An energy-self-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy-self-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system, which includes an electromagnetic wind energy collection module, a wind direction measurement module, an energy management module, a temperature and humidity measurement module, and a meteorological monitoring module. The electromagnetic wind energy collection module includes a turbine rotating structure that converts wind energy into the rotational kinetic energy of the structure, and an electromechanical conversion structure that converts the rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy using the electromagnetic induction principle; the wind direction measurement module converts wind direction information into an electrical signal output using the photoelectric conversion principle; the energy management module is used to store electrical energy and supply power to other modules; the temperature and humidity measurement module integrates a low-power temperature and humidity sensor; and the meteorological monitoring module realizes data processing. The present invention can efficiently collect wind energy, achieve its own energy self-sustaining based on this sustainable energy, and integrate multiple meteorological element monitoring functions, and can realize long-term and stable monitoring of meteorological data such as ambient temperature and humidity, natural wind direction and speed (wind vector information) under unmanned conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of meteorological service technology, and specifically to an energy-self-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Local meteorological monitoring plays a vital role in remote areas, including meteorological and environmental monitoring, industrial pollution monitoring, disaster tracing, and emergency response. Long-term dynamic monitoring of key meteorological elements, such as ambient temperature and humidity, and wind direction and speed (wind vector information), helps accurately predict local weather changes, trace the spread of industrial pollution, and assess or predict disaster risks. This provides a strong basis for developing and implementing scientific climate change response strategies, accident emergency response measures, and disaster risk management strategies. However, in remote areas with vast territories and complex geographical environments, the deployment of traditional large-scale meteorological monitoring equipment and devices is difficult, and in some areas, the construction conditions for such facilities are even nonexistent. This makes long-term meteorological data collection in these areas a major challenge. The booming development of the Internet of Things (IoT) offers a wealth of potential solutions to these challenges. As the underlying carrier of IoT technology, wireless sensor networks are widely used in environmental monitoring, industrial production, disaster assessment, and emergency response. Compared to the deployment limitations of traditional large-scale meteorological monitoring equipment and devices in remote areas, wireless sensor networks composed of micro-nodes or systems, with their wide coverage, low cost, and easy deployment, have shown great potential for localized meteorological and environmental monitoring.

[0003] Due to the distributed nature of wireless sensor networks, traditional grid-based power supply methods struggle to meet the actual power requirements of such systems due to wiring complexity and issues with strong and weak current compatibility. Consequently, battery power has become the preferred option for many wireless sensor networks. Recent advances in battery technology have significantly increased capacity and extended service life, alleviating the energy supply challenges faced by wireless sensor networks to some extent. However, in remote areas with vast geographical areas and complex environments, frequent battery charging and replacement leads to high labor costs, limiting the sustainability of such wireless sensor networks. In this context, leveraging the widespread and renewable wind energy resources to power such wireless sensor network nodes or systems can help achieve energy self-sufficiency, ensuring long-term, stable operation under unattended conditions. Therefore, harvesting wind energy to support the power needs of miniaturized meteorological monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks has become a promising solution for achieving system energy self-sustainability. Compared with large wind turbines that are subject to many factors such as the site's meteorological conditions, geographical conditions, transportation conditions, implementation and operation and maintenance costs, and require supporting facilities such as transmission towers, micro wind energy harvesting devices are more competitive in providing sustainable energy for micro-meteorological monitoring systems and achieving overall energy self-sufficiency due to their simple structure, small size, low economic cost, and low rated wind speed requirements.

[0004] However, the power conversion level of micro wind energy harvesting devices is easily affected by wind fluctuations, and their power output is unstable. Especially under low wind speed conditions, the limited power output may not be able to cover the power consumption of the meteorological monitoring system. Therefore, faced with the problem of unstable wind power supply and the need for energy self-sustaining micro meteorological monitoring systems, how to start from the two aspects of "increasing revenue" and "saving costs" by designing a wind energy harvesting device structure with high wind energy harvesting efficiency and integrating a low-power meteorological data acquisition system with multiple precise meteorological data collection functions to realize an integrated micro meteorological monitoring system with long-term unmanned energy self-sustaining capability is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address these challenges, a self-sustaining, integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system has been developed. The electromagnetic wind energy harvesting device operates at low starting wind speeds and generates high power. The energy-sustaining and miniaturized meteorological monitoring system, based on this, has practical application potential.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In its first aspect, the present invention proposes an energy-sustaining, integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system designed to achieve long-term, stable monitoring of meteorological data, including ambient temperature and humidity, and wind direction and speed (wind vector information), in unmanned areas. The following provides a technical solution for this energy-sustaining, integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system.

