A novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna

Abstract

The application provides a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna, and belongs to the antenna field.The novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a metal layer and a second dielectric substrate which are arranged in a stack, four first hexagonal patches which are rotationally symmetrical are arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the first hexagonal patches are connected with the metal layer through metal columns, the four metal columns penetrate through the first dielectric substrate and are rotationally distributed at 90 degrees around the center of the first dielectric substrate, four second hexagonal patches are arranged on the periphery of the four first hexagonal patches, a cross spiral groove is etched on the metal layer, the cross spiral groove comprises four rotationally symmetrical circular arcs, each circular arc is obtained by rotating one circular arc by 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees around the center of the metal layer, and a microstrip feed line in a ring shape is arranged in the second dielectric substrate; two circular polarization mechanisms are formed, the cross spiral groove improves the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna, enhances the circular polarization performance of the antenna, the first hexagonal patches are provided with the second hexagonal patches on the periphery, surface waves are suppressed, and the axial ratio bandwidth is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] As one of the key technologies of future 5G / 6G wireless networks, millimeter wave communication has attracted great attention in the past few decades due to its broad spectrum, ensuring the advantages of low delay and high data rate in wireless systems. In addition, circular polarization can effectively suppress multipath fading and increase channel capacity, providing an effective way to improve system performance. Therefore, as an important part of wireless systems, circularly polarized millimeter wave antennas have broad application prospects in 5G / 6G communication.

[0003] As a kind of complementary source antenna, the magnetic electric dipole antenna composed of planar electric dipole and vertical short patch (magnetic dipole) can provide wide impedance bandwidth and stable directional radiation, so it has attracted more and more attention. The magnetic electric dipole element is a kind of complementary source antenna, which is famous for its wide working frequency band and excellent radiation characteristics. This has aroused great interest in using it to design phased arrays. However, most phased arrays work in linear polarization mode. In contrast, circularly polarized antennas have advantages such as alleviating multipath interference and solving polarization mismatch between receiving and transmitting antennas, which makes millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipoles more attractive to satellite communication applications. The Chinese invention patent application with the publication number CN112186339A "A wideband circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna" adopts a slot coupling feed method, which couples the coupling signal to the metal patch above the metal ground plate through the metal feed strip, so that the antenna has good circular polarization performance in a wide frequency bandwidth. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the application is how to further improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna.

[0005] The application solves the above technical problems through the following technical scheme: a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna, comprising a first dielectric substrate, a metal layer and a second dielectric substrate arranged in layers, four first hexagonal patches of rotational symmetry are arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the first hexagonal patches and the metal layer are connected through metal columns, the four metal columns penetrate through the first dielectric substrate and are distributed at 90 degrees around the center of the first dielectric substrate, four second hexagonal patches are arranged around the four first hexagonal patches, the cut angles of the second hexagonal patches are arranged opposite to the cut angles of the first hexagonal patches, a cross spiral groove is etched on the metal layer, the cross spiral groove comprises four circular arcs of rotational symmetry, each circular arc is obtained by rotating one circular arc at 90 degrees, 180 degrees or 270 degrees around the center of the metal layer, and a microstrip feed line in a ring shape is arranged in the second dielectric substrate.

[0006] Beneficial effects: the four first hexagonal patches form a 2*2 array, opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of magnetic coupled dipoles, metal columns connected with opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of electric dipoles, the first hexagonal patches are fed by the cross spiral groove and the microstrip feed line in a ring shape, the structure of the cross spiral groove is four circular arcs spaced at 90 degrees, the slot can improve the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna and enhance the circular polarization performance of the antenna, the second hexagonal patches arranged around the first hexagonal patches can suppress surface waves, improve impedance matching, improve current distribution and improve the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna, the radiation unit is composed of the rotationally symmetric magnetic electric dipole, the 2*2 array distributed first hexagonal patches, the cross spiral groove and the microstrip feed line, forming two circular polarization mechanisms: two pairs of rotationally symmetric magnetic electric dipoles are excited by the cross spiral groove to generate circular polarization, and the four first hexagonal patches are excited by the four metal columns to generate a 2*2 cut angle circular polarization array.

