Drive axle and fork truck

Abstract

The utility model relates to a drive axle and forklift truck, relates to forklift truck drive technology field, drive axle includes drive axle bridge body, drive motor, differential, half axle, planetary gear reducer and driving brake, drive motor is located drive axle bridge, differential is located drive axle bridge body, differential's input shaft and drive motor's output shaft transmission connection, half axle one end inserts differential inside and is connected with differential's output shaft transmission, planetary gear reducer is located drive axle bridge body, planetary gear reducer includes sun wheel axle, sun wheel axle with half axle one end transmission connection, driving brake is located between half axle and planetary gear reducer and is fixed on sun wheel axle, under this design, driving brake is located in the end of half axle, and is located between half axle and planetary gear reducer. Even if half axle breaks, can brake the wheel, can improve the security of vehicle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of forklift driving, and particularly relates to a driving axle and a forklift. BACKGROUND

[0002] The driving axle is a kind of transmission system at the end of the transmission system of the forklift, which is used for changing the rotating speed and torque and driving the wheels, and transmitting them to the wheels.

[0003] The service brake is an important component of the driving axle and an important safety component of the forklift. At present, the service brake is matched with the shaft end of the differential of the driving axle. When the service brake is braked, the braking force is transmitted to the wheels through the differential via the half shaft, so as to brake the wheels. If the half shaft is broken in the high-load climbing working condition, the service brake cannot work normally, so that the forklift loses the braking force and there is a certain driving risk. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a driving axle and a forklift. By arranging the service brake at the end of the half shaft, the situation that the forklift cannot be braked in the case of half shaft breakage can be coped with, so as to ensure that the forklift can brake the wheels even in the case of half shaft breakage, and the safety of the forklift is improved.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a driving axle, comprising a driving axle body, a driving motor, a differential, a half shaft, a planetary gear reducer and a service brake. The driving motor is located on the driving axle body, the differential is located in the driving axle body, the input shaft of the differential and the output shaft of the driving motor are in transmission connection, one end of the half shaft is inserted into the differential and in transmission connection with the output shaft of the differential, the planetary gear reducer is located on the driving axle body, the planetary gear reducer comprises a sun shaft, the sun shaft is in transmission connection with one end of the half shaft, and the service brake is located between the half shaft and the planetary gear reducer and fixed on the sun shaft. The service brake is located at the end of the half shaft and between the half shaft and the planetary gear reducer. Even in the case of half shaft breakage, the wheels can be braked, and the safety of the vehicle can be improved.

[0006] In a possible implementation manner, the service brake is fixedly connected with the sun shaft, the service brake comprises a service brake friction plate, the service brake friction plate has a first spline, one end of the sun shaft close to the half shaft has a spline hub, and the first spline is connected with the spline hub. The service brake friction plate is connected with the spline hub on the sun shaft through the first spline, so as to ensure the transmission of the braking force of the service brake between the service brake and the planetary reducer.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, the service brake includes a mounting shaft fixedly connected with the sun shaft, and a service brake friction plate is mounted on the mounting shaft. The service brake is arranged on the sun shaft and located at the end of the half shaft, and the service brake is not affected by the breaking of the half shaft in braking the wheels, and the safety is improved.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the service brake includes a service brake steel sheet, the service brake steel sheet and the service brake friction plate are arranged on the mounting shaft, and the service brake steel sheet and the service brake friction plate are arranged in a spaced manner. The interaction of the service brake steel sheet and the service brake friction plate enables the service brake to brake.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the drive motor includes a motor rotating shaft, the drive axle further includes a first gear assembly and a second gear assembly; the first gear assembly includes a first gear shaft and a first gear, one end of the first gear shaft is connected with the motor rotating shaft, and the first gear shaft is connected with the first gear. The power of the drive motor can be transmitted through the first gear assembly.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the drive axle further includes a second gear assembly, the second gear assembly includes a second gear shaft and a second gear, the first gear is sleeved on the second gear shaft, the second gear shaft is connected with the second gear, and the second gear is connected with the input shaft of the differential. The power of the first gear assembly is transmitted to the half shaft through the second gear assembly. Finally, the power of the drive motor can be transmitted to the half shaft through the first gear assembly, the second gear assembly and the differential in sequence, the three-stage speed reduction function of the drive axle is realized, the needs of different tonnage forklifts can be met, and the additional development cost and maintenance cost are reduced.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner, the first gear shaft has a third gear on the side wall of one end away from the drive motor, the first gear is engaged with the third gear, the second gear shaft has a fourth gear on the side wall of one end away from the drive motor, and the second gear is engaged with the fourth gear. The third gear transmits the power through the first gear, and the fourth gear transmits the power through the second gear.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner, the drive axle body includes a first drive axle body and a second drive axle body, and the first drive axle body and the second drive axle body are fixedly connected. The drive axle body is connected by the first drive axle body and the second drive axle body, the cost is lower, and the coaxiality is better.

