Degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising blanket and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising blanket, which is in a plate structure and comprises a biological base material and a biological binder; the biological binder is obtained by fermentation of a lees enzymolysis solution and a synergist after inoculation of a strain; the lees enzymolysis solution is prepared from fresh lees and glucoamylase; the synergist is prepared from natural herbs, white sugar, deionized water and a bacterial solution according to a mass ratio of 1:15:150:15; the bacterial solution comprises Trichoderma viride JX18-0201; the Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 has a preservation number of CCTCC NO:M2021509. The technical principle of the application is that the blocky seedling raising blanket formed by the biological base material and the biological binder replaces the original traditional seedling raising substrate and plastic seedling tray, can meet the nutrition of normal seedling emergence and development of plants, has the characteristics of the plastic seedling tray, can be directly used for seedling transplanting, and does not need to use the plastic seedling tray, thereby reducing the cost of recycling and processing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seedling raising blanket, and particularly relates to a degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising blanket and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, soil matrix seedling raising and soil transplanting are still adopted for rice machine transplanting. The matrix nutrient soil is prepared by farmers in spring of the current year through a series of operations such as soil selection, soil taking, transportation, crushing and screening. Due to the lack of good quality and stable and reliable soil source guarantee in this soil preparation method, there are often situations of poor soil quality, difficult soil taking and even no soil available.

[0003] Based on the urgent needs of production, in recent years, the research on seedling raising matrix has been carried out in many places in order to replace soil with materials that are abundant in supply, easy to obtain, stable in quality, suitable in price and good in effect, and then add various organic and inorganic fertilizers and other additives to produce special matrix for rice seedling raising. The seedling raising matrix applied in production at present can be roughly divided into two categories of mineral and organic materials. The mineral materials mainly include perlite, vermiculite, zeolite and fly ash; the organic materials include grass carbon (peat), carbonized rice husk, biochar and crop straw. Some seedling raising matrixes are prepared by mixing two or more than two different materials.

[0004] However, the existing seedling raising matrix and the traditional plastic seedling tray have many shortcomings, such as environmental pollution, resource waste, soil structure destruction, disease and pest breeding problems, high maintenance cost, unsuitability for organic agriculture and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of green agricultural production. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising blanket and a preparation method thereof, which solves the technical problems of the existing seedling raising matrix and plastic seedling tray, such as easy environmental pollution, soil structure destruction, disease and pest breeding and high cost.

[0006] According to the degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising blanket provided by the embodiment of the present application, the seedling raising blanket is in a plate structure, and the seedling raising blanket comprises a biological base material and a biological binder.

[0007] The biological binder is prepared by fermentation of a distiller's grains enzymatic hydrolysate and a synergist after inoculation of a strain.

[0008] The distiller's grains enzymatic hydrolysate is prepared from fresh distiller's grains and glucoamylase.

[0009] The synergist is prepared from natural herbs, white sugar, deionized water and a bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 1:15:150:15.

[0010] The bacterial liquid comprises Trichoderma viride JX18-0201.

[0011] The Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 has a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2021509.

[0012] The technical principle of the present application is that the block seedling mat formed by the biological substrate and the biological binder replaces the original traditional seedling raising substrate and plastic seedling tray, which can meet the nutrition of normal seedling development of plants, has the characteristics of the plastic seedling tray, and can be directly used for seedling transplanting without using the plastic seedling tray, thereby reducing the cost of recycling and processing.

[0013] The biological binder prepared from the vinasse has the characteristics of high binding property, good strength, degradability and the like, so that the seedling mat has better physical and chemical properties and use effect, and then the seedling mat can be completely degraded in the natural environment by the action of microorganisms without recycling, and helps to improve the soil structure and reduce land pollution.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The fungus liquid prepared from the Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2021509 and natural herbs has higher biological activity, such as improving the clearance rate of DPPH free radicals, the clearance rate of hydroxyl radicals and the clearance rate of superoxide anions, and can promote the formation of the biological binder.

[0016] 2. The biological substrate and the biological binder are both degradable materials, so that the seedling mat can be completely degraded in the natural environment by the action of microorganisms, which helps to improve the soil structure, reduces land pollution, and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0017] 3. The biological binder formed by the fermentation of the vinasse has the effect of improving the utilization rate of the waste resource of vinasse.

