Rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device, sowing and fertilization unit and control method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural assembly technology, and provides a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device, a sowing and fertilizing unit, and a control method. The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device includes a separator, an air duct, and a fertilizer discharger. The separator has an overflow pipe, one end of which is located in the separator, and the other end of the overflow pipe extends to the outside of the separator and is connected to the air duct. The separator is connected to the fertilizer discharger; blades and annular grooves are provided in the fertilizer discharger, and the fertilizer discharger is provided with a fertilizer feeding port. The blades are located in the annular grooves, and the annular grooves are connected to the separator and the fertilizer feeding port. The blades can perform a rotary motion along the annular grooves. The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device keeps the fertilizer in a flowing state at all times, thereby improving the fluidity of the fertilizer; the rotary centrifugal method is used to apply fertilizer, and the centrifugal force of the rotating motion of the fertilizer ball increases the speed at which the fertilizer ball falls; the strong fluidity of the fertilizer improves the problem of poor fertilizer filling performance in the fertilizer chamber, and improves the accuracy and stability of high-speed fertilizer extraction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and in particular to a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device, a sowing and fertilization unit and a control method. Background Art

[0002] Fertilization is an important part of the crop planting process and an important factor affecting the stable increase of crop yields. At present, the domestic base fertilizer application method is strip application, and the fertilizer application amount is large. The strip application method easily causes the waste of fertilizer far away from the root system between two plants, and excessive fertilizer application will cause soil compaction and acidification, leading to environmental pollution and other problems. Hole fertilization technology can apply fertilizer in a ball shape to one side of the seed, realizing precise fertilization at a fixed point and quantitative level in the crop root zone. It is an effective way to reduce fertilizer application, improve fertilizer utilization, and protect the soil environment. It is of great significance to achieve the comprehensive agricultural goals of "high yield, high quality, high efficiency, environmental protection and soil improvement".

[0003] According to the working principle, hole fertilization can be divided into rotary fertilizer method and pile release method. The rotary fertilizer method uses a fertilizer wheel to take fertilizer from the fertilizer box, and the airflow carries the fertilizer into the fertilizer ditch at the bottom of the device. The fertilizer chamber capacity is manually adjusted to adjust the amount of hole fertilization. Infrared photoelectric sensors and Hall proximity switches are used to detect seed fertilizer information respectively. The seed fertilizer correspondence algorithm is designed to calculate the seed fertilizer deviation. The motor drives the planetary gear mechanism to rotate and correct the fertilizer plate speed to achieve seed fertilizer correspondence. The pile release method intermittently releases fertilizer through the switch mechanism to achieve intermittent fertilizer distribution and fertilization. The duckbill hole piercer detects the plant position through a mechanical structure. The piercing mechanism and the hole forming device open fertilizer holes in the soil. The fertilizer is applied near the root system of the plant. The electromagnetic opening and closing mechanism completes the storage and application of fertilizer by opening and closing the flap. The speed of the fertilizer trough wheel is adjusted to adjust the amount of hole fertilization. The sensor detects the fall of seeds, and the electric control switch controls the opening and closing of the flap to achieve seed fertilizer correspondence. The air-blowing opening and closing mechanism includes the air-blowing flap type and the air-blowing brush type. The former is controlled by the electromagnetic valve to cut off the positive pressure airflow and cooperate with the torsion spring to control the opening and closing of the blades. When the airflow intervenes, the blades open, and the fertilizer is blown into the fertilizer ditch by the airflow acceleration. When the airflow is cut off, the torsion spring closes the blades and stores fertilizer again. The seed detection sensor detects the seeding and controls the solenoid valve to blow fertilizer time to ensure the correspondence between seeds and fertilizers. The latter uses positive pressure airflow to blow the flexible brush. When the airflow intervenes, the brush opens, and the fertilizer is blown into the fertilizer ditch. When the airflow is cut off, the brush closes. The speed of the fertilizer discharge groove wheel is adjusted to adjust the amount of fertilizer applied to the holes, and the switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve is adjusted to achieve speed-dependent hole fertilization. The high-speed operation of the fertilizer wheel has poor fertilizer-taking performance, and the fertilizer chamber volume needs to be manually adjusted to change the amount of fertilizer applied to the holes, and the adjustment process is cumbersome; the hole-piercing mechanism needs to identify the position of the plant, which is suitable for topdressing in the seedling stage, and the operation speed is slow and the efficiency is low; the electromagnetic opening and closing mechanism is slow, lacks an accelerated fertilizer feeding device, and the fertilizer forms strips under high-speed operation; the air-blowing opening and closing mechanism will disturb the fertilizer flow when blowing fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer applied to the holes varies greatly. The high-speed airflow has a greater impact on the aggregation of fertilizer balls, affecting the hole formation; the photoelectric sensor is easily affected by the environment when detecting seed drop, and the repeated and missed sowing of seeds has a great impact on the detection results, and it is difficult to match the seeds and fertilizers. Based on this, providing a new hole-fertilizing device has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device, a sowing and fertilizing unit and a control method, which are used to solve the defect of poor fertilizer taking performance of a fertilizer wheel during high-speed operation in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device, comprising: a separator, an air guide pipe and a fertilizer discharger, wherein the separator has an overflow pipe, one end of the overflow pipe is located in the separator, the other end of the overflow pipe extends to the outside of the separator and is communicated with the air guide pipe, the separator is communicated with the fertilizer discharger, the separator is used to separate gas and fertilizer, so that the gas enters the overflow pipe and the fertilizer enters the fertilizer discharger; blades and annular grooves are arranged in the fertilizer discharger, the fertilizer discharger is provided with a fertilizer feeding port, the blades are located in the annular grooves, the annular grooves are communicated with the separator and the fertilizer feeding port, the blades can make a rotary motion along the annular grooves, so as to discharge the fertilizer in the annular grooves through the fertilizer feeding port.

