Fire warning device and fire extinguishing system for buses

Abstract

A fire warning device and fire extinguishing system for buses, belonging to the field of alarm technology. In the device, a spectrometer divides the incident light into two light beams, a first light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from one light beam and converts it into a first electrical information; a second light detector detects a reflection spectrum of a projected light used to measure the concentration of combustible molecules in the air from another light beam, and converts the reflection spectrum into a second electrical information; a spark spectrum determination module determines the combustible spark spectrum characteristics according to the first electrical information; a concentration detection module determines the combustible molecule concentration in the bus engine compartment air according to the second electrical information; a fire probability identification module generates the probability of a fire according to the combustible spark spectrum characteristics and the combustible molecule concentration, and a comparison module is used to compare the probability with a first threshold value, and if it is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, a fire warning information is sent to an automatic fire extinguisher and a host computer. The present invention warns of fires caused by a failure of a combustible system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fire early warning device and a fire extinguishing system for a bus, belonging to the technical field of alarms. Background Art

[0002] For example, the Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN118236664A discloses a fire monitoring system for buses. The system includes: a controller, and a fire monitoring device and a fire extinguishing device connected to the controller; the controller is configured to: receive real-time information about the environment in the car, detect whether a fire has occurred, and if a fire has occurred, issue an alarm; at the same time, determine the size of the fire and its changing trend; calculate the passenger density in the current car based on the infrared image in the car; if the density is less than the set threshold, determine the timing of sending the fire extinguishing command based on the fire and its changing trend. The invention can comprehensively determine the fire extinguishing triggering timing based on the passenger density and the fire, and extinguish the fire in a timely manner while ensuring personal safety.

[0003] However, the main causes of fires in vehicles, including buses, include electrical system failure, fuel system failure, ignition system failure, mechanical friction overheating, tire burst, collision and impact, improper maintenance, etc. Electrical system failure: including short circuit, open circuit, wire damage, etc., which may be caused by improper maintenance, wear or aging. Fuel and gas system failure: such as the failure of fuel pumps, injectors, fuel filters and other components may cause fuel leakage, poor fuel atomization and other problems, thus causing fires. Ignition system failure: the failure of spark plugs, ignition coils, distributors and other components may cause spark leakage, excessive sparks and other problems, thus causing fires. Mechanical friction overheating: the friction of engine crankshafts, connecting rods, pistons and other components may cause local overheating, thus causing fires. Tire burst: the resulting fragments may ignite the fuel in the tire, thus causing fires. Collisions and impacts: may cause the leakage of flammable materials such as fuel and lubricants, thus causing fires. Improper maintenance: Liquids such as engine oil and brake fluid leaking into the combustion chamber or around the spark plug may cause a fire.