[0007] Preferably, the four first hexagonal patches are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, the four second hexagonal patches are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, the metal layer is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the microstrip feed line is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate.

[0008] Preferably, the first dielectric substrate adopts a dielectric substrate of Rogers 5880 material, and the second dielectric substrate adopts a dielectric substrate of Rogers 5880 material.

[0009] Preferably, opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of magnetic dipoles, and metal columns connected with opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of electric dipoles.

[0010] Preferably, one side of the four metal columns close to the cross spiral groove respectively contacts four circular arcs.

[0011] Preferably, the microstrip feed line comprises a circular microstrip line and a straight microstrip line, the center of the circular microstrip line is located at the center of the second dielectric substrate, and the circular microstrip line has an arc angle of 270 degrees, and one end of the straight microstrip line is connected to one end of a 90-degree arc opening of the circular microstrip line.

[0012] Preferably, the other end of the straight microstrip line is provided with a feed port, and the feed port is located at the edge of the second dielectric substrate, and electromagnetic energy is coupled into the interior of the antenna from the feed port.

[0013] Preferably, the size of the first hexagonal patch is L1=3.1mm, and the length of the cut corner is C1=0.8mm, and the size of the second hexagonal patch is L2=2.8mm, and the length of the cut corner is C2=0.8mm.

[0014] Preferably, the four metal columns include a first metal column, a second metal column, a third metal column, and a fourth metal column, the horizontal distance between the center of the first metal column and the center of the first dielectric substrate is 1.63mm, and the vertical distance is 0.98mm, the horizontal distance between the center of the second metal column and the center of the first dielectric substrate is 0.98mm, and the vertical distance is 1.63mm, the outer diameter of the circular arc is 2.6mm, and the inner diameter is 2mm.

[0015] Preferably, the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole form a rotationally symmetric magnetic electric dipole, and two pairs of rotationally symmetric magnetic electric dipoles are coupled and excited by a cross spiral slot to generate circular polarization, and four first hexagonal patches are excited by four metal columns to generate a 2x2 cut corner circular polarization array.

[0016] The advantages of the present application are:

[0017] (1) Four first hexagonal patches form a 2x2 array, wherein opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of magnetic coupling dipoles, and metal columns connected to opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of electric dipoles, a cross spiral slot and a circular microstrip line structure are used to feed the first hexagonal patch, the structure of the cross spiral slot is four circular arcs spaced 90 degrees apart, the slot can improve the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna and enhance the circular polarization performance of the antenna, a second hexagonal patch is provided on the periphery of the first hexagonal patch to suppress surface waves, improve impedance matching, improve current distribution, and improve the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna; the radiation unit is composed of rotationally symmetric magnetic electric dipoles, 2x2 array distributed first hexagonal patches, cross spiral slots and microstrip feed lines, forming two circular polarization mechanisms: two pairs of rotationally symmetric magnetic electric dipoles are coupled and excited by a cross spiral slot to generate circular polarization, and four first hexagonal patches are excited by four metal columns to generate a 2x2 cut corner circular polarization array.

