A deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters and a design method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-consistent design parameters and a design method thereof, wherein the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel of the deterministic lateral displacement chip has non-consistent design parameters, so that the particle separation radius changes from small to large in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet. Based on the discovery that "the liquid will squeeze the obstacle column to deform it when injected, thereby changing the actual separation radius", the actual parameters of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel are designed to be inconsistent, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet changes from small to large, which can more accurately distinguish large and small particles near the expected separation radius D; the actual parameters of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel are designed to be inconsistent, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet changes from large to small, which can more effectively and obviously screen out large particles of various sizes at one time, thereby improving the particle screening efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microfluidics technology, and in particular to a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-consistent design parameters and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) chip, that is, a microfluidic chip based on the deterministic lateral displacement principle, can be used for purification, separation and solvent replacement of particle solutions. The deterministic lateral displacement chip includes an obstacle channel and openings on both sides thereof. The openings on both sides are specifically a solution inlet and a solution outlet. The particle solution is injected into the chip from the solution inlet, flows through the obstacle channel, and then flows out from the solution outlet. A column array is arranged in the obstacle channel to make particles of different sizes move in different directions. The separation radius used to distinguish between large and small particles can be changed by adjusting the design parameters of the column array.

[0003] In the existing deterministic lateral displacement chip, the shape and size of the obstacle column cross section in the obstacle zone channel and the arrangement spacing of the column array are consistent. In theory, as long as the design parameters of the column arrays in each part of the obstacle zone can achieve the accurate expected separation radius D, the deterministic lateral displacement can also accurately distinguish large and small particles in actual use.

[0004] However, in actual experiments, deterministic lateral displacement is usually unable to accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D, and can only accurately distinguish between large and small particles that are significantly different from the expected separation radius. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this specification is to provide a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters and a design method thereof, so as to solve the problem that deterministic lateral displacement is usually unable to accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D in actual experiments.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present specification provides a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-consistent design parameters, including: an obstacle zone channel, in which a column array formed by a plurality of obstacle columns is arranged, so that when a particle solution flows through the obstacle zone channel, particles of different sizes have different travel routes; the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel have non-consistent design parameters, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet changes from small to large or from large to small.

[0007] In some embodiments, the design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution outlet are such that the designed separation radius of the particles is the expected separation radius of the particles.

[0008] In some embodiments, the radius of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel varies, so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

[0009] In some embodiments, the gap between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel changes, so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

[0010] In some embodiments, the radius of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel and the gap between the center positions of the cross section vary, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet varies from small to large or from large to small.

[0011] In some embodiments, the radius of the obstacle column and / or the gap between the center positions of the cross section decreases uniformly in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

[0012] In some embodiments, in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, the radius of the obstacle column and / or the gap between the center positions of the cross section decreases according to a linear rule or a nonlinear rule.

[0013] The first aspect of the present specification provides a design method for a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters, including: determining an expected separation radius of particles according to target experimental requirements; determining design parameters of an obstacle column region near a solution outlet according to the expected separation radius of the particles; determining a difference in design parameters of obstacle column regions near a solution inlet and outlet; determining design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet according to the difference; determining design parameters of the obstacle column region between the solution inlet and the solution outlet according to the design parameters of the obstacle column regions near the solution inlet and outlet.

[0014] In some embodiments, determining the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet includes: designing a test chip according to an expected separation radius of the particles, wherein the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel of the test chip are consistent; simulating the injection of liquid into the test chip in the target experiment according to the requirements of the target experiment; during the liquid injection process, respectively acquiring column cross-sectional images of the obstacle columns near the solution inlet and outlet; and determining the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet based on the difference in column cross-sectional radius in the column cross-sectional images.

[0015] The deterministic lateral displacement chip with inconsistent design parameters and the design method thereof provided in this specification are based on the discovery that "when liquid is injected, the obstacle column will be squeezed to deform it and thus the actual separation radius will change". The actual parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are designed to be inconsistent, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet varies from small to large, which can more accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D; the actual parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are designed to be inconsistent, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet varies from large to small, which can more effectively and obviously screen out large particles of various sizes at one time, thereby improving the particle screening efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods recorded in this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of an obstacle column near the outlet when a particle solution is injected at different pressures at the inlet of the deterministic lateral displacement chip;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of an obstacle column near the inlet when different pressures are applied to the inlet of the deterministic lateral displacement chip to inject a particle solution;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a design of a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters;

[0020] Figure 4 Another schematic diagram of a design of a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another design of a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a conventional deterministic lateral displacement chip;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the travel routes of large and small particles in the obstacle area channel;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a design method for a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters is provided for this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] It was found in the experiment that even if the column array of the obstacle zone channel of a deterministic lateral displacement chip is designed according to an expected separation radius value D, and the design parameters are very accurate, the deterministic lateral displacement chip is still unable to accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D, and can only accurately distinguish between large and small particles that are significantly different from the expected separation radius.

