A debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics

Abstract

The present invention relates to a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics, comprising a tunnel body, an entrance and an exit, a scale-shaped drag reduction structure is laid on the inner wall surface of the tunnel body, and the scale-shaped drag reduction structure covers all the inner wall surfaces of the entire tunnel body; wherein, the scale-shaped drag reduction structure is formed by continuously laying and splicing a plurality of scale units, the scale unit having a top, a bottom and a waist, the top having an outwardly convex arc top side end face, the bottom having an inwardly concave arc bottom side end face, the waist having two symmetrically arranged inwardly concave arc waist side end faces, and all two adjacent scale units are seamlessly spliced; the bottom and top of each scale unit are arranged along the flow direction of the debris flow, the end face length of the outwardly convex arc top side end face is greater than the end face length of the inwardly concave arc bottom side; the thickness of the bottom of each scale unit is less than the thickness of the top, and the thickness from the bottom to the top changes uniformly. The present invention can avoid or reduce the siltation and blockage of the debris flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of culvert structures, and in particular relates to a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics. Background Art

[0002] Culverts are one of the important drainage channels for rivers crossing roadbeds, and are also an important part of small debris flow drainage projects. When roads cross valleys, rivers, channels, etc., culverts of reasonable forms are often built to cross the roadbed, becoming the main channels for crossing the road horizontally. Culverts can ensure that the roadbed is continuously protected from scouring or erosion by water or debris flow, but the drainage and sand transport and anti-siltation capabilities of culverts directly affect the safety and stability of the roadbed. In debris flow areas, cover culverts are usually used to drain debris flow to improve the toughness of road structures.

[0003] Although culverts have the advantages of wide application, little impact from climate, and quick effectiveness, debris flows are prone to serious cumulative siltation in culverts, causing them to overflow and thus damage roads, and there is no obvious improvement in the toughness of road structures.

[0004] In summary, when a debris flow disaster occurs, the existing culvert structure is not effective in controlling the debris flow. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, an embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics to solve one or more of the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved in that:

[0007] A debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics, comprising a tunnel body and an entrance and an exit located at both ends of the tunnel body, wherein a scale-shaped drag reduction structure is laid on the inner wall surface of the tunnel body, and the scale-shaped drag reduction structure covers all the inner wall surfaces of the tunnel body;

[0008] Among them, the scale-shaped drag reduction structure is formed by continuously laying and splicing a plurality of scale units, and the scale unit has a top, a bottom and a waist. The top has an outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end face, the bottom has an inwardly concave arc-shaped bottom side end face, and the waist has two symmetrically arranged inwardly concave arc-shaped waist side end faces, and all two adjacent scale units are seamlessly spliced; the bottom and top of each scale unit are arranged along the flow direction of the debris flow, and the end face length of the outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end face is greater than the end face length of the inwardly concave arc-shaped bottom side; the thickness of the bottom of each scale unit is less than the thickness of the top, and the thickness from the bottom to the top changes uniformly.

[0009] Furthermore, the scale unit has a flexible top plate, a flexible bottom plate, a flexible side plate and a rigid support plate, and the flexible top plate, the flexible bottom plate and the flexible side plate are connected to form an internal closed cavity, and a plurality of the rigid support plates are vertically and parallelly arranged in the internal closed cavity, and the rigid support plates are arranged in parallel along the flow direction of the debris flow; and the top edge and the bottom edge of the rigid support plate are respectively connected to the flexible top plate and the flexible bottom plate, and the two vertical sides of the rigid support plate are connected to the inner wall surface of the flexible side plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a flexible covering layer is laid on the top surface of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure, and the shape of the flexible covering layer is adapted to the surface shape of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the surface of the flexible covering layer is coated with a super hydrophobic coating having a bionic lotus leaf surface structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the top surface of the scale unit is provided with an annular guide groove and a radial guide groove; the annular guide groove is parallel to the outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end surface of the top, and the radial guide groove extends from the top to the bottom of the scale unit and intersects with the annular guide groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of the radial guide grooves is three, including a central guide groove and two side guide grooves, the central guide groove is located on the symmetry axis of the scale unit, and the two side guide grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central guide groove; along the flow direction of the debris flow, the scale-shaped drag reduction structure can be divided into multiple rows of parallel scale linear combinations, and the central guide grooves of multiple scale units in each scale linear combination are located on the same straight line.

[0014] Furthermore, the tunnel body includes a bottom plate, and two culverts are arranged on the bottom plate. The culverts have streamlined surfaces, and the plurality of scale units are continuously laid along the streamlined surfaces of the culverts.

