first concentrated light 100 and improves the utilization of light reflected from the Fresnel lens reflection area, thereby maximizing the use of incident light for power generation.

[0032] After sunlight passes through the first concentrating element 10, it forms first concentrated light 100. This first concentrated light 100 then passes through at least two second concentrating sections 201 of the second concentrating element 20 to form second concentrated light 200. The second concentrated light 200 then strikes the power generation element 30, forming a power generation optical path. The power generation section 300 is located at the end of the power generation optical path. The second concentrated light 200 strikes the power generation section 300 approximately perpendicularly.

[0033] The concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000 provided in the embodiment utilizes its lens with at least two second concentrating parts 201 to receive the light transmitted through the first concentrating member 10 to the greatest extent, receive the light that is difficult to be concentrated by the first concentrating member 10 (such as scattered light 101), and perform secondary concentration on it, thereby guiding the light to the power generation part 300 to the greatest extent and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, because sunlight is composed of composite light of multiple wavelengths, light of different wavelengths undergoes different refraction and aggregation effects after passing through the first concentrator 10, resulting in first aggregated light 100 with different degrees of aggregation. This results in these first aggregated light 100 having different degrees of aggregation being able to be transmitted at different locations along the power generation optical path, making it inconvenient to receive these aggregated light within a fixed photovoltaic unit or device. The concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000 provided by the present invention is constructed as a second concentrator 20 having at least two second concentrating portions 201. These multiple second concentrating portions 201 can receive the first aggregated light 100 with different degrees of aggregation generated by light of different wavelengths passing through the first concentrator 10, maximizing the utilization of incident light for power generation and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Specifically, by setting up multiple second focusing parts 201, and any second focusing part 201 is in the annular focal spot formed by the first concentrated light 100, the radius of at least one second focusing part 201 is less than or equal to the radius of the annular focal spot, thereby achieving maximum utilization of the first concentrated light 100 and increasing the amount of light incident on the second focusing part 20.

[0035] In some embodiments, the space between the first concentrating element 10 and the second concentrating element 20 is composed of a vacuum, which can greatly reduce the energy loss of the first concentrated light 100 .

[0036] In some embodiments, the second light-concentrating portions 201 are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100, so that their surfaces receive the first concentrated light 100 at different locations, at different wavelengths, or at different concentrations. This method of concentration maximizes the utilization of the first concentrated light 100 and directs it to the power generating element 30 for power generation, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0037] In addition, due to the provision of multiple second focusing portions 201 , light can be aggregated and received to the greatest extent, and reflection of light can be suppressed, thereby increasing the amount of light incident on the power generation element 30 and improving the power generation efficiency of the high-concentration photovoltaic unit 1000 .

[0038] (Embodiments of the Shape, Quantity, and Arrangement of the Second Light Concentrating Elements)

[0039] In some embodiments, the second light concentrating element 20 is constructed as a single unit with at least two second light concentrating portions 201, for example, by encapsulation or one-piece molding, such as by using a resin to form an integrated structure. Silicone or acrylic resin can be used as the resin. In this case, the optical system from the second light concentrating element 20 to the power generation element 30 can be integrally formed from the resin molded body. This allows for a stable optical system.

[0040] In some embodiments, the shape of the second light-concentrating portion 201 includes, on at least a portion thereof, one or more of a spherical surface, an ellipsoidal surface, a conical surface, or an inverse truncated pyramid surface.

[0041] As a result, the integrated second light concentrating element 20 has a stable structure, ensuring that the formation of the first and second concentrated light beams 100, 200, and the angles of their incidence and refraction are not altered. Furthermore, the second light concentrating element 201 can be stably and precisely mounted on the power generation element 30, while being easily and reliably secured. Even if the optical axis of the second light concentrating portion 201 slightly deviates from the optical axis of the first concentrated light beam 100, which is obtained by concentrating the first light concentrating element 10, this shape prevents a significant reduction in the amount of light directed to the power generation element 30.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of second light focusing portions 201 are sequentially provided along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100. The plurality of second light focusing portions 201 have the same shape and can receive the first concentrated light 100 and the scattered light 101 passing through the first concentrating element 10.