[0027] That is to say, although the deterministic lateral displacement chip is designed according to an expected separation radius value D, in actual use, the separation radius is an interval (Dd, D+d), that is, it may be able to accurately distinguish small particles with a radius less than Dd and large particles with a radius greater than D+d, but it cannot accurately distinguish particles with a radius in the interval (Dd, D+d).

[0028] In this regard, the inventors have found through a large number of experiments that the deterministic lateral displacement chip is usually made of PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) material, which has a certain elasticity. When the particle solution is injected into the deterministic lateral displacement chip, the liquid will squeeze the barrier column of the PDMS material to deform it. There will be pressure changes in the process of the particle solution flowing from the solution inlet through the obstacle zone channel to the solution outlet. The pressure near the solution inlet is large, and the pressure near the solution outlet is small. This causes the deformation of the PDMS material barrier column near the solution inlet to be greater than that near the solution outlet. That is, when the particle solution is injected into the deterministic lateral displacement chip, the actual size of the PDMS material barrier column near the solution inlet is smaller than that near the solution outlet. Based on the above reasons, if the column array design parameters of the entire obstacle zone channel are consistent, the actual separation radius of the particles in the deterministic lateral displacement chip will be inconsistent when it is actually used, and the actual separation radius of the particles in some obstacle column areas will be greater than the expected separation radius D.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of an obstacle column near the outlet when a particle solution is injected at different pressures at the inlet of the deterministic lateral displacement chip; Figure 2Schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of an obstacle column near the inlet of the deterministic lateral displacement chip when the particle solution is injected at different pressures. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The left figure in the figure corresponds to an applied pressure of 0 mbar, the middle figure corresponds to an applied pressure of 700 mbar, and the right figure corresponds to an applied pressure of 1500 mbar. Figure 2 In the left figure, the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column is 16.42 μm, the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column in the middle figure is 15.83 μm, and the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column in the right figure is 15.04 μm. Figure 1 In the left, middle and right images, the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column is 16.20 μm. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the injection pressure of the particle solution has a greater effect on the deformation of the obstacle column near the inlet, but has almost no effect on the deformation of the obstacle column near the outlet.

[0030] Based on the above findings, the present specification provides a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-consistent design parameters, including: an obstacle zone channel, in which a column array formed by a plurality of obstacle columns is arranged, so that when a particle solution flows through the obstacle zone channel, particles of different sizes have different travel routes; the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel have non-consistent design parameters, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet changes from small to large or from large to small.

[0031] The obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel have inconsistent design parameters, that is, the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are inconsistent.

[0032] The "consistency" of the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle area channel includes the same shape and size of the cross-section of the obstacle columns, the same distance between the obstacle columns in each row, and the same distance between the obstacle columns in each column.

[0033] The "inconsistency" in the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel may include at least one of the following situations: the shape and / or size of the obstacle column cross section is different, and the x-axis spacing and / or y-axis spacing between the center positions of the obstacle column cross section is different.

[0034] The shapes of the cross sections of the obstacle columns are different. For example, the cross section of the obstacle column at one end of the obstacle zone channel may be original, while the cross section of the obstacle column at the other end may be elliptical, and the cross section of the obstacle column between the two ends may be in a transition state from circular to elliptical.

[0035] The sizes of the cross-sections of the obstacle columns are different. For example, the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are all circular or elliptical, but the radius (or major axis, minor axis) of the cross-section of the obstacle column at one end of the obstacle zone channel is D1, and the radius (or major axis, minor axis) of the cross-section of the obstacle column at the other end is D2, and the radius (or major axis, minor axis) of the cross-section of the obstacle column between the two ends is a transition value from D1 to D2, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0036] The center position of the cross section of the obstacle column can be the geometric center, centroid, center of gravity or centroid of the cross section, or the projection point of the central axis of the obstacle column on the cross section. The center position of the cross section of the obstacle column is arranged in rows and columns to form an array. The angle between the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction can be 90° or not. When the angle is not 90°, the x-axis direction can be: the direction in which the angle between the direction of liquid flow at the inlet of the obstacle channel solution is less than a preset angle, and the y-axis direction can be: the direction in which the angle between the direction of liquid flow at the inlet of the obstacle channel solution is less than a preset angle, and the vertical direction refers to: the direction perpendicular to the direction of liquid flow at the inlet of the obstacle channel solution. The preset angle can be, for example, 5° or 10°.