[0015] Furthermore, the streamlined surface has a crest, and from the entrance to the exit of the culvert, the horizontal distance between the two culvert platforms first decreases and then increases; the distance from the position of the crest to the culvert exit is a first distance, and the distance from the position of the crest to the culvert entrance is a second distance, and the first distance is greater than the second distance.

[0016] Furthermore, the tunnel body also includes wing walls and cover plates, the bottom plate is arranged on the foundation, and the cover plates are fixedly arranged on the top ends of the two culverts; the wing walls include inlet end wing walls and outlet end wing walls, and the two sets of wing walls are connected to the vertical sides of the two ends of the two culverts in an eight-shaped arrangement to form an eight-shaped entrance and exit.

[0017] Furthermore, two ends of the culvert are respectively connected to the inlet wing wall and the outlet wing wall, and the overall span of the culvert is the same as the length of the cover plate.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0019] a) The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure provided by the present invention utilizes bionics to optimize the design of the culvert and lays a scale-shaped drag reduction structure on the inner wall of the culvert, which can reduce the pressure drop of debris flow entering and exiting the culvert, reduce the movement resistance of debris flow in the culvert, and increase the speed of debris flow passing through the culvert, thereby avoiding or reducing debris flow siltation and blockage, reducing the impact of debris flow disasters on the road structure capacity, thereby improving the toughness of the road structure, and can be widely used in debris flow disaster damage control.

[0020] b) The bionics-based debris flow diversion and drag reduction culvert structure provided by the present invention sets the inner surface of the culvert platform to a streamlined structure, which can reduce the formation of vortices, thereby reducing the resistance caused by the vortices, allowing the fluid to flow smoothly through the surface of the bottom plate, reducing the friction resistance and pressure difference resistance between the fluid and the bottom plate surface, making the debris flow encounter less resistance in the culvert, and further improving the drag reduction effect.

[0021] c) The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure provided by the present invention has an internal structure of a scale unit that relies on a fin effect design. The scale unit has a flexible top plate, a flexible bottom plate and a flexible side plate. A rigid support plate is arranged in the internal cavity of the scale unit. When a debris flow occurs, after the surface of the scale unit is impacted by the debris flow, the flexible top plate bends into an arch that is more in line with the direction of fluid movement, and dynamically disperses part of the resistance generated by the impact to further achieve a drag reduction effect.

[0022] d) The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure provided by the present invention has an annular guide groove and a radial guide groove on the top surface of the scale unit, which further reduces the resistance of the debris flow flowing inside the culvert, helps to further reduce the siltation intensity and siltation volume, and improves the toughness of the road structure.

[0023] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the embodiments of this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A top view of the bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A side view of a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a scale unit provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a scale unit provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the deformation state of the scale unit provided by the present invention when impacted by a debris flow;

[0032] Figure 8 A disassembly diagram of the scale unit provided by the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a flexible covering layer is provided on the surface of a scale-shaped drag reduction structure provided by the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible covering layer provided by the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the scale unit arrangement and the setting of the guide groove provided by the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1-foundation; 2-bottom plate; 3-cover plate; 4-culvert; 5-wing wall; 51-inlet wing wall; 52-outlet wing wall; 6-scale-shaped drag reduction structure; 61-scale unit; 611-top; 612-bottom; 613-waist; 614-flexible top plate; 615-flexible bottom plate; 616-flexible side plate; 617-rigid support plate; 618-annular guide groove; 619-radial guide groove; 619a-middle guide groove; 619b-side guide groove; 62-linear combination of scales; 7-flexible covering layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. In the accompanying drawings, the sizes and relative sizes of the components may be exaggerated for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. When the exemplary embodiments can be implemented differently, the specific process sequence may be performed in a different order than described. For example, two continuously described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in an order opposite to the described order. In addition, the same reference numerals represent the same components.