[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple second focusing parts 201 of the same size are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100. The multiple second focusing parts 201 are directly connected or interlocked. The radius of the second focusing part 201 is equal to the radius of the annular focal spot formed by the first concentrated light 100.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, multiple identical second light-concentrating portions 201 are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100, and the multiple second light-concentrating portions 201 are directly connected or interlocked. For example, the second light-concentrating portions 201 are spherical or hemispherical, and multiple identical second light-concentrating portions 201 are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100, and the ...

[0045] In some embodiments, there are 2 to 4 second light focusing portions 201 .

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, the second light focusing portions 201 are each hemispherical and interlocked to form an integrated second light focusing member. The radius of the plurality of second light focusing portions 201 increases successively.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figures 5-7 As shown, the second light-concentrating portion 201 is arc-shaped, and multiple second light-concentrating portions 201 are interlocked to form an integrated second light-concentrating element. The radius of the multiple second light-concentrating portions 201 increases successively. Furthermore, because each second light-concentrating portion 201 expands and extends more of its arc surface toward the first light-concentrating element 10, it presents a larger arc surface area for concentrating the first concentrated light 100, thereby receiving more second concentrated light 100 or scattered light 101.

[0048] (Example of a second light-concentrating element enclosing a power generation element)

[0049] On the one hand, if Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention discloses a concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000, which includes a first concentrating element 10, a second concentrating element 20, a power generation element 30 enclosed in the second concentrating element 20, and a reflector 50. Concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000 sequentially guides incident sunlight through the first and second concentrating elements 10 and 20, concentrating it onto the power generation element 30 enclosed in the second concentrating element 20, thereby generating electricity. Furthermore, the reflector 50 effectively reflects scattered light 101 generated by the Fresnel reflective region 10c onto at least one second concentrating portion 201. Further concentrating light through the second concentrating portion 201 increases the amount of light incident on the power generation element 300, further improving power generation efficiency.

[0050] Specifically, sunlight passes through the first concentrator 10 and the second concentrator 20 and reaches the power generation element 30, forming a power generation optical path. The second concentrator 20 forms at least two second concentrating portions 201 along the power generation optical path, and the power generation element 30 has at least two power generation elements 300, with each second concentrating portion 201 enclosing at least one power generation element 300. Thus, sunlight enters the first concentrator 10 to form first concentrated light 100. This first concentrated light 100 is transmitted through a temporary space (e.g., an ambient space formed by air, an inert gas, or a vacuum) before entering the second concentrator 20. The multiple second concentrating portions 201 of the second concentrator 20 receive the first concentrated light 100 from multiple locations and are then concentrated by the second concentrating portions 201 to form second concentrated light 200, which is then directed to the multiple power generation elements 300. This allows photons to excite electrons in the multiple power generation elements 300, generating electricity and maximizing the utilization of incident light for power generation.

[0051] Furthermore, because sunlight is composed of composite light of multiple wavelengths, light of different wavelengths undergoes different refraction and aggregation effects after passing through the first concentrator 10, resulting in first aggregated light 100 with different degrees of aggregation. This results in these first aggregated light 100 with different degrees of aggregation being able to be transmitted at different locations along the power generation optical path, making it inconvenient to receive these aggregated lights within a fixed photovoltaic unit or device. The concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000 provided by the present invention is constructed as a second concentrator 20 having at least two second concentrating portions 201. These multiple second concentrating portions 201 can receive first aggregated light 100 with different degrees of aggregation generated by light of different wavelengths passing through the first concentrator, maximizing the use of incident light for power generation and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0052] In some embodiments, the second focusing element 20 is constructed as a whole, and multiple second focusing portions 201 are formed by the second focusing element 20 arranged in sequence along the optical path direction of the first concentrated light 100. The center of each second focusing portion 201 is constructed to form a power generation portion 300, and multiple power generation portions 300 are connected to form a power generation element 30.