[0037] The x-axis spacing between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns is different. For example, the x-axis spacing between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns at one end of the obstacle zone channel may be L1, and the x-axis spacing at the other end may be L2. The x-axis spacing between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns between the two ends may be a transition value from L1 to L2.

[0038] The y-axis spacing between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns is different. For example, the y-axis spacing between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns at one end of the obstacle zone channel may be H1, and the y-axis spacing at the other end may be H2. The y-axis spacing between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns between the two ends may be a transition value from H1 to H2.

[0039] In some embodiments, only one of the above design parameters changes from the end of the obstacle zone channel close to the solution inlet to the end close to the solution outlet. In other embodiments, two or more of the above design parameters change from the end of the obstacle zone channel close to the solution inlet to the end close to the solution outlet. Figure 5 As shown, the shape of the cross section has changed, and the center position of the obstacle column cross section has also changed.

[0040] The at least one design parameter is changed so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet. The specific law of the change of the designed separation radius of the particles with the change of the design parameters is not the focus of this application and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] In some embodiments, the radius of the obstacle column and / or the gap between the center positions of the cross section decreases uniformly from the solution inlet to the solution outlet. In other embodiments, the radius of the obstacle column and / or the gap between the center positions of the cross section decreases according to a linear or nonlinear law from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

[0042] In some embodiments, the design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution outlet are such that the designed separation radius of the particles is the expected separation radius of the particles.

[0043] In the case where the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, when the deterministic lateral displacement chip is actually used, the action of the fluid will cause the actual parameters of the obstacle column to change, so that after the change, the actual separation radius of the particles near the solution inlet increases and tends to be consistent with the actual separation radius of the particles near the solution outlet, that is, it is basically equal to the expected separation radius of the particles, thereby being able to more accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D.

[0044] Figure 7 The figure is a schematic diagram of the paths of large and small particles in the obstacle channel. The solid red line represents the path of large particles, the solid green line represents the path of small particles, and the dotted red line represents the direction of liquid flow at the entrance of the obstacle channel solution. Large particles move along the x-axis direction (the x-axis direction is an arrangement direction of the obstacle column, and the angle θ between the x-axis direction and the liquid flow direction at the entrance of the obstacle channel solution is less than the preset angle), and small particles basically continue to move along the liquid flow direction at the entrance of the obstacle channel solution.

[0045] In the case where the designed separation radius of the particles changes from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, when the deterministic lateral displacement chip is actually used, the action of the fluid will cause the actual parameters of the obstacle column to change, so that after the change, the actual separation radius of the particles close to the solution inlet is further increased, so that the larger large particles A (large particles refer to particles with a radius larger than the expected separation radius) are larger than the actual separation radius a of the particles at the entrance of the obstacle channel, and will preferentially move along the x-axis direction (such as Figure 7 At the same time, the relatively small large particle B is smaller than the actual particle separation radius a at the entrance of the obstacle channel, and thus basically moves along the solution injection direction. When the relatively small large particle B moves to the reference position where the nth column of obstacle columns is located, the radius of the smaller large particle B is larger than the actual particle separation radius b (b<a) at the reference position, and thus begins to move along the x-axis direction (as shown in the red solid line in the upper middle). Figure 7 At the same time, the relatively smaller large particle C is smaller than the actual separation radius of the particle at the reference position, and thus it will basically move along the solution injection direction, and will only start to move along the x-axis direction after traveling a certain distance, and move to the lower part of the obstacle zone channel exit.

[0046] Based on the above principle, when the designed separation radius of the particles changes from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, large particles of various sizes can be screened out at one time at the outlet of the obstacle zone channel, thereby improving the particle screening efficiency.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional deterministic lateral displacement chip. Openings O1, O2, O3 and O4 can be respectively set on both sides of the obstacle channel. Opening O1 is the solution injection port, opening O3 is the target solution outlet, and opening O4 is the waste liquid outlet. In some embodiments, opening O2 may not be set or may be blocked. Figure 7 The design parameters of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel shown are such that when the design separation radius of the particles changes from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, multiple openings O3 can be set as outlets for the target solution, and each opening O3 is used to flow out large particles of a certain size.

