Seedling raising method of small camellia seed

Abstract

The application discloses a seedling raising method of small camellia pitardii seeds, and comprises the following steps: collecting, modulating and disinfecting the seeds in sequence; mixing the seeds with wet sand and loading the seeds into a mesh bag; the mass ratio of the seeds to the wet sand is 1:2, and the water content of the wet sand is 55%; laying a layer of 5cm-thick goose pebbles at the bottom of a planting container, laying a layer of 3cm-thick wet coarse sand on the goose pebbles, laying a layer of 2-3cm-thick first layer of wet fine sand on the wet coarse sand, laying the first layer of mesh bag on the first layer of wet fine sand, laying a layer of 2-3cm-thick second layer of wet fine sand on the first layer of mesh bag, laying 2-3 layers of mesh bags in the planting container, placing the planting container in cold storage at 4-5 DEG C for 2 months and turning over every 10 days, placing the planting container in sand storage at 25 DEG C for 1 month and turning over every 5 days, sequentially performing temperature-variable germination, seedling raising and protection treatment on the seeds, and transplanting the seedlings to a seedbed. The seedling raising method improves the seedling emergence success rate of the small camellia pitardii seeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for raising seedlings of *Camellia sinensis*. Background Technology

[0002] *Tetrapanax papyrifera* var. *paeoniae* is a deciduous shrub or small tree belonging to the genus *Tetrapanax* in the family Rhamnaceae, reaching a height of up to 10 meters. It is a Class II protected wild plant in China, a micro-endemic species with an extremely narrow distribution range, found only in very small numbers in Hubei and Anhui provinces. This species is delicate and extremely picky about its environment, preferring warm, humid climates and requiring deep, fertile, and well-drained soil. Only five plants have been found in the Shennongjia area so far, distributed in broad-leaved forests along riverbanks at an altitude of approximately 1200 meters; no new seedlings have been found in the understory.

[0003] Few seeds of *Tetracentron sinense* are fully developed, and its seed coat has poor water permeability. Furthermore, germination inhibitors are present in different parts of the seed, resulting in a low germination rate and making propagation difficult, thus putting *Tetracentron sinense* at risk of extinction. Currently, seedling cultivation methods for *Tetracentron sinense* are limited and have low germination success rates, hindering the recovery of wild populations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings of *Tea japonica*, which can improve the germination success rate of *Tea japonica* seeds.

[0006] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for cultivating seedlings of *Camellia sinensis* is provided, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Collect, process, and disinfect the small-beaked tea seeds in sequence;

[0008] Step 2, Mixing with wet sand: Mix the small-hook tea seeds obtained from the pretreatment in Step 1 with wet sand and put them into a mesh bag; wherein, the mass ratio of small-hook tea seeds to wet sand is 1:2, the moisture content of the wet sand is 55%, and the wet sand has been sterilized beforehand.

[0009] Step 3, Sand Storage Setup: Place a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the planting container, followed by a 3cm thick layer of damp coarse sand. Then, place a 2-3cm thick layer of damp fine sand on top of the coarse sand. Next, lay a mesh bag containing the first layer of *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand on top of the first layer of fine sand. Finally, place a 2-3cm thick layer of damp fine sand on top of the mesh bag containing the first layer of *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand. Continue this process, placing 2-3 layers of mesh bags containing *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand in the planting container.

[0010] Step four, low temperature sand storage: the planting container of step three is placed in 4-5℃ refrigerator for 2 months, and is turned over every 10 days, and is sprayed with sterile water to keep the moisture content of the wet sand;

[0011] Step five, warm temperature sand storage: the planting container of step four is placed in 25℃ sand storage for 1 month, and is turned over every 5 days, and is sprayed with sterile water to keep the moisture content of the wet sand;

[0012] Step six, the seedlings of the small camellia sinensis seed obtained by the warm temperature sand storage of step five are treated by temperature alternation, seedling raising and pipe protection, and the seedlings obtained by cultivation are transplanted to the seedbed.

[0013] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia sinensis seed, the seed collected in step one is placed in a sealed container and placed in a dark place.

[0014] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia sinensis seed, the seed collected in step one is placed in a sealed container and placed in a dark place.

[0015] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia sinensis seed, the seed collected in step one is placed in a sealed container and placed in a dark place.

[0016] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia sinensis seed, the seed collected in step one is placed in a sealed container and placed in a dark place.

[0017] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia sinensis seed, the seed collected in step one is placed in a sealed container and placed in a dark place.

[0018] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia seed, the seedling raising process in step six is performed by the following method: 1) water management: the seeds are watered once after sowing, and then watered once every 2-3 days, and water mist is sprayed in the morning and evening every day to keep the soil humidity between 50%-60%; the relative humidity of the air is controlled between 60%-70%; 2) strengthen shade and ventilation management; 3) the night temperature is not lower than 15℃; 4) after the seedlings grow, they are irrigated with 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days.