[0018] 4. The seedling mat formed by the vinasse and the biological substrate has rich nutrients, can meet the seedling demand of plants, improve the seedling rate, has the effect of reducing the loss of soil water and nutrients compared with the traditional soil substrate seedling raising, and avoids the destruction of the soil structure.

[0019] 5. The biological binder prepared from the vinasse has the characteristics of high binding property, good strength, degradability and the like, so that the seedling mat has better physical and chemical properties and use effect, and then the plastic seedling tray is not needed, which has the effect of reducing the cost.

[0020] Further, the fresh vinasse includes vinasse dry and water, the mass ratio of the vinasse dry and water is 1:3, and the volume ratio of the glucoamylase and the vinasse dry and water is 1:200.

[0021] Further, the natural herb is Tagetes erecta.

[0022] The fermentation of the Tagetes erecta by Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 with the preservation number of CCTCC NO:M2021509 can improve the biological activity, such as the clearance rate of DPPH free radicals, the clearance rate of hydroxyl radicals and the clearance rate of superoxide anion.

[0023] The preparation method of the degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising blanket according to the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1, preparing raw materials:

[0025] Preparation of enzyme hydrolysate of vinasse:

[0026] The fresh vinasse is stirred and broken, then glucoamylase is added and stirred uniformly, and finally enzyme hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 60 DEG C for 3 hours;

[0027] Preparation of synergist:

[0028] The Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 is used to prepare a bacterial liquid, and then the bacterial liquid, natural herb, white sugar and ionized water are mixed in a mass ratio of 15:1:15:150;

[0029] Preparation of biological substrate:

[0030] The dried straw is crushed to obtain straw powder;

[0031] S2, biological fermentation:

[0032] The straw powder in the step S1 is mixed with the enzyme hydrolysate of vinasse and the synergist, and is cultured in an environment of 30 DEG C for 3-20 days to form a seedling raising blanket;

[0033] S3, drying:

[0034] The seedling raising blanket in the step S2 is dried.

[0035] The technical principle of the application is that the straw powder, the enzyme hydrolysate of vinasse and the synergist are prepared respectively, then mixed and cultured to form the seedling raising blanket in one step; compared with the method that the enzyme hydrolysate of vinasse and the synergist are mixed to generate a biological binder, and then mixed with the straw powder, the seedling raising blanket prepared in one step has better physical and chemical properties.

[0036] Further, the fresh vinasse in the step S1 needs to be adjusted to a mass ratio of 1:3 of vinasse and water, and then the fresh vinasse is broken by a stirrer.

[0037] Further, the content of the glucoamylase added in the step S1 is 0.5% of the total volume of the fresh vinasse.

[0038] Further, the glucoamylase in the prepared distiller's grains enzymatic hydrolysate has an enzyme activity of 260000 U / mL.

[0039] The glucoamylase with a content of 0.5 % and an ensured enzyme activity of 260000 U / mL can ensure that the enzymolysis is completed at a temperature of 60 DEG C for 3 hours.

[0040] Further, in the S2 step, the pH value is adjusted to 6 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid before culture.

[0041] The suitable pH value environment is provided for fermentation, and the smooth production of the biological binder and the forming of the seedling mat are ensured.

[0042] Further, in the S3 step, drying is required at an environment of 60 DEG C for 18 hours.

[0043] The low-temperature drying method at 60 DEG C is beneficial to make the seedling mat have excellent strength and porosity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 The preparation method flow chart of the degradable soilless and trayless seedling mat is shown.

[0045] Figure 2 The DPPH free radical clearance rate comparison chart of the extract of the Tagetes erecta before and after fermentation is shown.

[0046] Figure 3 The hydroxyl free radical clearance rate comparison chart of the extract of the Tagetes erecta before and after fermentation is shown.

[0047] Figure 4 The superoxide anion clearance rate comparison chart of the extract of the Tagetes erecta before and after fermentation is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions in the present application are further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The degradable soilless and trayless seedling mat has a plate-like structure, and thus has the functions of the seedling substrate and the plastic seedling tray at the same time.