[0004] In other words, once a fire occurs in a vehicle including a bus, the fire will spread immediately and even explode. It can be seen that the above technical solutions provided by the prior art cannot solve the fire caused by the vehicle itself, especially the fuel system and gas system failure. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a fire warning device and a fire extinguishing system for a bus, which can warn of fires caused by fuel and gas system failures.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a fire warning device for a bus, which includes: a first detection module, a first data processor and a first communication unit, wherein the detection module includes a spectrometer, a first light detector, a second light detector and a first temperature sensor, wherein the spectrometer divides the incident light into a first light beam and a second light beam, wherein the first light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from the first light beam and converts the spark discharge spectrum into first electrical information; the second light detector detects a reflection spectrum of the projected light used to measure the concentration of combustible molecules in the air in the engine compartment of the bus from the second light beam, and converts the reflection spectrum into second electrical information; the data processor includes a spark spectrum determination module, a combustible molecule concentration detection module in the air, a first fire alarm module, a second temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor; ... spark discharge spectrum from the second light beam and converts the reflection spectrum into second electrical information; the data processor includes a spark spectrum determination module, a combustible molecule concentration detection module in the air, a first fire alarm module, a second temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor; the first light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from the first light beam and converts the spark discharge spectrum into first electrical information; the second light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from the second light beam and converts the reflection spectrum into second electrical information; the first light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from the second light beam, a first fire alarm module, a second temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor; the first light detector detects A probability identification module and a first comparison module, wherein the spark spectrum determination module determines the flammable spark spectrum characteristics according to the first electrical information; the concentration detection module determines the concentration of flammable molecules in the air in the bus engine box according to the second electrical information; the first fire probability identification module generates the probability of a fire in the bus engine box according to the flammable spark spectrum characteristics, the concentration of flammable molecules in the air in the bus engine box and the temperature value in the bus engine box detected by the first temperature sensor, and the first comparison module is used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus engine box with a first threshold value. If the probability of a fire in the bus engine box is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, the first data processor sends fire warning information to multiple first automatic fire extinguishers and the host computer through the first communication unit.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention also provides a fire extinguishing system for a bus, which includes the above-mentioned fire warning device for a bus and multiple first automatic fire extinguishers connected via a network; each first automatic fire extinguisher includes a second data processor, a first ignition unit, a fire extinguishing agent box and a second communication unit, the second communication unit is communicatively connected to the fire warning device for the bus, and when receiving fire warning information from the fire warning device for the bus, the second communication unit is prepared to extinguish the fire, and when receiving fire extinguishing information from the fire warning device for the bus, the second data processor sends an instruction to the second ignition unit to ignite the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent box.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the fire warning device and automatic fire extinguishing device for buses provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0009] The present invention detects a spark discharge spectrum from a first light beam through a first light detector and converts the spark discharge spectrum into first electrical information; detects a reflection spectrum of a projected light used to measure the concentration of combustible molecules in the air in a bus alarm box (i.e., a bus alarm accommodating chamber) from a second light beam through a second light detector, and converts the reflection spectrum into second electrical information; determines the combustible spark spectrum characteristics according to the first electrical information through a spark spectrum determination module; generates the probability of fire according to the combustible spark spectrum characteristics, the concentration of combustible molecules in a bus engine box, and the temperature value in the bus engine box detected by a first temperature sensor through a first fire probability identification module, thereby providing an early warning of fires caused by fuel and gas system failures, and fundamentally solving the problem of vehicle fires. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 The figure is a block diagram of a fire extinguishing system for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 The present invention is a block diagram of a fire warning device for a bus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 3 The present invention is a block diagram of a first automatic fire extinguisher for a bus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of a fire extinguishing agent box for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 5 It is a block diagram of the composition of a fire warning device for a carriage provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 6 It is a block diagram of the composition of a second fire extinguisher for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent cartridge provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. The meaning of "several" is one or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0019] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fire extinguishing system for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the fire extinguishing system for buses provided by the present invention includes multiple fire warning devices for buses and multiple first automatic fire extinguishers connected through a network; the fire warning devices and first automatic fire extinguishers for buses are arranged in the accommodating cavity where the engine, fuel tank and other fuel tanks are located, and are used to monitor and extinguish the engine and fuel tanks including fuel tanks. The fire extinguishing system for buses also includes multiple fire warning devices for carriages and multiple second fire extinguishers, and multiple fire warning devices for carriages and multiple second fire extinguishers are arranged in the carriages, which are used to monitor and extinguish the carriages. The bus carriages are provided with multiple seats for passengers to sit. The fire extinguishing system for buses also includes a host computer, which includes a controllable terminal for bus drivers and a controllable terminal for bus management departments. The network includes 4G network, 5G network, and also includes wireless local area network.