[0053] In some embodiments, the second concentrating element 20 is constructed as a whole and is hollow inside. The hollow inside of the second concentrating element 20 is filled with a medium 202. The second concentrating portion 201 is formed by the second concentrating elements 20 arranged in sequence along the optical path direction of the first concentrated light 100. The center of each second concentrating portion 201 is constructed to form a power generation portion 300, and multiple power generation portions 300 are connected to form a power generation element 30.

[0054] In some embodiments, multiple second light-concentrating portions 201 are arranged along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100 and have substantially the same shape. For example, the second light-concentrating portions 201 are spherical or hemispherical, and the multiple arranged second light-concentrating portions 201 have the same radius. In some embodiments, the multiple second light-concentrating portions 201 have successively increasing radii as they are arranged along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100.

[0055] In some embodiments, the medium 202 filling the hollow interior of the second concentrator 20 is selected from thermal oil containing silver-indium tin oxide nanoparticles, oleylamine, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, water-based nanofluids, and the like. For example, ethylene glycol nanofluid containing silver-indium tin oxide nanoparticles has strong absorption in the ultraviolet and infrared regions, while having high transmittance in the visible light region. Therefore, when light passes through the nanofluid layer, most of the infrared radiation is absorbed by the nanofluid, while the visible light portion can pass through the nanofluid layer, thereby achieving a spectral filtering effect. Adjusting the optical properties of the liquid can selectively absorb photon energy in the wavelength range to which the battery does not respond, thereby preventing the battery surface from overheating.

[0056] In order to suppress the reflection of light, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the second concentrating portion 201 is hollow and thin-walled. The thin-walled portion 201 may be, for example, no thicker than 1 mm. This wall not only focuses light and directs it to the power generation element 30 at the center of the second concentrating portion 201, but also suppresses light reflection to prevent excessive light loss that could affect photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0057] Among them, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the power generation element 30 comprises a light-conducting layer 301, a photoelectric conversion layer 302, and conductive fibers 303. The light-conducting layer 301 is a thin film wrapped around the surface of the power generation element 30, and is used to conduct the second concentrated light 200 transmitted solely by the medium 202 filling the interior of the second light-concentrating device 20. The photoelectric conversion layer 302 receives light transmitted through the photoelectric-conducting layer 301 to generate excited electrons therein. Conductive fibers 303, encased within the photoelectric conversion layer, facilitate electron transfer and electricity transmission. Specifically, the conductive fibers 303 are formed from a plurality of conductive fibers.

[0058] (Example in which the second light concentrating element and the power generating element are integrally constructed)

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second concentrating element 20 and the power generation element 30 are constructed as a single unit. The power generation element 30 is embedded in the center of the second concentrating element 20. The second concentrating element 20 is used to concentrate the first concentrated light 100 and guide the light into the power generation element 30 through the same medium 202 material inside the second concentrating element 20. The power generation element 30 includes a photoelectric conversion layer 302 and conductive fibers 303.

[0060] The second focusing element 20 aggregates the light to form the second aggregated light 200, which is then directly irradiated onto the power generation part 30 of the power generation element 30, that is, guided onto the photoelectric conversion layer 302, so as to generate excited electrons therein, and electrons are transferred and electricity is transmitted through the conductive fibers 303 wrapped in the photoelectric conversion layer 302.

[0061] (Example of Power Generation Unit)

[0062] In some embodiments, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the power generation element 30 comprises a light-conducting layer 301, a photoelectric conversion layer 302, and conductive fibers 303. The light-conducting layer 301 is constructed to have a shape roughly identical to the second light-concentrating portion 201, but is proportionally smaller. For example, the second light-concentrating portion 201 is spherical or hemispherical, while the light-conducting layer 301 is constructed to have a spherical or hemispherical shape and is proportionally smaller. The photoelectric conversion layer 302 is constructed to have a shape roughly identical to the light-conducting layer 301 and is encapsulated within the photoelectric conversion layer 301. The photoelectric conversion layer 302 also encapsulates the conductive fibers 303, forming the power generation element 300.