[0008] The energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system includes:

[0009] The electromagnetic wind energy collection module includes a turbine rotating structure and an electromechanical conversion structure; the turbine rotating structure is used to convert wind energy into rotational kinetic energy of the structure, and the electromechanical conversion structure uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy and output an electrical signal containing wind speed information;

[0010] The energy management module is used to receive and store the electric energy converted by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module and supply power to other modules;

[0011] The wind direction measurement module includes a wind vane and a photoresistor array. The wind vane has a light source at its end, which points to the windward direction under the influence of wind. The photoresistor array is used to convert the wind direction indication of the wind vane into an electrical signal containing wind direction information and output it according to the position change of the light source.

[0012] The temperature and humidity measurement module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is used to obtain ambient temperature and humidity information and transmit it to the meteorological monitoring module;

[0013] The meteorological monitoring module is used to receive the electrical signal output by the wind direction measurement module, the electrical signal output by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module and the ambient temperature and humidity information output by the temperature and humidity measurement module, wherein the electrical signals output by the wind direction measurement module and the electromagnetic wind energy collection module are processed to obtain the wind direction and wind speed data of the current environment.

[0014] Preferably, the turbine rotating structure includes a blade top air guide cover, a blade body and a blade base, the blade body adopts a Savonius structure, the blade gap ratio is 0.17-0.35, and the blade body is connected between the blade top air guide cover and the blade base through a central axis rotation; a shaft is also installed under the blade base, and the shaft is connected to the electromechanical conversion structure for transferring the rotational kinetic energy of the turbine rotating structure to the electromechanical conversion structure; the blade top air guide cover and the blade base are both disc-shaped, close to the two ends of the blade body; the electromechanical conversion structure is a three-layer structure, including a first coil layer, a magnet layer and a second coil layer, the magnet layer is fixed to the turbine rotating structure through a shaft, and rotates synchronously with the turbine rotating structure, and a permanent magnet magnetized in the axial direction is fixed in the magnet layer; the first coil layer and the second coil are respectively located on both sides of the magnet layer, and the first coil layer and the second coil are fixedly connected and fixed to the external structure to prevent rotation.

[0015] Preferably, the photoresistor array comprises a plurality of photoresistors arranged in a circular array, fixed above the electromechanical conversion structure, the wind vane is located at the center of the photoresistor array, and the rotation axis of the wind vane is perpendicular to the plane where the photoresistor array is located;

[0016] Preferably, the rated power of the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 1.5 mW.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention further proposes a meteorological monitoring method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system, and the method comprises:

[0018] The turbine rotating structure utilizes wind power to rotate, converting wind energy into rotational kinetic energy of the structure. The electromechanical conversion structure utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is transmitted to the energy management module. The energy management module receives and stores the electrical energy converted by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module to power other modules. At the same time, the electromechanical conversion structure also outputs an electrical signal containing wind speed information to the meteorological monitoring module.

[0019] The wind vane rotates under the action of the wind, and the vane end of the wind vane points to the windward direction. At the same time, the light source fixed to the vane end shines on the photoresistor in the corresponding direction. The resistance value of the photoresistor in the corresponding direction changes, generating an electrical signal with wind direction information and outputting it to the weather monitoring module.

[0020] The temperature and humidity sensor in the temperature and humidity measurement module obtains the ambient temperature and humidity information, and transmits the electrical signal containing the ambient temperature and humidity information to the meteorological monitoring module;

[0021] The meteorological monitoring module receives the electrical signals output by the wind direction measurement module, the electromagnetic wind energy collection module and the temperature and humidity measurement module, and obtains the wind direction and speed data and the temperature and humidity data of the current location environment through calculation and processing.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The turbine rotating structure described in this invention is a Savonius vertical-axis wind energy harvesting device with a special blade-to-blade ratio. Through its rational structural design, it can rotate in wind speeds as low as 1.5 m / s, thereby broadening the wind speed range within which wind energy harvesting can effectively operate.