[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the sun gear shaft is provided with a second spline at one end close to the half shaft, the half shaft is provided with a third spline at one end close to the sun gear shaft, and the second spline is connected with the third spline. The half shaft is connected with the sun gear shaft through cooperation of the second spline and the third spline, so that power is transmitted from the half shaft to the planetary gear reducer.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, one end of the half shaft inserted into the differential is provided with a fourth spline, and an output shaft of the differential is provided with a half shaft gear, and the fourth spline is connected with the half shaft gear. The half shaft is closely connected with the half shaft gear through connection of the fourth spline and the half shaft gear in the differential, so that power is stably transmitted from the differential to the half shaft.

[0015] In a possible implementation manner, the drive axle further comprises an electronic parking brake, the electronic parking brake is located at one end of the first gear shaft away from the motor rotating shaft, and the electronic parking brake is fixedly connected with the drive axle body. The electronic parking brake is installed on the motor rotating shaft, so that the electronic parking brake can provide effective braking for the vehicle. In addition, the electronic parking brake is fixedly connected with the drive axle body, so that the electronic parking brake can be individually disassembled when the electronic parking brake is aged, worn or faulty, thereby improving the efficiency of maintenance and repair of the entire drive axle and improving the convenience of use.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner, the electronic parking brake comprises a first electronic parking brake spring and a second electronic parking brake spring, the first electronic parking brake spring and the second electronic parking brake spring are located on a side away from the first gear shaft, and the first electronic parking brake spring is located outside the second electronic parking brake spring. The first electronic parking brake spring and the second electronic parking brake spring are used to reduce resonance of the first gear shaft in a high-speed working state, improve stability of the electronic parking brake, and reduce noise.

[0017] In a possible implementation manner, the planetary gear reducer further comprises a planetary gear, the sun gear shaft is provided with a sun gear at one end close to the planetary gear, and the planetary gear is connected with the sun gear. The sun gear shaft transmits power of the half shaft to the planetary gear through the sun gear.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner, the planetary gear reducer further comprises a ring gear and a ring gear stop plate, the planetary gear is connected with the ring gear, and the ring gear stop plate is located at a top of the ring gear. The ring gear stop plate can prevent the ring gear from moving during bearing of load, so as to ensure stability and reliability of the ring gear.

[0019] In a possible implementation manner, the planetary gear reducer further comprises a planet carrier, a bottom of the planet carrier is provided with a groove, the planet carrier and the hub shaft are connected through bolts, and a nut of the bolt is provided with a circular ring. After the bolt and the nut are connected in a matched mode, the bolt and the nut are pressed into the groove to form a pit, thereby preventing the bolt from loosening.

[0020] In a possible implementation manner, the drive axle further comprises a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is used to connect the drive axle and a vehicle frame. The drive axle is fixedly connected with the vehicle frame through the connecting plate and forms an integral whole, thereby providing stable support for the connection between the drive axle and the vehicle frame and ensuring the stability and safety of the drive axle during operation.

[0021] In a possible implementation manner, the drive axle further comprises a hub assembly, the hub assembly comprises a hub shaft, and the hub shaft is connected with the planetary gear reducer. The connection between the hub shaft and the planetary gear reducer can transmit power from the planetary gear reducer to the hub assembly and finally to the vehicle wheel, thereby finally realizing control over the vehicle wheel.

[0022] In a possible implementation manner, the differential comprises a differential bearing, and the differential is fixed to the drive axle body through the differential bearing. The outer ring of the differential bearing is connected with the drive axle body, and the inner ring of the differential bearing is connected with the differential, thereby fixing the differential on the drive axle body and supporting the differential.

[0023] In a second aspect, the application provides a forklift truck, comprising a forklift truck mast and the drive axle according to any one of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the drive axle is fixedly connected with the forklift truck mast. When the forklift truck is in operation, if a dangerous situation of half shaft fracture occurs under the working conditions of climbing a slope or heavy load, the service brake located at the end of the half shaft can still brake the forklift truck and is not limited by the half shaft fracture, thereby ensuring the service safety of the forklift truck. In addition, by adjusting the gear of the drive axle of the forklift truck, different reduction ratios can be covered as much as possible, and different tonnage forklift trucks can be matched, thereby reducing the development cost and maintenance cost of the drive axle. Finally, the drive axle of the forklift truck has both the service brake and the electronic parking brake, the braking effect is stronger, and the service is safer.

[0024] In a possible implementation manner, the drive axle is provided with a mounting piece, and the drive axle is fixedly connected with the forklift truck mast through the mounting piece. The drive axle is fixed on the forklift truck mast through the mounting piece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a front view of the drive axle provided by the embodiments of the application;

[0026] Figure 2is a schematic view of the bottom of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the bottom of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 is a sectional view of A-A in FIG. 1;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the bottom of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the A area in FIG. 1;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the bottom of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the B area in FIG. 1;

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the connection relationship among the drive motor, the differential and the half shaft of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic view of the bottom of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the planetary gear reducer in FIG. 1;

[0032] Figure 8 is a sectional view of the planetary gear reducer provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 is a schematic view of the anti-loosening treatment of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 10 is a schematic view of the bottom of the drive axle provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 is an enlarged view of the electronic parking brake in FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] For the convenience of understanding, the English abbreviations and related technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application will be explained and described below.