[0063] According to illustrative embodiments of the present invention, conductive fibers 303 can have a wide range of thicknesses. The thickness of the fibers can be selected based on, for example, desired strength, flexibility, current transport capability, voltage tolerance, cost, ease of fabrication into a textile, and appearance, or other factors. Conductive fibers 303 can have a thickness between approximately 1 μm and approximately 10 μm. In another type of illustrative embodiment, conductive fibers 303 have a thickness between approximately 75 μm and approximately 1000 μm.

[0064] The photoelectric conversion layer 302 is made of conductive fibers 303, which are made of photosensitive materials and charge-carrying materials. The charge-carrying materials can be formed on the photosensitive materials or the two can be combined. The photosensitive materials are adjacent to the light-conducting layer 301, and the charge-carrying materials are adjacent to the conductive fibers 303.

[0065] There are many materials suitable for making conductive fibers 303. These materials include, for example, metals, metal oxides, conductive polymers, and electroplated polymers. Suitable metal materials include, but are not limited to, copper, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, iron, titanium, and alloys thereof. Suitable metal oxides include, but are not limited to, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and the like. Suitable conductive polymer materials include, but are not limited to, polyaniline and polyacetylene mixed in arsenic pentafluoride. Electroplated polymer materials include polymers plated with fullerene tin and polymers plated with carbon black.

[0066] The photosensitive material does not require a long order. For example, the photosensitive material does not need to be crystalline, nor does it need to have irregular, repeating, or periodic arrangements of particles or phase regions. In various illustrative embodiments, the thickness of the photosensitive material can be between about 0.5 μm and about 20 μm.

[0067] In various embodiments, the photosensitive material is photosensitized via a photosensitizer. The photosensitizer facilitates converting incident visible light into electricity to produce the desired photoelectric effect. The photosensitizer absorbs incident light, generating excited electrons within the photosensitizer. The energy of the excited electrons is transferred from the excitation layer of the photosensitive medium 202 to the conductive band of the photosensitive material. This transfer of electrons results in charge separation and the desired photoelectric effect. Consequently, the electrons in the conductive band of the photosensitive material can drive an external load, which is electrically connected to the power generation unit 300.

[0068] Photosensitizer can be absorbed (one of physical absorption or chemical absorption) on the photosensitive material. Photosensitizer can be absorbed on the surface of the photosensitive material, or penetrate the photosensitive material, or both situations are all there is. Photosensitizer can be selected based on the following factors, such as its actual absorption capacity in the light wavelength region, its ability to generate free electrons (holes) in the conductive band of the photosensitive material, and its complexation or absorption effect with the photosensitive material. Suitable photosensitizers can include, for example, dye carboxyl and / or hydroxyl compositions with functional groups, which are chelated into microparticles. For example, suitable dyes include, but are not limited to, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, merocyanines, quinoline blue, eosin, xanthines, and metal-containing substances such as cis-bis(isothiocyanate)bis(2,2'-pyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)-ruthenium(II) ("N3 dye"); tris(isothiocyanate)-ruthenium(II)-2,2';6',2"-tripyrimidine-4,4',4"-tricarboxylic acid; cis-bis(isothiocyanate)bis(2,2'-bispyrimidinyl-4,4'-carboxylate)-ruthenium(II)bistetrabutylamine; cis-bis(isocyanate)(2,2'-bispyrimidine-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II); tris(2,2'-bispyrimidine-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) dichloride, all of which are available from Solaronix.

[0069] Preferably, the photosensitive material comprises one or more types of interconnected metal oxide particles. Suitable particulate materials include, but are not limited to, oxides, sulfides, selenides, and tellurides of titanium, zirconium, zinc, lanthanum, niobium, strontium, tantalum, tin, terbium, and tungsten, or mixtures of one or more thereof. Suitable particulate materials include, for example, TiO2, SrTiO3, CaTiO3, ZrO2, WO3, La2O3, titanium sulfide, and potassium niobate. In another illustrative embodiment, the photosensitive material comprises particles having an average size between about 2 nm and 100 nm. In various illustrative embodiments, the photosensitive material comprises particles having an average size between about 10 nm and 40 nm. More preferably, the particles are titanium dioxide particles having an average particle size of about 20 nm.