[0006] According to a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device provided by the present invention, the separator includes: a cylinder and a first fertilizer inlet pipe, the first fertilizer inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the cylinder and is connected to the cylinder, one end of the overflow pipe is located in the cylinder, and the cylinder is connected to the fertilizer discharger.

[0007] According to a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device provided by the present invention, the cylinder includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the first cylinder is connected to the first end of the second cylinder, the first fertilizer inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the first cylinder, and one end of the overflow pipe extends into the second cylinder; the second end of the second cylinder is connected to the fertilizer discharger, and the cross-sectional size of the second cylinder gradually decreases in the direction in which it extends from the first end to the second end.

[0008] According to a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device provided by the present invention, the fertilizer discharger comprises: a shell, a second fertilizer inlet pipe, a fertilizer discharge plate and a rotating shaft, the second fertilizer inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the shell and communicated with the annular groove, and the second fertilizer inlet pipe is communicated with the separator; the shell is provided with the fertilizer feeding port, the annular groove is provided in the shell, the fertilizer discharge plate is arranged in the shell, the fertilizer discharge plate is connected to the blades, and the rotating shaft passes through the shell and is connected to the fertilizer discharge plate.

[0009] According to a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device provided by the present invention, the shell includes a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell are covered to form the shell, an annular plate is provided in the second shell, and the annular groove is formed between the annular plate and the second shell.

[0010] According to a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device provided by the present invention, the annular plate forms a bent portion at the connection between the second fertilizer inlet pipe and the shell.

[0011] A rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device provided by the present invention also includes a driver, and the driver is connected to the blades.

[0012] A rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device provided by the present invention also includes a mounting plate and a furrow opener, the fertilizer discharger is connected to the furrow opener, and the separator, the fertilizer discharger and the furrow opener are all connected to the mounting plate.

[0013] The present invention also provides a seeding and fertilizing unit, comprising a vehicle, a seeding unit and a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the seeding unit and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device are both powered by the vehicle.

[0014] The present invention also provides a control method based on the seeding and fertilizing group as described above, comprising: obtaining the speed of the vehicle and the preset seed spacing, and calculating the first rotation speed of the seeding group based on the preset seed spacing; calculating the second rotation speed of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device based on the speed and the preset seed spacing; obtaining pulse information fed back in real time by the seeding group and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device; calculating the seed dropping time and the fertilizer dropping time based on the pulse information; and adjusting the rotation speed of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device based on the difference between the seed dropping time and the fertilizer dropping time so that the seed dropping time is equal to the fertilizer dropping time.