[0020] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fire warning device for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, each fire warning device for a bus includes: a first detection module, a first data processor and a first communication unit, the first detection module includes a spectrometer, a first light detector, a second light detector and a first temperature sensor, the spectrometer divides the incident light into a first light beam and a second light beam, the first light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from the first light beam and converts the spark discharge spectrum into first electrical information; the second light detector detects a reflection spectrum of the projected light used to measure the concentration of combustible molecules in the air in the bus alarm chamber from the second light beam, and converts the reflection spectrum into second electrical information; the first data processor includes a spark spectrum determination module, a combustible molecule concentration detection module in the air, a first fire probability recognition module and a first comparison module, wherein the spark spectrum determination module determines the flammable spark spectrum characteristics according to the first electrical information; the concentration detection module determines the concentration of flammable molecules in the air in the bus engine box according to the second electrical information; the first fire probability identification module generates the probability of a fire in the bus engine box according to the flammable spark spectrum characteristics, the concentration of flammable molecules in the air in the bus engine box and the temperature value in the bus engine box detected by the first temperature sensor, and the first comparison module is used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus engine box with a first threshold value. If the probability of a fire in the bus engine box is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, the first data processor sends fire warning information to multiple first automatic fire extinguishers and the host computer through the first communication unit.

[0021] Combustible molecules such as oil molecules, gas molecules, etc. By detecting the concentration of oil molecules and gas molecules in the engine box of the bus, it is possible to determine whether the oil tank or gas tank is leaking oil or gas. If there is an oil or gas leak and it encounters a combustible spark, it is easy to cause a fire.

[0022] In the present invention, the first comparison module is used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus engine box with a second threshold. If the probability of a fire in the bus engine box is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the first data processor sends fire extinguishing information to multiple first automatic fire extinguishers and the host computer through the first communication unit, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0023] When a spark is generated in the bus engine, if the wavelength of the spark is in at least one of the first band of 552nm and 555nm, the second band of 588nm and 591nm, and the third band of 619nm and 623nm, a fire is likely to occur. In the present invention, the wavelength and peak value of the spark discharge light spectrum are input into the first fire probability identification module as determination information for determining the flammability of the spark. Optionally, the combination of the waveform, peak value, wavelength, etc. of the spark discharge spectrum representing the flammable spark spectrum characteristics can also be input into the first fire probability identification module. The first fire probability identification module calculates the probability of a fire in the bus engine box based on the flammable spark spectrum characteristics in the bus engine box, the temperature value in the bus engine box, and the concentration of flammable molecules in the bus engine box.

[0024] The fire warning device for buses provided by the present invention also includes a first storage unit, which is used to store control programs, module programs and data, such as the spark spectrum detection module, the air combustible molecule concentration detection module, the first fire probability identification module and the first comparison module. The controlled control program is, for example, a program for controlling the first temperature sensor, the first light detector, the second light detector and the first communication unit. The data includes intermediate data and result data of the module and control program operation process, and also includes data such as the first threshold value and the second threshold value provided to the first comparison module.

[0025] Figure 3 : is a block diagram of a first automatic extinguisher for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, each first automatic fire extinguisher includes a second data processor, a first ignition unit, a fire extinguishing agent box and a second communication unit. The second communication unit is communicatively connected to a fire warning device for a bus. When receiving fire warning information from the fire warning device for the bus, the second data processor prepares for fire extinguishing. When receiving fire extinguishing information from the fire warning device for the bus, the second data processor sends an instruction to the first ignition unit to ignite the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent box.

[0026] The first automatic fire extinguisher provided by the present invention also includes a second storage unit, which is used to store control programs and data, such as a program for controlling the first ignition unit, a program for controlling the second communication unit, etc. The data includes intermediate data and result data of the control program running process.

[0027] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a fire extinguishing agent box for a bus provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4As shown, the fire extinguishing agent box includes a rectangular outer shell 31 and a rectangular inner shell 32, and a first insulating material layer 33 is filled between the rectangular outer shell and the rectangular inner shell; a first buffer material layer 34, a first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer 35, a first bushing 37, a first cooling material layer 41 and a second bushing 45 are sequentially arranged in the rectangular inner shell, and a supporting film 36 is arranged on the lower end surface of the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer; a first metal wire mesh 39 and a second metal mesh 40 are respectively arranged on the top and bottom surfaces of the first cooling material layer; a first ignition device 42 is arranged on the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer, and the first ignition device is connected to the first ignition unit through a first lead-out line 43; a plurality of first nozzles 44 are arranged at the lower end of the second bushing, and a diaphragm 38 is arranged on each first nozzle.