[0070] The charge-carrying material portion can be any material that facilitates the transfer of electronic charge from a ground potential or current source to its corresponding photosensitive material (and / or the photosensitizer of the photosensitive material). Suitable common types of charge-carrying materials may include, but are not limited to, liquid solvent-based electrolytes, polyelectrolytes, polymers of electrolytes, conductive polymers of n-type and p-type solid electrolytes, and colloidal electrolytes. Generally, the thickness of the charge-carrying material is approximately between 2 μm and 20 μm.

[0071] In various embodiments, the charge-carrying material may include a redox system. Suitable redox systems include, for example, organic or inorganic redox systems. More specifically, for example, the redox system may include cerium (III) sulfate / cerium (IV), sodium bromide / sodium, lithium iodide / iodine, Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ and / or Co 2+ / Co 3+ .

[0072] The charge-carrying material may also include a polymer of an electrolyte. In various illustrative embodiments, the polymer of the electrolyte includes a polymeric (vinyl imidazole halide) and / or a polymeric (vinyl pyridinium salt). In other illustrative embodiments, the charge-carrying material includes a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte may include lithium iodide, pyridinium iodide, and / or a substituted imidazole iodide salt.

[0073] According to various illustrative embodiments, the charge-carrying material may include a polymeric electrolyte. The polymeric electrolyte may include an ionically conductive polymer, such as an electrolyte, in an amount ranging from about 5% to 100% by weight (e.g., 5-60%, 5-40%, or 5-20%); a plasticizer in an amount ranging from about 5% to 90% by weight (e.g., 35-95%, 60-95%, or 80-95%); and an oxidizing electrolyte in an amount ranging from about 0.05M to 10M, such as an organic or inorganic iodide, such as, for example, 0.05-2M, 0.05-1M, or 0.05-0.5M, and iodine in an amount ranging from about 0.01M to 1M, such as 0.05-5M, 0.05-2M, or 0.05-1M. Examples of ionically conductive polymers include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethers, and polyphenols. Suitable plasticizers include, for example, ethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, mixtures of carbonates, organic phosphates, and dialkyl phthalates.

[0074] (Embodiment of Package 40)

[0075] Furthermore, the concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000 provided in the embodiment may include a packaging component 40, and the first concentrating component 10, the second concentrating component 20 and the power generation component 30 are fixed on the packaging component 40 to maintain the relative positions of the first concentrating component 10, the second concentrating component 20 and the power generation component 30, so as to stably form the power generation optical path formed by sunlight passing through the first concentrating component 10, the second concentrating component 20 to the power generation component 30 in the concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000.

[0076] Among them, the first concentrating element 10 and the second concentrating element 20 are independent resin molded bodies respectively. The second concentrating element 20 is separated by the packaging element 40 and is arranged on the optical axis of the first concentrated light 100. The second concentrating element 20 is also constructed to be separated from the power generation element 30, so that most of the second concentrated light 200 obtained by the second concentrating element 20 is vertically incident on the power generation element 30.

[0077] In some embodiments, the second concentrating element 20 is separated from the power generating element 30 by a resin molded body. In this case, the power generating element 30 is insulated by the resin molded body, thereby improving the withstand voltage performance of the conductive portion of the power generating element 30. Furthermore, even in high temperature and high humidity environments, moisture does not enter the conductive portion, thereby achieving a highly reliable concentrating photovoltaic unit 1000.

[0078] (Embodiment of Reflective Member 50)

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, one end of the reflector 50 is connected to the package 40 between two adjacent first concentrating elements 10, and the other end is connected to the flexible substrate 2004. The reflector 50 has at least one reflective surface 50a. The focus reflected by the reflective surface 50 is transmitted to the surface of the second concentrating portion 20.

