A large-scale simulation test device for tunnel surrounding rock rock collapse

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device, comprising: box: top open setting, open through opening and closing drive mechanism connection first top mobile platform and second top mobile platform to realize open opening and closing state switching, the side box wall inner surface of box and the bottom surface of first mobile platform and second mobile platform are provided with loading component;Printing mechanism: including multiple mechanical arms located above the box, the end of mechanical arm is connected with print head, and mechanical arm is connected with three-axis linkage mechanism.Opening and supporting mechanism: it is set in the box interior, by multiple excavation support components being set along the longitudinal direction of tunnel, telescopic drive element is arranged between adjacent excavation support components to simulate excavation support process, the test device of the present application realizes large-scale surrounding rock boulder collapse simulation test.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering test equipment, in particular to a tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The statements herein are provided only to enhance understanding of the present application and are not necessarily intended to constitute the prior art.

[0003] Tunnel surrounding rock collapse disaster occurs most frequently among all types of geological disasters, accounting for about 37% of the accident proportion, and its disaster mechanism is complex and difficult to prevent and control. Therefore, it is an urgent need for tunnel engineering safety construction to carry out research on the disaster mechanism and prediction and early warning technology of tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse, and to realize effective and active prevention and control of disasters.

[0004] Chinese patent "Tunnel dangerous rock collapse indoor large-scale comprehensive simulation test platform and method" (CN201711350400.5) discloses a tunnel dangerous rock collapse indoor large-scale comprehensive simulation test platform and method, and Chinese patent "Underground engineering surrounding rock dangerous rock collapse simulation platform, simulation system and method" (CN202010191258.X) discloses an underground engineering surrounding rock dangerous rock collapse simulation platform, simulation system and method. However, the inventor finds that the above patent applications still have the following common key problems in the physical simulation test of tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse:

[0005] (1) The existing test instruments are difficult to meet the needs of large-scale simulation. The existing test instruments all use smaller scales and model sizes, which are difficult to truly restore the boulder collapse disaster process of the tunnel site.

[0006] (2) The existing test instruments are difficult to realize automatic construction of the model body.

[0007] (3) The existing test instruments are difficult to simultaneously simulate the simulation of high and low stress environments on tunnel surrounding rock collapse. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device to solve the problems existing in the prior art tunnel surrounding rock collapse test equipment.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0010] The embodiment of the present application provides a tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse large-scale simulation test device, which comprises:

[0011] The box body is provided with an open top, and the open top is connected with the first moving table and the second moving table through an opening and closing driving mechanism to realize switching between the open and closed states of the open top, and the inner surface of the side wall of the box body and the bottom surface of the first moving table and the second moving table are provided with loading components.

[0012] The printing mechanism comprises a plurality of mechanical arms arranged above the box body, and the ends of the mechanical arms are connected with printing heads, and the mechanical arms are connected with the three-axis linkage mechanism.

[0013] The excavation support mechanism is arranged in the box body and comprises a plurality of excavation support assemblies arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the adjacent excavation support assemblies are provided with telescopic driving members to simulate the excavation support process.

[0014] Optionally, the top opening and closing driving mechanism adopts a bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanism installed on the top of the box body, the bidirectional screw rod of the bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanism is connected with the first moving table and the second moving table, and the first moving table and the second moving table are slidingly connected with the top surface of the box body.

[0015] Optionally, the three-axis linkage mechanism comprises an external frame body, the top end of the external frame body is provided with a first horizontal moving mechanism, the first horizontal moving mechanism is connected with a second horizontal moving mechanism to drive the second horizontal moving mechanism to move along a first horizontal direction, the second horizontal moving mechanism is connected with a vertical moving mechanism to drive the vertical moving mechanism to move along a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, and the vertical moving mechanism is connected with the mechanical arm to drive the mechanical arm to move up and down.

[0016] Optionally, the end of the mechanical arm is provided with a plurality of printing heads to print rock bodies and fissures with different materials.

[0017] Optionally, the top of the box body is provided with an observation platform, and a pedestrian staircase is further arranged, one end of the pedestrian staircase extends to the ground, and the other end extends to the observation platform.

[0018] Optionally, one side of the box body is provided with a side wall through which the excavation support mechanism passes, and the other side of the side wall is provided with a window, and tempered glass is installed at the window.