[0024] 2. The electromechanical conversion structure of the present invention consists of two coil layers and a magnet layer, which fully utilizes the strong magnetic field area of ​​the magnet array, thereby generating high voltage and high output power under conditions of relatively low turbine rotating structure speed (i.e., low wind speed excitation conditions), thereby providing sufficient power for the system;

[0025] 3. The meteorological monitoring module of the present invention utilizes the linear relationship between the output voltage amplitude of the electromagnetic wind energy collection module and wind speed. The voltage amplitude output by the electromechanical conversion structure is mapped to a wind speed value through linear transformation. This eliminates the need for an additional wind speed sensor, and the sensing terminal consumes no power.

[0026] 4. The wind direction measurement module described in the present invention consists of a wind vane and a photoresistor array. Its primary power consumption during operation is limited to the electricity required to illuminate the light source, resulting in low power consumption. Furthermore, the photoresistor array utilizes a circular array wiring method, significantly reducing the number of electrodes for electrical connection, alleviating the pressure on the number of input pins required for the main control chip, simplifying circuit design and wiring complexity, while maintaining a high spatial resolution. The wind direction measurement module has a simple measurement principle: the direction indicated by the channel where the photoresistor resistance changes is the wind direction indicated by the wind vane.

[0027] 5. The energy-self-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system described in the present invention relies solely on the electric energy generated by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module to maintain the long-term stable operation of the meteorological monitoring system. It adopts a low-power modular design and integrates the acquisition, analysis, and transmission functions of environmental temperature and humidity information, and natural wind direction and speed (wind vector) information. It does not require additional power supply and is therefore capable of performing long-term and stable local meteorological condition monitoring under unattended conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the micro-meteorological monitoring system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the electromagnetic wind energy collection module of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the electromechanical conversion structure;

[0031] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A structural diagram of the wind direction measurement structure described in;

[0032] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Equivalent circuit diagram of the photoresistor array connection method in the wind direction measurement structure described in;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a workflow diagram of the energy management module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described and illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The embodiments are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and do not limit its scope. The technical features of the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined accordingly, provided that there is no conflict between them.

[0035] The present invention proposes an energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system, which is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The electromagnetic wind energy harvesting module provided in the embodiments of the present invention is suitable for capturing ambient wind energy under different wind speed conditions and converting it into electrical energy that can power the system. Together with the designed wind direction measurement module, energy management module, temperature and humidity measurement module, and meteorological monitoring module, the energy-sustaining meteorological monitoring system is constructed. This system collects, calculates, and remotely transmits key meteorological elements such as ambient wind speed and direction (wind vector information), temperature and humidity, and can operate autonomously for long periods of time without human supervision.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This embodiment introduces the specific working method of the electromagnetic wind energy collection module to convert ambient wind energy into electrical energy.

[0038] The electromagnetic wind energy collection module includes a turbine rotating structure and an electromechanical conversion structure. Figure 2 As shown, the turbine rotating structure in this embodiment adopts a Savonius structure, or an S-type drag-difference wind energy collector. It consists of two fan-shaped blade bodies 2 with a radius R1 = 30.5 mm and a thickness d1 = 1.5 mm, a disc-shaped top shroud 1 with a radius R2 = 55 mm and a thickness d2 = 1.5 mm, and a blade base 3 with a radius R3 = 55 mm and a thickness d3 = 1.5 mm. The blade gap ratio is 0.17. When wind blows against the blades, the turbine rotating structure rotates due to the difference in wind torque at different blade positions. The airflow from the concave surface of the blades flows through the interlaced gaps and enters behind the convex surface. This deflected airflow offsets some of the convex resistance, enhancing the turbine rotating structure's low-wind-speed rotation capability. The top shroud improves the flow characteristics of wind passing through the blade body, enhancing the efficiency of converting wind energy into the structure's rotational kinetic energy. A shaft is also mounted below the blade base 3. This shaft is connected to the electromechanical conversion structure and is used to transfer the turbine rotating structure's rotational kinetic energy to the electromechanical conversion structure.