[0019] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia seed, the seedling raising process in step six is performed by the following method: 1) water management: the seeds are watered once after sowing, and then watered once every 2-3 days, and water mist is sprayed in the morning and evening every day to keep the soil humidity between 50%-60%; the relative humidity of the air is controlled between 60%-70%; 2) strengthen shade and ventilation management; 3) the night temperature is not lower than 15℃; 4) after the seedlings grow, they are irrigated with 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days.

[0020] Preferably, in the seedling raising method of the small camellia seed, the seedling raising process in step six is performed by the following method: 1) water management: the seeds are watered once after sowing, and then watered once every 2-3 days, and water mist is sprayed in the morning and evening every day to keep the soil humidity between 50%-60%; the relative humidity of the air is controlled between 60%-70%; 2) strengthen shade and ventilation management; 3) the night temperature is not lower than 15℃; 4) after the seedlings grow, they are irrigated with 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days.

[0021] Preferably, in the seedling cultivation method of the small hook tea seeds, in step six, during the variable temperature germination process, a cycle of 14 days is used. In each cycle, the first to seventh days are for low-temperature germination, and the eighth to fourteenth days are for warm-temperature germination. In the first cycle, the temperature for low-temperature germination is set at 3-5℃, and the temperature for warm-temperature germination is set at 20-21℃. Furthermore, in the subsequent cycle, the temperature for low-temperature germination is increased by 3℃ compared to the temperature for low-temperature germination in the previous cycle, and the temperature for warm-temperature germination in the subsequent cycle is increased by 1℃ compared to the temperature for warm-temperature germination in the previous cycle.

[0022] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides a method for cultivating *Tea oleifera* seeds, comprising: Step 1, collecting, processing, and disinfecting *Tea oleifera* seeds sequentially; Step 2, mixing with wet sand: mixing the *Tea oleifera* seeds obtained in Step 1 with wet sand and placing them in a mesh bag; wherein the mass ratio of *Tea oleifera* seeds to wet sand is 1:2, the moisture content of the wet sand is 55%, and the wet sand has been pre-sterilized.

[0024] Step 3, Sand Storage Setup: Place a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the planting container, followed by a 3cm thick layer of damp coarse sand. Then, place a 2-3cm thick layer of damp fine sand on top of the coarse sand. Next, lay a mesh bag containing the first layer of *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand on top of the first layer of fine sand. Then, place a second 2-3cm thick layer of damp fine sand on top of the mesh bag containing the first layer of *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand. Continue this process, placing 2-3 layers of mesh bags containing *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand in the planting container. Step 4, Low... Step 3: Warm sand stratification. The planting containers prepared in Step 3 are placed in a 4-5℃ refrigerated environment for 2 months, turned over every 10 days, and sprayed with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Step 4: Warm-temperature sand stratification. The planting containers prepared in Step 4 (low-temperature sand stratification) are placed in a 25℃ refrigerated environment for 1 month, turned over every 5 days, and sprayed with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Step 5: The *Camellia sinensis* seeds obtained from the warm-temperature sand stratification treatment in Step 5 are subjected to variable-temperature germination, seedling cultivation, and management treatments, and the cultivated seedlings are transplanted to a seedbed. This invention improves the seedling cultivation process of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, especially through low-temperature and warm-temperature sand stratification treatments, thereby increasing the germination success rate of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, reducing the difficulty of propagation, and facilitating the recovery of wild populations.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0027] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0028] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0029] This invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings of *Tea japonica*, comprising:

[0030] Step 1: Collect, process, and disinfect the small-beaked tea seeds in sequence;

[0031] Step 2, Mixing with wet sand: Mix the small-hook tea seeds obtained from the pretreatment in Step 1 with wet sand and put them into a mesh bag; wherein, the mass ratio of small-hook tea seeds to wet sand is 1:2, the moisture content of the wet sand is 55%, and the wet sand has been sterilized beforehand.

[0032] Step 3, Sand Storage Setup: Place a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the planting container, followed by a 3cm thick layer of damp coarse sand. Then, place a 2-3cm thick layer of damp fine sand on top of the coarse sand. Next, lay a mesh bag containing the first layer of *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand on top of the first layer of fine sand. Finally, place a 2-3cm thick layer of damp fine sand on top of the mesh bag containing the first layer of *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand. Continue this process, placing 2-3 layers of mesh bags containing *Camellia sinensis* seeds and damp sand in the planting container.

[0033] Step 4, Low-temperature sand storage: Place the planting container prepared in Step 3 in a 4-5℃ refrigerated container for 2 months, turning it over every 10 days and spraying it with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the sand.

[0034] Step 5, Warm Sand Storage: Place the planting containers that have undergone the low-temperature sand storage in Step 4 into sand storage at 25℃ for 1 month. During this period, turn them over every 5 days and spray them with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the wet sand.