[0080] In this manner, the reflective surface 50a of the reflector 50 reflects scattered light 101 that deviates from the optical axis onto the second concentrating element 20. This light is captured by the second concentrating element 20 to form second concentrated light 200, which then irradiates the power generation element 30. This increases the amount of light directed to the power generation element 30 and improves power generation efficiency. It should be noted that the reflectivity of the reflective surface 50a is no less than 94%.

[0081] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the reflective surface 50a has a curvature radius that decreases along the optical path of the first concentrated light 100. The focal spot reflected by the reflective surface 50a is transmitted to the surface of the second concentrating portion 201. Thus, light rays that have passed through the first concentrating element 10 and have a large angle with the plane of the first concentrating element 10 can be reflected from the portion of the reflective surface 50a with a large curvature radius onto the second concentrating element 20. Light rays or scattered light 101 that have passed through the first concentrating element 10 and have a small angle with the plane of the first concentrating element 10 can also be reflected from the portion of the reflective surface 50a with a small curvature radius onto the second concentrating element 20. This maximizes the amount of light transmitted by the first concentrating element 10, increases the amount of light directed to the power generation element 30, and improves power generation efficiency.

[0082] Concentrating photovoltaic panels 2000

[0083] On the one hand, if Figure 11 As shown, embodiments further provide a concentrated photovoltaic panel 2000, which is formed by arranging a plurality of the aforementioned concentrated photovoltaic units in a matrix. In this case, the amount of light directed to the power generation element 30 across the entire panel is increased, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the concentrated photovoltaic panel 2000.

[0084] like Figure 11 、 Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, a CPV panel 2000 includes a housing 2001, a circuit board 2002, and a matrix of multiple CPV cells 1000. Housing 2001 is container-shaped (cylindrical) and has a bottom surface. Circuit board 2002 includes a flexible substrate 2004 and a printed circuit 2005 embedded therein. Circuit board 2002 is positioned on the bottom surface of housing 2001. The matrix of CPV cells 1000 is mounted within this container-shaped housing 2001, with their power generation elements 30 electrically connected to the printed circuit 2005. The matrix of CPV cells 1000 concentrates sunlight, which is then directed to the power generation elements 30 via the first and second concentrating elements 10, 20 of each CPV cell 1000. The CPV cell 1000 is then secured and encapsulated by an encapsulation element 40 to form a single unit. A connector for obtaining the electrical output of CPV panel 2000 is provided on the outer surface of housing 2001 and is electrically connected to printed circuit 2005.

[0085] It should be noted that the flexible substrate 2004 used as the substrate is only an example, and other types of substrates can also be used. For example, a plurality of flat plate-shaped (rectangular, etc.) resin substrates or a plurality of ceramic substrates can be used.

[0086] like Figure 3 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the second concentrating element 20 is composed of a resin molded body on the outside and a second concentrating portion 201 encapsulated within the resin molded body. The power generation element 30 is mounted on a flexible substrate 2004. The power generation elements 30 are electrically connected in series and parallel via conductive patterns provided on the flexible substrate 2004, enabling the entire concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000 to generate the desired power. The resin molded body can be made by molding the second concentrating portion 201 from, for example, silicone or acrylic resin. The resin molded body is translucent.

[0087] In some embodiments, a reflective element 50 is also provided at the edge of the matrix formed by a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic units 1000 of the concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000 to wrap the light at the edge of the matrix and reflect it onto the second concentrating element 20 at the edge of the matrix, thereby further increasing the amount of light guided to the power generation element 30 in the entire concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000.

[0088] Evaluation of Photoelectric Effects of Examples

[0089] like Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 7 The concentrated photovoltaic units and concentrated photovoltaic panels of Examples 1 to 3 are respectively constructed. In the figure, the X direction is the projection direction of the second concentrator 20 on the flat surface of the circuit board 2002, and the Y direction is the height direction of the second concentrator 20, that is, the direction perpendicular to the X axis.