[0015] The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device provided by the present invention, by arranging a separator and a fertilizer discharger, and by coordinating multiple links of pneumatic fertilizer delivery, air-fertilizer separation and rotary fertilizer collection, the fertilizer is always in a flowing state, thereby improving the fluidity of the fertilizer; the rotary centrifugal method is used to apply fertilizer, and the centrifugal force of the rotating motion of the fertilizer ball is used to increase the falling speed of the fertilizer ball; at the same time, the strong fluidity of the fertilizer improves the problem of poor fertilizer filling performance of the fertilizer cavity, and improves the accuracy and stability of high-speed fertilizer collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the separator shown in FIG.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of .

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the fertilizer dispenser is shown in FIG.

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the second shell is shown in FIG.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a simplified diagram of the fertilizer synchronous motion control algorithm model.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the driver speed fine-tuning.

[0024] Figure 8 It is the working flow chart of the sowing and fertilizing unit.

[0025] Reference numerals:

[0026] 1. Separator; 2. Fertilizer discharger; 3. Air guide tube; 4. Ditch opener; 5. Mounting plate; 10. Cylinder; 11. First fertilizer inlet pipe; 12. Overflow pipe; 21. Rotating shaft; 22. First shell; 23. First bearing; 24. Fertilizer plate; 25. Blade; 26. Second bearing; 27. Second shell; 28. Second fertilizer inlet pipe; 29. ​​Annular plate; 100. Rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device; 101. First cylinder; 102. Second cylinder; 200. Seeder group; 271. Annular groove; 272. Fertilizer inlet; 281. Fertilizer inlet; 291. Bend; 2711. Fertilizer filling area; 2712. Fertilizer transportation area; 2713. Fertilizer application area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 8 The invention describes a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device, a sowing and fertilization unit and a control method.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device 100 includes: a separator 1, a fertilizer dispensing device 2 and an air guide pipe 3. The separator 1 has an overflow pipe 12, one end of which is located in the separator 1, and the other end of the overflow pipe 12 extends to the outside of the separator 1 and communicates with the air guide pipe 3. The separator 1 is communicated with the fertilizer dispensing device 2. The separator 1 is used to separate gas fertilizer so that the gas enters the overflow pipe 12 and the fertilizer enters the fertilizer dispensing device 2. The fertilizer dispensing device 2 is provided with a blade 25 and an annular groove 271, and the fertilizer dispensing device 2 is provided with a fertilizer feeding port 272. The blade 25 is located in the annular groove 271, and the annular groove 271 is communicated with the separator 1 and the fertilizer feeding port 272. The blade 25 can make a rotary motion along the annular groove 271 to discharge the fertilizer in the annular groove 271 through the fertilizer feeding port 272.

[0030] Specifically, after the fertilizer enters the separator 1, it moves downward along the inner wall of the separator 1 in a spiral, and the fertilizer is separated from the airflow at the bottom of the separator 1. The airflow spirally rises into the overflow pipe 12 and is discharged through the air guide pipe 3. The fertilizer enters the annular groove 271 of the fertilizer discharger 2, and the driving blade 25 rotates along the annular groove 271. The blade 25 pushes the fertilizer to move along the annular groove 271, and then it is discharged from the fertilizer feeding port 272 of the fertilizer discharger 2.

[0031] In this embodiment, the blade 25 rotates along the annular groove 271, and the fertilizer is in a flowing state, which improves the problem of poor fertilizer filling performance of the fertilizer chamber under high-speed movement of the traditional cavity-disc fertilizer discharger. At the same time, the fertilizer discharger 2 uses centrifugal motion to discharge the fertilizer, thereby increasing the speed at which the fertilizer ball falls.

[0032] The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging a separator and a fertilizer discharger, and by coordinating multiple links of pneumatic fertilizer delivery, air-fertilizer separation and rotary fertilizer collection, the fertilizer is always in a flowing state, thereby improving the fluidity of the fertilizer; the rotary centrifugal method is used to apply fertilizer, and the centrifugal force of the rotating motion of the fertilizer ball increases the falling speed of the fertilizer ball; at the same time, the strong fluidity of the fertilizer improves the problem of poor fertilizer filling performance of the fertilizer cavity, and improves the accuracy and stability of high-speed fertilizer collection.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the separator 1 includes: a cylinder 10 and a first fertilizer inlet pipe 11, the first fertilizer inlet pipe 11 is arranged on one side of the cylinder 10 and is connected to the cylinder 10, one end of the overflow pipe 12 is located in the cylinder 10, and the cylinder 10 is connected to the fertilizer discharger 2.