[0048] It should be noted that, although the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are consistent, the effect of the fluid will also cause the "actual" separation radius of the particles to change from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet. However, this effect of the fluid is relatively small, and it is difficult to "effectively" and "obviously" distinguish large particles of various sizes at the outlet of the obstacle zone channel, making it difficult to collect large particles of different sizes at the outlet of the obstacle zone channel.

[0049] The present specification provides a deterministic lateral displacement chip with inconsistent design parameters. Based on the discovery that "liquid injection will squeeze the obstacle column to deform it and thus change the actual separation radius", the actual parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are designed to be inconsistent, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet varies from small to large, which can more accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D; the actual parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are designed to be inconsistent, so that the designed separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet varies from large to small, which can more effectively and obviously screen out large particles of various sizes at one time, thereby improving the particle screening efficiency.

[0050] This specification also provides a design method for a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters, which can be used to design the above-mentioned deterministic lateral displacement chip. Figure 8 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0051] S10: Determine the expected separation radius of the particles according to the target experimental requirements.

[0052] The target experimental requirements refer to the requirements of the experiment that the prepared deterministic lateral displacement chip is used to perform. For example, in the scenario where deterministic lateral displacement is used for solution purification, the expected particle separation radius can be determined based on the minimum radius Rmin of the large particles to be purified and the maximum radius Rmax of the impurity particles. Specifically, the expected particle separation radius is less than the minimum radius Rmin and greater than the maximum radius Rmax.

[0053] That is, the expected particle separation radius is determined according to the minimum radius of large particles to be separated and / or the maximum radius of small particles to be removed in the target experiment.

[0054] S20: Determine the design parameters of the obstacle column region close to the solution outlet according to the expected separation radius of the particles.

[0055] The design parameters of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone are determined by the known particle separation radius. This is a known technology in the art and will not be described in detail.

[0056] S30: Determine the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet.

[0057] In some embodiments, the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet can be determined based on factors such as the length of the obstacle channel, the speed of the solution entering the obstacle channel, the cross-sectional area of ​​the obstacle column in the obstacle region, the gap size, the material of the obstacle column, etc. Specifically, the difference in design parameters can be determined based on an empirical formula.

[0058] In some other embodiments, S30 includes S31 to S34.

[0059] S31: Designing a test chip according to the expected separation radius of the particles, wherein the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel of the test chip are consistent.

[0060] The designed test chip can be a simulation chip or a physical chip made according to the design parameters.

[0061] S32: Injecting the liquid in the target experiment into the test chip according to the requirements of the target experiment.

[0062] The requirements of the target experiment may include the following: liquid viscosity, liquid injection flow rate, particle composition in the liquid, etc. The liquid injection test chip in the "simulation" target experiment can be a computer simulation or a test chip entity simulating a real experiment.

[0063] S33: During the liquid injection process, column cross-sectional images of the obstacle column close to the solution inlet and outlet are respectively obtained.

[0064] In the case of computer simulation, the radius of the column cross section can be directly read through the simulation program. In the case of using a test chip entity to simulate a real experiment, since the shell of the microfluidic chip is made of transparent material, a cross-sectional image of the obstacle channel can be taken by a camera, so that the cross-sectional profile of each obstacle column can be identified from the image taken by the camera, and the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column can be further determined based on the cross-sectional profile.

[0065] S34: Determine the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet according to the difference in the column cross-section radius in the column cross-section image.

[0066] The above method can be used to determine the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column close to the solution inlet and the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column close to the solution outlet. The difference in design parameters can be determined based on the cross-sectional radius of the obstacle column close to the solution inlet and outlet.

[0067] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional radius difference of the obstacle column near the solution inlet and outlet can be directly used as the difference of the design parameter to be determined in S34. In other embodiments, a certain value can be added / subtracted based on the cross-sectional radius difference of the obstacle column near the solution inlet and outlet as the difference of the design parameter to be determined in S34.

[0068] S40: Determine design parameters of the obstacle column region close to the solution inlet according to the difference.

[0069] Specifically, the "design parameters of the obstacle column area near the solution inlet" are the difference between the "design parameters of the obstacle column area near the solution outlet" and the design parameter difference determined by S34. The difference can be a positive value (corresponding to the situation where the design separation radius of the particles changes from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet) or a negative value (corresponding to the situation where the design separation radius of the particles changes from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet).

[0070] S50: Determine the design parameters of the obstacle column between the solution inlet and the solution outlet according to the design parameters of the obstacle column area close to the solution inlet and the solution outlet.