[0040] The terms used here are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be restrictive. As used here, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one (kind, person)" and "said (the)" are also intended to include plural forms. In addition, when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" and their variations are used in this specification, it is explained that there are stated features, integral bodies, steps, operations, parts, assemblies and / or their groups, but it is not excluded that there are or add one or more other features, integral bodies, steps, operations, parts, assemblies and / or their groups. It should also be noted that, as used here, the terms "substantially", "approximately" and other similar terms are used as approximate terms and not as degree terms, so that they are used to explain the inherent deviations of the measured values, calculated values ​​and / or the values ​​provided that will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The applicant investigated and analyzed the causes of blockage and siltation of culverts in debris flow areas and found that the main causes of blockage and siltation of culverts include the following three aspects: first, the total amount of debris flow in one process is small and the flow rate is also small, so the debris flow directly stops and accumulates in the culvert; second, when the debris flow volume is too large, exceeding the discharge capacity of the culvert or the debris flow encounters resistance in the movement of the culvert, the discharge capacity of the culvert is insufficient and siltation occurs; third, the cross-sectional size of the culvert itself is too small and siltation occurs. Based on the above analysis, debris flow siltation and blockage can be reduced by expanding the size of the culvert or increasing the speed of the debris flow in the culvert; however, when the measure of expanding the size of the culvert is adopted, the force on the culvert will change, which will affect the stability of the road itself; and the factors affecting the velocity of the debris flow are complex. It is affected by many factors such as the regional geological conditions, topography, and rainfall at the time of occurrence in the area where the debris flow occurs. The velocity of the debris flow before entering the culvert is difficult to control. Therefore, this application optimizes the culvert structure so that after the debris flow enters the culvert, the resistance between the debris flow and the inner wall of the culvert is reduced, thereby accelerating the rapid passage of the debris flow through the culvert and improving the siltation and blockage of the culvert.

[0043] Based on the above analysis, a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics, such as Figures 1 to 11 As shown, it includes a tunnel body and an entrance and an exit located at both ends of the tunnel body, and a scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6 is laid on the inner wall surface of the tunnel body, and the scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6 covers all the inner wall surfaces of the entire tunnel body;

[0044] Among them, the scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6 is formed by continuously laying and splicing a plurality of scale units 61, the scale unit 61 having a top 611, a bottom 612 and a waist 613, the top 611 having an outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end face, the bottom 612 having an inwardly concave arc-shaped bottom side end face, the waist 613 having two symmetrically arranged inwardly concave arc-shaped waist side end faces, and all two adjacent scale units 61 are seamlessly spliced; the bottom 612 and the top 611 of each of the scale units 61 are arranged along the flow direction of the debris flow, the end face length of the outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end face is greater than the end face length of the inwardly concave arc-shaped bottom side; the thickness of the bottom 612 of each of the scale units 61 is less than the thickness of the top 611, and the thickness from the bottom 612 to the top 611 varies uniformly.

[0045] The scale units 61 are arranged continuously, so that the inner wall surface of the culvert presents a stepped distribution. A clockwise vortex will be generated in the downstream direction of each scale unit. The vortex increases the thickness of the boundary layer, keeps the high-speed fluid away from the near-wall area, effectively reduces the near-wall velocity, and greatly weakens the turbulence. However, the flow direction of the debris flow above the vortex is consistent with the incoming flow direction, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the fluid.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present embodiment provides a bionic-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure, which can significantly reduce the silt thickness and silt buried length of the road structure. This is because the bionic scales increase the speed of the debris flow in the culvert, allowing a large amount of debris flow to quickly pass through the culvert without being blocked at the entrance of the culvert, reducing the phenomenon of debris flow rushing onto the road surface due to stagnation at the entrance. Due to the drag reduction effect of the bionic scale-shaped drag reduction structure, the debris flow still has a certain speed when it reaches the culvert exit, causing the debris flow to continue to move forward, and the length and thickness of the debris flow deposited at the culvert exit are also reduced, thereby improving the toughness of the road structure.

[0047] In one of the optional embodiments, the internal structure of the scale unit is designed to imitate the fin effect. Specifically, the scale unit 61 has a flexible top plate 614, a flexible bottom plate 615, a flexible side plate 616 and a rigid support plate 617. The flexible top plate 614, the flexible bottom plate 615 and the flexible side plate 616 are connected to form an internal closed cavity. A plurality of rigid support plates 617 are vertically and parallelly arranged in the internal closed cavity. The rigid support plates 617 are arranged in parallel along the flow direction of the debris flow; and the top and bottom edges of the rigid support plates 617 are respectively connected to the flexible top plate 614 and the flexible bottom plate 615, and the two vertical sides of the rigid support plates 617 are connected to the inner wall surface of the flexible side plate 616. By designing the scale unit structure in accordance with the fin effect, when a debris flow occurs, after the surface of the scale unit is impacted by the debris flow, the flexible top plate bends into an arch that is more in line with the direction of fluid movement, and dynamically disperses part of the resistance generated by the impact to further achieve a drag reduction effect.

[0048] In one optional implementation, the flexible top plate 614, the flexible bottom plate 615 and the flexible side plate 616 may be made of thermoplastic polyurethane rubber material, such as silicone, or memory alloy material.