[0037] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are merely for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0039] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein merely describes associated objects in a same field, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally means that the associated objects before and after the " / " are in an "or" relationship.

[0040] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein can be interpreted to mean "when" or "while" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting." Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [a stated condition or event] is detected" can be interpreted to mean "upon being determined" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [the stated condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]."

[0041] It should be understood that "first", "second", etc. used in the present application are only for the purpose of distinguishing description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can it be understood as indicating or implying sequence.

[0042] In the description of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0043] "Within the scope of" used in the present application, by default, includes both end values of the range, unless it is specifically indicated that the end value is not included, for example, within the range of 1 to 5, including both 1 and 5.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or abutting connection or integral connection; for those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] The present application provides a drive axle 10, which is a mechanism at the end of the vehicle transmission system for changing the speed and torque and driving the wheels, and transmitting them to the wheels. Referring to Figures 1 to 3 the figure, Figure 1 is a front view schematic diagram of the drive axle 10, Figure 2 is a bottom view schematic diagram of the drive axle 10, Figure 3 isFigure 1 A-A cross-sectional view. The drive axle 10 includes a drive axle housing 110, a drive motor 120, a differential 130, a half shaft 140, a planetary gear reducer 150 and a service brake 160. Among them, the drive motor 120 is located on the drive axle housing 110, and the drive motor 120 is installed on the drive axle 10 through the motor mounting bolt 122. The differential 130 is located inside the drive axle housing 110, which serves as the basic structure of the entire drive axle 10, not only can support and protect the internal drive motor 120, differential 130 and other key components, but also can withstand and disperse various forces and torques generated during vehicle driving. The upper and lower surfaces of the drive axle housing 110 are respectively arranged with the drive axle oil filling port 115 and the drive axle oil drain port 116, wherein the drive axle oil drain port 116 can be selected with a magnet oil drain port or other magnetic oil drain port, so as to achieve the purpose of filtering the iron filings inside the oil.

[0046] Referring to Figure 5 As shown, the output shaft of the drive motor 120 can be connected with the input shaft of the differential 130 through a gear to realize the transmission of the power output by the drive motor 120. Among them, the output shaft of the drive motor 120 is the first output shaft 121, and the input shaft of the differential 130 is the first input shaft 131. The differential 130 is a mechanism that can make the wheels rotate at different speeds. During vehicle driving, the differential 130 can adjust the speed difference of the wheels to ensure that the wheels on both sides make pure rolling motion. When the wheels turn or drive on uneven road surface, the differential 130 can ensure that the wheels on both sides of the vehicle roll at different speeds, adjust the speed difference of the wheels, and ensure the stability and maneuverability of the vehicle.

[0047] In addition, referring to Figure 5As shown, the differential 130 internally includes a half shaft gear 133 connected with the half shaft 140. One end of the half shaft 140 is inserted into the interior of the differential 130 and is in driving connection with an output shaft of the differential 130, which is a second output shaft 132. The end of the half shaft 140 inserted into the interior of the differential 130 is provided with a fourth spline 143, and the output shaft of the differential 130 has the half shaft gear 133, i.e., the second output shaft 132 has the half shaft gear 133. The fourth spline 143 is connected with the half shaft gear 133. Specifically, the half shaft 140 can include a left half shaft 141 and a right half shaft 142, one end of the left half shaft 141 is inserted into the interior of the differential 130, and the end of the left half shaft 141 inserted into the interior of the differential 130 is provided with the fourth spline 143, which is connected with the half shaft gear 133 in the interior of the differential 130, so that the left half shaft 141 can be closely connected with the half shaft gear 133, thereby achieving smooth transmission of power from the differential 130 to the half shaft 140. The spline refers to a multi-toothed part, which can be divided into an internal spline and an external spline. The spline on the inner cylindrical surface is an internal spline, and the spline on the outer cylindrical surface is an external spline. The fourth spline 143 at the end of the left half shaft 141 can be an internal spline. The right half shaft 142 is similar in structure to the left half shaft 141 and has a similar spline design, which can be connected with another differential half shaft gear in the interior of the differential 130. Details are not described herein.

[0048] The planetary gear reducer 150 is located on the drive axle body 110, and the planetary gear reducer 150 is provided with a mounting hole 159. The planetary gear reducer mounting bolt 157 passes through the mounting hole 159 to connect the planetary gear reducer 150 with the drive axle body 110. The planetary gear reducer 150 can further adjust and reduce the rotation speed of the output of the drive motor 120, so that the rotation speed of the wheels is more suitable for road driving. The planetary gear reducer 150 includes a sun gear shaft 151, which is in driving connection with one end of the half shaft 140. The planetary gear reducer 150 is located at both ends of the half shaft. The planetary gear reducer 150 located on the left side of the half shaft 140 is in driving connection (for example, through a spline) with the end of the left half shaft 141 away from the differential 130 through the sun gear shaft 151.