[0018] (2) The antenna has the characteristics of compact structure and low profile in structural properties, so it has the advantages of facilitating array structure, easy processing and manufacturing, integration and the like, and can be integrated in various terminal devices, and has excellent performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 2 A top view of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 3 A side view of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 4 A planar development diagram of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna first hexagonal patch, second hexagonal patch, first dielectric substrate, and second dielectric substrate is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 5 A xoz plane gain direction pattern diagram of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna at 32GHz is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 6 A yoz plane gain direction pattern diagram of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna at 32GHz is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 7 A comparison diagram of antenna axial ratio parameters of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna with and without a 2x2 patch array is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 8 An S11 parameter diagram of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 9 A three-dimensional direction pattern of a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna at 32GHz is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] In the figure: 1 first dielectric substrate, 2 metal layer, 21 cross spiral groove, 211 circular arc, 3 second dielectric substrate, 4 first hexagonal patch, 5 metal column, 51 first metal column, 52 second metal column, 53 third metal column, 54 fourth metal column, 6 second hexagonal patch, 7 microstrip feed line, 71 ring-shaped microstrip line, 72 straight microstrip line, 721 feed port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application are described below clearly and completely in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] As shown in Figures 1-4 , the embodiment provides a novel millimeter wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna, which comprises a first dielectric substrate 1, a metal layer 2 and a second dielectric substrate 3 arranged in layers. The size of the antenna is W = 10 mm and L = 10 mm. The first dielectric substrate 1 is made of a dielectric substrate of Rogers 5880 material, with a thickness of 0.254 mm, a length of 10 mm and a width of 10 mm. The second dielectric substrate 3 is made of a dielectric substrate of Rogers 5880 material, with a thickness of 0.258 mm, a length of 10 mm and a width of 10 mm. A space rectangular coordinate system o-xyz is provided, which comprises an origin o, an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis. The first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 3 are both parallel to the xoy plane of the space rectangular coordinate system o-xyz.

[0031] Referring to Figure 2 , four first hexagonal patches 4 that are rotationally symmetrical are arranged on the first dielectric substrate 1. Opposite first hexagonal patches form a pair of magnetic dipoles. The size of the first hexagonal patch 4 is L1 = 3.1 mm and the length of the cut corner is C1 = 0.8 mm. The edge of the first hexagonal patch 4 is 0.1 mm away from the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 in both horizontal and vertical directions. The first hexagonal patch 4 is connected to the metal layer 2 through a metal column 5. The four metal columns 5 penetrate the first dielectric substrate 1 and are distributed at 90 degrees around the center of the first dielectric substrate 1. The metal columns 5 connected to opposite first hexagonal patches 4 form a pair of electric dipoles. The radius of the metal column 5 is 0.3 mm. In order to better describe the positions of the four metal columns 5, as shown in Figure 4As shown, the four metal columns 5 include a first metal column 51, a second metal column 52, a third metal column 53, and a fourth metal column 54. The first metal column 51, the second metal column 52, the third metal column 53, and the fourth metal column 54 are distributed in a circle around the center of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the angle between adjacent two metal columns is 90 degrees. The horizontal distance between the center of the first metal column 51 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 1.63 mm, and the vertical distance is 0.98 mm. The horizontal distance between the center of the second metal column 52 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 0.98 mm, and the vertical distance is 1.63 mm. The horizontal distance between the center of the third metal column 53 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 1.63 mm, and the vertical distance is 0.98 mm. The horizontal distance between the center of the fourth metal column 54 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 0.98 mm, and the vertical distance is 1.63 mm.

[0032] Continuing to refer to Figure 2 , four second hexagonal patches 6 are arranged on the periphery of the four first hexagonal patches 4. The second hexagonal patches 6 are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the cut angles of the second hexagonal patches 6 are arranged opposite to the cut angles of the first hexagonal patches 4. The size of the second hexagonal patch 6 is L2=2.8 mm, and the length of the cut angle is C2=0.8 mm. The horizontal distance and the vertical distance between the edge of the second hexagonal patch 6 and the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 are both 2.5 mm. By rotating the array of the second hexagonal patches 6 on the periphery of the first hexagonal patches 4, the propagation of the surface wave of the radiating patch can be suppressed, the current distribution can be improved, and the antenna axial ratio can be widened while suppressing the surface wave.

[0033] Referring to Figure 1 , the metal layer 2 is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1. The length of the metal layer 2 is 10 mm, and the width is 10 mm. A cross spiral groove 21 is etched on the metal layer 2. The cross spiral groove 21 includes four circular arcs 211 that are spaced 90 degrees apart in sequence. The four circular arcs 211 have rotational symmetry, that is, each circular arc 211 is obtained by rotating one of the circular arcs 211 by 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees around the center of the metal layer 2. One end of each of the four circular arcs 211 is connected, and the connection point is located at the center of the metal layer 2. The outer diameter of the circular arc 211 is 2.6 mm, and the inner diameter is 2 mm. One side of the four metal columns 5 below is close to the cross spiral groove 21 and contacts the four circular arcs 211, respectively.