[0035] Step Six: The small-grained tea seeds obtained from the warm sand storage treatment in Step Five are subjected to variable temperature germination, seedling cultivation, and management treatment in sequence, and the cultivated seedlings are transplanted to the seedbed.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of the small hook tea seeds, in step one, the seeds are collected and processed in the following way: after the seeds naturally mature from late July to mid-August fall, the seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases are collected from the ground, and the seeds are placed in a sealed container and placed in a dark place.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of the small hook tea seeds, in step one, the seed coat is prepared by the following method: after 5-7 days, the seed coat in the sealed container begins to soften, the softened seeds are taken out and placed in a mesh bag, mixed with river sand, the seed coat and seeds are separated by kneading, and the seeds are rinsed with running water to select pure seeds.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of the small hook tea seeds, in step one, the disinfection treatment is carried out by the following method: soaking the obtained pure seeds in a 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsing with sterile water, and then placing them in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of the small hook tea seeds, step six involves alternating temperature germination treatment: by alternating between low and warm temperatures, the seeds begin to sprout after 3-4 months.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, in the method for raising *Tea oleifera* seeds, step six involves the following seedling treatment: peat moss is selected as the seedling substrate, and it is sprayed evenly with a 20% carbendazim solution. Then, the seedling substrate is placed in a seedling tray, and the *Tea oleifera* seeds obtained from the warm sand stratification treatment in step five are evenly scattered on the seedling substrate. Finally, a 0.5cm thick layer of peat moss is evenly covered.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, step six involves the following management measures: 1) Water management: After sowing, water the seeds thoroughly once, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to maintain soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; 2) Strengthen shading and ventilation management; 3) Ensure the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15℃; 4) After the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of the small-hook tea seeds, in step six, the cultivated seedlings are transplanted to the seedbed in the following manner: after 6-7 months of cultivation in the seedling tray, when the seedlings reach a height of 10-12cm, the young stems change from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are safely developed, the seedlings are transplanted to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm×20cm and continue to be cultivated. The seedlings are regularly watered, weeded, fertilized, and protected against diseases and pests. The seedbed is a mixed substrate of fine sand and humus, with a mass ratio of fine sand to humus of 1:1. The mixed substrate is pre-exposed to the sun for 2-3 days, during which it is frequently turned over to kill insect eggs and sterilize.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, in step four, during the low-temperature sand stratification process, the planting container prepared in step three is placed in a 4-5℃ refrigerated environment for two months. During this period, it is turned over every 10 days. Each time it is turned over, the mesh bag containing *Camellia sinensis* seeds and moist sand is removed from the planting container, and sterile water at a temperature of 0.5-1℃ is sprayed onto the mesh bag to maintain the moisture content of the moist sand. The mesh bag containing *Camellia sinensis* seeds and moist sand is then removed from the planting container. Place the container in a 0℃ environment for 20-30 seconds, and blow cold air at 0℃ into the mesh bag containing the small hook tea seeds and wet sand. Then, place the planting container in a 0.5-1℃ refrigeration environment for 4-5 hours, and then restore the planting container to 4-5℃ and continue refrigeration until the next turning. In step five, during the warm sand refrigeration process, place the planting container that has undergone the low-temperature sand refrigeration in step four in a 25℃ sand refrigeration environment for one month. During this period, turn the container over every 5 days, and spray sterile water at 25℃ each time it is turned over to maintain the moisture content of the wet sand.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, in the seedling cultivation method of *Tea oleifera* seeds, in step six, during the variable-temperature germination treatment, a cycle of 14 days is used. In each cycle, days 1 to 7 are for low-temperature germination, and days 8 to 14 are for warm-temperature germination. In the first cycle, the temperature for low-temperature germination is set to 3-5℃, and the temperature for warm-temperature germination is set to 20-21℃. In the subsequent cycle, the temperature for low-temperature germination is increased by 3℃ compared to the temperature for low-temperature germination in the previous cycle, and the temperature for warm-temperature germination in the subsequent cycle is increased by 1℃ compared to the temperature for warm-temperature germination in the previous cycle.

[0045] In summary, this invention improves the seedling cultivation process of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, especially by subjecting the seeds to low-temperature and warm-temperature sand stratification treatments. This increases the germination success rate of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, reduces the difficulty of propagating them, and is beneficial to the recovery of wild populations.

[0046] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the seedling cultivation method of *Tea japonica* seeds provided by the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0049] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0050] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0051] (4) Sterilize fine sand: Take a portion of river sand, sift it to make it uniform fine sand, and expose it to the sun for 2-3 days. During this period, turn it frequently to ensure that it is thoroughly sterilized and killed.

[0052] (5) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand (the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:2). Then put the seeds and wet sand into a mesh bag and put the mesh bag into a flower pot containing wet sand.

[0053] (6) Sand storage setup: Select a plastic flowerpot that is 18cm high and 27cm wide. Lay a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the flowerpot, then a 3cm thick layer of wet coarse sand, and then a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand. Place the mesh bag containing seeds and wet sand on the wet fine sand in the flowerpot, and then lay a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand on top. Repeat this process. Generally, a sand storage flowerpot can be filled with two layers of mesh bags of seeds.

[0054] (7) Low-temperature sand stratification: Place the treated sand-stratified flowerpots in a refrigerator (approximately 4-5℃) for 2 months, turning them over every 10 days and spraying them with sterile water to maintain the moisture of the sand. Each turning should not change the layered distribution within the flowerpot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer of pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand is moistened, so that the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag all maintain a moisture content of 55%.