[0049] Referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the service brake 160 is located between the half-shaft 140 and the planetary gear reducer 150, and is fixed on the sun gear shaft 151. On the left side of the half-shaft 140, the service brake 160 is located at the end of the left half-shaft 141 furthest from the differential 130. Furthermore, the service brake 160 includes a service brake friction pad 161, which has a first spline 1611. The end of the sun gear shaft 151 near the left half-shaft 141 has a splined hub 1512. The first spline 1611 connects to the splined hub 1512, thereby allowing the service brake 160 to be fitted onto the sun gear shaft 151. The engagement of the first spline 1611 and the splined hub ensures that the service brake 160 is stably fitted onto the sun gear shaft 151, thus guaranteeing the working stability and efficiency of the service brake. The main function of the service brake 160 is to provide braking force to a moving vehicle to slow it down until it stops, thus ensuring the safety of the vehicle and the driver.

[0050] In this embodiment, the service brake 160 is located at the end of the half-shaft 140 and between the half-shaft 140 and the planetary gear reducer 150. The coordination between the service brake 160 and the half-shaft 140 is crucial in this design. The half-shaft 140, as a key component of the drive axle 10, is responsible for transmitting power from the differential 130 and the planetary gear reducer 150 to the wheels. If the half-shaft breaks, power transmission will be interrupted, and braking of the wheels will be impossible. However, the drive axle 10 provided in this application matches the service brake 160 to the end of the half-shaft 140. In this case, the service brake 160 can still brake the wheels, ensuring effective control of the vehicle even if the half-shaft 140 breaks, thereby reducing the risk of accidents and improving vehicle safety.

[0051] Specifically, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the service brake 160 includes a service brake friction pad 161, a service brake steel sheet 162, a mounting shaft 163, a service brake return spring 164, a service brake piston 165, a first hydraulic chamber 166, a service brake oil inlet 113, and a service brake vent 114. The mounting shaft 163 is fixedly connected to the sun gear shaft 151, and the service brake friction pad 161 is mounted on the mounting shaft 163. The service brake friction pad 161 and the service brake steel sheet 162 are both located on the mounting shaft 163 and are spaced apart. The service brake friction pad 161 can be installed on the inner side of the service brake 160, and the service brake steel sheet 162 can be fixed on the outer side of the service brake 160.

[0052] When the vehicle is in service braking condition, brake fluid enters the first hydraulic chamber 166 from the service brake inlet 113, pushing the service brake piston 165 to... Figure 7The service brake friction plate 161 and the service brake steel plate 162 are pressed, the first spline 1611 of the service brake friction plate 161 is matched with the spline hub 1512 of the sun gear shaft 151, and the service brake friction plate 161 and the service brake steel plate 162 provide braking force to the sun gear shaft 151 after being pressed, and the braking force is transmitted to the wheels through the planetary gear reducer 150 to achieve the braking effect.

[0053] When the service brake is released, the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber 166 is also released, and the service brake return spring 164 between the service brake friction plate 161 and the service brake steel plate 162 pushes the service brake piston 165 to return, and the service brake friction plate 161 and the service brake steel plate 162 are no longer in contact, and the braking force is released.

[0054] Under normal circumstances, when the driver brakes, the brake pedal is pressed, the service brake 160 receives the signal and starts to work, so that the vehicle slows down until it stops.

[0055] However, when the vehicle is climbing or under heavy load, if the half shaft 140 is broken, the power transmission will be interrupted, but the service brake 160 is installed at the end of the half shaft 140 and connected with the planetary gear reducer 150, and the normal work of the service brake 160 does not depend on the half shaft 140. Even if the half shaft 140 is broken, the service brake 160 can receive the brake signal and work normally.

[0056] The drive axle 10 provided by the application can prevent the brake system from failing due to the breakage of the half shaft 140 or other faults to some extent, thereby improving the safety of the vehicle.

[0057] Further, the power transmission process in the drive axle 10 adopts a three-stage reduction scheme, referring to Figures 3 to 6 , Figure 3 is Figure 1 a sectional view, Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of region A in Figure 5 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of region B in Figure 6is a connection relationship diagram between the driving motor 120, the differential 130 and the half shaft 140. The drive axle 10 further comprises a first gear assembly 170, a second gear assembly 180, a hub assembly 200 and an electronic control unit 300, wherein the first gear assembly 170 comprises a first gear shaft 171 and a first gear 173, one end of the first gear shaft 171 is connected to the motor rotating shaft 121a of the driving motor 120; the first gear shaft 171 and the first gear 173 are connected. The second gear assembly 180 comprises a second gear shaft 181 and a second gear 183, the first gear 173 is sleeved on the second gear shaft 181, the second gear shaft 181 and the second gear 183 are connected; the second gear 183 and the input shaft of the differential 130 are connected, that is, the second gear 183 and the first input shaft 131 are connected. The side wall of the first gear shaft 171 away from the driving motor 120 has a third gear 172, the first gear 173 and the third gear 172 are engaged. The side wall of the second gear shaft 181 close to the driving motor 120 has a fourth gear 182, the second gear 183 and the fourth gear 182 are engaged; the hub assembly 200 comprises a hub shaft 210, a hub shaft bearing 220, a hub mounting flange 230 and a hub shaft locking bolt 240. The specific working content of the drive axle 10 is as follows:

[0058] The electronic control unit 300 is located on the drive axle body 110 of the drive axle 10 and can control the operation of the driving motor 120. The driving motor 120 transmits power through the motor rotating shaft 121a, which is equivalent to the output shaft of the driving motor 120. The motor rotating shaft 121a is connected to the first gear shaft 171 through a spline, and the power of the driving motor 120 is transmitted to the first gear shaft 171 through the motor rotating shaft 121a. The first gear shaft 171 is fixed on the drive axle body 110 through the first gear shaft bearing 174. The third gear 172 is engaged with the first gear 173, and the power is transmitted to the first gear 173 through the engagement of the gears. Further, the first gear 173 and the second gear shaft 181 can be connected through interference fit or spline fit, that is, the width of the second gear shaft 181 is greater than the width of the first gear 173, so as to ensure that the second gear shaft 181 can be more stable and always connected with the first gear 173.

[0059] In a possible implementation, the first gear 173 and the second gear shaft 181 are connected through a key, including but not limited to one or more of loose key connection, tight key connection or spline connection and the like. Thus, the power transmission process of transmitting the power of the first gear 173 to the second gear shaft 181 is realized through the connection of the first gear 173 and the second gear shaft 181.

[0060] The second gear shaft 181 is fixed on the drive axle body 110 through a second gear shaft bearing 184. The fourth gear 182 is engaged with the second gear 183, and the power is transmitted to the second gear 183 through the engagement of the gears. At the same time, the second gear 183 is connected with the differential 130 through a second gear connecting bolt 185, and the second gear 183 can transmit the power from the first gear 173 to the differential 130.

[0061] The output end of the differential 130 is connected with the half shaft 140, and the differential 130 is sleeved on the half shaft 140, so that the differential 130 transmits the power received from the second gear to the half shaft 140. The differential 130 further comprises a differential bearing 134, and the differential 130 is fixed on the drive axle body 110 through the differential bearing 134. The drive axle body 110 can comprise a first drive axle body 111 and a second drive axle body 112. Specifically, the first drive axle body 111 and the second drive axle body 112 can be connected through a drive axle body connecting bolt 118. The drive axle body 110 is connected by the first drive axle body 111 and the second drive axle body 112, which is lower in cost and better in coaxiality.

[0062] The differential bearing 134 is located on the first drive axle body 111 and the second drive axle body 112 respectively, and the outer ring of the differential bearing 134 is connected with the first drive axle body 111 and the second drive axle body 112 respectively, and the inner ring of the differential bearing 134 is connected with the differential 130, so as to fix the differential 130 on the drive axle body 110 and support the differential 130.

[0063] Then, the half shaft 140 is connected with the planetary gear reducer 150, and the planetary gear reducer 150 is located at the left and right ends of the half shaft 140 respectively. The half shaft 140 functions to further transmit the power output by the differential 130 to the planetary gear reducer 150. Specifically, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, Figure 7 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged view of the planetary gear reducer 150, Figure 8 is a sectional view of the planetary gear reducer 150. The planetary gear reducer 150 comprises a sun gear shaft 151, a planetary gear 152, a ring gear 153, a ring gear resisting plate 154 and a planet carrier 155.

[0064] The end of the half shaft 140 close to the planetary gear reducer 150 is connected with the sun gear shaft 151 of the planetary gear reducer 150 through a spline, and the end of the sun gear shaft 151 close to the half shaft 140 has a second spline 1513, and the end of the half shaft 140 close to the sun gear shaft 151 has a third spline 144, and the second spline 1513 is connected with the third spline 144.

[0065] The sun gear shaft 151 is fixedly installed through the sun gear shaft bearing 156, which is installed on the planet carrier 155 in one set and on the ring gear stop plate 154 in another set. The sun gear shaft 151 is provided with the sun gear 1511 at one end close to the planetary gear 152, and the planetary gear 152 is gear-connected with the sun gear 1511. The sun gear 1511 is machined at one end of the sun gear shaft 151 close to the planetary gear 152, the outer ring of the sun gear 1511 is engaged with the inner ring of the planetary gear 152, and the power of the sun gear shaft 151 is transmitted to the planetary gear 152; the sun gear shaft 151 is machined with the spline hub 1512 at one end close to the half shaft 140, and the spline hub 1512 can be connected with the axle brake 160.

[0066] The planetary gear 152 is rotatably installed on the planet carrier 155, and the planetary gear bearing 1521 and the pin shaft 600 jointly install the planetary gear 152 on the planet carrier 155, so that the planetary gear 152 can rotate relative to the planet carrier 155, thereby transmitting the power of the planetary gear 152 to the planet carrier 155. The pin shaft 600 can keep the relative position between the planetary gear 152 and the planet carrier 155 stable, and realize the power transmission and rotary motion of the planetary gear 152. The pin shaft 600 is fixed at one end away from the half shaft 140 through the retainer 610, and the retainer 610 can be contracted or expanded to adapt to different diameters of the pin shaft 600, thereby preventing the pin shaft 600 from moving in the axial and radial directions. The end of the pin shaft 600 towards the half shaft 140 is interference-fitted with the planet carrier 155, that is, the size of the end of the pin shaft 600 towards the half shaft 140 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the pin shaft assembly hole on the planet carrier 155, so that the pin shaft 600 can be firmly fixed on the planet carrier 155.