[0071] Through the above S10 to S50, a deterministic lateral displacement chip can be designed in which the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel are inconsistent, and the design separation radius of the particles in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet changes from small to large or from large to small. The designed deterministic lateral displacement chip can accurately distinguish between large and small particles near the expected separation radius D, or can more effectively and obviously screen out large particles of multiple sizes at one time, thereby improving the particle screening efficiency.

[0072] In some embodiments, the design parameters of the obstacle column between the solution inlet and the solution outlet can be determined according to the linear transformation law. For example, the variable design parameter is the radius, the radius of the obstacle column near the solution inlet is D1, and the radius of the obstacle column near the solution outlet is D2, then the design parameter of any column of obstacle columns between the solution inlet and the solution outlet is , where d2 is the column number of any column of obstacle columns between the solution inlet and the solution outlet, x2 is the column number of any column of obstacle columns between the solution inlet and the solution outlet, D1 is the radius of the first column of obstacle columns close to the solution inlet, X1 is the column number of the first column close to the solution inlet, D2 is the radius of the last column of obstacle columns close to the solution outlet, and X is the total number of columns of obstacle columns between the solution inlet and the solution outlet.

[0073] In other embodiments, the design parameters of the obstacle column between the solution inlet and the solution outlet may also be determined according to a nonlinear law, which may be determined according to fluid dynamics.

[0074] The above description is only an example of one or more embodiments of the present specification and is not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present specification. For those skilled in the art, one or more embodiments of the present specification may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present specification shall be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters, characterized in that: include: An obstacle zone channel, wherein a column array formed by a plurality of obstacle columns is arranged in the obstacle zone channel, so that particles of different sizes have different travel routes when a particle solution flows through the obstacle zone channel; The obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel has non-uniform design parameters, so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet; The design parameters of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel are determined by the following method: Determine the expected separation radius of the particles based on the target experimental requirements; Determine the design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution outlet according to the expected separation radius of the particles; Determine the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column area near the solution inlet and outlet; Determine design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet according to the difference; Determine the design parameters of the obstacle column between the solution inlet and the solution outlet according to the design parameters of the obstacle column area near the solution inlet and the solution outlet, so that the design separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet; The determination of the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet includes: The test chip is designed according to the expected separation radius of the particles, and the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel of the test chip are consistent; According to the requirements of the target experiment, simulating the liquid in the target experiment, injecting it into the test chip; During the liquid injection process, column cross-sectional images of the obstacle column near the solution inlet and outlet are respectively acquired; According to the difference in the column cross-section radius in the column cross-section image, the difference in the design parameters of the obstacle column region close to the solution inlet and outlet is determined.

2. The deterministic lateral displacement chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution outlet make the designed separation radius of the particles equal to the expected separation radius of the particles.

3. The deterministic lateral displacement chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel changes, so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

4. The deterministic lateral displacement chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between the center positions of the cross sections of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel changes, so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

5. The deterministic lateral displacement chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the obstacle column in the obstacle zone channel and the gap between the center positions of the cross section are changed, so that the designed separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet.

6. The deterministic lateral displacement chip according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: In the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, the radius of the obstacle column and / or the gap between the center positions of the cross section decreases uniformly.

7. The deterministic lateral displacement chip according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: In the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet, the radius of the obstacle column and / or the gap between the center positions of the cross section decreases according to a linear law or a nonlinear law.

8. A design method for a deterministic lateral displacement chip with non-uniform design parameters, characterized in that: include: Determine the expected separation radius of the particles based on the target experimental requirements; Determine the design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution outlet according to the expected separation radius of the particles; Determine the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column area near the solution inlet and outlet; Determine design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet according to the difference; Determine the design parameters of the obstacle column between the solution inlet and the solution outlet according to the design parameters of the obstacle column area near the solution inlet and the solution outlet, so that the design separation radius of the particles changes from small to large or from large to small in the direction from the solution inlet to the solution outlet; The determination of the difference in design parameters of the obstacle column region near the solution inlet and outlet includes: The test chip is designed according to the expected separation radius of the particles, and the design parameters of the obstacle columns in the obstacle zone channel of the test chip are consistent; According to the requirements of the target experiment, simulating the liquid in the target experiment, injecting it into the test chip; During the liquid injection process, column cross-sectional images of the obstacle column near the solution inlet and outlet are respectively acquired; According to the difference in the column cross-section radius in the column cross-section image, the difference in the design parameters of the obstacle column region close to the solution inlet and outlet is determined.

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