[0055] (8) Warm-temperature sand stratification: Remove the seeds from the low-temperature sand stratification and place them in a DNP-9082 electric thermostatic incubator for one month at a temperature of approximately 25°C. Turn the seeds over every 5 days to ensure even heating and spray with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Each turning should not alter the layered arrangement within the pot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand—is moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag.

[0056] (9) Alternating temperature germination: Germination is carried out by alternating between low temperature and warm temperature. After 3-4 months, the seeds will begin to sprout. The cycle is 14 days. In each cycle, the first 7 days are for low temperature germination and the 8th to 14th days are for warm temperature germination. The temperature for low temperature germination is 4-5℃ and the temperature for warm temperature germination is 25℃.

[0057] (10) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, evenly scatter the sand-stored seeds on the substrate, and then evenly cover it with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0058] (11) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0059] (12) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare a seedbed 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0062] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0063] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0064] (4) Sterilize fine sand: Take a portion of river sand, sift it to make it uniform fine sand, and expose it to the sun for 2-3 days. During this period, turn it frequently to ensure that it is thoroughly sterilized and killed.

[0065] (5) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand (the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:2). Then put the seeds and wet sand into a mesh bag and put the mesh bag into a flower pot containing wet sand.

[0066] (6) Sand storage setup: Select a plastic flowerpot that is 18cm high and 27cm wide. Lay a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the flowerpot, then a 3cm thick layer of wet coarse sand, and then a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand. Place the mesh bag containing seeds and wet sand on the wet fine sand in the flowerpot, and then lay a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand on top. Repeat this process. Generally, a sand storage flowerpot can be filled with 3 layers of mesh bags containing seeds.

[0067] (7) Low-temperature sand stratification: Place the treated sand-stratified flowerpots in a refrigerator (approximately 4-5℃) for 2 months, turning them over every 10 days and spraying them with sterile water to maintain the moisture of the sand. Each turning should not change the layered distribution within the flowerpot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer, including pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and mesh bag, is moistened, so that the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag all maintain a moisture content of 55%.

[0068] (8) Warm-temperature sand stratification: Remove the seeds from the low-temperature sand stratification and place them in a DNP-9082 electric thermostatic incubator for one month at a temperature of approximately 25°C. Turn the seeds over every 5 days to ensure even heating and spray with sterile water to maintain the moisture in the sand. Each turning should not alter the layered arrangement within the pot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and mesh bag—is moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the sand in the mesh bag.

[0069] (9) Alternating temperature germination: Germination is carried out by alternating between low temperature and warm temperature. After 3-4 months, the seeds will begin to sprout. The cycle is 14 days. In each cycle, the first 7 days are for low temperature germination and the 8th to 14th days are for warm temperature germination. The temperature for low temperature germination is 4-5℃ and the temperature for warm temperature germination is 25℃.

[0070] (10) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, evenly scatter the sand-stored seeds on the substrate, and then evenly cover it with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0071] (11) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0072] (12) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare a seedbed 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0075] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0076] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0077] (4) Sterilize fine sand: Take a portion of river sand, sift it to make it uniform fine sand, and expose it to the sun for 2-3 days. During this period, turn it frequently to ensure that it is thoroughly sterilized and killed.

[0078] (5) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand (the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:2). Then put the seeds and wet sand into a mesh bag and put the mesh bag into a flower pot containing wet sand.

[0079] (6) Sand storage setup: Select a plastic flowerpot that is 18cm high and 27cm wide. Lay a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the flowerpot, then a 3cm thick layer of wet coarse sand, and then a 3cm thick layer of wet fine sand. Place the mesh bag containing seeds and wet sand on the wet fine sand in the flowerpot, and then lay a 3cm thick layer of wet fine sand on top. Repeat this process. Generally, a sand storage flowerpot can be filled with two layers of mesh bags containing seeds.

[0080] (7) Low-temperature sand stratification: Place the treated sand-stratified flowerpots in a refrigerator (approximately 4-5℃) for 2 months, turning them over every 10 days and spraying them with sterile water to maintain the moisture of the sand. Each turning should not change the layered distribution within the flowerpot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer of pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand is moistened, so that the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag all maintain a moisture content of 55%.

[0081] (8) Warm-temperature sand stratification: Remove the seeds from the low-temperature sand stratification and place them in a DNP-9082 electric thermostatic incubator for one month at a temperature of approximately 25°C. Turn the seeds over every 5 days to ensure even heating and spray with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Each turning should not alter the layered arrangement within the pot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand—is moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag.

[0082] (9) Alternating temperature germination: Germination is carried out by alternating between low temperature and warm temperature. After 3-4 months, the seeds will begin to sprout. The cycle is 14 days. In each cycle, the first 7 days are for low temperature germination and the 8th to 14th days are for warm temperature germination. The temperature for low temperature germination is 4-5℃ and the temperature for warm temperature germination is 25℃.