[0049] Under the strong impact of debris flow, cracks may be generated between the scale units 61. If the cracks are filled with debris flow, the drag reduction effect will be affected. Based on this, in this embodiment, the top surface of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6 is also paved with a flexible covering layer 7, and the shape of the flexible covering layer 7 is adapted to the surface shape of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6. In this embodiment, by covering the top surface of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6 with a whole piece of flexible covering layer 7, all scale units are directly covered. In this way, even if cracks are generated between the scale units 61, the drag reduction effect will not be affected by the debris flow filling the cracks, thereby ensuring the reliability of the drag reduction effect of the debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics in this application.

[0050] Furthermore, the surface of the flexible covering layer 7 is coated with a super hydrophobic coating with a bionic lotus leaf surface structure, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or other materials, which can further reduce friction resistance while being waterproof and anti-corrosive, thereby helping to reduce siltation and blockage.

[0051] In one of the optional embodiments, the top surface of the scale unit 61 is provided with an annular guide groove 618 and a radial guide groove 619; the annular guide groove 618 is parallel to the convex arc-shaped top side end surface of the top 611, and the radial guide groove 619 extends from the top 611 of the scale unit 61 to the bottom 612 and intersects with the annular guide groove 618. By providing an annular guide groove and a radial guide groove on the top surface of the scale unit, the resistance of the debris flow flowing inside the culvert can be further reduced, which helps to further reduce the siltation intensity and siltation volume, and improve the toughness of the road structure.

[0052] Exemplarily, there are three radial guide grooves 619, including a central guide groove 619a and two side guide grooves 619b, the central guide groove 619a is located on the symmetry axis of the scale unit 61, and the two side guide grooves 619b are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central guide groove 619a; along the flow direction of the debris flow, the scale-shaped drag reduction structure 6 can be divided into multiple rows of parallel scale linear combinations 62, and the central guide grooves 619a of multiple scale units 61 in each scale linear combination 62 are located on the same straight line, and each scale unit 61 has a certain height difference at the front and rear connection, so that the central guide groove 619a is spliced ​​to form a stepped long groove with a certain slope, which increases the contact area between the water flow and the wall of the guide groove, helps to distribute the water flow velocity more evenly, reduce turbulence and eddy currents in local high-speed areas, and enhance the drag reduction effect.

[0053] The debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics in this embodiment is suitable for various types of culverts. Exemplarily, the culvert of the debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics adopts a cover culvert as a whole, the inner wall surface of the tunnel body includes a top wall surface and a bottom wall surface, the top wall surface and the bottom wall surface are planes, the tunnel body includes a bottom plate 2, a culvert platform 4, a wing wall 5 and a cover plate 3, the bottom plate 2 is arranged on the foundation 1, and two culvert platforms 4 are arranged on the bottom plate 2, and the culvert platform 4 has a streamlined inner surface, and a plurality of the scale units 61 are continuously laid according to the streamlined inner surface of the culvert platform 4. By setting the culvert platform of the culvert to a streamlined structure, the formation of vortices can be reduced, thereby reducing the resistance caused by the vortex, allowing the fluid to flow smoothly through the culvert body, reducing the friction resistance and pressure difference resistance between the fluid and the culvert platform surface, making the resistance of the debris flow in the culvert smaller, and further improving the drag reduction effect.

[0054] In one of the optional embodiments, the streamlined surface of the culvert platform 4 has a crest, and the crest is closer to the entrance of the culvert, that is, in the direction from the entrance of the culvert to the exit of the culvert, the horizontal distance between the two culvert platforms 4 first decreases and then increases; the distance from the position of the crest to the exit of the culvert is the first distance, and the distance from the position of the crest to the entrance of the culvert is the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the second distance. The culvert platform 4 within the first distance range is an inward-contracting curved surface, and the streamlined surface 42 within the second distance range is an outward-expanding curved surface, the rate of change of the inward-contracting curved surface is large, and the rate of change of the outward-expanding curved surface is small. This design can reduce the pressure difference of the water flow before and after the culvert, achieve a more uniform pressure distribution, increase the speed of the fluid at the exit, and reduce siltation at the entrance of the cave.

[0055] Furthermore, the bottom plate 2 and the culvert platform 4 are connected by reinforced concrete, and the cover plate 3 is fixedly arranged on the top of the two culvert platforms 4; the wing wall 5 includes a group of inlet end wing walls 51 and a group of outlet end wing walls 52, and the two groups of wing walls 5 are connected to the two vertical sides of the two culvert platforms 4 in an eight-shaped arrangement to form an eight-shaped entrance and exit, and the left and right wing walls 5 have an opening angle of 20°, and the left and right wing walls 5 are symmetrical. The inner surface of the culvert platform 4 is a streamlined structure, and the two ends of the culvert platform 4 are respectively connected to the inlet end wing wall 51 and the outlet end wing wall 52, and the overall span of the culvert platform 4 is the same as the length of the cover plate 3.