[0019] Optionally, the loading components on the bottom surface of the first moving table and the second moving table adopt hydraulic bags, the inner side surface of the box body has a high stress area and a low stress area, the loading components in the high stress area adopt a hydraulic bag fixed to the side wall of the box body and a plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic bag is arranged in a first area of the high stress area, and the plurality of loading hydraulic cylinders are distributed in a second area of the high stress area, and the loading components in the low stress area adopt a hydraulic bag fixed to the side wall of the box body.

[0020] Optionally, a monitoring element is further arranged, and the monitoring element is arranged to be embedded in the model rock mass printed by the printing head.

[0021] Further, the monitoring element includes a multi-axis gyroscope, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a microseismic sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration frequency sensor for embedding inside the model rock mass.

[0022] Optionally, the excavation support assembly comprises a truss, the inner side of the truss is provided with a hydraulic cylinder perpendicular to the profile surface thereof, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the inner side of the truss, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support plate after penetrating through the truss.

[0023] Optionally, the excavation support mechanism is further provided with a transparent protective cover, the transparent protective cover is arranged along the contour line of the excavation support mechanism, the bottom end of the transparent protective cover is provided with a walking mechanism, and the walking mechanism can drive the transparent protective cover to walk along the longitudinal direction of the excavation support mechanism.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0025] 1. The test device of the present application, the top of the box is open, and the first and second movable platforms capable of closing and opening are arranged, a plurality of mechanical arms connected with the three-axis linkage mechanism are arranged above the box, a print head is connected to the tail end of the mechanical arm, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm can work cooperatively to drive the print head to move, and the rock mass model in the box is subjected to 3D printing, thereby realizing automatic construction of the model body, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm can drive the print head to move in a larger range, thereby realizing large-scale rock mass model in-situ rapid printing, and the whole test device meets the demand of large-scale simulation and can more truly restore the boulder collapse disaster process of the tunnel site.

[0026] 2. The test device of the present application, the inner side of the box has a high stress area and a low stress area, the high stress area is loaded by a hydraulic bag and a loading hydraulic cylinder in combination, and the low stress area is loaded by a hydraulic bag, thereby being capable of simultaneously simulating the simulation of high stress and low stress on the tunnel surrounding rock collapse.

[0027] 3. The test device of the present application, the monitoring element adopts a multi-axis gyroscope, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a microseismic sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration frequency sensor, monitors physical quantities represented by strain, temperature, energy, vibration frequency, acoustic emission and the like, and realizes accurate perception of information such as deep block group inclination posture, deformation displacement data and load transmission distribution by optimizing high-precision multi-axis gyroscope, sensor layout mode and time standard high-precision unification, thereby improving the coincidence degree of physical simulation data and actual situation.

[0028] 4. The test device of the present application, the excavation support mechanism comprises a plurality of excavation support assemblies, a telescopic driving element is arranged between adjacent excavation support assemblies, and each of the excavation support assemblies can move independently, thereby realizing quantitative simulation of the excavation process.

[0029] 5. The test device of the present application is provided with a transparent protective cover which can be moved inside the excavation support mechanism by a walking mechanism and automatically moved to the position below the exposed surrounding rock after the excavation is completed, so as to avoid the collapse of boulders to cause personal injury to the test personnel and damage to the test equipment, and ensure that the deformation and collapse process of the excavated surrounding rock section can be clearly observed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application serve to provide a further understanding of the present application, and the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the box structure of embodiment 1 of the present application Figure One ;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the box structure of embodiment 1 of the present application Figure Two ;

[0034] Among them, 1. box, 2. steel structure frame, 3. first moving table, 4. second moving table, 5. bidirectional screw transmission mechanism, 6. mechanical arm, 7. second horizontal moving mechanism, 8. ladder, 9. guide rail, 10. vertical moving mechanism, 11. control system, 12. low stress zone, 13. observation platform, 14. pedestrian ladder, 15. truss, 16. high stress zone, 17. support plate, 18. pulling hydraulic cylinder, 19. guide rod, 20. guide sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] The present embodiment provides a large-scale simulation test device for tunnel surrounding rock boulder collapse, as shown in the figure, which comprises a box 1, a printing mechanism, an excavation support mechanism, a three-axis linkage mechanism, a mechanical arm and the like. Figures 1-3

[0037] The box 1 adopts a cuboid structure, and the top is open. Preferably, the external dimensions of the box are 20m in length, 10m in width and 8m in height, the length direction of the box is defined as the first horizontal direction, and the width direction of the box is defined as the second horizontal direction.

[0038] The box 1 comprises a bottom box wall and a side box wall arranged at the edge of the bottom box wall, and the outer side of the side box wall is provided with a steel structure frame 2 to increase the structural strength thereof.