[0039] The electromechanical conversion structure includes a first coil layer 4, a magnet layer 5, and a second coil layer 6. The magnet layer 5 is fixed to the turbine rotating structure via a shaft and rotates synchronously with the turbine rotating structure. In this embodiment, the magnet layer mainly comprises a ring structure surrounded by eight axially magnetized magnets. The magnets are fan-shaped magnets with an outer diameter D1 = 50 mm, an inner diameter D2 = 20 mm, an angle of 45°, and a thickness d4 = 5 mm. The maximum magnetic energy product of the fan-shaped permanent magnets is 52 MGOe. This design can form a strong magnetic field region with significant spatial variation in magnetic flux density in the space near the upper and lower surfaces of the magnet array, enhancing the electromagnetic coupling between the magnetic field and the coils in this region. It also facilitates the deployment of induction coils on both sides of the magnet layer, allowing more coils to be deployed within the limited space occupied by the electromechanical conversion structure to increase the overall power generation of the module. The first coil layer 4 and the second coil 6 are located on the upper and lower sides of the magnet layer, respectively. The first coil layer 4 and the second coil 6 are fixedly connected and fixed to the external structure to prevent rotation. The two coil layers above and below the magnet each include 8 coil windings with the same geometric design as the magnet. The coil layer is 1 mm away from the magnet layer. The coil has an outer diameter D3 = 50 mm, an inner diameter D4 = 20 mm, an angle of 45°, and a thickness d5 = 5 mm. This fully utilizes the above-mentioned strong electromagnetic coupling area, reduces magnetic flux leakage at the edge of the coil, and improves the electromechanical conversion efficiency.

[0040] The turbine's rotating structure is preferably made of lightweight 3D-printed polylactic acid, which offers high mechanical strength and a low overall weight, effectively improving wind energy harvesting efficiency under low wind speed conditions. The magnet layer is preferably constructed of highly magnetic and temperature-stable zinc-coated neodymium iron boron magnets, while the coil layer utilizes 0.2mm diameter insulated enameled copper wire.

[0041] The specific working process of the electromagnetic wind energy collection module in this embodiment is as follows: the turbine rotating structure rotates around the central axis under the action of aerodynamic force, converting wind energy into rotational kinetic energy of the structure, and the bottom of the blade base is connected to the electromechanical conversion structure through a shaft, which is used to transfer the rotational kinetic energy to the electromechanical conversion structure; the magnet layer in the electromechanical conversion structure is fixed to the turbine rotating structure through the shaft and rotates with the turbine rotating structure, and the fixed coil layer and the magnet layer rotating with the turbine rotating structure form relative motion, thereby generating electrical energy; the generated electrical energy is transmitted to the energy management module to supply energy for subsequent circuits.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment introduces the specific working method of the wind direction measurement module to convert the ambient wind direction into the output signal of the photoresistor.

[0044] The wind direction measurement module includes a wind vane 7 and a photoresistor array 8. Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the light source of the wind vane 7 is fixed to the vane end of the wind vane. The wind vane has an asymmetrical design, with a larger wind-receiving area at the tail end and a smaller wind-receiving area at the vane end. Under the influence of the ambient wind, the wind vane 7 rotates around its vertical axis until its vane end is aligned with the windward direction. At this point, the wind pressure felt at the tail end of the wind vane 7 and the wind pressure felt at the vane end reach equilibrium, and the wind vane 7 stably points in the direction of the wind.

[0045] The photoresistor array 8 comprises a plurality of photoresistors arranged in a circular array, fixed above the electromechanical conversion structure, the wind vane 7 is located at the center of the photoresistor array, and the axis of rotation of the wind vane 7 is perpendicular to the plane where the photoresistor array 8 is located; in this embodiment, the photoresistor array 8 adopts a positive and negative multiplexing connection method, and its equivalent circuit diagram is as follows: Figure 5 As shown (the figure uses a 3*3 photoresistor array as an example to illustrate the equivalent circuit, and the embodiment uses a 6*6 photoresistor array arranged along the circumference), in this embodiment, the photoresistor array 8 is composed of 36 photoresistors of the same model, each with the same photoelectric effect, ensuring the uniformity and consistency of the entire array. The positive and negative multiplexing connection method significantly reduces the number of electrically connected electrodes (from 72 leads to 12 in this embodiment), alleviates the pressure on the number of input pins required for the main control chip, simplifies circuit design and wiring complexity, and maintains a high spatial resolution.

[0046] The photoresistor is preferably a chip photoresistor made of cadmium sulfide material to improve the integration of the photoresistor array and the response speed to light changes.