[0090] Figure 8 The structure of a concentrating photovoltaic unit of Comparative Example 1 is shown. This concentrating photovoltaic unit includes a flat-plate first concentrating element 10, a spherical second concentrating element 20, a flat-plate power generation element 30, and an encapsulating member 40 enclosing the second concentrating element 20 and the power generation element 30. The first concentrating element 10 is a Fresnel lens similar to that used in Example 1.

[0091] Figure 9 The structure of the CPV unit of Comparative Example 2 is shown. This CPV unit includes a flat-plate first concentrating element 10 and a flat-plate power generation element 30. The first concentrating element 10 is a Fresnel lens similar to that used in Example 1. The power generation element 30 extends all around the surface of the circuit board 2002 in the Y direction to maximize the absorption of the first concentrated light 100 and scattered light 101 from the first concentrating element 10.

[0092] Figure 10 The structure of a concentrating photovoltaic unit of Comparative Example 3 is shown. This concentrating photovoltaic unit includes a flat-plate first concentrating element 10, a flat-plate second concentrating element 20, a flat-plate power generation element 30, and an encapsulating member 40 enclosing the second concentrating element 20 and the power generation element 30. Both the first concentrating element 10 and the second concentrating element 20 are Fresnel lenses, similar to those used in Example 1.

[0093] The photovoltaic effects of the concentrated photovoltaic units obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were tested under standard solar AM 1.5G conditions with an irradiation intensity of 100 mW / cm. Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the short-circuit current values ​​of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in the X direction are lower than those of Examples 2 and 3, and lower than that of Example 1 in the Y direction. In addition, Examples 2 and 3 can also receive the aggregated light in the Y direction and can also excite photons in the Y direction. In addition, the Jsc (mA / cm 2 ) average values ​​were 32.86, 38.53, and 36.37, respectively, while the Jsc (mA / cm 2 )The average values ​​were 15.23, 9.18 and 12.09 respectively.

[0094] It can be seen that the present invention utilizes multiple second focusing parts of the second focusing element to perform secondary aggregation on the first aggregated light, and generates scattered light through the reflective element and performs secondary aggregation again through the second focusing part, which can greatly increase the short-circuit current value, provide the power generation per unit area of ​​the power generation part, and thereby improve its photoelectric efficiency.

[0095] Concentrating solar power generation device

[0096] In one aspect, the present invention also provides a concentrated photovoltaic power generation device. This device includes a concentrated photovoltaic panel 2000 and a driving device configured to drive the concentrated photovoltaic panel 2000 to track the movement of the sun while facing the sun. This provides a concentrated photovoltaic power generation device that maintains peak power generation efficiency at all times during the day.

[0097] The concentrated photovoltaic power generation device includes, for example, a drive device located on the rear surface of a concentrated photovoltaic panel 2000 for sun tracking. The drive device includes a stepper motor for driving in elevation, a stepper motor for driving in azimuth, and a drive circuit for driving the aforementioned devices. It should be noted that the stepper motor is merely an example; other power sources may also be used.

[0098] A driving device (not shown) is provided on the rear surface of CPV panel 2000. By operating this driving device, CPV panel 2000 can be driven in both azimuth and elevation. Accordingly, CPV panel 2000 is driven to always face the sun in both azimuth and elevation. A tracking sensor and a pyranometer are provided at a certain location on CPV panel 2000 (in this embodiment, the center portion), or near the panel. Sun tracking is performed based on the tracking sensor and the sun's position calculated using the latitude, longitude, and time of the installation location. In other words, each time the sun moves by a predetermined angle, the driving device drives CPV panel 2000 at that predetermined angle. The tracking sensor can determine that the sun has moved by the predetermined angle, or it can determine this by latitude, longitude, and time. Therefore, the tracking sensor is sometimes omitted. The predetermined angle is, for example, a constant value, but it can also vary depending on the sun's altitude and the time of day.