[0028] Optionally, there are multiple first ignition tools, which are evenly distributed in the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer.

[0029] Optionally, the first bushing and the first cooling material layer are multiple layers and are overlapped.

[0030] In the present invention, the first buffer material layer is rectangular in shape to match the upper bottom of the rectangular inner shell, and is made of kraft paper laminate, glass wool, silicon base, etc., to prevent direct impact on the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer.

[0031] The first bushing is a roughly C-shaped ring component with two ends separated by a gap, and is made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS, aluminum alloy, steel, etc. The first bushing is used to maintain the space between the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer and the first coolant layer. The upper end surface of the first bushing abuts against the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer to support the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer. The outer peripheral surface of the first bushing forms a continuous surface with the outer peripheral surface of the first potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer without generating steps.

[0032] The lower end surface of the first bushing is provided with a first cooling material layer held by a first metal mesh and a second metal mesh. The first metal mesh is made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS, steel, etc. The upper end surface of the first metal mesh abuts against the lower end surface of the first bushing. The outer peripheral surface of the first metal mesh is substantially equal to the outer peripheral surface of the first bushing. A first cooling material layer is provided on the lower end surface side of the first metal mesh. The first cooling material layer is made of, for example, alumina, silica, zeolite, kaolin, SUS, etc., and is formed into a sphere or tablet. The first cooling material layer is used to perform heat exchange with ionic potassium oxide and reduce the temperature of the injected ionic potassium oxide. The second metal mesh is made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS, steel, etc. The upper end surface of the second metal mesh abuts against the first cooling material layer. The outer peripheral surface of the second metal mesh is substantially equal to the outer peripheral surface of the first metal mesh. The first metal mesh and the second metal mesh are used to clamp the first cooling material layer.

[0033] A second bushing is disposed on the lower end face of the second metal mesh. The second bushing is formed into a Z shape, for example, and is made of a metal material such as SUS, aluminum alloy, copper, etc., to form an outer shape similar to the second metal mesh. The second bushing supports the second metal mesh at one end face of the plurality of bends.

[0034] The first heat insulating material layer is made of, for example, glass wool, glass wool, ceramic wool, etc., and mitigates heat from the outside and thermal changes of ionized potassium oxide sprayed when the fire extinguishing agent burns.

[0035] Figure 5 : is a block diagram of a fire warning device for a carriage provided by an example of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fire warning device for a carriage includes a second detection unit and a third data processor, wherein the second detection unit includes a second temperature sensor, a smoke sensor and an image sensor; the third data processor includes a fire element recognition model, a second fire probability recognition model and a second comparison module, wherein the fire element recognition model recognizes the name of the combustible material and the name of the ignition source in the bus carriage at the current time according to the image in the bus carriage at the current time acquired by the image sensor; the second fire probability recognition model estimates the probability of a fire according to the temperature of the bus carriage at the current time acquired by the second temperature sensor, the name of the combustible material and the name of the ignition source in the bus carriage at the current time; the second comparison module is used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus carriage with a third threshold value, and when the probability of a fire in the bus carriage is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, the third data processor sends an instruction to the image sensor to increase the resolution of the image sensor, and provides an instruction to the smoke sensor to increase the sensitivity of the smoke sensor.

[0036] In the present invention, the fire warning device for the carriage also includes an audible and visual alarm, and the third data processor causes the audible and visual alarm to display a light signal corresponding to the probability value of the fire, and to send a sound signal corresponding to the probability value of the fire.

[0037] In the present invention, the fire warning device for the carriage also includes a third communication unit. When the probability of a fire in the bus carriage is greater than or equal to a third threshold, the third data processor sends a detection instruction to the second fire extinguisher through the third communication unit to detect whether the ignition unit is in good condition; and at the same time, sends a warning message to the host computer.