[0034] Specifically, the first fertilizer inlet pipe 11 is arranged obliquely with the outer wall of the cylinder 10, and the first fertilizer inlet pipe 11 is used to inject fertilizer into the cylinder 10. After the fertilizer enters the cylinder 10, it moves downward along the inner wall of the cylinder 10 in a spiral, and the fertilizer is separated from the airflow at the bottom of the cylinder 10. The airflow spirally rises into the overflow pipe 12 and is discharged through the air guide pipe 3.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder 10 includes a first cylinder 101 and a second cylinder 102, the first cylinder 101 is connected to the first end of the second cylinder 102, the first fertilizer inlet pipe 11 is arranged on one side of the first cylinder 101, one end of the overflow pipe 12 extends into the second cylinder 102, the second end of the second cylinder 102 is connected to the fertilizer discharger 2, and the cross-sectional size of the second cylinder 102 gradually decreases in the direction from the first end to the second end.

[0036] Specifically, in this embodiment, the diameters of the cross sections of the first cylinder 101 are equal, while the diameters of the cross sections of the second cylinder 102 gradually decrease, and the second cylinder 102 is conical. One end of the overflow pipe 12 extends into the second cylinder 102, so that the separated gas can be quickly discharged from the separator 1 through the overflow pipe 12 and the gas guide pipe 3.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer dispensing device 2 includes: a housing, a second fertilizer inlet pipe 28, a fertilizer dispensing plate 24 and a rotating shaft 21. The second fertilizer inlet pipe 28 is arranged on one side of the housing and communicates with the annular groove 271, and the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28 is communicated with the separator 1. The housing is provided with a fertilizer inlet 272, and an annular groove 271 is provided in the housing. The fertilizer dispensing plate 24 is arranged in the housing, and the fertilizer dispensing plate 24 is connected to the blades 25. The rotating shaft 21 passes through the housing and is connected to the fertilizer dispensing plate 24.

[0038] Specifically, an annular groove 271 is provided in the shell, and the annular groove 271 is communicated with the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28, and the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28 is connected to the second cylinder 102. The fertilizer feeding port 272 is communicated with the annular groove 271. The blade 25 is arranged at the edge of the fertilizer discharging plate 24. When the driving shaft 21 rotates, the shaft 21 drives the fertilizer discharging plate 24 to rotate in the shell, and then drives the blade 25 to move along the annular groove 271. The fertilizer enters the annular groove 271 from the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28, and the driving shaft 21 rotates, and the blade 25 performs a rotary motion along the annular groove 271, so that the fertilizer is thrown out of the fertilizer discharging device 2 by centrifugal force.

[0039] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the number of blades 25 can be multiple, and the multiple blades 25 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fertilizer plate 24. Providing multiple blades 25 can meet the fertilization needs of crops with different plant spacings, improve the applicability of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device, and realize multiple uses of one machine.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, the blades 25 and the fertilizer discharge plate 24 are formed in one piece.

[0041] like Figure 4As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the shell includes: a first shell 22 and a second shell 27. The first shell 22 and the second shell 27 are covered to form a shell. An annular plate 29 is provided in the second shell 27, and an annular groove 271 is formed between the annular plate 29 and the second shell 27.

[0042] Furthermore, the fertilizer dispensing device 2 further includes: a first bearing 23 and a second bearing 26. The first bearing 23 is disposed in a mounting groove of the first housing 22, the second bearing 26 is disposed in a mounting groove of the second housing 27, and the rotating shaft 21 is disposed inside the first housing 22, the first bearing 23, the fertilizer dispensing plate 24 and the second bearing 26.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the annular plate 29 forms a bending portion 291 at the connection between the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28 and the shell, and the bending portion 291 is used to avoid the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28.