[0083] (10) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, evenly scatter the sand-stored seeds on the substrate, and then evenly cover it with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0084] (11) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0085] (12) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare a seedbed 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0088] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0089] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0090] (4) Sterilize fine sand: Take a portion of river sand, sift it to make it uniform fine sand, and expose it to the sun for 2-3 days. During this period, turn it frequently to ensure that it is thoroughly sterilized and killed.

[0091] (5) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand (the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:2). Then put the seeds and wet sand into a mesh bag and put the mesh bag into a flower pot containing wet sand.

[0092] (6) Sand storage setup: Select a plastic flowerpot that is 18cm high and 27cm wide. Lay a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the flowerpot, then a 3cm thick layer of wet coarse sand, and then a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand. Place the mesh bag containing seeds and wet sand on the wet fine sand in the flowerpot, and then lay a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand on top. Repeat this process. Generally, a sand storage flowerpot can be filled with two layers of mesh bags of seeds.

[0093] (7) Low-temperature sand stratification: Place the treated sand-stratified flowerpots in a refrigerator (approximately 4-5℃) for 2 months, turning them over every 10 days. Each time they are turned over, remove the mesh bag containing the *Camellia sinensis* seeds and moist sand from the planting container. Spray the mesh bag with sterile water at 0.5-1℃ to maintain the moisture content of the moist sand. Place the mesh bag in a 0℃ environment for 20-30 seconds and blow cold air at 0℃ onto it. Then, refrigerate the planting container at 0.5-1℃ for 4-5 hours, and then restore the planting container to 4-5℃ and continue refrigerating until the next turning. Each turning does not change the layered distribution in the flowerpot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, moist coarse sand, moist fine sand, mesh bag, moist fine sand, mesh bag, and moist fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer, including pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bags, wet fine sand, mesh bags, and wet fine sand, is moistened with water, so that the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and wet sand in the mesh bags all maintain a moisture content of 55%.

[0094] (8) Warm-temperature sand stratification: Remove the seeds from the low-temperature sand stratification and place them in a DNP-9082 electric thermostatic incubator for one month at a temperature of approximately 25°C. Turn the seeds over every 5 days to ensure even heating. Spray with sterile water at 25°C each time the seeds are turned to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Do not change the layered arrangement within the pot during each turning, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand—is moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the sand in the mesh bag.

[0095] (9) Alternating temperature germination: Germination is carried out by alternating between low temperature and warm temperature. After 3-4 months, the seeds will begin to sprout. The cycle is 14 days. In each cycle, the first 7 days are for low temperature germination and the 8th to 14th days are for warm temperature germination. The temperature for low temperature germination is 4-5℃ and the temperature for warm temperature germination is 25℃.

[0096] (10) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, evenly scatter the sand-stored seeds on the substrate, and then evenly cover it with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0097] (11) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0098] (12) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare a seedbed 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0099] Example 5

[0100] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0101] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0102] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0103] (4) Sterilize fine sand: Take a portion of river sand, sift it to make it uniform fine sand, and expose it to the sun for 2-3 days. During this period, turn it frequently to ensure that it is thoroughly sterilized and killed.

[0104] (5) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand (the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:2). Then put the seeds and wet sand into a mesh bag and put the mesh bag into a flower pot containing wet sand.

[0105] (6) Sand storage setup: Select a plastic flowerpot that is 18cm high and 27cm wide. Lay a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the flowerpot, then a 3cm thick layer of wet coarse sand, and then a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand. Place the mesh bag containing seeds and wet sand on the wet fine sand in the flowerpot, and then lay a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand on top. Repeat this process. Generally, a sand storage flowerpot can be filled with 3 layers of mesh bags containing seeds.

[0106] (7) Low-temperature sand storage: Place the treated sand-stored flower pots in a refrigerator (about 4-5℃) for 2 months. During this period, turn them over every 10 days. Each time you turn them over, take the mesh bag containing the small hook tea seeds and wet sand out of the planting container and spray the mesh bag containing the small hook tea seeds and wet sand with sterile water at a temperature of 0.5-1℃ to maintain the moisture content of the wet sand. Place the mesh bag containing the small hook tea seeds and wet sand in a 0℃ environment for 20-30 seconds and blow cold air at a temperature of 0℃ onto the mesh bag containing the small hook tea seeds and wet sand. Then place the planting container in a 0.5-1℃ refrigerator for 4-5 hours, and then restore the planting container to 4-5℃ and continue to refrigerate until the next turning. Each time the soil is turned over, the layered arrangement within the flowerpot remains unchanged, from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and mesh bag—is thoroughly moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag.

[0107] (8) Warm-temperature sand stratification: Remove the seeds from the low-temperature sand stratification and place them in a DNP-9082 electric thermostatic incubator for one month at a temperature of approximately 25°C. Turn the seeds over every 5 days to ensure even heating. Spray with sterile water at 25°C each time the seeds are turned to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Do not change the layered arrangement within the pot during each turning, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and mesh bag—is moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the sand in the mesh bag.