[0051] The biological binder is formed by fermentation of the distiller's grains enzymatic hydrolysate and the access of the strain after the synergist.

[0052] The distiller's grains enzymatic hydrolysate is prepared from fresh distiller's grains and glucoamylase, and the fresh distiller's grains include distiller's grains dry and water, and the mass ratio of the distiller's grains dry to water is 1:3.

[0053] The synergist is prepared by marigold, white sugar, deionized water and bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 1:15:150:15.

[0054] Specifically, the bacterial liquid comprises Trichoderma viride JX18-0201.

[0055] Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 has been preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on May 11, 2021, with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2021509 and a Latin name of Trichoderma viride JX18-0201.

[0056] After the application is actually used for seedling raising, the seedlings have a vigorous growth, a green leaf color, an upright leaf posture, a medium tillering capacity, and a good color change in the later period. The total root number and white root number of the seedlings are 18.4 and 11.3, respectively, the root length is between 6.1-6.7 cm, the root system is developed, the roots are white, short and thick, there is no black root, the maximum tiller number is as high as 22.6 per plant, the seedlings are uniform, the population grows vigorously, and the individual difference is small. The earing rate is 74.6%, the plant height is 87.4 cm, and the ear length is 17.6 cm. Compared with traditional seedling raising substrates, the seedlings have a better growth.

[0057] After the seedlings are planted into farmland, they begin to degrade after 35 days in the field, and the degradation rate reaches 85.79% after 120 days in the field. The degradation residues are mainly small and medium-sized with sizes of 2 cm² and 2-5 cm². The degraded seedling raising carpet in the field can improve soil nutrients. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium under the seedling raising carpet are increased by 10.1%, 22.2%, 23.8%, 18.02%, 34.1%, 7.6% and 32.3%, respectively. During the field seedling raising process, the seedling raising carpet can improve seedling quality and emergence rate, increase biomass accumulation and yield. Compared with traditional plastic seedling trays, the use of the seedling raising carpet for rice seedling raising can increase the rice emergence rate by 11.79%, the plant height by 13.31%, the stem base width by 15.89%, and the aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, underground fresh weight and underground dry weight by 12.61%, 10.13%, 32.52% and 23.83%, respectively. The effective panicle number, grains per panicle, seed setting rate, thousand-grain weight and yield are increased by 18.39%, 7.04%, 6.40%, 8.28% and 9.80%, respectively.

[0058] As shown in Figure 1 the preparation method of the degradable soilless and trayless seedling raising carpet, which comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1, preparing raw materials:

[0060] Preparation of the enzymatic hydrolysate of distiller's grains:

[0061] The fresh distiller's grains need to be adjusted to a mass ratio of 1:3 of distiller's grains to water, then the fresh distiller's grains are broken up by a stirrer, then glucoamylase is added and stirred evenly, the content of the added glucoamylase is 0.5% of the total volume of the fresh distiller's grains, and the enzyme activity of the glucoamylase is ensured to be 260000 U / mL, and finally the enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 60°C for 3 hours to ensure that the distiller's grains are completely hydrolyzed.

[0062] Preparation of the synergist:

[0063] The green Trichoderma JX18-0201 is used to prepare a bacterial solution, and then the bacterial solution is mixed with natural herbs, white sugar and ionized water at a mass ratio of 15:1:15:150.

[0064] Preparation of the biological substrate:

[0065] The dried straw is crushed to obtain straw powder.

[0066] S2, biological fermentation:

[0067] The straw powder in the S1 step is mixed with the enzymatic hydrolysate of distiller's grains and the synergist, and the pH value is adjusted to 6 using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, and then it is placed in an environment of 30°C for 3-20 days, during which the biological binder gradually forms to bind the straw powder to form a seedling raising mat.

[0068] S3, drying:

[0069] The seedling raising mat in the S2 step is dried at 60°C for 18 hours to form a dried seedling raising mat, which is convenient for storage and use.