[0034] A ring-shaped microstrip feed line 7 is disposed within the second dielectric substrate 3. In this embodiment, the microstrip feed line 7 is disposed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 3. In practical applications, it can be disposed inside the second dielectric substrate 3 as needed. The microstrip feed line 7 includes a ring-shaped microstrip line 71 and a straight microstrip line 72. The center of the ring-shaped microstrip line 71 is located at the center of the second dielectric substrate 3, and it has an arc angle of 270 degrees. The outer diameter of the ring-shaped microstrip line 71 is 2.2 mm, and the inner diameter is 1.6 mm. One end of the straight microstrip line 72 is connected to one end of the 90-degree arc-shaped opening of the ring-shaped microstrip line 71. The other end of the straight microstrip line 72 is provided with a feed port 721. The feed port 721 is located at the edge of the second dielectric substrate 3. Electromagnetic energy is coupled into the antenna structure through the microstrip feed line 7 and the cross spiral groove 21 to feed the antenna.

[0035] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the antenna. A first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 3 are placed close together (stacked together). The thickness H1 of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 0.254 mm, and the thickness H2 of the second dielectric substrate 3 is 0.258 mm. A metal layer 2 is tightly adhered to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and its thickness is... Figure 3 It is not displayed in the image, therefore it is not shown.

[0036] The working principle of this invention is as follows: four first hexagonal patches 4 form a 2×2 array, wherein opposite first hexagonal patches 4 form a pair of magnetic couplers, and metal pillars 5 connected to opposite first hexagonal patches 4 form a pair of electric dipoles. The radiating unit consists of rotationally symmetric magnetoelectric dipoles, 2×2 arrayed first hexagonal patches 4, cross spiral slots 21, and microstrip feed lines 7, forming two circular polarization mechanisms. The first circular polarization mechanism is as follows: electromagnetic energy enters the straight microstrip line 72 and the ring microstrip line 71 through the feed port 721, is fed into the cross spiral slots 21, is coupled to the metal pillars 5 through the cross spiral slots 21, and is transmitted to the first hexagonal patches 4 through the metal pillars 5 to generate circular polarization. The second circular polarization mechanism is as follows: electromagnetic energy enters the linear microstrip line 72 and the ring microstrip line 71 through the feed port 721, is coupled to the metal pillar 5 through the cross spiral groove 21, and is transmitted to the first hexagonal patch 4 through the metal pillar 5. The first hexagonal patch 4 radiates outwards to generate a chamfered circular polarization array.

[0037] The antenna provided by the application mainly has the following characteristics: the first hexagonal patch 4 of the 2*2 array is fed by a cross spiral slot 21 and a ring-shaped microstrip line 71 structure, the cross spiral slot 21 is composed of four circular arcs 211 which are sequentially spaced by 90 degrees, the new slot can improve the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna and enhance the circular polarization performance of the antenna. The second hexagonal patch 6 is arranged at the periphery of the first hexagonal patch 4, so that the surface wave can be suppressed, the impedance matching can be improved, the current distribution can be improved, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can be improved. In terms of structural characteristics, the antenna has the characteristics of compact structure and low profile, so it has the advantages of being convenient to form an array structure, easy to manufacture and integrate, and the like, and can be integrated into various terminal devices and has excellent performance.