[0056] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only the specific implementation method of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure based on bionics, characterized in that: It comprises a tunnel body and an entrance and an exit located at both ends of the tunnel body, wherein the inner wall surface of the tunnel body is paved with a scale-shaped drag reduction structure (6), and the scale-shaped drag reduction structure (6) covers all the inner wall surfaces of the tunnel body; The scale-shaped drag reduction structure (6) is formed by continuously laying and splicing a plurality of scale units (61); the scale unit (61) has a top (611), a bottom (612) and a waist (613); the top (611) has an outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end face, the bottom (612) has an inwardly concave arc-shaped bottom side end face, the waist (613) has two symmetrically arranged inwardly concave arc-shaped waist side end faces, and all two adjacent scale units (61) are seamlessly spliced; the bottom (612) and the top (611) of each scale unit (61) are arranged along the flow direction of the debris flow, and the end face length of the outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end face is greater than the end face length of the inwardly concave arc-shaped bottom side; the thickness of the bottom (612) of each scale unit (61) is less than the thickness of the top (611), and the thickness from the bottom (612) to the top (611) changes uniformly.

2. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The scale unit (61) comprises a flexible top plate (614), a flexible bottom plate (615), a flexible side plate (616) and a rigid support plate (617). The flexible top plate (614), the flexible bottom plate (615) and the flexible side plate (616) are connected to form an internal closed cavity. A plurality of the rigid support plates (617) are vertically and parallelly arranged in the internal closed cavity. The rigid support plates (617) are arranged in parallel along the flow direction of the debris flow. Moreover, the top edge and the bottom edge of the rigid support plate (617) are respectively connected to the flexible top plate (614) and the flexible bottom plate (615), and the two vertical sides of the rigid support plate (617) are connected to the inner wall surface of the flexible side plate (616).

3. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top surface of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure (6) is also paved with a flexible covering layer (7), and the shape of the flexible covering layer (7) is adapted to the surface shape of the scale-shaped drag reduction structure (6).

4. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The surface of the flexible covering layer (7) is coated with a super hydrophobic coating having a bionic lotus leaf surface structure.

5. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top surface of the scale unit (61) is provided with an annular guide groove (618) and a radial guide groove (619); the annular guide groove (618) is parallel to the outwardly convex arc-shaped top side end surface of the top (611), and the radial guide groove (619) extends from the top (611) of the scale unit (61) to the bottom (612) and intersects with the annular guide groove (618).

6. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The number of the radial guide grooves (619) is three, including a central guide groove (619a) and two side guide grooves (619b); the central guide groove (619a) is located on the symmetry axis of the scale unit (61), and the two side guide grooves (619b) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central guide groove (619a); along the flow direction of the debris flow, the scale-shaped drag reduction structure (6) can be divided into multiple rows of parallel scale linear combinations (62), and the central guide grooves (619a) of multiple scale units (61) in each scale linear combination (62) are located on the same straight line.

7. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The tunnel body comprises a bottom plate (2), two culvert platforms (4) are arranged on the bottom plate (2), the culvert platforms (4) have a streamlined surface, and a plurality of scale units (61) are continuously laid according to the streamlined surface of the culvert platforms (4).

8. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The streamlined surface has a wave crest, and in the direction from the entrance to the exit of the culvert, the horizontal distance between the two culvert platforms (4) first decreases and then increases; the distance from the position of the wave crest to the culvert exit is a first distance, and the distance from the position of the wave crest to the culvert entrance is a second distance, and the first distance is greater than the second distance.

9. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tunnel body further comprises wing walls (5) and a cover plate (3); the bottom plate (2) is arranged on the foundation (1); the cover plate (3) is fixedly arranged on the top ends of the two culvert platforms (4); the wing walls (5) comprise an inlet end wing wall (51) and an outlet end wing wall (52); the two groups of wing walls (5) are connected to the two end vertical sides of the two culvert platforms (4) in an eight-shaped arrangement, forming an eight-shaped inlet and outlet.

10. The bionics-based debris flow drainage and drag reduction culvert structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The two ends of the culvert (4) are respectively connected to the inlet wing wall (51) and the outlet wing wall (52), and the overall span of the culvert (4) is the same as the length of the cover plate (3).

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