[0039] ​In the embodiment, two side walls along the length direction of the box body 1 are defined as first side walls, and the other two side walls along the width direction of the box body are respectively defined as second side walls and third side walls.

[0040] The top of the box body is provided with a first moving platform 3 and a second moving platform 4, which are connected with an opening and closing driving mechanism installed on the box body 1. The opening and closing driving mechanism can drive the first moving platform 3 and the second moving platform 4 to move synchronously towards or away from each other. When the first moving platform 3 and the second moving platform 4 move towards each other, the top opening of the box body 1 can be gradually blocked. When the first moving platform 3 and the second moving platform 4 move away from each other, the top opening of the box body 1 can be gradually opened.

[0041] In the embodiment, the top of the box body 1 is provided with an opening and closing driving mechanism on both sides along the width direction. Preferably, the opening and closing driving mechanism adopts a bidirectional screw rod transmission mechanism 5, which includes an opening and closing driving motor fixed on a motor base. The output shaft of the opening and closing driving motor is connected with one end of the bidirectional screw rod, and the other end of the bidirectional screw rod is rotatably connected with a bearing seat fixed on a support. The support is fixedly connected with the top of the box body. The bidirectional screw rod has two parts with opposite screw directions. One part is threadedly connected with the first moving platform 3, and the other part is threadedly connected with the second moving platform 4. The bottom surfaces of the first moving platform 3 and the second moving platform 4 at both ends along the width direction are slidably connected with the top surface of the box body.

[0042] The opening and closing driving motor can drive the bidirectional screw rod to rotate, thereby driving the first moving platform 3 and the second moving platform 4 to move synchronously towards or away from each other.

[0043] The printing mechanism includes a three-axis linkage mechanism, a mechanical arm 6, and a print head.

[0044] A plurality of mechanical arms 6 are arranged above the box body 1. Preferably, the mechanical arms 6 adopt six-degree-of-freedom mechanical arms. The ends of the mechanical arms 6 are connected with print heads. The print heads can inject model materials into the box body 1, thereby realizing 3D printing of rock models.

[0045] The mechanical arms 6 are connected with a three-axis linkage mechanism. The three-axis linkage mechanism can drive the mechanical arms 6 to move along a first horizontal direction, a second horizontal direction, and a vertical direction.

[0046] Specifically, the three-axis linkage mechanism includes an external frame body. The external frame body includes a plurality of upright columns arranged on both sides of the box body. A cross beam is arranged above the box body between the top portions of the plurality of upright columns on the same side.

[0047] The first horizontal moving mechanism is arranged on the cross beam and is connected with the second horizontal moving mechanism 7 between the two cross beams, capable of driving the second horizontal moving mechanism 7 to move along the first horizontal direction, the second horizontal moving mechanism 7 is connected with the vertical moving mechanism 10, capable of driving the vertical moving mechanism 10 to move along the second horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, the vertical moving mechanism 10 is connected with the mechanical arm 6, capable of driving the mechanical arm 6 to move vertically.

[0048] Preferably, the first horizontal moving mechanism adopts a lead screw transmission mechanism driven by a motor, the lead screw block of the lead screw transmission mechanism is matched with the guide rail 9 arranged along the first horizontal direction, capable of moving along the guide rail, the guide rail 9 is fixed on the guide rail seat, and the guide rail seat is fixed on the cross beam.

[0049] Alternatively, the first horizontal moving mechanism adopts a walking vehicle fixed at the end of the second horizontal moving mechanism 7, the walking vehicle is matched with the guide rail 9 on the cross beam, and the walking vehicle can be arranged by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the specific structure is not described in detail here. The walking vehicle can adopt an existing electric vehicle, for example, a bottom walking electric vehicle for a gantry crane, and the specific structure is not described in detail here.

[0050] The second horizontal driving mechanism 7 adopts a gear and rack meshing transmission mechanism or a lead screw transmission mechanism, preferably, a gear and rack meshing transmission mechanism, including a support beam arranged between the two cross beams and perpendicular to the cross beam, the vertical moving mechanism 10 is installed on the moving plate, the moving plate is in sliding connection with the support beam, the moving plate is provided with a horizontal driving motor, the output shaft of the horizontal driving motor is connected with a gear, the gear is in meshing connection with a rack, the rack is arranged along the second horizontal direction and fixed on the support beam, and the horizontal driving motor can drive the gear to rotate, under the meshing action of the gear and the rack, the vertical moving mechanism 10 is driven to move along the second horizontal direction.