[0108] (9) Variable temperature germination: Germination is carried out by alternating between low temperature and warm temperature. After 3-4 months, the seeds begin to sprout. In the variable temperature germination process, a cycle of 14 days is used. In each cycle, the first 1 to 7 days are for low temperature germination and the 8th to 14th days are for warm temperature germination. In the first cycle, the temperature for low temperature germination is set at 3-5℃ and the temperature for warm temperature germination is set at 20-21℃. In the next cycle, the temperature for low temperature germination is increased by 3℃ compared to the previous cycle, and the temperature for warm temperature germination is increased by 1℃ compared to the previous cycle.

[0109] (10) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, evenly scatter the sand-stored seeds on the substrate, and then evenly cover it with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0110] (11) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0111] (12) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare a seedbed 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0112] Example 6

[0113] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0114] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0115] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0116] (4) Sterilize fine sand: Take a portion of river sand, sift it to make it uniform fine sand, and expose it to the sun for 2-3 days. During this period, turn it frequently to ensure that it is thoroughly sterilized and killed.

[0117] (5) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand (the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:2). Then put the seeds and wet sand into a mesh bag and put the mesh bag into a flower pot containing wet sand.

[0118] (6) Sand storage setup: Select a plastic flowerpot that is 18cm high and 27cm wide. Lay a 5cm thick layer of pebbles at the bottom of the flowerpot, then a 3cm thick layer of wet coarse sand, and then a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand. Place the mesh bag containing seeds and wet sand on the wet fine sand in the flowerpot, and then lay a 2cm thick layer of wet fine sand on top. Repeat this process. Generally, a sand storage flowerpot can be filled with two layers of mesh bags of seeds.

[0119] (7) Low-temperature sand stratification: Place the treated sand-stratified flowerpots in a refrigerator (approximately 4-5℃) for 2 months, turning them over every 10 days and spraying them with sterile water to maintain the moisture of the sand. Each turning should not change the layered distribution within the flowerpot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer of pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand is moistened, so that the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag all maintain a moisture content of 55%.

[0120] (8) Warm-temperature sand stratification: Remove the seeds from the low-temperature sand stratification and place them in a DNP-9082 electric thermostatic incubator for one month at a temperature of approximately 25°C. Turn the seeds over every 5 days to ensure even heating and spray with sterile water to maintain the moisture content of the sand. Each turning should not alter the layered arrangement within the pot, i.e., from bottom to top: pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand. When spraying sterile water, ensure that each layer—pebbles, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, mesh bag, wet fine sand, mesh bag, and wet fine sand—is moistened, maintaining a moisture content of 55% for the wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and the wet sand in the mesh bag.

[0121] (9) Sprouting: The temperature for germination is 25℃.

[0122] (10) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, evenly scatter the sand-stored seeds on the substrate, and then evenly cover it with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0123] (11) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0124] (12) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare a seedbed 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0125] Comparative Example 1

[0126] (1) Seed collection: Seeds that mature naturally from late July to mid-August fall to the ground. Collect seeds with plump flesh, normal color, and no pests or diseases. Put the seeds into a self-sealing bag, seal it, and place it in a dark place.

[0127] (2) Seed preparation: After 5-7 days, the seed coat in the self-sealing bag begins to soften. Take out the softened seeds and place them in a mesh bag. Add an appropriate amount of river sand and rub them by hand to separate the seed coat from the seeds. Then pour them into a basin of water and rinse them with running water to select pure seeds.

[0128] (3) Seed disinfection: The obtained pure seeds are soaked in 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

[0129] (4) Mixing seeds with sand: Spray sterile water on the sterilized fine sand. The moisture content of the wet sand is about 55% (generally, it is the standard that it can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water). Mix the seeds with the wet sand and store them.

[0130] (5) Alternating temperature germination: Germination is carried out by alternating between low temperature and warm temperature. After 3-4 months, the seeds will begin to sprout. The cycle is 14 days. In each cycle, the first 7 days are for low temperature germination and the 8th to 14th days are for warm temperature germination. The temperature for low temperature germination is 4-5℃ and the temperature for warm temperature germination is 25℃.

[0131] (6) Seedling tray preparation: Select peat moss as the seedling substrate, spray it evenly with 20% carbendazim solution, then fill the substrate into a 37cm long, 29cm wide and 7cm high grid seedling tray, sprinkle the seeds evenly on the substrate, and then cover it evenly with 0.5cm thick peat moss.

[0132] (7) Management measures: Water management: water the seeds thoroughly once after sowing, and then water them thoroughly every 2-3 days. Spray water mist every morning and evening to keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60%; control the relative humidity of the air between 60% and 70%; strengthen shading and ventilation management; the night temperature should not be lower than 15℃; after the seedlings emerge, irrigate with a 25% carbendazim solution every 5 days to prevent root rot fungi.