[0038] In the present invention, when the probability of a fire in a bus compartment is greater than or equal to a fourth threshold, the third data processor sends a fire extinguishing instruction to the second fire extinguisher and simultaneously sends bus compartment fire extinguishing information to the host computer. The fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold, and the fourth threshold is the probability value of a fire.

[0039] In the present invention, the fire warning device for a carriage also includes a third storage unit, which is used to store control programs and data. The control program includes a program for processing signals obtained by the smoke sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the image sensor, and controlling the actions of the sound and light alarm and the third communication unit according to the processing results.

[0040] The fire element recognition model provided by the present invention is trained by a deep convolutional GAN, which includes a discriminator, a generator and a switch; during training, the discriminator is connected to the generator through the switch, the generator generates image training data samples for training the discriminator according to the training data samples, and the discriminator uses the image training data samples generated by the generator for training; during identification, the discriminator is connected to the image sensor through the switch, and outputs the name of the combustible material and the name of the ignition source according to the image data provided by the image sensor. The discriminator includes a classifier, which is, for example, a CNN neural network. The classifier can be trained to perform the task of identifying real data samples. The training data for the discriminator is similar to the actual data sample, but can be generated or modified to include the ability to present it as a false sample or an artificial sample. The neural network of the discriminator and the generator can usually be implemented by a multi-layer network, which is composed of multiple processing layers, such as normalization processing, activation processing, input reshaping processing, Gaussian discarding processing, Gaussian noise processing, two-dimensional convolution and two-dimensional upsampling.

[0041] In the present invention, the generator can be regarded as a network mapped from data space to image space. The discriminator can be regarded as a probability mapping network from image space to real data sets. During training, the discriminator tries to get results based on the input. Based on a series of results, both the discriminator and the generator can try to fine-tune parameters to improve their operation. For example, if the discriminator makes a correct prediction, the generator can update its parameters to generate fake samples and deceive the discriminator. If the discriminator makes an incorrect prediction based on the fake sample, the discriminator can learn from the error and avoid similar errors. Therefore, the parameters of the discriminator and the parameters of the generator can be updated by feedback gradient. The feedback gradient update can be continuous or incremental. The generator and the discriminator can be iteratively executed to optimize data generation and image classification. During the feedback gradient update process, the generator can be frozen first, and only the discriminator is trained until the discriminator reaches the optimal recognition result. During the period when the generator is frozen, the discriminator can be trained. Then freeze the discriminator and train the generator. Then, freeze the generator, train the discriminator, and so on.

[0042] The present invention can determine whether the stopping condition is met by evaluating whether the gradient is large enough. The generator of the present invention obtains the gradient through the back propagation algorithm to update its parameters, and each layer of the generator has one or more gradients.

[0043] Figure 6It is a block diagram of the composition of the second fire extinguisher for buses provided by the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the automatic fire extinguisher for a bus compartment provided by the present invention includes a fourth data processor, a fourth communication unit, a second ignition unit and a fire extinguishing agent cartridge. The fourth communication unit is used to communicate with the above-mentioned fire warning device for the compartment. When the fourth data processor receives a fire extinguishing instruction through the fourth communication unit, the fourth data processor causes the second ignition unit to ignite the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent cartridge according to the fire extinguishing instruction until the fire is extinguished.

[0044] The second fire extinguisher provided by the present invention further includes a fourth storage unit for storing control programs and data, such as a program for controlling the second ignition unit, a program for controlling the fourth communication unit, etc. The data includes intermediate data and result data of the control program operation process.

[0045] In the present invention, the second fire extinguisher also includes an input unit, which is used for the user to input fire extinguishing instructions. The input unit is installed on the second fire extinguisher to facilitate the user's emergency operation. A protective shell is provided outside the input unit to prevent misoperation.