[0051] The vertical moving mechanism 10 adopts a lead screw elevator or a one-way multi-stage telescopic mechanism capable of outputting vertical lifting motion, which can be arranged by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the load of the vertical moving mechanism 10 is not less than 200 kg.

[0052] In this embodiment, the motors of the first horizontal driving mechanism, the second horizontal driving mechanism and the lifting mechanism all adopt AC servo motors controlled by the control system 11, which has perfect and reliable interlocking, safety protection, fault self-diagnosis alarm and other functions, and is provided with a standard communication interface.

[0053] In use, the printing path of the printing head of each mechanical arm is set by the industrial robot programming in the control system 11, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm cooperate to drive the printing head to work, and the rock block model is 3D printed in the box.

[0054] In this embodiment, the end of the mechanical arm 6 is provided with a plurality of print heads to print different materials, preferably, the end of the mechanical arm is provided with two print heads, one of which is used for printing the rock block, and the other is used for printing the fracture structure.

[0055] In this embodiment, the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm 6 can work together to drive the print head to move, and the rock block model in the box 1 is 3D printed. The three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm 6 can drive the print head to move in a larger range, thereby realizing large-scale rock mass model in-situ rapid printing, so that the whole test device meets the demand of large-scale simulation.

[0056] The inner side of the side wall of the box 1 and the bottom surface of the first moving table 3 and the second moving table 4 are provided with loading components.

[0057] In this embodiment, the loading components on the bottom surface of the first moving table 3 and the second moving table 4 are hydraulic bags.

[0058] The inner side of the box is provided with a low stress area 12 and a high stress area 16, specifically:

[0059] The two first side walls in the length direction are divided into a low stress area 12 and a high stress area 16, and the low stress area 12 is located in the front half of the first side wall, wherein the inner side of the low stress area 12 is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component, and the loading component of the high stress area 16 adopts a composite loading form of hydraulic bag + multiple loading hydraulic cylinders, wherein the upper half of the high stress area 16 is set as a second area and is provided with multiple loading hydraulic cylinders as loading components, and the lower half is set as a first area and is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component.

[0060] The inner side of the second side wall is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component, and the inner side of the third side wall is a high stress area, and the loading component thereof adopts a composite loading form of hydraulic bag + multiple loading hydraulic cylinders, and the upper half thereof is provided with multiple loading hydraulic cylinders as loading components, and the lower half thereof is provided with a hydraulic bag as a loading component.

[0061] In this embodiment, the hydraulic bag can expand after being filled with water to exert a load on the rock block model. The maximum ground stress that can be generated is not greater than 1MPa, and the maximum displacement that can be generated is not greater than 100mm. The rock block model in the high stress area is loaded by the loading hydraulic cylinder, and the maximum loading is 6MPa.

[0062] By adopting the scheme of this embodiment, high and low stress and low stress environments can be simulated simultaneously to simulate the collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0063] The top of the four side walls of the box 1 is provided with an observation platform 13, through which the test personnel can observe the 3D printing of the rock block model and the surrounding rock collapse during the test.

[0064] The outer edge of the observation platform 13 is provided with a guardrail to ensure the safety of the test personnel.

[0065] In order to facilitate the test personnel to enter the observation platform 13, one side of the box is also provided with a pedestrian staircase 14, the bottom end of the pedestrian staircase 14 extends to the ground, and the top end of the pedestrian staircase 14 extends to the observation platform 13, so that the test personnel can enter the observation platform 13 through the pedestrian staircase 14.

[0066] The box is also provided with an excavation and support mechanism for simulating the excavation and support process of the tunnel.

[0067] The excavation and support mechanism includes a plurality of excavation and support assemblies arranged in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0068] The excavation and support assembly includes a truss 15 matched with the cross section of the tunnel, the inner surface of the truss 15 is provided with a plurality of hydraulic cylinders at the corresponding positions of the tunnel side wall and the vault, the axis of the hydraulic cylinder is perpendicular to the profile surface at the position of the truss 15 where the hydraulic cylinder is located, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a support plate 17 after penetrating through the truss, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder can support the rock block model through the support plate 17, and the support plate 17 is provided with corresponding anchor holes for penetrating through anchor rods.

[0069] A telescopic drive is arranged between adjacent trusses, which can drive adjacent trusses to move closer or farther away from each other, thereby simulating quantitative excavation.