[0044] Specifically, the connection between the second fertilizer inlet pipe 28 and the second shell 27 forms a fertilizer inlet 281, which is located in the area opposite to the bent portion 291, and the fertilizer inlet 281 is connected to the annular groove 271. The annular area adjacent to the fertilizer inlet 281 forms a fertilizer filling area 2711, the area adjacent to the annular groove 271 and the fertilizer inlet 272 forms a fertilizer application area 2713, and the remaining area of ​​the annular groove 271 forms a fertilizer transportation area 2712. In this embodiment, the fertilizer moves from the fertilizer filling area 2711 to the fertilizer transportation area 2712 under the action of the blades 25, and then moves from the fertilizer transportation area 2712 to the fertilizer application area 2713, and finally discharged from the fertilizer application area 272. The annular groove 271 forms an annular track during the movement of the fertilizer, which can prevent the fertilizer particles from bouncing, so that the fertilizer is concentrated in the fertilizer filling area 2711, and improves the accuracy and uniformity of the hole fertilization amount. When transporting fertilizer, the annular track supports the fertilizer ball, preventing the fertilizer from flowing back due to insufficient centrifugal force during low-speed operation, thereby improving the accuracy of the amount of fertilizer applied to the holes. In the fertilizer transport area 2712, the annular groove 271, the second shell 27 and the blades 25 form a semi-enclosed cavity, which restricts the movement trajectory of the fertilizer ball and improves the accuracy of the fertilizer ball landing.

[0045] The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device also includes a driver. In an embodiment of the present invention, the driver is connected to the rotating shaft 21 to drive the fertilizer plate 24 to rotate, thereby driving the blades 25 to perform a rotary motion along the annular groove 271. Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the driver is an electric motor or a motor.

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device further includes a furrow opener 4 and a mounting plate 5. The fertilizer discharger 2 is connected to the furrow opener 4, and the fertilizer enters the furrow opener 4 from the fertilizer discharger 2. When the furrow opener 4 shovels the soil, the fertilizer falls into the soil. The separator 1, the fertilizer discharger 2 and the furrow opener 4 are all connected to the mounting plate 5 to form a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device 100.

[0047] The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a separator to prevent the airflow from interfering with the movement state of the fertilizer inside the fertilizer distributor, so that the fertilizer is concentrated in the fertilizer filling area, thereby improving the accuracy and uniformity of the hole-fertilizing amount; the rotary fertilization utilizes centrifugal force to accelerate the fertilization, which can improve the aggregation of the fertilizer ball during the falling process and improve the hole-forming property of the fertilizer ball when it falls to the ground.

[0048] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a sowing and fertilizing unit, comprising a vehicle, a sowing unit 200 and a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device 100, wherein the sowing unit 200 and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device 100 are both powered by the vehicle. When the vehicle moves along the field, the sowing unit 200 and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilizing device 100 act synchronously to achieve synchronous sowing and fertilizing.

[0049] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle may be a tractor.

[0050] The sowing and fertilizing unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention realizes synchronous sowing and fertilizing by arranging a seeder and a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device. By arranging the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device, the fertilizer is always in a flowing state through the coordination of pneumatic fertilizer delivery, air-fertilizer separation and rotary fertilizer collection, thereby improving the fluidity of the fertilizer. At the same time, the strong fluidity of the fertilizer improves the problem of poor fertilizer filling performance in the fertilizer chamber and improves the accuracy and stability of high-speed fertilizer collection.

[0051] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the sowing and fertilizing group also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the vehicle, the sowing group 200 and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device 100, and the controller is used to control the movement of the sowing group 200 and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device 100 to achieve synchronous sowing and fertilizing.

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method based on a sowing and fertilizing group, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 01: Obtain the speed of the vehicle and the preset spacing of the seeds, and calculate the first rotation speed of the sowing group 200 based on the preset spacing; Step 02: Calculate the second rotation speed of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device 100 based on the speed and the preset spacing; Step 03: Obtain pulse information fed back in real time by the sowing group 200 and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device 100; Step 04: Calculate the seed dropping time and the fertilizer dropping time based on the pulse information; Step 05: Based on the difference between the seed dropping time and the fertilizer dropping time, adjust the rotation speed of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device 100 to make the seed dropping time equal to the fertilizer dropping time.

[0053] Specifically, if Figure 6 As shown, there is a certain installation gap between the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device 100 and the seeding machine group 200, and the distance between the fertilizer application point and the seed application point is L. During operation, the controller calculates the speed of the vehicle in real time, and calculates the rotation speed of the seeding motor of the seeding machine group 200 according to the preset plant spacing. The rotation speed of the driver of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device 100 is calculated according to the vehicle speed and the preset plant spacing. The multi-turn absolute encoder installed on the seeding motor and the driver feeds back pulse signals in real time. The controller calculates the seeding time and fertilizer application time through the feedback information. The controller fine-tunes the speed of the driver to correct the corresponding deviation of the seed and fertilizer. The fine-tuning schematic diagram is shown as follows. Figure 7 shown.