[0046] In the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent is potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent. The potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent formula uses food-grade raw materials and is safe and harmless to the human body. Its fire extinguishing principle is: the ionic potassium oxide released by the combustion of potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent has a universal uniform effect, achieving full flooding coverage of the entire protection area, combining with flame free radicals when contacting the fire source, repeatedly cutting off the flame free radical reaction chain, forming stable non-combustible products, and ultimately causing the flame chain to be interrupted, achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing without consuming the oxygen content of the environment. The gas released by the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent can be suspended in the protected room or shell for at least 30 minutes, effectively and continuously suppressing the expansion or re-ignition of the fire.

[0047] The safe and non-toxic potassium oxide fire extinguisher can deal with five major types of fires. It has a storage temperature of -60~+160℃ and is not afraid of bumps and vibrations. It is stored in a solid state and will not activate until it exceeds 410℃. When ignited, the solid state will be converted into gas and released.

[0048] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent cartridge provided by the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent cylinder provided by the present invention includes an outer cylinder 1 and an inner cylinder 2 arranged in the outer cylinder, and a second insulation material layer 17 is filled between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; the outer cylinder is provided with an outer cylinder top plate 3, and the inner cylinder is provided with an inner cylinder top plate 4; an insertion hole for embedding a second ignition device 24 is provided in the center of the outer cylinder top plate and the inner cylinder top plate.

[0049] The inner tube is provided with a second buffer material layer 5, a second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer 6, a third bushing 7, a third metal wire mesh 8, a second cooling material layer 9, a fourth metal wire mesh 10, a fourth bushing 11, a fifth metal wire mesh 12, a third cooling material layer 13, a sixth metal wire mesh 14 and a fifth bushing 15 in sequence from top to bottom.

[0050] The outer side of the fifth bushing is assembled on the inner side of the insulation material. The lower end surface of the fifth bushing is provided with a second nozzle 16, which can be multiple and evenly arranged on the lower end surface of the fifth bushing. When the potassium oxide extinguishing agent is not ignited, the second nozzle is sealed by the nozzle seal 18.

[0051] The second igniter includes a mounting component 20, which has a first groove 21 opening upward and a second igniter insertion hole 22 penetrating from the center of the first groove toward the top plate of the outer tube and the inner tube, and the insertion hole has a second groove 23, and the second groove is provided with a sealing ring 26 to maintain the airtightness of the second lead wire 25 of the second igniter. The second groove is connected to an assembly hole 27 for assembling the second igniter through a small hole. The end 19 of the second igniter is round.

[0052] The second ignition device ignites the second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer.

[0053] In the first embodiment, the second buffer material layer is in the shape of a disc and is made of kraft paper laminate, glass wool, silicon base, etc., for preventing direct impact on the second potassium oxide extinguishing agent layer. Since the outer diameter of the second buffer material layer is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the inner cylinder.

[0054] The third bushing is a roughly C-shaped ring component with two ends separated by a gap, and is made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS, aluminum alloy, steel, etc. The third bushing is used to maintain the space between the second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent and the second coolant layer. The upper end surface of the third bushing abuts against the second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer to play the function of supporting the second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer. The outer peripheral surface of the third bushing forms a continuous surface with the outer peripheral surface of the second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer without generating steps.

[0055] The lower end surface of the third bushing is provided with a second cooling material layer maintained by a third metal mesh and a fourth metal mesh. The third metal mesh is made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS or steel. The upper end surface of the third metal mesh abuts against the lower end surface of the third bushing. The outer peripheral surface of the third metal mesh is substantially equal to the outer peripheral surface of the third bushing. A second cooling material layer is provided on the lower end surface side of the third metal mesh. The second cooling material layer is made of, for example, alumina, silica, zeolite, kaolin, SUS, etc., and is formed into a sphere or tablet. The second cooling material layer is used to exchange heat with ionic potassium oxide and reduce the temperature of the injected ionic potassium oxide. The fourth metal mesh is made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS or steel. The upper end surface of the fourth metal mesh abuts against the second cooling material layer. The outer peripheral surface of the fourth metal mesh is substantially equal to the outer peripheral surface of the third metal mesh. The third metal mesh and the fourth metal mesh are used to maintain the second cooling material layer. A fourth bushing is provided on the lower end surface side of the fourth metal mesh. The fourth bushing is formed into a Z shape, for example, and is made of a metal material such as SUS, aluminum alloy, copper, etc., and has an outer shape similar to that of the fourth metal mesh. The fourth bushing holds the fourth metal mesh at the end surface side of the plurality of bent portions.