[0038] In order to verify the effect of the application, the antenna of the application is simulated and verified. Figure 5 The left and right circular polarization patterns of the antenna in the xoz plane at 32 GHz are shown in the following figure, Figure 6 The left and right circular polarization patterns of the antenna in the yoz plane at 32 GHz are shown in the following figure, it can be seen from the figure that the antenna realizes right-hand circular polarization at 32 GHz, and the maximum gain is 9.0 dBic, due to the inherent asymmetry of the antenna design, the radiation patterns in the xoz plane and the yoz plane lack symmetry. Figure 7 The antenna provided by the application has no 2*2 patch array, and the axial ratio parameters of the antenna are compared, it can be seen that the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna with the peripheral patch is significantly greater than that of the antenna without the peripheral patch. After adding the peripheral 2*2 patch, it can be seen that the antenna has a 3dB axial ratio bandwidth in the range of 31.28 to 33.28 GHz, and the overlapping region is between 31.28 to 32.96 GHz, compared with the traditional cross-shaped slot, the antenna proposed in the application can improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna by using the cross spiral slot. Figure 8 The S11 parameter diagram of the antenna provided by the application is shown in the following figure, it can be seen that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of-10dB in the range of 30.8 to 32.96 GHz. Figure 9 The three-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna of the application at 32 GHz is shown in the following figure.

[0039] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application, but not to limit them; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that they can modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application.

Claims

1. A novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna, characterized by: The antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate (1), a metal layer (2) and a second dielectric substrate (3) arranged in layers, four first hexagonal patches (4) of rotational symmetry are arranged on the first dielectric substrate (1), the first hexagonal patches (4) are connected with the metal layer (2) through metal columns (5), the four metal columns (5) penetrate through the first dielectric substrate (1) and are distributed at 90 degrees around the center of the first dielectric substrate (1), four second hexagonal patches (6) are arranged around the four first hexagonal patches (4), the cut angles of the second hexagonal patches (6) are arranged opposite to the cut angles of the first hexagonal patches (4), the metal layer (2) is etched with a cross spiral groove (21), the cross spiral groove (21) comprises four circular arcs (211) of rotational symmetry, each circular arc is obtained by rotating one circular arc at 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees around the center of the metal layer (2), a ring-shaped microstrip feed line (7) is arranged in the second dielectric substrate (3), the microstrip feed line (7) comprises a ring-shaped microstrip line (71) and a straight microstrip line (72), the center of the ring-shaped microstrip line (71) is located at the center of the second dielectric substrate (3) and has an arc angle of 270 degrees, one end of the straight microstrip line (72) is connected to one end of a 90-degree arc-shaped opening of the ring-shaped microstrip line (71).

2. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four first hexagonal patches (4) are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), the four second hexagonal patches (6) are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), the metal layer (2) is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), and the microstrip feed line (7) is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (3).

3. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first dielectric substrate (1) is made of a Rogers 5880 material, and the second dielectric substrate (3) is made of a Rogers 5880 material.

4. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Opposite first hexagonal patches (4) form a pair of magnetic dipoles, and the metal columns (5) connected with the opposite first hexagonal patches (4) form a pair of electric dipoles.

5. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side below the four metal columns (5) is close to the cross spiral groove (21) and contacts the four circular arcs (211) respectively.

6. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the straight microstrip line (72) is provided with a feed port (721), and the feed port (721) is located at the edge of the second dielectric substrate (3), and electromagnetic energy is coupled into the antenna from the feed port (721).

7. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: The size of the first hexagonal patch (4) is L1=3.1mm, and the cut angle side length C1=0.8mm, the size of the second hexagonal patch (6) is L2=2.8mm, and the cut angle side length C2=0.8mm.

8. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: The four metal columns (5) include a first metal column (51), a second metal column (52), a third metal column (53), and a fourth metal column (54). The horizontal distance between the center of the first metal column (51) and the third metal column (53) and the middle of the first dielectric substrate (1) is 1.63 mm, and the vertical distance is 0.98 mm. The horizontal distance between the center of the second metal column (52) and the fourth metal column (54) and the middle of the first dielectric substrate (1) is 0.98 mm, and the vertical distance is 1.63 mm. The outer diameter of the circular arc (211) is 2.6 mm, and the inner diameter is 2 mm.

9. The novel millimeter-wave circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna according to claim 4, characterized by: The magnetic dipole and the electric dipole form a rotationally symmetric magnetic and electric dipole, and two pairs of rotationally symmetric magnetic and electric dipoles are coupled and excited by the cross spiral groove (21) to generate circular polarization. Four first hexagonal patches (4) are excited by four metal columns (5) to generate a 2x2 cut-corner circular polarization array.

Images