[0070] The marigold used in the present application is fermented by Trichoderma JX18-0201, which can improve its biological activity, such as the clearance rate of DPPH free radicals, the clearance rate of hydroxyl radicals and the clearance rate of superoxide anions, and the specific experiments are as follows:

[0071] 20g of marigold powder is weighed into a small fermentation tank, dried after sterilization in a sterilization pot at 121°C for 30min, 40mL of distilled water is added, and a marigold culture medium is obtained. The strain Trichoderma JX18-0201, which has been cultured in advance in PDA medium, is about 1cm2 of mycelial disc, which is added to the small fermentation tank, and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 48h to obtain a synergist containing live Trichoderma JX18-0201.

[0072] The bioactivity assay of marigolds fermented with *Trichoderma viride* JX18-0201 was performed as follows: Fermented marigolds were placed in a three-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux condenser, and thermometer. Ethanol was added as the extraction solvent at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. The mixture was stirred and heated at 50°C for 2 hours, then cooled and filtered to obtain the marigold extract. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined, and the specific results are as follows: Figures 2-4 As shown.

[0073] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the scavenging rates of DPPH free radicals by fermented marigold extract and unfermented marigold extract were 24.01% and 15.63%, respectively. The scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals by fermented marigold extract was slightly increased, indicating that it had higher antioxidant activity.

[0074] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the scavenging rates of hydroxyl radicals by marigold extract before and after fermentation were 12.63% and 19.74%, respectively. The scavenging rate of hydroxyl radicals by marigold lutein extract was slightly increased after fermentation, indicating that it has higher antioxidant activity.

[0075] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the scavenging rates of superoxide anions by fermented marigold extract and unfermented marigold extract were 60.54% and 86.39%, respectively. A higher scavenging rate indicates stronger reducing power; therefore, fermented marigold has a much greater scavenging ability than unfermented marigold.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat, characterized in that: The seedling raising blanket is in a plate structure, and comprises a biological substrate and a biological binder; The biological binder is obtained by fermentation of a distiller's grains enzymolysis solution and a synergist inoculated with a strain; The distiller's grains enzymolysis solution is prepared from fresh distiller's grains and glucoamylase; The synergist is prepared from natural herbs, white sugar, deionized water and a bacterial solution according to a mass ratio of 1:15:150:15; The bacterial solution comprises Trichoderma viride JX18-0201; The Trichoderma viride JX18-0201 has a preservation number of CCTCC NO:M2021509; The fresh distiller's grains comprise distiller's grains dry and water, and the mass ratio of the distiller's grains dry to water is 1:3, and the volume ratio of the glucoamylase to the distiller's grains dry and water is 1:200; The natural herbs are tagetes.

2. The method for preparing the biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Comprise: S1, preparing raw materials: Preparation of a distiller's grains enzymolysis solution: The fresh distiller's grains are stirred and broken, then the glucoamylase is added and stirred uniformly, and finally enzymolysis is carried out at a temperature of 60℃ for 3 hours; Preparation of a synergist: The bacterial solution is prepared by using the Trichoderma viride JX18-0201, and then the bacterial solution, natural herbs, white sugar and deionized water are mixed according to a mass ratio of 15:1:15:150; Preparation of a biological substrate: The dried straw is crushed to obtain straw powder; S2, biological fermentation: The straw powder in the S1 step is mixed with the distiller's grains enzymolysis solution and the synergist, and is cultured in an environment of 30℃ for 3-20 days to form a seedling raising blanket; S3, drying: The seedling raising blanket in the S2 step is dried.

3. The method for preparing the biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the distiller's grains dry to water in the fresh distiller's grains in the S1 step is adjusted to 1:3, and then the fresh distiller's grains are stirred and broken by a stirrer.

4. The method for preparing the biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The content of the glucoamylase added in the S1 step is 0.5% of the total volume of the fresh distiller's grains.

5. The method for preparing the biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The enzyme activity of the glucoamylase in the preparation of the distiller's grains enzymolysis solution is 260000 U / mL.

6. The method for preparing the biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In the S2 step, the pH value is adjusted to 6 by sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid before culture.

7. The method for preparing the biodegradable soilless and trayless seedling raising mat as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In the S3 step, drying is carried out in an environment of 60℃ for 18 hours.

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