[0054] Since there is an installation distance between the fertilization unit and the sowing unit, fertilization is performed before sowing during the operation. In order to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between the seed and fertilizer positions, it is necessary to estimate the relative positions of the seed and fertilizer in advance based on the seed and fertilizer information. Two assumptions are made during the calculation process: the sowing unit 200 operates at a uniform speed, and the fertilizer and seeds do not bounce after they fall to the ground. Set the start time to 0, the sowing time of a certain seed is the time interval between the seed entering the soil and the start time, and the fertilizer drop time of a certain hole is the time interval between the fertilizer entering the soil and the start time. The relationship between the fertilizer drop time and the sowing time is:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, v m is the speed, t f is the first fertilizer drop time calculated after the seed drop information is monitored, t s is the seeding time, ΔL is the installation deviation, L is the horizontal distance between the fertilizer point and the seeding point, N s It is the maximum number of plant spacings between the fertilizer application point and the seeding point.

[0057] The seeding (fertilization) time is calculated by the time detected by the multi-turn absolute encoder and the time from when the seeds (fertilizers) are thrown out to when they fall into the seed ditch (fertilizer ditch), that is,

[0058]

[0059] Among them, t m is the time when the last seed was planted, t z is the time from the seeding point to the seed furrow, t f ' is the actual fertilizer application time, t f0 The time of the first fertilizer drop after the sowing is monitored, t k It is the time it takes for fertilizer to travel from the fertilizer application point to the fertilizer ditch.

[0060] The falling time of seeds (fertilizer) is related to the height of seeding (fertilization) and the rotation speed of the seed tray (fertilizer tray), that is,

[0061]

[0062] Among them, h s is the planting height, vs j is the vertical velocity of the seed at the planting point, g is the acceleration due to gravity, n s is the rotation speed of the seed disc, R s is the radius of the circle where the seeding disc hole is located, β is the seeding angle, z s is the number of holes in the seeding disc, hf is the seeding height, vf j is the vertical speed of the fertilizer at the fertilizer application point, n f is the speed of the fertilizer plate, R f is the radius of the fertilizer plate, α is the fertilizer angle, z f is the number of leaves.

[0063] The difference between the theoretical fertilizer delivery time and the actual fertilizer delivery time is

[0064] Δt=t f -t f ′.

[0065] If Δt≠0, there is a deviation in the position of the fertilizer and the rotation speed of the fertilizer plate 24 needs to be fine-tuned to compensate for the position deviation. Since the sowing speed is kept constant and the spacing between plants remains uniform, the rotation speed of the fertilizer plate 24 should return to the value before adjustment after the deviation is corrected. Figure 7 Assuming that the speed adjustment is a uniform speed change process and the adjustment process is completed within the time of one plant spacing, the maximum corrected speed of the fertilizer plate 24 should be

[0066] n f ′=2(v m -n f )+n f =2v m -n f

[0067] Among them, n f' is the maximum speed of the fertilizer plate.

[0068] like Figure 8 As shown, the automatic synchronous control process of speed-dependent hole fertilization and seed fertilizer is as follows:

[0069] Start the tractor, turn on the main power switch of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device 100, turn on the air source, start the vehicle-mounted terminal and controller; adjust the air flow rate to a stable state; start the vehicle-mounted terminal fertilization software interface; turn on the GPS, the seeder motor and the driving device of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device 100, wherein the seeder group motor includes a seed discharge motor and a groove wheel fertilizer discharger motor.

[0070] Preset the amount of fertilizer per mu and plant spacing, and start the fertilizer control program.

[0071] Specifically, the control procedure is as follows:

[0072] The control system is initialized; the preset fertilizer amount per mu and the preset plant spacing are read; the seeds are pre-filled (the positions of the seeding disc holes are initialized so that the seeding disc holes coincide with the seeding points; the positions of the blades 25 are initialized so that the blades 25 coincide with the fertilizer application points).

[0073] The controller reads GPS information in real time; the controller calculates the target speed of the slotted wheel fertilizer motor, driver and seeding motor according to the current speed of the vehicle, the preset fertilizer application amount per mu and the preset plant spacing. The slotted wheel fertilizer motor, driver and seeding motor feed back the current speed information to the controller, which matches the target speed calculated by the controller and quickly makes speed corrections, that is, ensuring that the actual hole fertilizer application amount corresponds to the target hole fertilizer application amount, and improving the accuracy and uniformity of the hole spacing.