[0067] The outer ring of the planetary gear 152 is engaged with the inner ring of the ring gear 153. The bottom of the ring gear 153 (the opposite direction of the X direction) Figure 8 can be fixedly connected with the planetary gear reducer housing 158 through the ring gear connecting bolt 1531. The side of the ring gear 153 (the opposite direction of the Y direction) Figure 8 can be connected with the planetary gear reducer housing 158 through the ring gear fixing key 1542, which can enable the ring gear 153 to rotate in a fixed manner while preventing the ring gear 153 from moving in the axial direction thereof. The top of the ring gear 153 (the positive direction of the X direction) Figure 8 can be pressed by the ring gear stop plate 154, which is fixed on the drive axle through the ring gear stop plate mounting bolt 1541, and the ring gear stop plate 154 prevents the ring gear 153 from moving or jumping out in the positive direction of the X direction during load bearing. In this way, the ring gear 153 can be completely fixed inside the planetary gear reducer housing 158, and the ring gear 153 is not prone to breaking, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the ring gear 153 and the normal operation of the entire planetary gear reducer 150.

[0068] Further, the planetary gear reducer 150 and the wheel hub assembly 200 are connected, specifically, the planetary carrier 155 of the planetary gear reducer 150 and the wheel hub shaft 210 of the wheel hub assembly 200 are connected, for example, through the wheel hub shaft locking bolt 240. In order to ensure the connection stiffness of both the planetary carrier 155 and the wheel hub shaft 210, the connection between the planetary carrier 155 and the wheel hub shaft 210 needs to be treated with anti-loosening, and the present application adopts the method of destroying the anti-loosening, which is shown in Figure 9 Figure 9 the drawing.It is a schematic diagram of the anti-loosening treatment of the drive axle. A circular ring 251 is processed in the middle of the nut 250 of the wheel hub shaft locking bolt 240, and after the wheel hub shaft locking bolt 240 is pre-tightened, a hydraulic device is used to press it into the recess 700 at the bottom of the planetary carrier 155 to form a pit 700, which has a permanent anti-loosening effect on the wheel hub shaft locking bolt 240. In addition, the planetary gear reducer housing 158 and the wheel hub shaft 210 are sealed by the oil seal 500 to prevent the leakage of lubricating oil in the planetary gear reducer 150, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the planetary gear reducer 150.

[0069] The wheel hub shaft 210 is installed and fixed through the wheel hub shaft bearing 220, one group of which is located on the wheel hub shaft 210 and the other group of which is located on the planetary carrier 155. The power is output through the planetary carrier 155 of the planetary gear reducer 150, and then reaches the wheel hub shaft 210. Further, the wheel hub assembly 200 is connected with the wheel through the wheel mounting flange 230, and the driving force is transmitted to the wheel.

[0070] So far, the power of the drive motor 120 is transmitted to the half shaft 140 through the first gear assembly 170, the second gear assembly 180, and the differential 130 in turn, and the half shaft 140 transmits the power to the wheel hub assembly 200 through the planetary gear reducer 150 installed on both sides thereof and finally to the wheel, realizing the three-stage reduction function of the drive axle 10.

[0071] The drive axle 10 adopts three-stage reduction transmission, and the reduction ratio matching range of the drive axle 10 is large, which can be adjusted in multiple stages within the range of 36-56. The versatility of each material of the drive axle 10 is strong, and by matching different gear ratios, the reduction ratio of the drive axle 10 can be adjusted, thereby as much as possible to meet the needs of different tonnage forklifts for driving force and speed control. In addition, the yield of large-tonnage forklifts is relatively small, and the use of this adjustable three-stage reduction design can reduce the development and maintenance cost of the drive axle as much as possible while ensuring the performance of the forklift. That is, this design scheme can make the versatility of the drive axle 10 stronger, and can adapt to the needs of forklifts of different tonnages, thereby reducing the additional development and maintenance costs caused by the need for different specifications of drive axles for forklifts of different tonnages.

[0072] Further, the drive axle 10 further comprises an electronic parking brake 190, referring to Figure 10 As shown, the electronic parking brake 190 is mounted at the end of the first gear shaft 171, the electronic parking brake 190 is located at the end of the first gear shaft 171 away from the motor rotating shaft 121a, the electronic parking brake 190 is connected with the drive axle body 110, and can be mounted on the first drive axle body 111 through the electronic parking brake connecting bolt 1911 or other fasteners, so that the electronic parking brake 190 can work with the drive axle 10 to provide effective braking for the vehicle. When the electronic parking brake 190 is aging, worn or fails, the electronic parking brake 190 can be disassembled alone, and the electronic parking brake 190 can be repaired or replaced without disassembling the entire drive axle 10, which improves the efficiency of maintenance and repair of the entire drive axle 10 and is convenient to use. It should be noted that the electronic parking brake 190 can be a normally closed electronic parking brake, that is, the parking brake is released when the vehicle is working, and the parking brake is applied when the vehicle is not working.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the electronic parking brake 190 comprises a first electronic parking brake spring 195 and a second electronic parking brake spring 196, the first electronic parking brake spring 195 and the second electronic parking brake spring 196 are located on the side away from the first gear shaft 171, and the first electronic parking brake spring 195 is located outside the second electronic parking brake spring 196.