[0070] The telescopic drive is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and in adjacent trusses 15, the cylinder body of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with one of the trusses 15, and the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the other truss 15.

[0071] In this embodiment, an opening matched with the cross-sectional contour line of the excavation and support structure is arranged on the second side wall of the box 1, and a pulling assembly is installed at the opening, which is used for guiding the movement of the truss. The guiding assembly includes a plurality of pulling hydraulic cylinders 18, the cylinder body of the pulling hydraulic cylinder 18 is fixedly connected with the outermost truss 15, and the piston rod thereof is fixedly connected with the second side wall, and the second side wall is also provided with a guide rod 19 which penetrates through and is slidingly connected with a guide sleeve 20 of the outermost truss, for guiding the movement of the truss. When it is necessary to move a plurality of trusses 15 at the same time, the pulling oil cylinder can assist the movement of the truss, avoiding the situation that the truss cannot be moved at the same time only by using the telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

[0072] A window is arranged on the third side wall of the box 1, and tempered glass is arranged on the window.

[0073] In the embodiment, the telescopic driving members are arranged between the adjacent two trusses, so that the trusses can be translated as required, each truss can be independently moved to realize quantitative simulation of the excavation process, and quantitative excavation simulation is realized.

[0074] The transparent protective cover is arranged along the inner contour line of the excavation support structure, and is used for preventing personal injury and damage of test instruments caused by collapse of the boulder, and ensuring that the deformation and collapse process of the excavated surrounding rock section is clearly visible.

[0075] The two ends of the transparent protective cover are connected with the electric walking vehicle, wherein the walking wheels on the side close to the second side wall of the electric walking vehicle are brake wheels. The electric walking vehicle can drive the transparent protective cover to move in the longitudinal direction of the excavation support structure.

[0076] The test device further comprises monitoring elements, the monitoring elements are multi-axis gyroscopes, fiber bragg grating strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors, acoustic emission sensors and vibration frequency sensors which are used to be embedded in the rock mass model, and the multi-axis gyroscopes, strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors, acoustic emission sensors and vibration frequency sensors are connected with the control system and can transmit the collected information to the control system.

[0077] The monitoring elements are multi-axis gyroscopes, strain sensors, displacement sensors, microseismic sensors, temperature sensors and vibration frequency sensors, which monitor physical quantities represented by strain, temperature, energy, vibration frequency and acoustic emission, can realize accurate perception of information such as inclination posture of deep block group, deformation displacement data and load transmission distribution by optimizing high-precision multi-axis gyroscopes, sensor layout mode and high-precision unified time standard, and improve the conformity of physical simulation data and actual situation.

[0078] The working method of the tunnel surrounding rock collapse large-scale simulation test device in the embodiment is as follows:

[0079] The opening and closing driving mechanism drives the first moving table 3 and the second moving table 4 to open the top of the box 1, and a cushion layer is laid at the bottom of the box, the cushion layer can be a sand cushion layer, and the height of the cushion layer is laid to the bottom of the opening of the third side wall.

[0080] The existing hydraulic pushing device is used to push the multiple trusses 15 into the box body 1 one by one, the trusses are supported by the cushion layer, and the truss pushed in first is attached to the third side box wall of the box body 1. Then, the outermost truss is assembled, and the pulling hydraulic cylinder and the guide rod are pulled, the piston rod of the pulling hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the second side box wall by bolts, and the guide rod is fixed to the second side box wall by bolts after passing through the guide sleeve.

[0081] The hydraulic oil cylinder is operated to extend the support plate 17.

[0082] The control system controls the three-axis linkage mechanism and the mechanical arm to work cooperatively to drive the print head to move along the planned trajectory to print the rock model, and then the corresponding monitoring element is buried in the rock model printed to the set height, and then the 3D printing is continued, and the excavation support structure formed by the multiple trusses 15 is buried in the rock model formed by the 3D printing.

[0083] After the rock model is printed, a hole is drilled in the top surface of the rock model, and an electric spark source is placed in the hole. The parameters such as the blasting vibration intensity and the vibration frequency can be measured on the basis of the engineering site, the blasting vibration dynamic similarity criterion is established, the main parameters such as the vibration intensity and the frequency of the electric spark source are adjusted, the similar simulation of the blasting disturbance of the tunnel rock collapse simulation test is realized, and then the first moving table and the second moving table are closed.

[0084] Water is injected into the liquid bag, and the loading hydraulic cylinder is started to load the confining pressure of the rock model, and the pressure is kept stable when the stress of the rock model reaches the target stress, and then the next operation is performed after the multi-physical information field is stable.