[0074] The controller calculates the time from the seeding disc hole to the seeding point based on the pulse information sent by the multi-turn absolute encoder and the current seeding motor speed; the controller calculates the time from the blade 25 to the fertilizer point based on the pulse information sent by the multi-turn absolute encoder and the current driver speed; the controller calculates the maximum corrected speed n of the driver f ', within Δt time, the controller fine-tunes the drive speed to n f ' and adjust back to n f Numerical value, to achieve automatic synchronization between seed and fertilizer.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first rotation speed refers to the rotation speed of the seeding motor in the seeding machine group, and the second rotation speed refers to the rotation speed of the driver in the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device 100.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device, characterized in that: include: A separator, an air guide pipe and a fertilizer discharger, wherein the separator has an overflow pipe, one end of which is located in the separator, and the other end of which extends outside the separator and is communicated with the air guide pipe. The separator is communicated with the fertilizer discharger, and the separator is used to separate gas and fertilizer, so that the gas enters the overflow pipe and the fertilizer enters the fertilizer discharger; The fertilizer dispensing device is provided with blades and an annular groove, and the fertilizer dispensing device is provided with a fertilizer feeding port. The blades are located in the annular groove, and the annular groove is connected with the separator and the fertilizer feeding port. The blades can perform a rotary motion along the annular groove to discharge the fertilizer in the annular groove through the fertilizer feeding port. The fertilizer dispensing device comprises: a shell, a second fertilizer inlet pipe, a fertilizer dispensing plate and a rotating shaft, wherein the second fertilizer inlet pipe is arranged at one side of the shell and communicated with the annular groove, and the second fertilizer inlet pipe is communicated with the separator; the shell is provided with the fertilizer feeding port, the annular groove is arranged in the shell, the fertilizer dispensing plate is arranged in the shell, the blades are arranged on the fertilizer dispensing plate, and the rotating shaft passes through the shell and is connected with the fertilizer dispensing plate; The shell comprises a first shell and a second shell, wherein the first shell and the second shell are covered to form the shell, an annular plate is provided in the second shell, an annular groove is formed between the annular plate and the second shell, and a bending portion is formed at the connection between the second fertilizer inlet pipe and the shell; A fertilizer inlet is formed at the connection between the second fertilizer inlet pipe and the second shell, and the fertilizer inlet is located in the area opposite to the bent portion, and the fertilizer inlet is communicated with the annular groove; an annular area adjacent to the fertilizer inlet forms a fertilizer filling area, an area adjacent to the annular groove and the fertilizer feeding port forms a fertilizer feeding area, and the remaining area of ​​the annular groove forms a fertilizer transportation area.

2. The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The separator comprises: a cylinder and a first fertilizer inlet pipe, wherein the first fertilizer inlet pipe is arranged at one side of the cylinder and communicated with the cylinder, one end of the overflow pipe is located in the cylinder, and the cylinder is communicated with the fertilizer discharger.

3. The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the first cylinder is connected to a first end of the second cylinder, the first fertilizer inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the first cylinder, and one end of the overflow pipe extends into the second cylinder; The second end of the second cylinder is connected to the fertilizer discharger, and the cross-sectional size of the second cylinder gradually decreases along the direction in which the second cylinder extends from the first end to the second end.

4. The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a driver connected to the blade.

5. The rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting plate and a furrow opener, the fertilizer dispenser is communicated with the furrow opener, and the separator, the fertilizer dispenser and the furrow opener are all connected to the mounting plate.

6. A sowing and fertilizing unit, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vehicle, a seeding machine group and a rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seeding machine group and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole-fertilizing device are both powered by the vehicle.

7. A control method based on the sowing and fertilizing unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: Acquire the speed of the vehicle and the preset spacing of seeds, and calculate the first rotation speed of the seeding machine group based on the preset spacing; Calculating a second rotation speed of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device based on the speed and the preset plant spacing; Acquire pulse information fed back in real time by the seeding machine group and the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device; Calculate the seeding time and fertilizer dropping time based on the pulse information; Based on the difference between the seed dropping time and the fertilizer dropping time, the rotation speed of the rotary centrifugal high-speed hole fertilization device is adjusted to make the seed dropping time equal to the fertilizer dropping time.

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