[0074] When the vehicle is in the parking brake working condition, the first electronic parking brake spring 195 and the second electronic parking brake spring 196 push the electronic parking brake piston 194, the electronic parking brake piston 194 is connected with the electronic parking brake pressure plate 192 through the electronic parking brake pressure plate connecting bolt 1921, the spring elastic force is pressed on the electronic parking brake steel sheet 198 and the electronic parking brake friction plate 199 through the electronic parking brake pressure plate 192, at the same time, the inner spline of the electronic parking brake friction plate 199 is matched with the outer spline of the spline sleeve 175, and the inner spline of the spline sleeve 175 is meshed with the spline at the end of the first gear shaft 171, and the two are fixedly connected. The braking force of the spring pressing the electronic parking brake friction plate 199 is transmitted to the first gear shaft 171 through the spline sleeve 175, the first gear shaft 171 of the drive axle 10 is braked, and then the braking force is transmitted to the wheel through the second gear assembly 180 and the planetary gear reducer 150. The braking force of the first gear shaft 171 transmitted to the wheel needs to be multiplied by the speed reduction ratio, and the braking force required by the first gear shaft 171 is small, which can be provided by the spring.

[0075] When the parking brake is released, the hydraulic oil of the accumulator (not shown in the figure) enters the second hydraulic cavity 1942 through the electronic parking brake oil inlet 191. The second hydraulic cavity 1942 is formed by the electronic parking brake piston 194 and the electronic parking brake stop plate 193, and the sealing element 1941 is used to seal the second hydraulic cavity 1942. The electronic parking brake oil inlet 191 is arranged vertically upward of the drive axle 10, so that the hydraulic oil can flow directly to the electronic parking brake oil inlet 191, reducing the bending and twisting of the hydraulic oil transmission pipeline, making the flow of hydraulic oil more smooth, and facilitating better arrangement of the pipeline. At the same time, the electronic parking brake oil inlet 191 is arranged directly above the drive axle, so that the connection and state of the pipeline can be directly observed, facilitating timely inspection of pipeline problems and reducing the difficulty and cost of maintenance.

[0076] The electronic parking brake stop plate 193 is fixed on the electronic parking brake housing 197 by the electronic parking brake stop plate connecting bolt 1931. After the hydraulic oil enters, it will push the electronic parking brake piston 194 to move towards the compression spring direction, at the same time, the electronic parking brake pressure plate 192 also moves with the electronic parking brake piston 194 to release the compression force of the electronic parking brake steel sheet 198 and the electronic parking brake friction plate 199. After complete release, the electronic parking brake reset spring 1981 located between the electronic parking brake steel sheet 198 and the electronic parking brake friction plate 199 can keep a gap between the electronic parking brake steel sheet 198 and the electronic parking brake friction plate 199, preventing wear and tear between the two, while reducing noise.

[0077] The first gear shaft 171 is a high-speed shaft, and its rotation speed will cause high excitation frequency (i.e. high frequency of external force causing mechanical vibration or dynamic behavior), which is easy to cause resonance of the electronic parking brake 190. Resonance will increase the vibration amplitude, consume more energy, and have an adverse effect on the electronic parking brake 190. The purpose of the double-spring design of the first electronic parking brake spring 195 and the second electronic parking brake spring 196 is to reduce the system vibration caused by the high rotation speed of the first gear shaft 171, thereby reducing the amplitude and frequency of vibration, reducing noise, and improving the stability of the entire electronic parking brake 190. Specifically, the natural frequencies of the first electronic parking brake spring 195 and the second electronic parking brake spring 196 are different. After the excitation frequency caused by the first gear shaft 171 is emitted, the first electronic parking brake spring 195 resonates first, causing the excitation frequency to be amplified by a multiple, and the amplified frequency is higher than the natural frequency of the first electronic parking brake spring 195, and then only the second electronic parking brake spring 196 vibrates to produce smaller noise. In this way, the double-spring mechanism reduces the resonance problem of the first gear shaft 171 in the high-speed working state, improves the stability of the electronic parking brake 190, and reduces noise.