[0133] (8) Seedling Transplanting: After 6-7 months of cultivation in seedling trays, when the seedlings are 10-12cm tall, the young stems have turned from white to reddish-brown, and the true leaves are developing safely, they can be transplanted to the seedbed for further cultivation. The seedbed should be a mixture of fine sand and humus, with a sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1. Expose the seedbed to direct sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning it over to kill insect eggs and sterilize it. Prepare seedbeds 1.2m long, 0.8m wide, and 0.15m high using the treated sand and soil. Transplant the seedlings to the seedbed at a spacing of 15cm x 20cm. Regularly strengthen seedling management, including watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control.

[0134] For the seedling raising methods provided in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1, the germination success rate of *Camellia sinensis* seeds was statistically analyzed (see Table 1).

[0135] Table 1 shows the germination success rate of *Tetracentron sinense* seeds in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1.

[0136] Emergence success rate (%) Example 1 90.2 Example 2 90.3 Example 3 90.1 Example 4 97.4 Example 5 98.6 Example 6 88.4 Comparative Example 1 81.6

[0137] As shown in Table 1, the germination success rate of Examples 1 to 5 all reached over 90%, while the germination success rate of Comparative Example 1 was far below 90%. The seedling cultivation methods provided in Examples 1 to 5 all employed low-temperature and warm-temperature sand storage treatments, and used a variable-temperature germination method during the germination stage. Comparative Example 1, however, did not employ either low-temperature or warm-temperature sand storage treatments. Under low-temperature sand storage conditions, the seeds temporarily enter a forced dormancy state, increasing the permeability of the seed coat and improving the germination rate. Warm-temperature sand storage also helps the seeds to fully soak and absorb water. Therefore, the low-temperature and warm-temperature sand storage treatments used in Examples 1 to 5, as well as the variable-temperature germination method during the germination stage, contribute to improving the germination success rate of *Tea japonica* seeds.

[0138] Furthermore, the germination success rates of Examples 4 and 5 were significantly better than those of Examples 1 to 3. Examples 4 and 5 optimized the low-temperature and warm-temperature sand storage processes compared to Examples 1 to 3. Specifically, in Examples 4 and 5, during the low-temperature sand storage process, the mesh bag was removed from the container and placed in a 0°C environment for a short time each time it was turned over. To ensure the effectiveness of this resting period, cold air at the same temperature of 0°C was simultaneously blown onto the mesh bag. Afterward, the planting container was placed in a lower temperature (0.5-1°C) for several hours, which further enhanced the storage effect of low-temperature sand storage on the seeds, ultimately improving the germination success rate. To improve the efficiency of lowering the temperature range, sterile water at a temperature of 0.5-1°C was sprayed during turning, ensuring that the temperature of the sprayed sterile water was consistent with the target temperature of the lower temperature range. Simultaneously, due to the short resting time in the 0°C environment, cold air at 0°C was blown onto the mesh bag to ensure that all seeds achieved the expected treatment effect. During the warm-temperature sand storage process, sterile water at a temperature of 25°C is sprayed each time the seeds are turned over. The temperature of the sterile water is the same as that of the warm-temperature sand storage, which can reduce the temperature fluctuations of the seeds, pebbles in the planting container, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, and wet sand in the mesh bag, and avoid the impact of environmental temperature fluctuations on seed germination.

[0139] The germination success rate of Example 5 was higher than that of Example 4. Compared to Example 4, Example 5 improved the variable-temperature germination method. Specifically, in Example 4, the low-temperature germination temperature and the warm-temperature germination temperature remained constant in each cycle of the variable-temperature germination process. However, in Example 5, the low-temperature germination temperature and the warm-temperature germination temperature gradually increased in each cycle, with the low-temperature germination temperature always remaining lower than the warm-temperature germination temperature. This setting, on the one hand, ensures that the seeds remain in an alternating low-temperature and warm-temperature germination environment in each cycle, preserving the advantages of variable-temperature germination; on the other hand, it gradually increases the low-temperature and warm-temperature germination temperatures, so that in later cycles, the low-temperature germination temperature becomes closer to the warm-temperature germination temperature, and the warm-temperature germination temperature also becomes closer to the final planting environment temperature. This improves the seed germination success rate and enhances the seedlings' adaptability to the environment, which is beneficial for the recovery of wild populations.

[0140] The germination success rate of Example 6 was lower than that of Examples 1 to 3. This is because, although Example 6 employed low-temperature and warm-temperature sand storage treatments, it did not use a variable-temperature germination method. This demonstrates that the variable-temperature germination method still has a significant impact on improving the seed germination success rate.

[0141] In summary, this invention improves the seedling cultivation process of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, especially by subjecting the seeds to low-temperature and warm-temperature sand stratification treatments. This increases the germination success rate of *Camellia sinensis* seeds, reduces the difficulty of propagating them, and is beneficial to the recovery of wild populations.