[0085] According to the actual needs, the trusses of the excavation part and the trusses of the non-excavation part are determined.

[0086] The transparent protective cover is moved to the junction position of the trusses of the excavation part and the trusses of the non-excavation part to prevent the collapse of the surrounding rock from causing harm to the test personnel.

[0087] The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the excavation part is retracted, so that the support plate 17 is separated from the rock model, and then the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder of the non-excavation part truss 15 at the junction position is extended, the truss 15 of the excavation part moves towards the second side box wall by a set distance, simulating the excavation process, and after the movement is completed, the hydraulic cylinder of the truss of the excavation part is extended again, the support plate 17 is in contact with the rock model, and then the anchor rod of the excavation part truss is constructed to simulate the supporting process. The transparent cover is located below the exposed rock model part to avoid damage to the test personnel and test equipment caused by the collapse of the rock, and to ensure that the deformation and collapse process of the excavated surrounding rock section is clear and visible.

[0088] During the excavation process, the data collected by the monitoring element is collected in real time.

[0089] The test device of the embodiment solves the problem that the stone collapse test is not easy to carry out on the spot of the tunnel, and can realize accurate monitoring of full-space information parameters of the tunnel environment.

[0090] The above merely provides preferred embodiments of the present application but is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A large-scale simulation test device for tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse, characterized in that, include: Box body: The top is open, and the opening is connected to the first and second moving platforms through an opening and closing drive mechanism to switch between open and closed states. Loading components are provided on the inner surface of the side walls of the box body and the bottom surfaces of the first and second moving platforms. Printing mechanism: includes multiple robotic arms located above the housing, with print heads connected to the ends of the robotic arms, and the robotic arms are connected to a three-axis linkage mechanism; Excavation support mechanism: It is set inside the box and consists of multiple excavation support components arranged longitudinally along the tunnel. Telescopic drive components are provided between adjacent excavation support components to simulate the excavation support process. The robotic arm is equipped with multiple printing heads at its end to print on rock masses and fissures of different materials; The loading components on the bottom surfaces of the first and second moving platforms are hydraulic bladders. The inner side of the box has a high stress zone and a low stress zone. The loading components in the high stress zone are hydraulic bladders fixed to the side wall of the box and multiple loading hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic bladders are located in the first area of ​​the high stress zone, and the multiple loading hydraulic cylinders are distributed in the second area of ​​the high stress zone. The loading components in the low stress zone are hydraulic bladders fixed to the side wall of the box. The excavation support assembly includes a truss, and a hydraulic cylinder perpendicular to its contour surface is provided on the inner side of the truss. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the inner side of the truss, and its piston rod passes through the truss and is connected to a support plate. The excavation support mechanism is also equipped with a transparent protective cover, which is set along the outline of the excavation support mechanism. The bottom of the transparent protective cover is equipped with a traveling mechanism, which can drive the transparent protective cover to move longitudinally along the excavation support mechanism.

2. The tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse large-scale simulation test device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top opening and closing drive mechanism adopts a bidirectional screw transmission mechanism installed on the top of the box. The bidirectional screw of the bidirectional screw transmission mechanism is connected to the first moving table and the second moving table. The first moving table and the second moving table are slidably connected to the top surface of the box.

3. The tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse large-scale simulation test device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The three-axis linkage mechanism includes an external frame, with a first horizontal moving mechanism at the top of the external frame. The first horizontal moving mechanism is connected to a second horizontal moving mechanism to drive the second horizontal moving mechanism to move along a first horizontal direction. The second horizontal moving mechanism is connected to a vertical moving mechanism to drive the vertical moving mechanism to move along a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. The vertical moving mechanism is connected to a robotic arm to drive the robotic arm to rise and fall.

4. The tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse large-scale simulation test device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the enclosure is equipped with an observation platform and a pedestrian staircase, with one end of the staircase extending to the ground and the other end extending to the observation platform.

5. The tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse large-scale simulation test device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One side wall of the enclosure is used for the excavation support mechanism to pass through, and the other side wall is provided with a window with tempered glass installed in the window.

6. The tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse large-scale simulation test device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a monitoring element, which is embedded inside the model rock block printed by the print head.

7. The tunnel surrounding rock boulders collapse large-scale simulation test device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring elements include a multi-axis gyroscope, strain sensor, displacement sensor, microseismic sensor, temperature sensor, and vibration frequency sensor, which are embedded inside the model rock block.

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