[0047] The wind direction measurement module in this embodiment operates as follows: The wind vane points upwind, while a light source mounted on the vane illuminates the photoresistor in the corresponding direction. Matrix scanning technology is then used to obtain information about each photoresistor. Specifically, by sequentially activating the rows and measuring the resistance change on all column lines for each row, a light intensity map is constructed for the entire array. The direction indicated by the channel where the photoresistor resistance changes is the wind direction indicated by the wind vane.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This embodiment introduces the specific working mode of the energy-self-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system.

[0050] like Figure 1As shown, the micro-meteorological monitoring system in this embodiment includes four parts: an electromagnetic wind energy collection module, a wind direction measurement module, an energy management module, a temperature and humidity measurement module, and a meteorological monitoring module. Specifically, its main working process can be explained from the two perspectives of energy flow and information flow: in the energy flow, the energy management module receives and stores the electric energy converted by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module to power the sensors, main control chip and its auxiliary functional circuits required by the meteorological monitoring system; in the information flow, the meteorological monitoring module receives the output electrical signal of the wind direction measurement structure, the output electrical signal of the electromechanical conversion structure, and the ambient temperature and humidity information obtained by the low-power temperature and humidity sensor of the temperature and humidity measurement module;

[0051] The specific working mode of the energy flow participating components in this embodiment is as follows: in the case where the electromagnetic wind energy collection device in embodiment 1 converts the ambient wind energy into electrical energy, the energy management module is used to receive and store electrical energy. Figure 6 As shown, the energy management module includes a rectifier circuit, an energy storage capacitor, an electronic switch, and a voltage regulator chip. Since the electric energy generated by wind power may be alternating current with time-varying direction and magnitude, it is not easy to store. Therefore, a rectifier circuit (specifically a bridge rectifier circuit) is used to convert the alternating current into direct current. The energy storage capacitor uses a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor of 33mF to store the rectified electric energy. The energy storage capacitor has two states. In the charging state, the energy storage capacitor is used to store the direct current output of the rectifier circuit. In the discharging state, the energy storage capacitor is used to provide power. An electronic switch controls when the energy storage capacitor is charged or discharged. When the actual voltage of the energy storage capacitor is greater than a threshold voltage, the electronic switch controls the energy storage capacitor to switch to the discharging state. When the actual voltage of the energy storage capacitor is less than a threshold voltage, the electronic switch controls the energy storage capacitor to switch to the charging state. The threshold voltage is greater than the rated operating voltage required by the meteorological monitoring module. In this embodiment, the threshold voltage is 1.5V. The voltage regulating and stabilizing chip (specifically a switching regulator) adjusts the voltage to an appropriate level to ensure the stability of the output electric energy and its compatibility with the load power supply requirements. The electric energy is reasonably allocated according to the power consumption requirements of the temperature and humidity measurement module and the wind direction measurement module.

[0052] The rectifier circuit is preferably a bridge rectifier circuit, specifically a bridge circuit composed of four diodes, which can effectively utilize the entire AC power cycle. The voltage regulator chip is preferably a switching regulator (DC-DC converter), which can achieve step-up, step-down, or step-up / step-down conversion to match the actual power supply requirements of load components and various modules of the system.

[0053] The specific working mode of the information transmission route in this embodiment is as follows: the temperature and humidity measurement module includes a low-power temperature and humidity sensor with a rated power of approximately 1.5mW and its auxiliary circuits. When the meteorological monitoring module is powered, the temperature and humidity measurement module collects ambient temperature and humidity information and transmits it to the meteorological monitoring module; combined with the working mode of the wind direction measurement module in this embodiment 2, the meteorological monitoring module transmits ambient wind direction information; the voltage signal output by the electromechanical conversion structure is also transmitted to the meteorological monitoring module. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, it can be known that its voltage amplitude has a linear relationship with the wind speed. The voltage signal is converted into the measured wind speed value using a pre-fitted and calibrated voltage-wind speed curve.