[0142] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Other modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A seedling raising method for small camellia seeds, characterized by, The application relates to a seedling raising method of small camellia sinensis. The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting, modulating and disinfecting small camellia sinensis seeds; S2, mixing the small camellia sinensis seeds with wet sand, and placing the mixture in a mesh bag; the mass ratio of the small camellia sinensis seeds to the wet sand is 1:2, the water content of the wet sand is 55%, and the wet sand is sterilized in advance; S3, setting up a sand storage device; a 5cm-thick layer of goose pebbles is laid at the bottom of a planting container, a 3cm-thick layer of wet coarse sand is laid on the goose pebbles, a 2-3cm-thick first layer of wet fine sand is laid on the wet coarse sand, the mesh bag containing the small camellia sinensis seeds and the wet sand is laid on the first layer of wet fine sand, a 2-3cm-thick second layer of wet fine sand is laid on the mesh bag containing the small camellia sinensis seeds and the wet sand, and 2-3 layers of mesh bags containing the small camellia sinensis seeds and the wet sand are laid in the planting container; S4, low-temperature sand storage; the planting container of the sand storage device is stored at 4-5 DEG C for 2 months, the mesh bag containing the small camellia sinensis seeds and the wet sand is taken out from the planting container every 10 days, sterile water with a temperature of 0.5-1 DEG C is sprayed on the mesh bag to keep the water content of the wet sand, the mesh bag is placed in a 0 DEG C environment for 20-30 seconds, and cold air with a temperature of 0 DEG C is blown on the mesh bag, then the planting container is stored at 0.5-1 DEG C for 4-5 hours, and the planting container is returned to 4-5 DEG C for continuous storage until the next time of turning; S5, warm-temperature sand storage; the planting container of the low-temperature sand storage is stored at 25 DEG C for 1 month, and sterile water with a temperature of 25 DEG C is sprayed every 5 days to keep the water content of the wet sand; S6, the small camellia sinensis seeds of the warm-temperature sand storage are subjected to temperature-variable germination, seedling raising and pipe protection, and the seedlings are transplanted to a seedbed; in the temperature-variable germination, the seeds are germinated at low temperature and warm temperature alternately, and the seeds begin to germinate after 3-4 months; in the temperature-variable germination, 14 days are taken as one cycle, the first to seventh days are taken as low-temperature germination, the eighth to fourteenth days are taken as warm-temperature germination, the temperature of the low-temperature germination is 4-5 DEG C, and the temperature of the warm-temperature germination is 25 DEG C; or in the temperature-variable germination, 14 days are taken as one cycle, the first to seventh days are taken as low-temperature germination, the eighth to fourteenth days are taken as warm-temperature germination, the temperature of the low-temperature germination in the first cycle is 3-5 DEG C, the temperature of the warm-temperature germination in the first cycle is 20-21 DEG C, the temperature of the low-temperature germination in the second cycle is 3 DEG C higher than that in the first cycle, and the temperature of the warm-temperature germination in the second cycle is 1 DEG C higher than that in the first cycle. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The seedling raising method of Camellia compacta according to claim 1, characterized by, The step one, through the following way is collected processing: the seed that falls from the ground to collect the flesh full, color normal, no disease and insect pests in late July to mid August natural ripening, seed is loaded into sealed container, place in the shade.

3. The seedling raising method of Camellia compacta according to claim 2, characterized by, The step one, through the following way is modulated processing: after 5-7 days, the seed coat in the sealed container begins to soften, take out the soft seed and place it in a mesh bag, mix with river sand, rub off the seed coat and seed, and use running water to wash and select pure seeds.

4. The seedling raising method of small camellia seeds according to claim 3, characterized by, The step one, through the following way is sterilized processing: the obtained pure seed is soaked with 20-25% carbendazim solution for 8-15min, washed with sterile water, and then placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

5. The seedling raising method of small camellia seeds according to claim 1, characterized by, The step six, through the following way is seedling treatment: the seedling substrate is selected as grass carbon soil, which is sprayed with 20% carbendazim solution, then the seedling substrate is loaded into the seedling tray, the small camellia sinensis seeds obtained by the step five warm sand storage treatment are uniformly spread on the seedling substrate, and then 0.5cm thick grass carbon soil is uniformly covered.

6. The seedling raising method of small camellia seeds according to claim 5, characterized by, The step six, through the following way is tube protection treatment: 1) water management: the seeds after sowing are watered once, then every 2-3 days, water is sprayed in the morning and evening, and the soil humidity is maintained at 50%-60%; the relative humidity of air is controlled at 60%-70%; 2) strengthen shade and ventilation management; 3) night temperature is not less than 15℃; 4) after the seedlings grow, every 5 days, 25% carbendazim solution is irrigated.

7. The seedling raising method of small camellia seeds according to claim 6, characterized by, The step six, through the following way will the seedlings obtained by cultivation be transplanted to the seedbed: after 6-7 months of cultivation in the seedling tray, when the height of the seedlings reaches 10-12cm, the young stems change from white to reddish brown, and the true leaves develop safely, the seedlings are transplanted to the seedbed according to the plant row spacing of 15cm×20cm, continue to cultivate, and regularly water, weed, fertilize and manage the seedlings; wherein the seedbed is selected as a mixed substrate of fine sand and humus soil, the mass ratio of fine sand and humus soil is 1:1, and the mixed substrate is pre-placed under the sun for 2-3 days, during which it is frequently turned to kill insect eggs and sterilize.