[0078] The application also provides a forklift, which comprises a forklift mast (not shown in the figure), a frame (not shown in the figure) and the drive axle 10 provided in any of the above embodiments. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the drive axle 10 further comprises a mounting member 117 and a connecting plate 400, the mounting member 117 is used to be fixedly mounted on the forklift mast, for example, the mounting member 117 can be connected to the corresponding assembly hole on the forklift mast through bolts or pins, so as to effectively connect the drive axle to the forklift mast and transmit the force and torque generated when the forklift runs. The connecting plate 400 is used to connect the drive axle 10 and the frame, the connecting plate 400 is composed of two groups of upper and lower connecting plates, the service brake inlet 113 and the service brake exhaust 114 are located on the inner side of the connecting plate 400, which is convenient for installing pipelines. The drive axle 10 is fixedly connected with the frame through the connecting plate 400 and forms an integral whole, which jointly bears the weight of the forklift and the impact force when the forklift runs. The connecting plate can provide stable support for the connection between the drive axle 10 and the frame, and ensure the stability and safety of the forklift when it runs. Assembling the drive axle 10 provided in the embodiments of the application on the forklift can not only cope with the dangerous situation that the half shaft is broken and the forklift cannot be braked under the conditions of climbing or heavy load, but also can cover as many different reduction ratios as possible to match forklifts of different tonnages, and reduce the development cost and maintenance cost of the drive axle. In addition, the drive axle 10 has the service brake 160 and the electronic parking brake 190, and has stronger braking effect and safer running.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application, but not to limit them; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, and should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A drive axle, characterized in that The drive axle comprises a drive axle body, a drive motor, a differential, a half shaft, a planetary gear reducer, a service brake, a drive motor, a first gear assembly and a second gear assembly. The drive motor is located on the drive axle. The differential is located in the drive axle body, and the input shaft of the differential and the output shaft of the drive motor are drivingly connected. One end of the half shaft is inserted into the differential and drivingly connected with the output shaft of the differential. The planetary gear reducer is located on the drive axle body, and the planetary gear reducer comprises a sun shaft, and the sun shaft is drivingly connected with one end of the half shaft. The service brake is located between the half shaft and the planetary gear reducer, and is sleeved on the sun shaft, and the service brake is fixedly connected with the sun shaft. The service brake comprises a service brake friction plate, and the service brake friction plate has a first spline.

2. The drive axle of claim 1, wherein, The sun shaft has a spline hub near one end of the half shaft, and the first spline is connected with the spline hub.

3. The drive axle of claim 2, wherein, The service brake comprises a mounting shaft, and the mounting shaft is fixedly connected with the sun shaft.

4. Drive axle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The service brake comprises a service brake steel sheet, and the service brake steel sheet and the service brake friction plate are located on the mounting shaft.

5. The drive axle of claim 4, wherein, The service brake steel sheet and the service brake friction plate are arranged in a spaced manner.

6. The drive axle of claim 5, wherein, The drive motor comprises a motor rotating shaft, and the drive axle further comprises a first gear assembly and a second gear assembly.

7. Drive axle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The first gear assembly comprises a first gear shaft and a first gear, and one end of the first gear shaft is connected with the motor rotating shaft.

8. The drive axle of claim 7, wherein, The first gear shaft and the first gear are connected.

9. Drive axle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The drive axle further comprises a second gear assembly, and the second gear assembly comprises a second gear shaft and a second gear.

10. The drive axle of claim 4, wherein, The first gear is sleeved on the second gear shaft, and the second gear shaft and the second gear are connected.

11. The drive axle of claim 10, wherein, The second gear is connected with the input shaft of the differential. One end of the first gear shaft away from the drive motor has a third gear, and the first gear and the third gear are engaged. One end of the second gear shaft away from the drive motor has a fourth gear, and the second gear and the fourth gear are engaged. The drive axle body comprises a first drive axle body and a second drive axle body, and the first drive axle body and the second drive axle body are fixedly connected. One end of the sun shaft near the half shaft has a second spline, and one end of the half shaft near the sun shaft has a third spline. The second spline is connected with the third spline. One end of the half shaft inserted into the differential has a fourth spline, and the output shaft of the differential has a half shaft gear. The fourth spline is connected with the half shaft gear. The drive axle further comprises an electronic parking brake, and the electronic parking brake is located at one end of the first gear shaft away from the motor rotating shaft. The electronic parking brake is connected with the drive axle body. The electronic parking brake comprises a first electronic parking brake spring and a second electronic parking brake spring. The first electronic parking brake spring and the second electronic parking brake spring are located on the side away from the first gear shaft. The first electronic parking brake spring is located on the outside of the second electronic parking brake spring.

12. Drive axle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The planetary gear reducer further comprises a planetary gear, and a sun gear is arranged at one end of the planetary gear close to the sun gear shaft.

13. The drive axle of claim 12, wherein, The planetary gear reducer further comprises a ring gear and a ring gear stop plate, the planetary gear is in gear connection with the ring gear, and the ring gear stop plate is arranged at the top of the ring gear.

14. The drive axle of claim 13, wherein, The drive axle further comprises a hub assembly, the hub assembly comprises a hub shaft, the hub shaft is connected with the planetary gear reducer, the planetary gear reducer further comprises a planet carrier, the planet carrier is provided with a groove at the bottom, the planet carrier is connected with the hub shaft through bolts, the nuts of the bolts are provided with a circular ring, and the bolts and the nuts are connected in a matched mode, and then the bolts and the nuts are pressed into the groove.

15. Drive axle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The drive axle further comprises a connecting plate, which is used for connecting the drive axle and a vehicle frame.

16. Drive axle according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that The differential comprises a differential bearing, and the differential is fixed to the drive axle body through the differential bearing.

17. A fork lift truck characterised by The drive axle is fixedly connected with a forklift mast.

18. The fork truck of claim 17, wherein, The drive axle is fixedly connected with the forklift mast through the mounting member.

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