[0054] The linear relationship between the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal carrying wind speed information and the wind speed is:

[0055]

[0056] Where E is the voltage amplitude, N is the number of coil turns, is the rate of change of magnetic flux over time. ω is the speed of the turbine rotating structure, B is the magnetic induction intensity at the locations of the first and second coil layers, and A is the effective area of ​​the coil. sin(ωt) describes the periodic behavior of the electromotive force over time, N·B·A is a constant term, and according to the wind force model and aerodynamic model, ω is positively correlated with the wind speed v. Therefore, under the given N·B·A conditions, there is a linear relationship between the wind speed and the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal containing wind speed information. After determining the speed of the turbine rotating structure ω, the wind speed v is calculated based on the wind force model and aerodynamic model. This is well known to those in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0057] After collecting and processing key meteorological elements such as ambient wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, the meteorological monitoring module remotely transmits this information via wireless methods (such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi) to the meteorological monitoring center for further processing and recording. During this implementation, the micro-meteorological monitoring system relies solely on the electricity generated by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module, which is converted from ambient wind energy, to maintain its operation. It does not require additional power sources such as batteries, thus enabling long-term, stable monitoring of local meteorological conditions without human intervention.

[0058] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system, characterized in that: include: The electromagnetic wind energy collection module includes a turbine rotating structure and an electromechanical conversion structure; the turbine rotating structure is used to convert wind energy into rotational kinetic energy of the structure, and the electromechanical conversion structure uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy and output an electrical signal containing wind speed information; The energy management module is used to receive and store the electric energy converted by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module and supply power to other modules; A wind direction measurement module comprises a wind vane (7) and a photoresistor array (8); the wind vane end of the wind vane is provided with a light source and points in the windward direction under the action of wind; the photoresistor array is used to detect the position of the light source on the wind vane to convert the wind direction indication result of the wind vane into an electrical signal with wind direction information and output the electrical signal; The temperature and humidity measurement module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is used to obtain ambient temperature and humidity information and transmit it to the meteorological monitoring module; a meteorological monitoring module, configured to receive the electrical signal output by the wind direction measurement module, the electrical signal output by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module, and the ambient temperature and humidity information output by the temperature and humidity measurement module, wherein the electrical signals output by the wind direction measurement module and the electromagnetic wind energy collection module are processed to obtain wind direction and speed data of the current environment; The turbine rotating structure comprises a blade top flow guide cover (1), a blade body (2) and a blade base (3); the blade body (2) adopts a Savonius structure, and the blade gap ratio is 0.17-0.35; the blade body (2) is rotatably connected between the blade top flow guide cover and the blade base via a central axis; a shaft is further installed below the blade base (3), and the shaft is connected to the electromechanical conversion structure and is used to transfer the rotational kinetic energy of the turbine rotating structure to the electromechanical conversion structure; the blade top flow guide cover (1) and the blade base (3) are both disc-shaped and closely attached to both ends of the blade body (2); The electromechanical conversion structure is a three-layer structure, comprising a first coil layer (4), a magnet layer (5) and a second coil layer (6); the magnet layer (5) is fixed to the turbine rotating structure via a shaft and rotates synchronously with the turbine rotating structure; a permanent magnet magnetized in an axial direction is fixed in the magnet layer (5); the first coil layer (4) and the second coil layer (6) are respectively located on both sides of the magnet layer; the first coil layer (4) and the second coil layer (6) are fixedly connected and fixed to an external structure to prevent rotation; In the electromechanical conversion structure, the magnet layer (5) comprises M permanent magnets magnetized in the axial direction, the M permanent magnets are arranged in a circumferential direction and fixed in the magnet layer, the maximum magnetic energy product of the permanent magnets is greater than 42 MGOe, the first coil layer (4) and the second coil layer (6) each comprise M coil windings, the coil windings have the same shape and size as the permanent magnets and are arranged in the same manner, and the distance between each layer of the first coil layer (4), the magnet layer (5) and the second coil layer (6) is 1-3 mm; The photoresistor array (8) comprises a plurality of photoresistors arranged in a circumferential array, fixed above the electromechanical conversion structure, the wind vane is located at the center of the photoresistor array, and the rotation axis of the wind vane is perpendicular to the plane where the photoresistor array is located; the photoresistor array (8) adopts a positive and negative multiplexing connection method; The wind direction measurement module works as follows: the wind forces the vane to point upwind, while a light source fixed to the vane's end illuminates the photoresistor in the corresponding direction. By sequentially activating the row lines and measuring the resistance change on all column lines when each row is activated, a light intensity map of the entire array can be constructed. Ultimately, the direction indicated by the vane's wind direction is the channel where the photoresistor's resistance changes.