[0056] A third cooling material layer held by a fifth metal mesh and a sixth metal mesh is arranged on the lower end surface of the fourth bushing. The fifth metal mesh is made of metal materials such as SUS, steel, etc. The upper end surface of the fifth metal mesh abuts against the lower end surface of the fourth bushing. The outer peripheral surface of the fifth metal mesh is substantially equal to the outer peripheral surface of the third metal mesh and the outer peripheral surface of the fourth metal mesh. A third cooling material layer is arranged on the lower end surface of the fifth metal mesh. The third cooling material layer is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, diaspore, SUS, etc. The third cooling body layer exchanges heat with the combustible ionized potassium oxide, thereby reducing the temperature of the injected combustible ionized potassium oxide.

[0057] The cooling material of the third cooling material layer is formed into a sphere or tablet having a smaller diameter than the cooling material of the second cooling material layer. The sixth metal mesh is made of a metal material such as SUS, steel, etc. The upper end surface side of the sixth metal mesh abuts against the third cooling material layer. The outer peripheral surface of the sixth metal mesh is substantially equal to the outer peripheral surface of the third metal mesh, the outer peripheral surface of the fourth metal mesh, and the outer peripheral surface of the fifth metal mesh. A fifth bushing is arranged on the lower end surface of the sixth metal mesh. The fifth bushing is made of a metal material such as SUS, aluminum alloy, copper, etc.

[0058] The second heat insulating material layer is made of, for example, glass wool, glass wool, ceramic wool, etc., and mitigates heat from the outside and thermal changes when the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed.

[0059] Next, the fire extinguishing process of the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent cartridge is described. First, the second fire extinguisher energizes the second ignition device through the second lead-out line to ignite the second potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent layer. Then, the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent burns to produce ionized potassium oxide fire extinguishing gas. Then, the produced ionized potassium oxide fire extinguishing gas is ejected into the third bushing, flows into the second coolant layer, and heat exchange is performed when passing through the second coolant layer to reduce the temperature of the fire extinguishing ionized potassium oxide.

[0060] Then, the extinguishing ionized potassium oxide that has passed through the second cooling material layer is sprayed into the fourth bushing. Then, the extinguishing ionized potassium oxide sprayed into the fourth bushing flows into the third cooling material layer, and heat exchange is performed while passing through the third cooling material layer to further reduce the temperature of the extinguishing ionized potassium oxide.

[0061] Then, the fire-extinguishing ionized potassium oxide that has passed through the third cooling material layer is sprayed into the fifth bushing. The fire-extinguishing ionized potassium oxide sprayed into the fifth bushing increases the gas pressure, breaks the nozzle seal at the second nozzle, and the fire-extinguishing ionized potassium oxide is released to the outside from the opened second nozzle.

[0062] The fire extinguishing gas sprayed from the potassium oxide fire extinguishing agent cartridge provided by the invention has a low temperature, will not cause burns to the human body, and is vibration-resistant.