[0099] Furthermore, when the concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000 is constructed by arranging a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic panels 2000, the amount of light directed to the power generation element 30 increases throughout the entire panel. Consequently, the power generation efficiency of the concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000 can be improved. Furthermore, the concentrating photovoltaic power generation apparatus includes the concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000 and a drive device that drives the concentrating photovoltaic panel 2000 to perform an operation of tracking the movement of the sun while facing the direction of the sun, and the drive device is capable of maintaining the state of the highest power generation efficiency at that point in time throughout the day.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concentrating photovoltaic unit, characterized in that: include: a first concentrating element, wherein the first concentrating element is a flat-plate Fresnel lens, and comprises a central region, a refractive region, and a reflective region; the refractive index of the central region is greater than that of air, the refractive index of the refractive region is greater than that of air and greater than that of the central region; sunlight is transmitted through the central region and the refractive region to form first concentrated light, and sunlight is partially transmitted and reflected through the reflective region to form scattered light; a second light concentrating element, wherein the second light concentrating element is a lens having at least two second light concentrating portions, the at least two second light concentrating portions being arranged in sequence along the optical path of the first converged light, any one of the second light concentrating portions being located in an annular focal spot formed by the first converged light, the radius of at least one of the second light concentrating portions being less than or equal to the radius of the annular focal spot, the refractive index of the second light concentrating element being greater than the refractive index of air and greater than the refractive index of the refractive zone, the first converged light being transmitted through the second light concentrating portions to form second converged light, a plurality of second light concentrating portions being arranged in sequence along the optical path of the first converged light, the plurality of second light concentrating portions being successively larger along the optical path of the first converged light, and being directly connected or interlocked with each other, the radius of any one of the second light concentrating portions being no greater than the maximum sawtooth radius of the refractive zone of the Fresnel lens; a reflector, one end of which is connected between two adjacent first light concentrating elements and the other end of which extends to the periphery of the second light concentrating element, and the reflector is used to reflect the scattered light onto at least one of the second light concentrating portions; as well as A power generation element having at least two power generation parts, wherein the sunlight, the first concentrated light, and the second concentrated light are irradiated onto the power generation parts to form a power generation optical path; The second concentrating member is constructed as a whole and is hollow inside. The power generation element is wrapped in the second concentrating member. Each concentrating portion wraps one power generation portion. The hollow inside of the second concentrating member is filled with a medium for absorbing ultraviolet light and infrared light. The power generation element comprises a photoelectric conversion layer and conductive fibers. The photoelectric conversion layer is used to receive the second concentrated light inside the same medium of the second focusing element to generate excited electrons therein. The conductive fibers are wrapped in the photoelectric conversion layer to transfer electrons and transmit electricity.

2. The concentrated photovoltaic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The second light focusing portion is in an arc shape, and a plurality of the second light focusing portions are interlocked to form an integrated second light focusing member, and the radius of the plurality of the second light focusing portions increases successively.

3. The concentrated photovoltaic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation component further comprises a light-conducting layer, which is a thin film wrapped around the surface of the power generation component and used for conducting the second aggregated light transmitted through the medium.

4. The concentrated photovoltaic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention further comprises a packaging component, wherein the first light concentrating component, the second light concentrating component and the power generating component are fixed on the packaging component to maintain the relative positions of the first light concentrating component, the second light concentrating component and the power generating component.

5. The concentrated photovoltaic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective element has at least one reflective surface, the reflective surface has a curvature radius that continuously decreases along the optical path direction of the first concentrated light, and the focal spot reflected by the reflective surface is transmitted to the surface of the second focusing portion.

6. A concentrated photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: include: a housing formed in a container shape and having a bottom surface; a circuit board comprising a flexible substrate and a printed circuit embedded therein, the circuit board being arranged on the bottom surface of the housing; as well as A matrix formed by a plurality of concentrated photovoltaic units according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the matrix is ​​installed in the housing and its power generation components are electrically connected to the printed circuit.

7. A concentrated solar power generation device, characterized in that: include: The concentrated photovoltaic panel according to claim 6; as well as A driving device is configured to drive the concentrated photovoltaic panel to perform an operation of tracking the movement of the sun while facing the direction of the sun.

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