2. The energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy management module includes a rectifier circuit, an energy storage capacitor, an electronic switch, and a voltage regulating and stabilizing chip. The rectifier circuit receives the electric energy converted by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module, which is in the form of alternating current. The rectifier circuit is used to convert the electric energy in the form of alternating current into electric energy in the form of direct current. The energy storage capacitor adopts an electrolytic capacitor greater than 22 mF. The energy storage capacitor has two states. In the charging state, the energy storage capacitor is used to store the electric energy in the form of direct current output by the rectifier circuit. In the discharging state, the energy storage capacitor is used to provide power. The electronic switch controls the switching between the charging state and the discharging state of the energy storage capacitor. When the actual voltage of the energy storage capacitor is greater than the threshold voltage, the electronic switch controls the energy storage capacitor to switch to the discharging state. When the actual voltage of the energy storage capacitor is less than the threshold voltage, the electronic switch controls the energy storage capacitor to switch to the charging state. The threshold voltage is greater than the rated working voltage required by the meteorological monitoring module. The voltage regulating and stabilizing chip is used to stabilize the output voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the discharged state to the rated working voltage required by the meteorological monitoring module.

3. The energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rated power of the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 1.5 mW.

4. The energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorological monitoring module integrates the functions of data acquisition, calculation processing and remote transmission. It specifically includes five parts: wind speed data acquisition channel, wind direction data acquisition channel, temperature and humidity data acquisition channel, data processing subsystem, and data transmission subsystem. The wind direction measurement module and the temperature and humidity measurement module are powered by the electric energy stored in the energy management module; the wind direction data acquisition channel is used to receive the electrical signal containing wind direction information output by the wind direction measurement module; The wind speed data acquisition channel is used to receive the electrical signal containing wind speed information output by the electromechanical conversion structure; the temperature and humidity data acquisition channel is used to receive the ambient temperature and humidity information obtained by the temperature and humidity sensor; the data processing subsystem uses the linear relationship between the wind speed and the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal containing wind speed information to obtain wind speed information, and uses the correspondence between the electrical signal containing wind direction information and the wind direction to obtain wind direction information; the data transmission subsystem is used to remotely transmit wind speed information, wind direction information and temperature and humidity information to an external control terminal via wireless means.

5. The energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The linear relationship between the wind speed and the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal carrying the wind speed information is obtained according to the following relationship: ； in is the voltage amplitude, is the number of coil turns of the first coil layer and the second coil layer in the electromechanical conversion structure, is the speed of the turbine rotating structure, and wind speed There is a positive correlation, is the magnetic induction intensity at the location of the first coil layer and the second coil layer, is the effective area of ​​the coils in the first coil layer and the second coil layer.

6. The energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the wind direction information by utilizing the correspondence between the electrical signal carrying the wind direction information and the wind direction comprises: analyzing the electrical signal carrying the wind direction information to determine the photoresistor whose resistance value has changed in the photoresistor array, and the direction of the photoresistor whose resistance value has changed is the current windward direction.

7. A meteorological monitoring method based on the energy-sustaining integrated micro-meteorological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: The turbine rotating structure utilizes wind power to rotate, converting wind energy into rotational kinetic energy of the structure. The electromechanical conversion structure utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is transmitted to the energy management module. The energy management module receives and stores the electrical energy converted by the electromagnetic wind energy collection module to power other modules. At the same time, the electromechanical conversion structure also outputs an electrical signal containing wind speed information to the meteorological monitoring module. The wind vane (7) rotates under the action of wind, and the wind vane end of the wind vane points to the windward direction. At the same time, a light source fixed to the wind vane end illuminates the photoresistor in the corresponding direction. The resistance value of the photoresistor in the corresponding direction changes, generating an electrical signal with wind direction information and outputting it to the meteorological monitoring module. The temperature and humidity sensor in the temperature and humidity measurement module obtains the ambient temperature and humidity information, and transmits the electrical signal containing the ambient temperature and humidity information to the meteorological monitoring module; The meteorological monitoring module receives the electrical signals output by the wind direction measurement module, the electromagnetic wind energy collection module and the temperature and humidity measurement module, and obtains the wind direction and speed data and the temperature and humidity data of the current location environment through calculation and processing.

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