[0063] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing system for a bus, characterized in that: It includes a plurality of fire warning devices for buses, a plurality of first automatic fire extinguishers, a plurality of fire warning devices for carriages and a plurality of second fire extinguishers connected through a network, wherein: Each fire warning device for buses includes: a first detection module, a first data processor and a first communication unit, wherein the detection module includes a spectrometer, a first light detector, a second light detector and a first temperature sensor, wherein the spectrometer divides the incident light into a first light beam and a second light beam, wherein the first light detector detects a spark discharge spectrum from the first light beam and converts the spark discharge spectrum into a first electrical information; the second light detector detects a reflection spectrum of the projected light used to measure the concentration of combustible molecules in the air in the bus engine compartment from the second light beam, and converts the reflection spectrum into a second electrical information; the first data processor includes a spark spectrum determination module, a combustible molecule concentration in the air detection module, a first fire probability recognition module and a first comparison module, wherein the spark spectrum determination module determines the combustible spark spectrum characteristics according to the first electrical information; the concentration detection module determines the combustible molecule concentration in the air in the bus engine compartment according to the second electrical information; the first fire probability recognition module determines the combustible spark spectrum characteristics according to the combustible spark spectrum characteristics, the combustible molecule concentration in the air in the bus engine compartment and the first The temperature value in the bus engine box detected by the temperature sensor generates the probability of a fire in the bus engine box. The first comparison module is used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus engine box with a first threshold. If the probability of a fire in the bus engine box is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first data processor sends fire warning information to multiple first automatic fire extinguishers and the host computer through the first communication unit; the flammable spark spectrum is characterized by a combination of the waveform, peak value and wavelength of the spark discharge spectrum; the wavelength of the flammable spark spectrum is in the first band above 552nm and below 555nm, the second band above 588nm and below 591nm, and the third band above 619nm and below 623nm; the first comparison module is also used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus engine box with a second threshold. If the probability of a fire in the bus engine box is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the first data processor sends fire extinguishing information to multiple first automatic fire extinguishers and the host computer through the first communication unit, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; Each first automatic fire extinguisher includes a second data processor, a first ignition unit, a fire extinguishing agent box, and a second communication unit. The second communication unit is connected to the fire warning device for the bus for communication. When receiving the fire warning information from the fire warning device for the bus, the second data processor sends a command to the second ignition unit to ignite the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent box. Each fire warning device for a carriage includes a second detection unit and a third data processor, wherein the second detection unit includes a second temperature sensor, a smoke sensor and an image sensor; the third data processor includes a fire element recognition model, a second fire probability recognition model and a second comparison module, wherein the fire element recognition model recognizes the name of the combustible material and the name of the ignition source in the bus carriage at the current time according to the image data in the bus carriage at the current time acquired by the image sensor; the second fire probability recognition model estimates the probability of a fire in the bus carriage according to the temperature of the bus carriage at the current time acquired by the second temperature sensor and the name of the combustible material and the name of the ignition source in the bus carriage at the current time provided by the fire element recognition model; the second comparison module is used to compare the probability of a fire in the bus carriage with a third threshold value, and when the probability of a fire in the bus carriage is greater than or equal to the third threshold value When the second data processor sends instructions to the image sensor to improve the resolution of the image sensor, and provides instructions to the smoke sensor to improve the sensitivity of the smoke sensor; the fire element recognition model is trained by a deep convolutional GAN, and the deep convolutional GAN ​​includes a discriminator, a generator and a switch; during training, the discriminator is connected to the generator through a switch, and the generator generates image training data samples for training the discriminator according to the training data samples, and the discriminator is trained using the image training data samples generated by the generator; during identification, the discriminator is connected to the image sensor through a switch, and outputs the name of the combustible material and the name of the ignition source according to the image data provided by the image sensor; when the probability of a fire in the bus compartment is greater than or equal to a fourth threshold, the third data processor sends a fire extinguishing instruction to multiple second fire extinguishers and the host computer through the third communication unit, and the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold; Each second fire extinguisher includes a fourth data processor, a second ignition unit, a fire extinguishing agent cartridge, a fourth communication unit and an input unit. The fourth communication unit is communicatively connected to the fire warning device for the carriage. When the fire warning information from the fire warning device for the carriage is received, preparations are made for fire extinguishing. When the fire extinguishing information from the fire warning device for the carriage is received and the fire extinguishing instruction input by the user from the input unit is received, the third data processor sends an instruction to the second ignition unit to ignite the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent cartridge.

2. The fire extinguishing system for buses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing agent is potassium oxide.

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